Upgrading and refining of salt for chemical and human consumption
presentation - Salt Partners
presentation - Salt Partners
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Salt Partners<br />
<strong>Upgrading</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>refining</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>salt</strong> <strong>for</strong><br />
<strong>chemical</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>human</strong> <strong>consumption</strong><br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy MSc (Hons) Chem Eng, IMD<br />
President<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Ahmedabad 2006
Salt Partners<br />
Salt production world-wide<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Salt type<br />
Solar <strong>salt</strong><br />
Rock <strong>salt</strong><br />
Brines<br />
Total<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
World production<br />
80,000,000 t/y<br />
60,000,000 t/y<br />
70,000,000 t/y<br />
210,000,000 t/y
Salt Partners<br />
Salt <strong>consumption</strong> world-wide<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Salt user<br />
Chemical industry<br />
Food<br />
Other<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Salt <strong>consumption</strong><br />
80,000,000 t/y<br />
60,000,000 t/y<br />
70,000,000 t/y
Salt Partners<br />
Impurities in <strong>salt</strong><br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Rock <strong>salt</strong><br />
Sea <strong>salt</strong><br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Lake <strong>salt</strong><br />
Brines<br />
CaSO4 0.5 – 2% 0.5 – 1% 0.5 – 2% Saturated<br />
MgSO4<br />
Traces 0.2 – 0.6% Traces<br />
MgCl2 0.3 – 1% Traces<br />
CaCl2<br />
Na2SO4<br />
KCl<br />
NaBr<br />
Traces<br />
Traces<br />
Traces<br />
Traces<br />
Insolubles 1 – 30% 0.1 – 1% 1 – 10%<br />
Traces
Salt Partners<br />
Hydroextraction<br />
6%<br />
4%<br />
15% NaCl<br />
MgCl2<br />
MgSO4<br />
Impurities are extracted<br />
from cavities by diffusion<br />
NaCl is recrystallised<br />
on crystal surface<br />
25% NaCl<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
Elutriation<br />
Settling velocities in brine<br />
NaCl Gypsum<br />
100-150µ<br />
Elutriation in upwards flowing brine<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
Hydroclassification<br />
Salt bed with buried impurities Hydroclassification <strong>of</strong> impurities<br />
in partially fluidised <strong>salt</strong> bed<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
Hydromilling <strong>and</strong> shear crushing<br />
Salt crystal with<br />
enclosed gypsum<br />
impurity<br />
Shear <strong>for</strong>ce<br />
breaks crystal<br />
where impurity<br />
is enclosed<br />
Minimised amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> fines created<br />
Gypsum crystal<br />
freed <strong>for</strong> elutriation<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Ahmedabad 2006
Salt Partners<br />
Salt upgradability test, NaCl content<br />
Solar <strong>salt</strong> plant 1<br />
100<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
HYDROSAL-XM/0.4<br />
HYDROSAL-XM/0.8<br />
HYDROSAL-XC/1.5<br />
HYDROSAL-XC/3.0<br />
Raw <strong>salt</strong> HYDROSAL-XB<br />
99.5<br />
99<br />
98.5<br />
NaCl (wt%)<br />
98<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
Characteristic crystal size (mm)
Salt Partners<br />
Salt upgradability test, NaCl content<br />
Solar <strong>salt</strong>, India<br />
100<br />
HYDROSAL-XM/0.8<br />
Hydromilling<br />
Shear crushing<br />
99.8<br />
HYDROSAL-XC/0.8<br />
HYDROSAL-XM/3<br />
99.6<br />
HYDROSAL-XC/3<br />
99.4<br />
99.2<br />
99<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
Characteristic crystal size [mm]<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
NaCl (wt%)<br />
Raw <strong>salt</strong> HYDROSAL-XB
Salt Partners<br />
Plant efficiency calculation, sulphate<br />
Solar <strong>salt</strong>, India<br />
0.6<br />
0.5<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.1<br />
0<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
Characteristic crystal size (mm)<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Upgradability<br />
Plant per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
SO4 (wt%)<br />
HYDROSAL-XC/1.5<br />
Raw <strong>salt</strong><br />
Plant per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
Efficiency =<br />
=<br />
Upgradability<br />
0.54 - 0.094<br />
= 95 %<br />
0.54 - 0.070
Salt Partners<br />
Co-current vs. counter-current process per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
Solar <strong>salt</strong>, plant 2<br />
0.2<br />
Co-current operation Counter-current operation<br />
0.15<br />
Raw <strong>salt</strong><br />
0.1<br />
0.05<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16<br />
Days on line<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Ca (wt %)<br />
Upgradability
14/0<br />
Salt Partners<br />
HYDROSAL optimisation test, NaCl efficiencies<br />
Solar <strong>salt</strong>, plant 3<br />
100%<br />
95%<br />
90%<br />
85%<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
14/0<br />
10/0<br />
10/0<br />
10/0<br />
10/0<br />
10/0<br />
7/3<br />
7/3<br />
7/3<br />
7/3<br />
7/3<br />
4/6<br />
4/6<br />
4/6<br />
4/6<br />
4/6<br />
12/0<br />
12/0<br />
12/0<br />
12/0<br />
12/0<br />
9/3<br />
9/3<br />
9/3<br />
9/3<br />
9/3<br />
6/6<br />
6/6<br />
6/6<br />
6/6<br />
6/6<br />
14/0<br />
14/0<br />
14/0<br />
Efficiency<br />
Water to process: Feed point 1 / Feed point 2
Salt Partners<br />
Upgradability <strong>of</strong> Indian <strong>salt</strong>s<br />
Solar <strong>salt</strong> plant 4<br />
100.0<br />
99.5<br />
99.0<br />
98.5<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
Characteristic crystal size (mm)<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
NaCl (%)<br />
Raw <strong>salt</strong><br />
Plant operation<br />
Upgradability<br />
Linear (Upgradability)
Salt Partners<br />
HYDROSAL refined solar <strong>salt</strong> <strong>and</strong> Swiss vacuum <strong>salt</strong><br />
HYDROSAL refined<br />
<strong>salt</strong><br />
Swiss vacuum<br />
<strong>salt</strong><br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
CaSO4<br />
MgSO4<br />
MgCl2<br />
Na2SO4<br />
Insolubles<br />
ppm 136 17<br />
ppm 55 5<br />
ppm 74<br />
ppm 420<br />
ppm 20 20<br />
NaCl % 99.972% 99.954%<br />
Ahmedabad 2006
Salt Partners<br />
Hydroextraction does not work in all vessels<br />
In this vessel <strong>salt</strong> flows out<br />
mainly through the centre<br />
In the centre <strong>of</strong> the vessel<br />
rat hole develops<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
Hydroextraction works only with plug flow <strong>of</strong> <strong>salt</strong><br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Picture 1: Injection <strong>of</strong> black ink<br />
into brine flowing upwards<br />
through <strong>salt</strong> flowing<br />
downwards in plug flow<br />
Picture 2: Black ink flows<br />
upwards with brine in countercurrent<br />
flow<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Picture 3: Second black ink<br />
injection. There are no traces <strong>of</strong><br />
black colour in the <strong>salt</strong> flowing<br />
downwards in plug flow
Salt Partners<br />
SALEXPOR 15 t/h<br />
solar <strong>salt</strong> <strong>refining</strong><br />
plant in Portugal<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
100 t/h industrial<br />
<strong>salt</strong> upgrading<br />
plant in Spain<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
40 t/h <strong>salt</strong> upgrading<br />
plant in Portugal<br />
producing purest<br />
industrial <strong>salt</strong> in Europe<br />
Per<strong>for</strong>mance test<br />
Ca ppm 0.6<br />
Mg ppm 0.2<br />
SO4 ppm 53<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
Solution mining <strong>for</strong> natural gas storage, co-generation, brine<br />
purification, <strong>salt</strong> crystallisation <strong>and</strong> <strong>refining</strong> plant in Portugal<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Salt Partners Ltd, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
Salt Partners<br />
Solution<br />
mining, <strong>salt</strong><br />
crystallisation<br />
<strong>and</strong> chloralkali<br />
project <strong>of</strong><br />
Hindustan Salts<br />
at M<strong>and</strong>i in<br />
Himachal<br />
Pradesh<br />
Ahmedabad 2006<br />
Vladimir M. Sedivy<br />
Sedivy & Co, Salt Partners, Zurich, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>
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