Understanding API ICP653 Reading 12-Worksheet-8

Readings on APIICP650 

Reading 12 - Q&A Practices 

My Pre-exam Self Study Notes 

17 th March 2016 

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Petroleum Upstream 


Petroleum Upstream 


API 653 Exam Administration -- Publications 

Effectivity Sheet FOR: November 2015, March 

2016 and July 2016 

Listed below are the effective editions of the publications required for this 

exam for the date(s) shown above. 

API Recommended Practice 571, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in 

the Refining Industry, Second Edition, April 2011 


ATTENTION: Only the following sections / mechanisms from RP 571 are 

included on the exam: 

1. Section 3, Definitions 

2. Par. 4.2.7 Brittle Fracture 

3. 4.2.16 Mechanical Fatigue 

4. 4.3.2 Atmospheric Corrosion 

5. 4.3.3 Corrosion Under insulation (CUI) 

6. 4.3.8 Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) 

7. 4.3.9 Soil Corrosion 

8. 4.3.10 Caustic Corrosion 

9. 4.5.1 Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Cl-SCC) 

10. 4.5.3 Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking (Caustic Embrittlement) 

11. 5.1.1.10 Sour Water Corrosion (Acidic) 

12. 5.1.1.11 Sulfuric Acid Corrosion 


• API Recommended Practice 575, Inspection of Atmospheric and Low- 

Pressure Storage Tanks, Third Edition, April 2014 

• API Recommended Practice 577 – Welding Inspection and Metallurgy, 

Second Edition, December 2013 

• API Standard 650, Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, Twelfth Edition, March 

2013 with Addendum 1 (September 2014), Errata 1 (July 2013), and 

Errata 2 (December 2014). 

• API Recommended Practice 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground 

Petroleum Storage Tanks, Fourth Edition, September 2014. 

• API Recommended Practice 652, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum 

Storage Tank Bottoms, Fourth Edition, September 2014 

• API Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and 

Reconstruction, Fifth Edition, November 2014. 


• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Boiler and Pressure 

Vessel Code, 2013 Edition 

i. ASME Section V, Nondestructive Examination, Articles 1, 2, 6, 7 and 

23 (section SE-797 only) 

ii. Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications (Welding Only) 

See end of this study note for API Official BOK 


http://independent.academia.edu/CharlieChong1 

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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 

http://greekhouseoffonts.com/

The Magical Book of Tank Inspection ICP 



闭门练功 



Fion Zhang at Xitang 

17 th March 2016


SME- Subject Matter Expert 

我们的大学 , 其实应该聘请这些能干的退休 

教授 . 或许在职的砖头怕被排斥 . 

http://cn.bing.com/videos/search?q=Walter+Lewin&FORM=HDRSC3 

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiEHVhv0SBMpP75JbzJShqw

Q&A Practice 


Exercise-001 

Open Book 


Q1. AST fabricated to API 650 (Basic Standard) is normally designed not to 

exceed an operating temperature of: 

1. 260 deg C 

2. 100 deg C 

3. 90 deg C 

4. 21 deg C 

Q2. Minimum size of fillet welds in the construction or repairs of an AST built to 

API Standard 650 is: 

1. Higher of 6 mm (0.25”) or half of the thickness of thinner plate joined. 

2. Higher of 9 mm (0.25”) or one third of the thickness of thicker plate joined. 

3. Higher of 5 mm (0.1875”) or one third of the thickness of thinner plate 

joined. 

4. Lower of 6 mm (0.25”) or half of the thickness of thinner plate joined. 


API650: 5.1.3.3 The minimum size of fillet welds shall be as follows: On plates 5 

mm (3/16 in.) thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates more than 5 

mm (3/16 in.) thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than one-third the 

thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 5 mm (3/16 in.). 

fillet size greater of 5mm or 1/3 t thinner 


Q3. As per API Standard 650, the overlap at lap-welded joints shall be at least 

five times the nominal thickness of the thinner plate, but need not exceed, 

a. 2” for single-welded lap joints and 4” for double welded lap joints 

b. 1” for single-welded lap joints and 2” for double welded lap joints 

c. 1.5” for single-welded lap joints and 2” for double welded lap joints 

d. 1.5” for single-welded lap joints and 1” for double welded lap joints 

API650: 5.1.3 Restrictions on Joints 

5.1.3.5 Lap-welded joints, as tack-welded, shall be lapped at least five times the 

nominal thickness of the thinner plate joined; however, with double-welded lap 

joints, the lap need not exceed 50 mm (2 in.), and with single-welded lap joints, 

the lap need not exceed 25 mm (1 in.). 


Q4. Calculate by the 1-Foot method the design shell thickness Td in inches, of 

the following description of tank built to API Standard 650: 

Shell Material ASTM A36M 

H = Design liquid level = 50 feet 

D = Nominal Tank Diameter = 180 feet 

G = Design Specific Gravity = 0.86 

CA = Corrosion Allowance = 0. 0625” 

S d = Allowable stress in design condition, in psi (23200psi) 

t d = design shell thickness, inches 

S t = Allowable stress for hydrostatic test condition, in psi 

= hydrostatic test shell thickness, inch(es). 

t t 

t d = 2.6 (H-1) DG/Sd + CA = 0.913 

a. 0.912” 

b. 0.850” 

c. 1” 

d. 0.922 


Q5. Calculate by the 1-Foot method the hydrostatic test shell thickness Tt in 

inches, of the above referred tank, when water is used for the test : 

t t = 2.6(H-1)D/S t = 0.922 

S t = 24900psi 

a. 0.935” 

b. 0.985” 

c. 1” 

d. 0.922” 

NOTE: 

for hydrostatic testing, CA need not to be considered. 


Q6. Maximum Reinforcement thickness of vertical butt joints of a tank shell plate 

of 28mm, of an AST built to API Standard 650 shall be: 

a. 5mm b. 2.4mm 

c. 1.6mm d. 3mm 

Q7. Vertical joints of a 28mm thick shell of an AST built to API Std. 650 shall be 

radiographed to the extent as given below : 

a. Full 

b. Partial 

c. Spot 

d. Nil 

c) Vertical joints in which the shell plates are greater than 25 mm (1 in.) thick 

shall be fully radiographed. All junctions of vertical and horizontal joints in this 

thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show not less than 

75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm (2 in.) of weld length on each side of 

the vertical intersection (see the bottom panel of Figure 8.1). 


Q8. In an AST built to API Standard 650, the bottom annular plates have 

radial weld joints, and are single butt welded with permanent back-up bar, in 

which case, the extent of radiographing radial joints shall be, 

a. One spot on 50% of radial joint 

b. One spot on 10% of radial joints 

c. Full radiography of all radial joints 

d. RT – Nil; only MT of 100% joints is adequate. 

8.1.2.9 When bottom annular plates are required by 5.5.1, or by M.4.1, the radial joints shall be radiographed as follows: (a) For 

double-welded butt joints, one spot radiograph shall be taken on 10 % of the radial joints; (b) For single-welded butt joints with 

permanent or removable back-up bar, one spot radiograph shall be taken on 50 % of the radial joints. Extra care must be exercised in 

the interpretation of radiographs of single-welded joints that have a permanent back-up bar. In some cases, additional exposures 

taken at an angle may determine whether questionable indications are acceptable. The minimum radiographic length of each radial 

joint shall be 150 mm (6 in.). Locations of radiographs shall preferably be at the outer edge of the joint where the shell plate and 

annular plate join. 

Q9. As per API Std. 650, personnel who perform and evaluate radiographic 

examinations (RT) shall have a minimum qualification as follows : 

a. Shall have a vision of Jaeger No.2 

b. Shall be qualified as Level II of ASNT SNT-TC-1A 

c. Shall not be color blind 

d. Shall have an experience of at least ten years in RT. 


Q10. The minimum required shell thickness of a Tank of 60 Meter diameter 

(200 ft. diameter), built to API Standard 650, shall be: 

a. Design shell thickness plus corrosion allowance 

b. Hydrostatic Test shell thickness 

c. 8 mm (5/16”) 

d. Greater of a, b, c 

Q11. Determine whether impact testing is required for A516 gr 70 normalised 

plates 1 inch thick, Design temp = 0 degree F (-18 degree C): 

a. Not required 

b. Required 

c. Depends on opinion of design engineer 

d. Depends on opinion of tank inspector 

Working: mtls group Group V Normalized, Killed Fine-Grain Practice 



Q12. Which of the following sets of the Transverse Charpy V-notch Impact 

Test Values of a fully killed 0.75 “ thick plate of ASTM A 516 gr 60 for a design 

metal temperature of -34 degree C, is acceptable as per API 650? Plates are 

not normalized. 

a. 20, 11, 12 Joules 

b. 18, 24, 12 Joules 

c. 24, 22, 10 Joules 

d. 20, 10, 27 Joules 

Working: 

ASTM A 516 gr 60 Not Normalized – Transverse specimens 

4.2.9.3 An impact test shall be performed on three specimens taken from a single 

test coupon or test location. The average value of the specimens (with no more 

than one specimen value being less than the specified minimum value) shall 

comply with the specified minimum value. If more than one value is less than the 

specified minimum value (2/3 x18= 12J) , or if one value is less than two-thirds 

the specified minimum value, three additional specimens shall be tested, and 

each of these must have a value greater than or equal to the specified minimum 

value. 




Exercise-002 

Closed Book 


Q1. Maximum design internal pressure in an AST referred to by API 650 and 

API 653 is: 

a. Not exceeding 2.5 psig 

b. 15 psig approximately 

c. Not exceeding 5.00 psig 

d. None of the above 

Q2. As per API 650, the design metal temperature of an AST is based on 

the lowest one-day mean temperature in the locality where the tank is installed, 

it is: 

a. 15ºC above the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality 

b. 8ºC above the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality 

c. Same as the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality 

d. 5ºC below the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality 

3.6 design metal temperature The lowest temperature considered in the design, which, unless experience or 

special local conditions justify another assumption, shall be assumed to be 8 °C (15 °F) above the lowest oneday 

mean ambient temperature of the locality where the tank is to be installed. Isothermal lines of lowest one-day 

mean temperature are shown in Figure 4.2. The temperatures are not related to refrigerated-tank temperatures 

(see 1.1.1). 


Q3. In an AST built to API Standard 650, the minimum nominal thickness of 

bottom plates, exclusive of specified corrosion allowance shall be: 

a. 12.7 mm (1/2”) 

b. 8 mm (5/16”) 

c. 6.0 mm (1/4”) 

d. 5 mm (3/16”) 

5.4 Bottom Plates 5.4.1 All bottom plates shall have a corroded thickness of not less than 6 mm (0.236 in.) [49.8 

kg/m2 (9.6 lbf/ft2) (see 4.2.1.2)]. Unless otherwise agreed to by the Purchaser, all rectangular and sketch plates 

(bottom plates on which the shell rests that have one end rectangular) shall have a nominal width of not less than 

1800 mm (72 in.). 

Q4. The full course width for shell plate as per API 650 shall be minimum: 

a. 72” 

b. 96” 

c. 60” 

d. 90” 


Q5. In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been 

defined as distinct activities. State which of the following activities does not 

constitute an Alteration? 

a. The addition of man-ways and nozzles greater than NPS 12 

b. Increase and decrease in tank shell height 

c. Replacement of damaged flange on nozzle by flange of same size 

and material 

d. All of the above 

Q6. In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been 

defined as distinct activities. Activity which entails any work necessary to 

maintain or restore a tank to a condition suitable for safe operation. State which 

of the following activities does not constitute repair? 

a. Re-leveling and/or jacking of a tank shell, bottom or roof 

b. Addition of reinforcing plate/s to existing shell penetration/s 

c. Changing the content with higher specific gravity 

d. Repair of flaws, such as tears or gouges, by grinding followed by 

welding 


Q7. From the data of Figure 2, which of the plane above will be considered 

to calculate t 1 ? 

Plane a 

Plane b 

Plane c 

Plane d 

Q8. What will be the value of t 1 for above question? 

a. 0.380” 

b. 0.397” 

c. 0.468” 

d. 0.371” 


Q7. In accordance with API Standard 653, Critical Zone for repairs to a tank 

bottom is that portion which is: 

a. Measured vertically upwards along shell, within 6” of tank bottom 

b. Measured radially inward, within 3” of the inside edge of shell 

c. Measured radially outward within 1 ½” of outside edge of shell 

d. A circular area measurable radially within 12” from center of tank bottom 

Q8. Normally the corrosion rates of the tank bottom control the inspection 

interval, which are based on the actual or anticipated rates of corrosion. In the 

case of a tank, where corrosion rates are not known, and where similar service 

experience is not available, the actual thickness of the bottom is to be 

determined by due inspections within: 

a. 20 years 

b. 5 years 

c. 10 years 

d. 2 years 


Q9. In case of the following conditions, the risk of failure by brittle fracture in 

an AST built to API Standards is minimal: 

a. Tank shell thickness 5/8” and shell metal temperatures at 20°F and 

above 

b. Tank shell thickness ½” and shell metal temperatures at 60°F and 

above 

c. Tank shell thickness ¾” and shell metal temperatures at 32°F and 

above 

d. Tank shell thickness 1” and shell metal temperatures at 0°F and above 

Q10. As per API Standard 653, a routine, in service, close visual external 

inspection of an aboveground storage tank (AST) shall be done, at an interval 

not exceeding: 

a. One year 

b. Five years 

c. One month 

d. Ten years 


Q11. As AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum 

required thickness is 0.5”. The known rate of corrosion of shell is 5 mils per 

year. As per API Standard 653, when should the external visual inspection by an 

Authorized Inspector be carried out at an interval not exceeding? 

a. One year 

b. Five years 

c. Twelve and half years 

d. Ten years 

Q12. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75; and its minimum 

required thickness is 0.5”. The rate of corrosion of shell is not known. As per API 

Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness measurement shall be carried 

out an interval not exceeding: 

a. One year 

b. Five years 

c. Six & half years 

d. Ten years 


Q13. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum 


year. As per API Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness measurement 

shall be carried out at an interval not exceeding: 

a. One year 

b. Twenty-five years 

c. Fifteen years 

d. Ten years 

Interval: N known, RCA/4N = 0.25/2·0.005 = 25 years used 15 years 

b) When the corrosion rate is known, the maximum interval shall be the smaller of RCA/2N years (where RCA is 

the difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, and N is the 

shell corrosion rate in mils per year) or 15 years. 

Q14. Corrosion on the bottom side of floor plates in aboveground storage 

tanks is affected most by: 

a. Composition of the contents stored in the tank 

b. Welding procedures used during construction of the tank 

c. The metal used for construction of the tank floor 

d. Soil characteristics directly underneath the tank 


Q15. If arc strikes, gouges, or tears from temporary attachments are 

identified, they: 

a. Must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis 

b. Must be repaired by welding with an appropriate repair procedure 

c. Must be repaired by removing the plate area containing the scars and 

welding in a butt-welded patch 

d. Are acceptable, provided they are more than 2 feet from any weld seam 

Q16. Reinforcement pads shall be tested by applying pressure between the 

tank shell and reinforcement plate using the telltale hole. How much pressure is 

used to perform this inspection? 

a. 15 psig hydrostatic pressure 

b. 5 psig pneumatic pressure 

c. 5 psig hydrostatic pressure 

d. 15 psig pneumatic pressure 


Q17. According to API 653, authorized inspection agency is: 

a. Inspection organization of jurisdiction 

b. Inspection organization of insurance company which underwrites 

insurance of storage tanks 

c. Inspection organization of owner-operator 

d. Any of the above 

Q18. For all repairs and alterations under API 653, the ultimate responsibility 

rests with: 

a. Owner-operator 

b. API Committee 

c. API 653 Inspector 

d. Jurisdiction Authority 


Q19. In API 653, the term “RBI” means: 

a. Repairing Before Inspection 

b. Report Based Inspection 

c. Repair Based Inspection 

d. Risk Based Inspection 

Q20. Partial or complete jacking of a tank shell is considered: 

a. Routine maintenance 

b. An alteration 

c. A repair 



Q21. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is filled-up by welding overlay. 

There is no change in the rating and no change is made on the nameplate. 

Which of the following is the correct term to describe this process? 

a. Repair 

b. Alteration 

c. Can be repair or alteration 

d. Neither repair or alteration 

Q22. Under which of the conditions listed below is external inspection of tank 

bottom plate permitted to be done in lieu of internal inspection? 

a) In cases where constructions size or other aspects allow external 

access to the tank bottom to determine plate thickness. 

b) External inspection to determine bottom plate thickness is never permitted in 

lieu of internal inspection 

c) For tanks made of materials which have excellent chemical resistance 

d) All of the above 


Exercise-003 

Open Book 


Q1. Typical corroded areas on a shell plate are exhibited below in Figure 1 

with measured thickness in inches indicated on the sketch. The minimum 

required thickness of the shell plate is 0.750” and C.A. required is 0.15”. 

The total length of arrow line drawn is 8 

inches. The length of the line in each of the 

corroded areas A, B and C are 1.5”, 0.3” and 

0.2” respectively. Comment on the 

acceptability of the corroded condition. 

a. Acceptable 

b. Not acceptable 

c. Conduct a patch plate repair 

d.The pitting can be ignored as a case of 

widely scattered pitting 

Working: acceptance criteria 

t’ min = t min + CA ≥ 0.9mm (not OK) 

t 2 ≥ 06 (t min + CA) ≥ 0.54mm (OK) 


Standard Answer: 

Q1. The pits are acceptable if: 

Thickness at bottom of pit (excluding C.A.) ≥ ½t min .; and 

Sum of dimensions in 8” length ≤ 2” 

In the example, 

The minimum thickness at bottom of the pit = 0.54” 

The thickness excluding C.A. = 0.54 – 0.15 = 0.39” 

This thickness ≥ ½t min 

0.39” ≥ ½ (0.75), i.e., 0.39” ≥ 0.375” ---------- OK 

b. Total sum = 1.5 +0.3+ 0.2 = 2” - - - - - - - - - OK 

ANSWER: A 


API653: 4.3.2 Actual Thickness Determination 

4.3.2.1 c) The authorized inspector shall visually or otherwise decide which 

vertical plane(s) in the area is likely to be the most affected by corrosion. Profile 

measurements shall be taken along each vertical plane for a distance, L. In the 

plane(s), determine the lowest average thickness, t1, averaged over a length of 

L, using at least five equally spaced measurements over length L. 

e) The criteria for continued operation is as follows: 

I.the value t 1 shall be greater than or equal to t min (see 4.3.3 or 4.3.4), subject to 

verification of all other loadings listed in 4.3.3.5; 

II.the value t 2 shall be greater than or equal to 60 % of t min ; and 

III.any corrosion allowance required for service until the time of the next 

inspection shall be added to t min and 60 % of t min . 

4.3.2.2 Widely scattered pits may be ignored provided that: 

a)no pit depth results in the remaining shell thickness being less than one-half 

the minimum acceptable tank shell thickness exclusive of the corrosion 

allowance; and 

b)the sum of their dimensions along any vertical line does not exceed 2 in. in an 

8-in. length (see Figure 4.2). 


Q2. A tank is constructed as per API 650. Its original thickness is 0.500 inch. 

Its diameter is 25 feet and height is 15 feet. After 10 years, the tank is inspected 

and the following readings are recorded on the shell. Figure 2 exhibits a 

corroded portion of the developed shell of the tank from the inside. The 

designed corrosion allowance is CA=0.125”. Minimum thickness (t 2 ) is among 

the following readings. 

What is the minimum thickness 

recorded? 

a)0.315” 

b)0.275” 

c)0.330” 

d)all of the above 


Q3. Calculate the critical L dimension for this condition 

a. 9.7” 

b. 40” 

c. 12” 


L = 3.7√(Dt 2 ) = 9.70” 

Q4. For the same conditions of Figure 2 if the location of the bottom of the 

critical length is 2 feet from the tank floor and the designed liquid height is 12 

feet what is the value of H in the formula for calculating t min ? 

a. 3 feet 

b. 15 feet 

c. 10 feet 

d. 13 feet 

H 

•is the height from the bottom of the shell course under consideration to the maximum liquid level 

when evaluating an entire shell course, in feet (ft); or 

•is the height from the bottom of the length L (see 4.3.2.1) from the lowest point of the bottom of L 

of the locally thinned area to the maximum liquid level, in feet (ft); or 

•is the height from the lowest point within any location of interest to the maximum liquid level, in feet 

(ft); 


Q5. Find the value of S which may be assumed for the lower course of old 

tank for calculating t min considering the fact that the material is A516 gr 70. 

a. 30,000 psi 

b. 18,000 psi 

c. 23,995 psi 

d. 23,595 psi 

Q6. Find the value of the allowable stress in the first shell course (means 

bottom course) of the conditions of the tank considered in above question if 

material is not known. 

a. 4680 psi 

b. 23600 psi 

c. 2550 psi 

d. 30000 psi 

first shell course 




API650: 5.1.5.2 Vertical Shell Joints 

a)Vertical shell joints shall be butt joints with complete penetration and complete fusion attained by double welding 

or other means that will obtain the same quality of deposited weld metal on the inside and outside weld surfaces to 

meet the requirements of 7.2.1 and 7.2.3. The suitability of the plate preparation and welding procedure shall be 

determined in accordance with 9.2. 

b)Vertical joints in adjacent shell courses shall not be aligned, but shall be offset from each other a minimum 

distance of 5t, where t is the plate thickness of the thicker course at the point of offset. 

5t thicker 

min 


Q7. From the data of Figure 2, which of the plane above will be considered 

to calculate t1? 

a. Plane a 

b. Plane b 

c. Plane c 

d. Plane d 

Q8. What will be the value of t 1 for above question? 

a. 0.380” 

b. 0.397” 

c.0.468” 

d.0.371” 

Standard answer: Q8. Value of t 1 

= 2.73 / 7 = 0.371” ANSWER: D 


Q9. A corroded roof plate is found to have an average thickness of 0.1" 

measured over an area of 100 sq. inches. This area shall be: 

a. Repaired or replaced 

b. Found to be acceptable 

c. Repair is prohibited 

d. Replacement is mandated 

Q10.When determining average thickness in a corroded area of a shell, a 

minimum of equally paced measurements shall be taken over a length of L. 

a. 10 

b. 5 

c. 8 

d. 6 


Q11. Vertical welds must be fully radiographed if the shell thickness exceeds 

inches: 

a. 3/4 

b. 1 

c. 1 - 1/4 

d. 1 - ½ 

c) Vertical joints in which the shell plates are greater than 25 mm (1 in.) thick shall be fully radiographed. All 

junctions of vertical and horizontal joints in this thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show 

not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm (2 in.) of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection 

(see the bottom panel of Figure 8.1). 

Q12. Anticipated minimum thickness of tank bottom where bottom / 

foundation design provides for leak detection and containment is: 

a. 0.10 inch 

b. 0.05 inch 

c. 0.09 inch 

d. same as without leak detection and containment 


Exercise-004 

Closed Book 


Q1. A hydrostatic test for a relocated tank: 

a. May be waived by the Owner/Operator 

b. Is required 

c. May be waived by the Inspector 

d. Is not necessary 

Q2. Minimum thickness of tank bottom in critical zone shall be at least 0.1 

inch but also it shall be: 

a. Greater of: ½ tmin for lowest shell course and half of original 

thickness in critical zone 

b. Smaller of: ½ tmin for lowest shell course and half of original thickness 

in critical zone 

c. 0.1” only 

d.0.05” as from Table 6-1, if leak detection system is provided 

4.4.5.4 Unless a stress analysis is performed, the minimum bottom plate thickness in the critical zone of the tank 

bottom defined in 9.10.1.2 shall be the smaller of one-half the original bottom plate thickness (not including the 

original corrosion allowance) or 50 % of t min 

of the lower shell course per 4.3.3.1 but not less than 0.1 in. Isolated 

pitting will not appreciably affect the strength of the plate. 


Q3. During the hydrostatic test, no less than _______ settlement 

measurement points shall be surveyed. 

a. 8 

b. 10 

c. 15 

d. 5 

Q4. For vacuum box test, a partial vacuum of at least _______ shall be used 

using _________ to check the cracks. 

a. 3 psi, penetrating oil 

b. 5 psi, water immersion 

c. 3 psi, film solution 

d. 5 psi, liquid penetrant 


Q5. Which tests are usually conducted to verify acceptability of shell to bottom 

plate welds? 

a. Penetrating oil 

b. RT 

c. Vacuum box test 

d. “a” and “c” 

Q6. Except for cast iron parts, internal coils and supports may be: 

a Dye penetrant tested 

b. Leak tested 

c. Hammer tested 

d. Magnetic particle tested 


Q7. At the next out-of-service inspection on a tank that has had a hot tap 

performed, the visual inspection should include: 

a. Size of the hot tap nozzle holes 

b. Thickness of the plate at the hot tap 

c. Height of the hot tap from the tank bottom 

d. Trimming of the hot tap nozzle holes 

Q8. The term “roof drain” is applicable for which type of tanks? 

a. Tanks with a breather device installed on the roof 

b. High octane fuel tanks (Dome roof tanks) 

c. Tanks with floating roofs (open top-tanks) 

d. Tanks with internal floating roof 


Q9. Industry experience and laboratory test have shown that a membrane 

stress in tank shell plates of at least _______ is required to cause failure due to 

brittle fracture? 

a.500 psi 

b.100 Mpa 

c.7 ksi 

d.18 kg/mm 2 

Q10. Which of the following is an advantage of magnetic particle testing over 

penetrant testing? 

a.it can detect surface discontinuities with foreign material imbedded in them 

b.It is faster on individual parts 

c.It can detect near-surface discontinuities 

d.All of the above 


Q11.Which of the following types of discontinuities is not normally detected by 

radiography? 

a. Cracks 

b. Incomplete penetration 

c. Laminations 

d. Slag 

Q12.The reason for periodical inspection of ASTs is to: 

a. Determine their physical condition 

b. Determine the rate of deterioration 

c. Maintain safe operating conditions 



Q13. Resistance of grounding connection shall not be, 

a.more than 25 Ohms 

b.less than 1 Meg-Ohm 

c.less than 25 Ohms 

d.more than 5 Ohms 

Q14. Internal inspection is primarily to: 

a.All of the below 

b.Ensure that the bottom is not corroded and leaking; 

c.Gather data for shell assessment 

d.Identify and evaluate bottom settlement. 


Q15. Repairs on butt welds shall be radiographically examined by: 

a. Full radiography over entire repaired length of weld 

b. 1 spot on repair portion for each vertical weld 

c. 1 spot on each 50’ for horizontal weld 

d. “b” and “c” 

12.2.1.1 For vertical joints: 

a.new replacement shell plates to new shell plates, no additional radiographs required, other than those required by API 650, Section 

8.1.2.2 and Figure 8-1 for new construction; 

b.new replacement shell plates to existing shell plates, one additional radiograph shall be taken in each joint; 

c.repaired joints in existing shell plates shall have one additional radiograph taken in each joint. 

12.2.1.2 For horizontal joints: 

a.a) new replacement shell plates to new shell plates, no additional radiographs required, other than those required by API 650, 

Section 8.1.2.3 and Figure 8-11 for new construction; 

b.new replacement shell plates to existing shell plates, one additional radiograph for each 50 ft of repaired horizontal weld; 

c.repaired joints in existing shell plates shall have one additional radiograph taken for each 50 ft of repaired horizontal weld. 

Q16. The API 653 standard covers the maintenance inspection, repairs, 

alteration, relocation and reconstruction of tanks constructed to ____________ 

as basic standards though it may be adopted for other tanks also. 

a. ASME 

b. API 651 

c. API 652 

d. API 650 


8.1.2 Number and Location of Radiographs 

8.1.2.2 The following requirements apply to vertical joints. 

a) For butt-welded joints in which the thinner shell plate is less than or equal to 10 mm (3/8 in.) thick, one spot radiograph shall be 

taken in the first 3 m (10 ft) of completed vertical joint of each type and thickness welded by each welder or welding operator. The spot 

radiographs taken in the vertical joints of the lowest course may be used to meet the requirements of Note 3 in Figure 8.1 for individual 

joints. Thereafter, without regard to the number of welders or welding operators, one additional spot radiograph shall be taken in each 

additional 30 m (100 ft) (approximately) and any remaining major fraction of vertical joint of the same type and thickness. At least 25 

% of the selected spots shall be at junctions of vertical and horizontal joints, with a minimum of two such intersections per tank. In 

addition to the foregoing requirements, one random spot radiograph shall be taken in each vertical joint in the lowest course (see the 

top panel of Figure 8.1). 

b) For butt-welded joints in which the thinner shell plate is greater than 10 mm (3/8 in.) but less than or equal to 25 mm (1 in.) in 

thickness, spot radiographs shall be taken according to Item a. In addition, all junctions of vertical and horizontal joints in plates in this 

thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm (2 in.) of 

weld length on each side of the vertical intersection. In the lowest course, two spot radiographs shall be taken in each vertical joint: 

one of the radiographs shall be as close to the bottom as is practicable, and the other shall be taken at random (see the center panel 

of Figure 8.1). 

c) Vertical joints in which the shell plates are greater than 25 mm (1 in.) thick shall be fully radiographed. All junctions of vertical and 

horizontal joints in this thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld 

and 50 mm (2 in.) of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection (see the bottom panel of Figure 8.1). 

8.1.2.3 One spot radiograph shall be taken in the first 3 m (10 ft) of completed horizontal butt joint of the same type and thickness 

(based on the thickness of the thinner plate at the joint) without regard to the number of welders or welding operators. Thereafter, one 

radiograph shall be taken in each additional 60 m (200 ft) (approximately) and any remaining major fraction of horizontal joint of the 

same type and thickness. These radiographs are in addition to the radiographs of junctions of vertical joints required by Item c of 

8.1.2.2 (see Figure 8.1). 


Q17. The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 

inches of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a: 

a.minor alteration 

b.minor repair 

c.major alteration 

d.major repair 

Q18. The difference between peaking and banding is: 

a.peaking pertains to the roof; 

b.banding is external to the tank; 

c.peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to horizontal 

weld seams; 

d.peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical weld 

seams. 


Q19. The minimum (maximum?) interval for external inspection by a qualified 

inspector is ____ years or at the quarter corrosion-rate life of the shell, 

whichever is less: 

a.Twenty 

b.Five 

c.Ten 

d.Fifteen 

Q20. The minimum retirement thickness of an annular plate ring is usually 

greater than: 

a. 0.10 inch 

b. 0.25 inch 

c. 0.0625 inch 

d. 0.1875 inch 


Exercise-005 

Closed Book 


Q1. Guided bend test represents: 

a. Ductility of weld 

b. Strength of weld 

c. Soundness of weld 

d. Both soundness and ductility of weld 

Q2. All positions of groove welds are qualified by 

a. pipe positions 1G and 5G 

b. pipe positions 2G and 5G 

c. pipe position 6G only 

d. b and c 


Q3. According to ASME Sec. IX, A welder for SMAW can be qualified by 

following minimum tests: 

a. 1 tensile and 2 bend tests 

b. 2 bend tests only 

c. 2 tensile tests and 1 bend tests 

d. 1 tensile and 1 radiography 

Q4. Procedure Qualification Record is a document which can be revised 

time to time. 

a. True 

b. False 

c. Depends on company policy 

d. Depends on client of the company 


Q5. Use of Radiography is made for: 

a. Performance qualification only. 

b. Procedure qualification only 

c. Both a and b 

d. Use of Radiography is not permitted by ASME Sec. IX. 

Q6. Procedure Qualification is done by: 

a. 1 Tensile and 2 bend tests 

b. 1 tensile and 1radiography 

c. 1 bend test and 1 radiography 

d. 2 Tensile and 4 bend tests 


Q7. Which of the following represent grouping of weld-metals in ASME IX? 

a. P - Nos 

b. F - Nos 

c. S - Nos 

d. A - Nos 

Q8. For A 516 gr 60 (SMTS = 60000 psi) material, following results were 

obtained for two tensile test specimens in PQR qualification. 

Specimen T1: failed in B.M. at 57,400 psi 

Specimen T2: failed in weld metal, at 59,500 psi 

Your assessment is: 

a. PQR test is ok since both are within acceptance criteria 

b. PQR test is rejected as both T1 and T2 are not within acceptance criteria 

c. PQR in rejected because T1 is ok but T2 has failed 

d. PQR in rejected because T1 is failed thoughT2 is ok 


Q9. Based on a measured corrosion of 0.006" annually and using a 

corrosion allowance of 0.120", what is the interval for the next UT thickness 

measurements on shell are required for AST? 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

10 years 

6.5 years 

20 years 

15 years 

Q10. Per API 650, calculation of shell thickness by the 1-foot method cannot 

be used for tanks: 

(a) Under 200 ft. in diameter 

(b) Over 200 ft. in diameter 

(c) Under 150 ft. in diameter 

(d) Of any size 


Q11. Impressed current system results in following advantages compared to 

Galvanic System. 

a. Can be used for large structures 

b. Maintenance cost is lower 

c. Installation is cheaper and easier 

d. No external power supply required 

Q12. Power source for impressed current system shall be checked at 

intervals not exceeding: 

a. Annually 

b. Six months 

c. Two months 

d. Five years 


Q13. Thick film lining means thickness: 

a. Greater than 10 mils 

b. Equal or greater than 20 mils 

c. Greater than 20 mils 

d. Equal or greater than 10 mils 

Q14. Sand blasting and painting operations shall not be performed if humidity 

exceeds: 

a. 90% 

b. 80% 

c. 85% 

d. 95% 


Q15. Which of the following statement is correct? 

a) Soil resistivity is a measure of resistance offered by soil to drilling operation 

for oil exploration and it has no connection with corrosivity of soil. 

b) Lower soil resistivity indicates less corrosive soil. 

c) Soil resistivity has nothing to do with corrosiveness of soil because soil 

corrosion depends on the amount of corrosive chemicals present in the soil. 

d) Higher soil resistivity indicates less corrosive soil. 

Q16. The preferred method for inspecting non-metallic coating is: 

a. Visual inspection only 

b. Holiday detection 

c. M.P. check 

d. D.P. check 


Q17. The accuracy of a piece of magnetizing equipment that is equipped with 

an ammeter shall be verified: 

a. Each year 

b. Each two years 

c. When possible 

d. Every 6 months 

Q18. It is decided to carryout a surface NDT for austenitic S.S. welds. 

Choose a best combination. 

a. Penetrant testing with Halogen free developer 

b. Penetrant testing with any aqueous developer 

c. Magnetic particle testing with wet particles 

d. Magnetic particle testing with dry particles 


Q19. In ultrasonic testing, for thickness measurement on corroded surface, 

use: 

a. CRT read out 

b. Digital read out 

c. Any of above 

d. None of above 

Q20. For which of the following can yoke technique be used? 

a. Sub-surface cracks 

b. Surface cracks 


d. For none of a and b 



Exercise-006 

Closed Book 


Q1. Which condition below best describes the result of tensile tests reported on 

the PQR? 

a.Test T1 & T2 are acceptable 

b.Test T1 & T2 are unacceptable 

c.Test T1 is acceptable & T2 is unacceptable 

d.Test T1 is unacceptable & T2 is acceptable 

Q2. What condition below describes the results of the guided bend test? 

a.The three bend test is acceptable and the fourt one is not acceptable 

b.The test result overall is acceptable 

c.The test result is not acceptable due to the linear indication 

d.The bend test result is indeterminable 


Q3. The minimum qualified preheat temperature for the WPS is: 

a. 200° F 

b. 100° F 

c. 75° F 

d. 5 mm (3/16”) 


Q4.The full course width for shell plate as per API 650 shall be minimum 

a. 72” 

b. 96” 

c. 60” 

d. 90” 

Q5.In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been 

defined as distinct activities. State which of the following activities does not 

constitute an Alteration? 

a) The addition of man-ways and nozzles greater than NPS 12 

b) Increase and decrease in tank shell height 

c) Replacement of damaged flange on nozzle by flange of same size and 

material 



Q6.In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been 

defined as distinct activities. Activity which entails any work necessary to 

maintain or restore a Tank to a condition suitable for safe operation. State 

which of the following activities does not constitute a Repair? 

a. Re-leveling and/or jacking of a Tank shell, bottom or roof 

b. Addition of reinforcing plate/s to existing shell penetration/s. 

c. Changing the content with higher specific gravity 

d. Repair of flaws, such as tears or gouges, by grinding followed by welding 

Q7.In accordance with API Standard 653, Critical Zone for repairs to a Tank 

Bottom is that portion, which is, 

a. Measured vertically upwards along shell, within 6” of tank bottom. 

b. Measured radially inward, within 3” of the inside edge of shell. 

c. Measured radially outward within 1 ½” of outside edge of shell. 

d. A circular area measurable radially within 12” from centre of tank bottom. 


Q8. Normally the corrosion rates of the Tank Bottom control the inspection 

intervals, which are based on the actual or anticipated rates of corrosion. In the 

case of a Tank, where corrosion rates are not known, and where similar service 

experience is not available, the actual thickness of the Bottom is to be 

determined by due inspections within: 

a. 20 years 

b. 5 years 

c. 10 years 

d. 2 years 

Q9. In case of the following conditions, the risk of failure by brittle fracture in 

an AST built to API Standards is minimal: 

a. Tank shell thickness 5/8” and shell metal temperatures at 20ºF and 

above 

b. Tank shell thickness ½” and shell metal temperatures at 60ºF and 

above 

c. Tank shell thickness ¾” and shell metal temperatures at 32ºF and 

above 

d. Tank shell thickness 1” and shell metal temperatures at 0ºF and above 


Q10.As per API Standard 653, a routine, in-service, close visual external 

inspection of an above ground storage tank (AST) shall be done, at an 

interval not exceeding: 

a. One year 

b. Five years 

c. One month 

d. Ten years 

Q11.An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum required 

thickness is 0.5”. The known rate of corrosion of shell is 5 mils per year. As 

per API Standard 653, when should the external visual inspection by an 

Authorized Inspector shall be carried out at an interval not exceeding: 

b. One year 

c. Five years 

d. Twelve & Half years 

e. Ten years 

6.3.2 External Inspection 

6.3.2.1 All tanks shall be given a visual external inspection by an authorized inspector. This inspection shall be 

called the external inspection and must be conducted at least every five years or RCA/4N years (where RCA 

is the difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, and N is 

the shell corrosion rate in mils per year) whichever is less. Tanks may be in operation during this inspection. 


Q12. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum 

required thickness is 0.5”. The rate of corrosion of shell is not known. As per 

API Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness measurement shall be 

carried out at an interval not exceeding: 

a. One year 

b. Five years 

c. Six & Half years 

d. Ten years 

Q13. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum 


year. As per API Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness 

measurement shall be carried out at an interval not exceeding , 

a. One year 

b. Twenty five years 

c. Fifteen years 

d. Ten years 


Q14. Corrosion on the bottom side of floor plates in aboveground storage 

tanks is affected most by: 

a. composition of the contents stored in the tank. 

b. welding procedures used during construction of the tank 

c. the metal used for construction of the tank floor 

d. soil characteristics directly underneath the tank. 

Q15. If arc strikes, gouges, or tears from temporary attachments are 

identified, they: 

a. must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. 

b. must be repaired by welding with an appropriate repair procedure. 

c. must be repaired by removing the plate area containing the scars and 

welding in a butt-welded patch. 

d. are acceptable, provided they are more than 2 feet from any weld seam. 


Q16.When a tank is being dismantled for relocation, the roof, shell, and bottom 

plates may be cut: 

a. to one-half the size of the original plates 

b. along the existing weld seams for transportation to the new site. 

c. to a size no smaller than one-half the maximum weight allowed by the 

transporting vehicle including the crane. 

d. to any size suitable for transportation 

Q17.According to API 653, authorized inspection agency is: 

a) Inspection organization of jurisdiction 

b) Inspection organisation of Insurance company which under writes insurance 

of storage tanks 

c) Inspection organization of owner-operator 

d) Any of above 


Q18. For all repairs and alterations under API 653, the ultimate responsibility 

rests with: 

a.Owner-operator 

b.API Committee 

c.API-653 Inspector 

d.Jurisdiction authority 

19. In API-653, the term “RBI “means: 

a.Repairing Before Inspection 

b.Report Based Inspection 

c.Repair Based Inspection 

d.Risk Based Inspection 


Q20. Partial or complete jacking of a tank shell is considered: 

a. Routine maintenance. 

b. A alteration. 

c. A repair. 


Q21. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is filled-up by welding overlay. 



a. Repair 

b. Alteration 

c. Can be repair or alteration 

d. Neither repair or alteration 


Q22. Under which of the conditions listed below is external inspection of tank 

bottom plate permitted to be done in lieu of internal inspection? 

a) In cases where construction size or other aspects allow external 

access to the tank bottom to determine bottom plate thickness. 

b) External inspection to determine bottom plate thickness is never permitted in 

lieu of internal inspection. 

c) For tanks made of materials which have excellent chemical resistance 



Exercise-007 

Closed Book 


Q1. A hydrostatic test for a relocated tank: 

a. May be waived by the Owner/Operator 

b. Is required 

c. May be waived by the Inspector 

d. Is not necessary 

Q2. Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from: 

a. A cathode to anode 

b. An anode to cathode 

c. Both installations are acceptable 

d. Neither of a and b 


Q3. During the hydrostatic test, no less than _______ settlement 

measurement points shall be surveyed. 

a. 8 

b. 10 

c. 15 

d. 5 

Q4. Reinforcement pads shall be tested by applying pressure between the 


used to perform this inspection? 

a. 15 psig hydrostatic pressure 

b. 15 psig pneumatic pressure 

c. 5 psig hydrostatic pressure 

d. 5 psig pneumatic pressure 


Q5. Which tests are usually conducted to verify acceptability of shell to 

bottom plate welds? 

a. Diesel test 

b. RT 

c. Vacuum box test 

d. “a” and “c” 

Q6. Except for cast iron parts, internal coils and supports may be: 

a dye penetrant tested 

b. leak tested 

c. hammer tested 

d. magnetic particle tested 


Q7. At the next out-of-service inspection on a tank that has had a hot tap 

performed, the visual inspection should include: 

a. size of the hot tap nozzle holes 

b. thickness of the plate at the hot tap 

c. height of the hot tap from the tank bottom 

d. trimming of the hot tap nozzle holes 

Q8. The term “windgirder” is applicable for which type of tanks? 

a. Tanks which a wind measuring device installed at the top of the tank. 

b. High octane fuel tanks 

c. Tanks with floating roofs 



Q9. Industry experience and laboratory test have shown that a membrane 

stress in tank shell plates of at least _______ is required to cause failure due to 

brittle fracture? 

a. 500 psi 

b. 100 Mpa 

c. 7 ksi 

d. 18 kg/mm2 

Q10. Which of the following is an advantage of magnetic particle testing over 

penetrant testing? 

a. it can detect surface discontinuities with foreign material imbedded in 

them 

b. It is faster on individual parts 

c. It can detect near-surface discontinuities 



Q11. Which of the following types of discontinuities is not normally detected 

by radiography? 

a. Cracks 

b. Incomplete penetration 

c. Laminations 

d. Slag 

Q12. The reason for periodical inspection of ASTs is to: 

a. Determine their physical condition 

b. Determine the rate of deterioration 

c. Maintain safe operating conditions 



Q13. Resistance of grounding connection shall not be, 

a. more than 25 Ohms 

b. less than 1 Meg-Ohm 

c. less than 25 Ohms 

d. more than 5 Ohms 

Q14. Internal inspection is primarily to: 

a. All of the below 

b. Ensure that the bottom is not corroded and leaking; 

c. Gather data for shell assessment 

d. Identify and evaluate bottom settlement. 


Q15. Vacuum box tests require ____ psig of partial vacuum. 

a. 3.0 psi 

b. 15 psi 

c. 21 psi 

d. 30 psi 

Q16. The API 653 standard covers the maintenance inspection, repairs, 

alteration, relocation and reconstruction of tanks constructed to which one of the 

following standards: 

a. ASME 


c. API 652 

d. API 650 


Q17. The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 

inches of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a :- 

a. minor alteration 

b. minor repair 

c. major alteration 

d. major repair 

Q18. The difference between peaking and banding is: 

a. peaking pertains to the roof; 

b. banding is external to the tank; 

c. peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to 

horizontal weld seams; 

d. peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical 

weld seams. 


Q19. The minimum interval for external inspection by a qualified inspector is 

____ years or at the quarter corrosion-rate life of the shell, whichever is less: 

a.Twenty 

b.Five 

c.Ten 

d.Fifteen 

Q20. The minimum retirement thickness of an annular plate ring is usually 

greater than: 

a. 0.10 

b. 0.25 

c. 0.0625 

d. 0.1875 


Exercise-008 

Closed Book 


Q1. Guided bend test represents: 

a. Ductility of weld 

b. Strength of weld 

c. Soundness of weld 

d. Both soundness and ductility of weld 

Q2. All positions of groove welds are qualified by 

a. pipe positions 1G and 5G 

b. pipe positions 2G and 5G 

c. pipe position 6G only 

d. b and c 


Q3. According to ASME Sec. IX, A welder for SMAW can be qualified by 

following minimum tests: 

a. 1 tensile and 2 bend tests 

b. 2 bend tests only 

c. 2 tensile tests and 1 bend tests 

d. 1 tensile and 1 radiography 

Q4. Procedure Qualification Record is a document which can be revised 

time to time. 

a. True 

b. False 

c. Depends on company policy 

d. Depends on client of the company 


Q5. Use of Radiography is made for: 

a. Performance qualification only. 

b. Procedure qualification only 


d. Use of Radiography is not permitted by ASME Sec. IX. 

Q6. Procedure Qualification is done by: 

a. 1 Tensile and 2 bend tests 

b. 1 tensile and 1radiography 

c. 1 bend test and 1 radiography 

d. 2 Tensile and 4 bend tests 


Q7. Which of the following represent grouping of weld-metals in ASME IX ? 

a. P - Nos 

b. F - Nos 

c. S - Nos 

d. A - Nos 

Q8. For A 516 gr 60 (SMTS = 60000 psi) material, following results were 

obtained for two tensile test specimens in PQR qualification. 

Specimen T1: failed in B.M. at 57,400 psi 

Specimen T2: failed in weld metal, at 59,500 psi 

Your assessment is: 

a. PQR test is ok since both are within acceptance criteria 

b. PQR test is rejected as both T1 and T2 are not within acceptance 

criteria 

c. PQR in rejected because T1 is ok but T2 has failed 

d. PQR in rejected because T1 is failed thoughT2 is ok 


Q9. Based on a measured corrosion of 0.006" annually and using a 

corrosion allowance of 0.120", how long before the next UT thickness 

measurements are required? 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

10 years 

6.5 years 

20 years 

15 years 

Q10. Per API 650, calculation of shell thickness by the 1-foot method cannot 

be used for tanks: 

(a) under 200 ft. in diameter 

(b) over 200 ft. in diameter 

(c) under 150 ft. in diameter 

(d) of any size 


Exercise-009 

Closed Book 


Q1. Open-top type tanks (with floating roof) are typically adopted for 

storing petroleum products that are : 

a. Non-volatile 

b. Heavy distillates (e.g. Bitumen, asphalt etc) 

c. Volatile 

d. All of above 

Q2. The term “Critical Zone” in storage tanks refers to: 

a. Lower part of shell interior, which is welded to bottom 

b. Upper part of shell interior, which is welded to roof 

c. Lower part of roof exterior, which is welded to shell 

d. Annular part of bottom interior, which is welded to shell 


Q3. API 650 code is tank construction code for: 

a. Atmospheric Storage tanks 

b. Tanks with pressure up to 15 psig 

c. Aboveground tanks including Refrigerated tanks 

d. All of above 

Q4. The terms “Sketch plates” and “annular plates” refer to _____Plates in: 

a. Tank roof 

b. Tank bottom 

c. Tank shell 

d. None of above 


Q5. Hydrostatic testing of tank shells is: 

a. Basically water fill test 

b. Conducted at 1.1 times the static column pressure of product 

c. Conducted at 1.0 times the static column pressure of product 

d. Highest Pressure value of a, b, c above 

Q6. Internal inspection of tanks during shut-down is essentially ____ for 

inspection of: 

a. Tank roof 

b. Tank bottom 

c. Tank shell 

d. Tank Nozzles 


Q7. During tank inspection, the inspector should be more strict ____ while 

inspecting: 

a. The shell Horizontal welds 

b. The shell vertical welds 

c. Both a and b. are equally critical 

d. The roof welds 

Q8. Cathodic protection is provided to tanks normally for guarding the: 

a. The tank shell against product corrosion 

b. The tank bottom against product corrosion 

c. The tank bottom against soil corrosion 

d. Both b and c 


Q9. For the new tanks to be constructed to the API 650-Basic _____ 

Standard, radiography for shell butt-welds is: 

a. Optional and its extent depends on the Joint efficiency used for design 

b. Optional and its extent depends on the Plate thickness used for shell 

c. Mandatory and its extent depends on Joint efficiency used for design 

d. Mandatory and its extent depends on the plate thickness used for shell 

Q10. “Vacuum box testing” is Typical testing, normally applied for: 

a. Bottom welds 

b. Mandatory for shell welds, optional for bottom welds 

c. Mandatory for shell welds, optional for roof welds 

d. Pad testing 


Q11.When the tank is empty, the floating roof of open-top tank is 

a. At its top-most position 

b. Resting on the bottom 

c. Resting on the legs 

d. May be at any location 

Q12.Since the tank is neither a pressure vessel, nor the piping, the welding 

procedures and welders for API 650 tanks are qualified as per: 

a. AWS D 1.1 


c. Still use ASME IX 

d. Any of above is OK 


Q13. Which of the following is/are mandatory appurtenances for Storage tanks? 

a. Tank level gauge 

b. Tank vents 

c. Pressure guage 

d. Temperature gauge / thermometer 

Q14.Hot tapping for the tanks are provided in: 

a. Vapour space only 

b. Liquid space only 

c. Any of a or b 

d. Hot taps are not permitted for storage tanks. 


Q15. API 650 covers: 

a. Cylindrical, welded, above ground tanks only 

b. Cylindrical welded and riveted tanks 

c. Cylindrical & rectangular, welded & riveted tanks 

d. Cylindrical & rectangular, aboveground and underground tanks 


Exercise-010 

Closed Book 


Q1.The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 inches of 

a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a: 

(a) minor alteration; 

(b) minor repair; 

(c) major alteration; 

(d) major repair. 

Q2. A single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a Cobalt- 

60 source. The minimum permitted density in the area of interest is: 

a. 4.0 

b. 1.8 (x-ray) 

c. 2.0 (γ-ray) 

d. 1.3 


Q3.Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from: 

a. A cathode to anode 

b. An anode to cathode 

c. Both installations are acceptable 

d. Neither of a and b 

Q4. __________ is a change from previous operating conditions involving 

different properties of the stored product such as specific gravity or corrosivity 

and / or different service conditions of temperature and / or pressure: 

(a) Re-rating; 

(b) Change in service; 

(c) Repair; 

(d) Reconstruction 


Q5. Describe how a liquid penetrant examination should be performed in order 

to detect discontinuities which are open to the surface. 

a. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, remove excess 

penetrant, inspect the part, clean the part 

b. Clean the part, apply penetrant, remove excess penetrant, apply the 

developer, inspect the part, clean the part 

c. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, 

remove excess penetrant, clean the part 

d. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, 

clean the part 

Q6. A radiographic technique in which radiation passed through two walls and 

both the walls are viewed on the same radiograph (double wall, double 

image – ellipse) the limitation for the outside diameter is: 

a. 3-1/2” 

b. 2” 

c. 4” 

d. Any diameter possible 


Q7. Information needed when determining the rate of corrosion: 

a. Original thickness or last inspection thickness 

b. Current thickness 

c. Length of time in service 

d. All the above 

Q8. The maximum acceptable undercutting for base metal in reconstructed 

tank for horizontal welds is: 

(a) 1/64"; (b) 1/32"; (c) 1/16"; (d) 1/8" 


Q9. Tank was inspected in 1985 and the thickness was observed to be 0.32 

inch. The thickness observed during inspection in 1995 was 0.30 inch. What 

is corrosion rate? 

a. 2 mpy 

b. 20 mpy 

c. 0.2 mpy 

d. 1 mpy 

Q10. If remaining corrosion allowance (RCA) at present is 0.05 inch, the next 

thickness inspection (UT) due for above tank shall not be later than: 

a. 10 years 

b. 15 years 

c. 6 years 

d. 12.5 years 

Interval = RCA/2N 


Q11. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is repaired by welding overlay. 



a. Reconstruction 

b. Repair 

c. Alteration 


Q12. The maximum interval between internal inspections shall not exceed 

____ years when corrosion rate is known: 

(a) 10; (b) 20; (c) 5; (d) 15. 

Q13. Hot taps are not permitted under which of the following conditions? 

a. On plates requiring PWHT. 

b. On ultrasonically sound plate 

c. On tanks with dia. more than 80 feet. 

d. None of the above. 


Q14. A tank of 160 ft diameter is to be checked for shell settlement. Minimum 

number of equally spaced settlement points to be checked will be: 

a. 16 

b. 20 

c. 24 

d. 12 

Q15. For a tank made by reconstruction, under what circumstances may a 

new shell-to-bottom weld be exempt from hydrostatic testing? 

a. When the root pass has been visually inspected and the final weld is fully 

examined, visually and radiographically. 

b. Reconstructed tank is never exempted from hydrostatic testing. 

c. When the root pass has been visually inspected and the final weld is fully 

examined, visually and by vacuum box. 

d. When the welding method has been reviewed and approved by an engineer 

experienced in tank design in accordance with API Standard 650. 


Q16. In atmospheric conditions, bottom coatings may be applied if the steel 

temperature is: 

a. 2⁰F above the dew point 

b. 5⁰F below the dew point. 

c. 10⁰F above the dew point. 

d. At the dew point. 

Q17. Procedure qualification for welding during repair of tanks is done in 

accordance with: 

a. AWS D1.1 


c. ASME Section IX 



Q18. Widely scattered pits may be ignored under the following conditions 

a. Where the service fluid is corrosive or hard to hold. 

b. If sum of pit lengths along any 8” vertical line does not exceed 2” 

c. When no pit has depth which results in the minimum thickness being less 

than one-half the minimum acceptable thickness of the shell plate exclusive 

of corrosion allowance 

d. b and c 

Q19. For verification of radiographic sensitivity and image quality, which of the 

following are used: 

a. Cassettes 

b. Penetrameters 

c. Cameras 

d. Collimators 


Q20. Internal corrosion in the vapour space above liquid level occurs due to: 

a. Hydrogen Sulphide vapour 

b. Water vapour 

c. Oxygen 

d. Any combination of the above three 

Q21. API 650: Appendix M provides requirements for Tanks designed to 

operate at the following range of temperatures: 

a. Exceeding 260⁰C 

b. Above 90° -260⁰C 

c. Below 90°C 

d. Below 0°C 


Q22. For a reconstructed tank as per API 653 Verticality (out-of-plumbness) 

of top of the shell shall not exceed, 

a. 1/300 of total tank height 

b. 1/250 of total tank height 

c. 1/400 of total tank height 


Q23. When lining is applied to bottom on inside of tank, the lining shall extend 

___________ up the shell. 

a. 6” min 

b. 12” min 

c. 18” min 

d. 3” min 


Q24. Hot tap can be performed on: 

a. Vapour space in the shell 

b. On the roof 

c. In the shell below liquid level 

d. Anywhere on the tank 

Q25. A radiograph was having density near the penetrameter equal to 3.0. 

Hence the acceptable density range of the radiograph is: 

a. 1.7 to 4 

b. 2.55 to 3.9 

c. 2.0 to 4.0 


T-282.2 Density Variation 

(a) General. If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more 

than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of the hole IQI or adjacent to the 

designated wire of a wire IQI, within the minimum/maximum allowable density ranges specified 

in T-282.1, then an additional IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the 

radiograph retaken. When calculating the allowable variation in density, the calculation may be 

rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the range specified in T- 82.1. 


Q26. The examiner for conducting magnetic particle testing on the tank welds 

shall be: 

a. Qualified as per ASNT Level II or III 

b. Able to read Jagger-2 

c. Qualified as per ASME Sec. V 


Q27. In atmospheric conditions, grit blasting can be done at temperature of at 

least: 

a. 2°F above the dew point. 

b. 5°F below the dew point 

c. 5°F above the dew point 

d. At the dew point 


Q28. How many equally spaced measurements are required for the thickness 

averaging technique? 

(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3 

Q29. How many specimens must be used for impact tests from a single test 

coupon or test location? 

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 

Q30. Hydrostatic tests shall be held for ____ hours for the reconstructed tank. 

(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 24 (d) 72 


Q31. In a radiographic film of a weld, how is back scatter checked? 

(a) By use of a penetrameter 

(b) By film density 

(c) Using lead letter “B” 

(d) All of the above 

Q32. In general, if shell thickness does not exceed ____ inch, it does not 

require further assessment for brittle fracture: 

(a) 0.25 (b) 0.75 

(c) 1.00 (d) 0.50 


Q33. Potential for brittle fracture exists for tanks constructed according to: 

(a) API 650 – 7th edition 

(b) API 650 – latest edition 

(c) API 650 – 4th edition 

(d) None of the above 

Q34. Three types of external inspections are: 

(a) Scheduled, routine and liquid penetrant 

(b) Scheduled, routine and UT thickness 

(c) Scheduled out of service, routine and UT thickness 

(d) Unscheduled, routine and liquid penetrant 


Q35. Welders qualifications shall expire as they do not weld: 

(a) Within a given process for a 6 month period 

(b) Using a given procedure for a 6 month period; 

(c) On a tank for 6 months; 

(d) For a 3 month period. 

Q36. What are penetrameters used for: 

(a) A penetrameter is used for radiographic technique in that it serves as 

an image quality indicator 

(b) It indicates the magnetic properties of the materials 

(c) To check penetrant quality in PT inspection 

(d) To check weld penetration during welding 


Q37. Unless otherwise agreed to by the purchaser, what is the minimum 

nominal width of a shell plate? 

(a) 36 inches 

(b) 48 inches 

(c) 72 inches (d) 96 inches 

Q38. “Each vertical weld must be radiographed (either spot or full 

radiography) for the bottom shell course (i.e., course no. 1) for all tanks 

constructed to current API 650 Basic Standard.” This statement is: 

a. False 

b. True 

c. Whether any radiography is required or not depends on shell thickness. 

d. Depends on tank design Engineer’s opinion 


Q39. According to ASME Sec. IX, welding filler metals are grouped into 

groupings (based on their usability) as: 

(a) P-numbers (b) F-numbers 

(c) Z-numbers (d) ASTM spec. 

Q40. When reviewing a radiograph, a light image of the letter B can be seen 

on the film with dark background. 

(a) This is cause for rejection 

(b) This is not cause for rejection 

(c) This is the same as a light letter B 

(d) An unusual safety hazard existed during the exposure 


Q41.Which of the following penetrant system is generally considered least 

sensitive? 

a. Water-washable – visible dye 

b. Solvent removable – visible dye 

c. Water-washable – fluorescent dye 

d. Post-emulsification – visible dye 

Q42.The nondestructive examination method to be used for a particular 

inspection should be determined by the: 

a. Availability of certified NDE examiners 

b. Length of time since the last inspection 

c. Age of the component to be inspected 

d. Type, location, and orientation of the expected flaws 


Q43. Out of the following four options in LPT, most sensitive results can be 

obtained by: 

a. Visible penetrant – water washable 

b. Fluroscent penetrant – post emulsifying type 

c. Visible – solvent removable type 

d. Visible – post emulsifying type 

Q44. A PQR was qualified in 5G position using a new welder. But production 

welding is to be done in 2G position. Which of the following are applicable as 

a minimum? 

a. Both procedure and welder shall be re-qualified in 2G position. 

b. The qualified procedure can be used ,only welder needs to be requalified 

c. The welder is qualified, but the procedure needs re-qualification 

d. Both procedure and welder need not be re-qualified. 


Q45. Minimum thickness evaluation may be conducted by? 

a. Use of an external micrometer only 

b. Ultrasonic testing 

c. D.P. Check 

b. None of above 

Q46. For procedure qualification documentation: 

a. WPS gives the procedure test data and results of tensile/bend test 

b. PQR gives ranges qualified by procedure test 

c. PQR gives procedure test data and WPS gives ranges qualified 

d. WPS and PQR both give test data and ranges qualified 


Q47. Identify correct statement from following: 

a. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure 

occurs at or above Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (SMTS) of base 

metal 

b. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure 

occurs above SMTS of base metal 

c. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed even if weld metal 

failure occurs above 95% ( ≥ 95%) of SMTS of base metal 


QW153-1 (d) if the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the weld or weld interface, the test shall be accepted as meeting the 

requirements, provided the strength is not more than 5% below the minimum specified tensile strength of the base metal. 

Q48. When using radiographs to qualify welder, the acceptance standards 

used are found in: 

a. ASME Section V 

b. ASME Section IX 

c. ASME Section VIII 

d. The referencing code 


Q49. An RBI assessment can be used to alter the internal inspection strategy 

provided: 

a) RBI is performed considering likelihood of failure and consequence of failure. 

b) The RBI is fully documented. 

c) A third party conducts the RBI. 

d) Both “a” and “b” above 

Q50. You are reviewing a WPQ for a welder. The test results indicate the 

following: 

a. Satisfactory side bend 

b. Face bend satisfactory 

c. Visual satisfactory 

Will these tests qualify the welder? 

a. Yes 

b. No, because bend tests are not correct type. 

c. Not enough information given 

d. No, because radiography is essential for welder qualification 




Exercise-011 

Assorted 


Q1) __________ is a change from previous operating conditions involving 

different properties of the stored product such as specific gravity or 

corrosivity and / or different service conditions of temperature and / or 

pressure" 

(a) Re-rating; (b) Change in service; 

(c) Repair; (d) Reconstruction 

REF : API-653, - 1.5.4 

ANS : (b) 

Q2) A __________ is a device used to determine the image quality of a 

radiograph. 

(a) A step wedge comparison film; (b) A densitometer; 

(c) A penetramter (d) All of the above. 

REF : Section V, T-233 

ANS : (c) 


Q3) A corroded roof plate is found to have an average thickness of 0.1" 

measured over an area of 100 sq. inches. This area shall be :- 

(a) Repaired or replaced; (b) Found to be acceptable; 

(c) Repair is prohibited; (d) Replacement is mandated 

REF : API-653, 2.2.1.2 

ANS : (b) 

Q4) A double-welded butt joint is defined as :- 

(a) A joint between two members that intersect at an angle between 

0 degrees (a butt joint) and 90 degrees (a corner joint). 

(b) A joint between two abutting parts lying in approximately the same 

plane that is welded from both sides. 

(c) A joint whose size is equal to the thickness of the thinner jointed 

member. 

(d) A joint between two overlapping members in which the overlapped 

edge is welded. 

REF : 650 3.1.1.1 ANS : (b) 


Q5) An external floating roof shall be provided with at least one manhole having 

a minimum inside diameter of __________ inches. 

(a) 18; (b) 15; (c) 24; (d) 30. 

REF : 650 APP. C. 3.11 

ANS : (c) 

Q6) A formal Visual External inspection by a qualified inspector shall be done 

At least :- 

(a) Every 5 years of ¼ CR life whichever is less 

(b) Every 5 years of ½ CR life whichever is less 

(c) Every 2 years 

(d) Every 1- years or ¼ CR life whichever is greater 

REF : 653 4.3.2.1 

ANS : (a) 


Q7) A full hydrostatic test (when required) shall be held for __________ 

hours :- 

(a) 24; (b) 8; (c) 18; (d) 12 

REF : 653 10.3.1.1 

ANS : (a) 

Q8) A full-fillet weld is a weld that :- 

(a) not less than 1/3 the thinner plate; 

(b) the legs equal the thickness of the thinner plate; 

(c) the largest isosceles triangle that can be inscribed within the cross 

section of the weld 

(d) is at least the thickness of the thicker plate 

REF : API 650 3.1.1.7 

ANS : (b) 


Q9) A hot tap in a 1.25" thick tank with a minimum metal temperature of 65 o F 

at time of hot tap, without having material toughness data is :- 

(a) not permitted; (b) permitted; 

(c) not enough information; (d) not addressed by the code 

REF : API 653 – 7.13.4 & Fig. 7-5 

ANS : (a) 

10.4.2.3 No welding of any kind shall be performed when the surfaces of the parts to be welded are wet from rain, 

snow, or ice; when rain or snow is falling on such surfaces; or during periods of high winds unless the welder and 

the work are properly shielded. No welding of any kind shall be performed when the temperature of the base metal 

is less than 0 °F. When the temperature of the base metal is between 0 °F and 32 °F or the thickness is in excess 

of 1 in., the base metal within 3 in. of the place where welding is to be started shall be heated to a temperature 

warm to the hand (approximately 140 °F) before welding. (See 10.4.4.3 for preheat requirements for shell plates 

over 1 1/2-in. thick.) 

Q10) A hydrostatic test for a relocated tank :- 

(a) may be waived by the Owner / Operator; (b) is required; 

(c) may be waived by the Inspector; (d) is not necessary 

REF : 653 10.3.1.1 (a) 

ANS : (b) 


Q11) A liquid penetrant examiner must have vision to enable him to read Jagger 

Type 2 standard chart at a distance of not less than 12 inches and is 

capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast between colours used. 

Examiners shall be checked __________ to ensure that they meet these 

requirements :- 

(a) Quarterly; (b) Semi-Annually; 

(c) Annually; (d) Bi-Annually. 

REF : 650 6.4.3 (a) 

ANS : (c) 

Q12) A procedure qualification record (PQR) shall address :- 

(a) non-essential variables; 

(b) essential variables; 

(c) supplemental essential variables (when required); 

(d) both (b) and (c) 

REF : IX QW-200.2 

ANS : (d) 


Q13) A radiograph is made using an X-ray source and two films in each film 

holder. For composite viewing, each film of the composite shall have a 

minimum density of :- 

(a) 4.0; (b) 1.8; (c) 2.0; (d) 1.3 

REF : Section V, T-282.1 

ANS : (b) (d?) 

Q14) A reconstructed tank with a total height of 25' has been determined to 

have an out-of-plumbness of 2 ¾". This is :- 

(a) acceptable; (b) unacceptable; 

(c) not covered by the code (d) corrected by eternal 

strengthening 


ANS : (a) 

Lesser of 5” or 25x12/100 = 3” 


Q15) A riveted tank shell with a butt joint has 3 rows. What is the joint 

efficiency ? 

(a) 0.75"; (b) 0.85"; (c) 0.90; (d) 0.91. 

REF : API-653, Table 2-1 

ANS : (b) 

Q16) A SAW welding operator is attempting to quality by radiography on a 6 

inch thick test coupon. Elongated slag inclusions are measured to be 0.2 

inch long. 

(a) Must weld 2 additional coupons; (b) meets the requirements (passes) 

(c) slag must not exceed 0.5" (d) slag is not acceptable. 

REF : Section IX, QW-191.2.2 

ANS : (b) 


Q17) A self-supporting cone roof :- 

(a) is formed approximately to the surface of a right cone; 

(b) both a and d 

(c) has columns and / or rafters on trusses 

(d) is supported at the periphery. 

REF : API 650 3.10.1 (a) 

ANS : (b) 

Q18) A shell to bottom fillet weld for a Grade IV material shall be 

(a) made with at least 2 passed; (b) may be made with 1 pass 

(c) shall be at least 3 / 16" (d) both (a) and (c) above 

REF : API 650 3.1.5.7 c 

ANS : (a) 

Q19) A single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a Cobalt-60 

source. The minimum permitted density in the area of interest is : 

(a) 4.0; (b) 1.8; (c) 2.0; (d) 1.3. 


ANS : (c) 


Q20) A supported cone roof :- 

(a) is formed approximately to the surface of a right cone; 

(b) both (a) and (c); 

(c) has columns and / or rafters on trusses; 

(d) is supported at the periphery 

REF : API 650 3.10.1 (a) 

ANS : (b) 

Q21) A tank bottom depression is 9.125" deep, radius of depression is 22.5 feet. 

What is the maximum depth of depression ? 

(a) 7.825"; (b) 8.062"; (c) 8.125"; (d) 8.325" 

REF : 653 APP. “B” B-6 

ANS : (d) 

B B = 0.37R = 0.37x 22.5 = 8.325” 


Q22) A tank bottom lining with a measured thickness of 15 mils should be tested 

with :- 

(a) A high voltage detector in accordance with NACE RP0188; 

(b) A low voltage (67.5 volts) wet sponge detector; 

(c) A calibrated Ultrasonic tester; 

(d) An Eddy Current lift-off detector; 

REF : API-652, 7.3.2 

ANS : (b) 

Q23) A weld shall be unacceptable by Visual Inspection if the inspection shows 

which of the following ? 

a) The weld has no crater cracks or other surface cracks. 

b) Undercutting exceeds the limits given in 5.2.1.4 for vertical or horizontal butt 

joints. 

c) The frequency of surface porosity in the weld does not exceed one cluster 

(one or more pores) in any four inches of length, and the diameter of each 

cluster does not exceed 3/32 inch. 

d) All of the above; 

REF : 650 6.5.1 

ANS : (b) 


Q24) A weld with a nominal thickness of 1.5 inch is to be radiographed using a 

film side penetrameter, hole type. The penetrameter designation should 

be :- 

(a) 25; (b) 30; (c) 35; (d) Both (a) and (b) are 

responsible; 


ANS : (a) 

Q25) A welder may deviate from the parameters specified in WPS if they are 

nonessential variables :- 

(a) Provided authorization from inspection is documented; 

(b) Provided the welding supervisor approves; 

(c) No; 

(d) Nonessential variables only apply to PQRs 

REF : Section IX, QW-200.1 

ANS : (c) 


Q26) A welder qualifies in the 3G position on a plate coupon, he is then qualified 

to weld in the position(s) on NPS 6 pipe :- 

(a) F, V; (b) F only; (c) F, V, O; (d) ALL 

REF : IX QW-461.9 

ANS : (b) 

Q27) A welder who is qualified using a double-groove weld :- 

(a) is also qualified to make a single V-groove weld without backing; 

(b) is also qualified to make a single V-groove weld with backing; 

(c) may weld in the 6G position; 

(d) must requalify every 2 months 


ANS : (b) 


Q28) A welder's ID must be placed at intervals not exceeding along completed 

welds :- 

(a) One foot; (b) One and a half feet; 

(c) Two feet; (d) Three feet. 


ANS : (d) 

Q29) A welding procedure qualified on ¼ inch thick plate can be used to weld 

groove welds in materials from to :- 

(a) 3/16 to 3/4; (b) 1/16 to 3/4; 

(c) 3/8 to 3/4; (d) 1/16 to 1/2. 

REF : QW-451.1 

ANS : (d) 


Q30) A welding procedure qualified on 3/8" thick plate can be used to weld 

groove welds in materials :- 

(a) 3/16 to 3/4; (b) 1/16 to 3/4; 

(c) 3/8 to 3/4; (d) 1/16 to 3/8. 

REF : IX QW-451.1 

ANS : (b) 

Q31) A welding procedure qualified under the 1965 ASME Code Section IX : 

(a) Is obsolete; 

(b) Is still applicable; 

(c) Must be re-qualified every 3 years when code is re-issued; 

(d) is not addressed by the code 

REF : Section IX Forward 

ANS : (b) 


Q32) Above-ground storage tank is defined as a stationary container with a 

barrel capacity greater than :- 

(a) 2000 barrels; (b) 300 barrels; 

(c) 500 barrels; (d) 750 barrels. 

REF : API 651-1.2.1 

ANS : (c) 

Q33) Acceptance standards for MT examination shall be per :- 

(a) AWS D-1.1; 

(b) SNT-TC-1A; 

(c) Appendix 6 of ASME Sect VII, div. 1 

(d) Article 7 of ASME Sect V 

REF :650 6.2.4 

ANS : (c) 


Q34) All tanks shall be given a formal visual external inspection by an inspector 

at least :- 

(a) every 3 years or at quarter corrosion rate; 

(b) every 5 years or at quarter corrosion rate; 

(c) every 3 years or at half corrosion rate; 

(d) every 5 years or at half corrosion rate. 

REF : API-653-4.3.2.1 

ANS : (b) 

Q35) An external inspection may be used as an alternative to the internal 

inspection only when :- 

(a) operations dictate; 

(b) construction allows external access to the tank bottom to determine 

thickness; 

(c) all insulation is removed from the tank; 

(d) no alternate is allowed. 

REF : 653 4.5 

ANS : (b) 


Q36) Anticipated minimum thickness of tank bottom where bottom / foundation 

design provides for leak detection and containment is :- 

(a) 0.10"; (b) 0.05"; (c) 0.09"; 

(d) same as without leak detection and containment. 

REF : API 653 Table 4-1 

ANS : (b) 

Q37) Radiographic location markers are to be placed 

(a) on the exposure holder / cassette; (b) on the part; 

(c) between the part and the film; (d) either (b) or (c) above 

REF :ASME Section V-T375 

ANS : (d) 


Q38) At what design metal temperature must impact tests be made for all weld 

metal and procedures to be used ? 

(a) Below 32 o F; (b) Below 20 o F; 

(c) Below 15 o F; (d) Below10 o F. 

REF : API 650-7.2.2.4 

ANS : (b) 

Q39) At what level is the atmosphere considered oxygen-deficient ? 

(a) less than 19.5 %; (b) less than 21.9 %; 

(c) less than 24.9 %; (d) less than 16.0 % 

REF : API 2015 – 3.3 

ANS : (a) 


Q40) Base metals are grouped into groupings according to their welding 

characteristics :- 

(a) F-number; (b) AWS; 

(c) A-number; (d) P-number. 

REF : IX QW-421 

ANS : (d) 

Q41) Based on a measured corrosion of 0.006" annually and using a corrosion 

allowance of 0.120", how long before the next UT thickness 

measurements are required ? 

(a) 10 years; 

(b) 36.5 years; 

(c) 20 years; 

(d) 15 years. 

REF : API-653 4.3.3.2 

ANS : (d) 


Q42) Based on variable-design point method, calculate the first course 

thickness, exclusive of CA, for a 200 foot diameter tank, purchaser 

specified specific gravity of 1, 56 feet in height, using 96 inch courses with 

material stress of 23,000 psi. Design is based on test conditions :- 

(a) 0.853; (b) 0.934; (c) 1.239; (d) 1.220 


ANS : (c) 

Q43) Before elevating the operating temperature of a shell tank to a temperatur 

above 200 degrees F, what document must be considered ? 

(a) API RP 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage; 

(b) API 650, Appendix M; 

(c) API RO 650, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Tanks; 

(d) Publication 2207, Preparing Tank Bottoms for Work. 


ANS : (b) 


Q44) Bimetallic corrosion can occur when :- 

(a) A bronze check valve is joined to steel piping; 

(b) Either stainless steel or copper is connected to a steel tank; 

(c) Neither (a) or (b); 

(d) Both (a) and (b). 

REF : API 651 2.2.2 

ANS : (d) 

Q45) Bottom leak detection :- 

(a) can be detected by installation of cathodic protection; 

(b) can be detected by observation at a tell-tale hole; 

(c) is a hazard that can not be detected; 

(d) never happens when lining are properly installed. 


ANS : (b) 


Q46) Bottoms exceeding 100' diameter in tanks operating above 200 o F shall 

have :- 

(a) butt-welded annular bottom plates; 

(b) be made of a Group IV, V or VI material; 

(c) have a modulus of elasticity of 30,000,000; 

(d) all of the above. 

REF : API 650< M.4.1 

ANS : (a) 

Q47) Hot works is defined as :- 

(a) Work than can lead to fever; 

(b) an operation that can produce a spark or flake hot enough to ignite 

flammable vapours; 

(c) an atmosphere between the LEL and UEL; 

(d) both (a) and (c) above. 

REF : API 2207, 1.1 

ANS : (b) 


Q48) Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from :- 

(a) A cathode to an anode; 

(b) An anode to a cathode; 

(c) Both installations are unacceptable; (d) Neither (a) or (b). 

REF : 651 5.2.1 

ANS : (b) 

Q49) Concrete rings shall be inspected for :- 

(a) broken concrete, spalling, cracks; (b) vegetation against tank; 

(c) holidays in paint; 

(d) only (a) and (b). 

REF : API 653 Appendix C, C.1.1.1 

ANS : (d). 

Q50) Construction, inspection and repair records shall be maintained by the :- 

(a) Manufacturer; (b) Inspector; 

(c) Owner / Operator; (d) Jurisdiction. 

REF : 653 11.2.1 

ANS : (c) 


Q51) Describe how a liquid penetrant examination should be performed in order 

to detect discontinuities, which are open to the surface :- 

a) clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, remove excess 

penetrant, inspect the part, clean the part; 

b) clean the part, apply the penetrant, remove excess penetrant, apply the 

developer, inspect the part, clean the part; 

c) clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, 

remove excess penetrant, clean the part; 

d) clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, 

clean the part. 

REF : Section V-T620 

ANS : (b) 

Q52) Determine the exact interval for ultrasonic thickness measurements for a 

tank with 17 mils of the original 25 mils corrosion allowance still remaining 

after 15 years ? 

(a) 5 years; (b) 15 years; (c) 23.875 years; (d) 31.875 years. 

REF : 653 4.3.3.2 (c) 

ANS : (b) 


Q53) Determine the maximum allowable height for a 90 foot diameter tank 

based on a maximum shell plate thickness of 0.5 inch and maximum 

allowable stress of 21,000 psi, with a joint efficiency of 0.85, and no 

corrosion allowance :- 

(a) 29.6; (b) 35.3; (c) 39.1; (d) 43.9 

REF : API 650-Table A-4 

ANS : (c) 

tmin = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE 

H= tminSE/(2.6xDG) +1 = 38.14’ 

Q54) Differential settlement leads to :- 

(a) potential floating roof hang up; 

(c) oval shape at the top; 

REF : API 653 Appendix B.2.2.3 

ANS : (d) 

(b) lack of circularity at the top; 



Q55) Distorted anchor bolts may indicate :- 

(a) overpressure uplift condition; (b) foundation settlement; 

(c) both (a) and (b) above; (d) anchor bolts do not distort. 

REF : API 653, 2.5.3 

ANS : (c) 

Q56) During an inspection, you are required to calculate the retirement 

thickness for the bottom course of a tank. The information available is as 

follows :- 

Diameter = 150 feet 

Height = 40 feet 

Specific gravity of contents = 0.77 

Joint efficiency = 0.7 

Material tensile strength is unknown 

Material tensile strength is unknown; 

Material maximum allowable stress is unknown. (used 23600) 

(a) 0.050; (b) 0.7141; (c) 0.500; (d) 0.5625 


ANS : (c) t min = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE = 0.472 


Q57) During hydrostatic test, no less than ______ settlement 

measurement points shall be surveyed :- 

(a) 8; (b) 10; (c) 15; (d) 5. 

REF : 653 10.5.1.2 

ANS : (a) 

Q58) E7018 electrodes are classified as F number :- 

(a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 4; (d) 5. 


ANS : (c) 


Q59) Essential variable on a welding procedure specification :- 

(a) those in which a change, as described in the specific variables, is considered 

to affect the mechanical properties of the weldment; 

(b) variable are listed in section IX of the ASME CODE; 

(c) both (a) and (b) above. 

(d) are the same for all procedures. 

REF : Section IX, QW 251.2 

ANS : (c) 

Q60) Examiners who perform ultrasonic examinations under API-650 shall be 

qualified and certified by the manufacturers as meeting the requirements of 

certification as outlined in ? 

(a) ASME; 

(b) ASNT-TC-1A; 

(c) API-650; 

(d) API-653. 

REF : 650 6.3.3 

ANS : (b) 


Q61) Except as modifed in Section 6 of API-650, the radiographic method 

employed shall be in accordance with which Section and article of the ASME 

code ? 

(a) Section II, Article 2; (b) Section III, Article 1; 

(c) Section V, Article 2; (d) Section IX, Article 1. 

REF : 650 6.1.3.1 

ANS : (c) 

Q62) Exclusive of corrosion allowance, what is the minimum nominal thickness 

for all new construction bottom plates ? 

(a) 1/2 inch; (b) 1/4 inch; (c) 3/16 inch; (d) 5/8 inch. 


ANS : (b) 


Q63) Existing shells shall be analysed by experienced personnel for :- 

a) fluid static head, internal and external pressure, wind loads, settlement and 

business needs; 

b) wind loads, settlement, fluid static head, internal and external pressure and 

nozzle loads; 

c) internal and external pressure, wind loads, fluid static head, settlement and if 

it convenient. 

d) only (a) and (b) above. 

REF : API 653, 2.3.1.2 

ANS : (b) 

Q64) External tank bottom inspection is permitted :- 

(a) when required by the inspector; 

(b) only when reassembly is being done. 

(c) where construction, size or other aspects allow; 

(d) is not permitted. 

REF : API-653, Table 4-1; 4.5 

ANS : (c) 


Q65) Find the capacity of a small tank, with a joint efficiency of 0.85, specific 

gravity = 1.0, no corrosion allowance, diameter is 40 feet, height is 30 feet 

with 5 completed 72" courses. 

(a) 5,370; (b) 5,140; (c) 6,710; (d) 7,350. 

REF : API 650 – Appendix A.2.2 Table A-1 

ANS : (c) 

C = 0.14D2H 

Q66) Flaws such as cracks in the weld in shell-to-bottom of a tank are :- 

(a) not critical; 

(b) acceptable if length is less than twice the width; 

(c) to be removed and repaired; 

(d) welded over without needing to be removed. 


ANS : (c) 


Q68) For a 30 inch shell manhole, 0.5 inches thick shell and reinforcing plate, 

what minimum neck thickness is required ? 

(a) 3/16; (b) 3/8; (c) 1/2; (d) 5/16. 

REF : API 650 – 3.7.5.1 (Table 3-5) 

ANS : (d) 


Q69) For an existing 150 foot diameter storage tank, which has been in service 

for 28 years, known joint efficiency is 1.0, contents have been the same, 

with a specific gravity of 1.0, material yield of plate is 30,000 and tensile 

strength is 55,000, liquid fill level is 50 feet, calculate the minimum 

allowable thickness for the second course :- used S =23600psi 

(a) 0.6789; (b) 0.7962; (c) 0.8056; (d) 0.8156. 


ANS : (d) 0.809” 

Q70) For butt-welded joints in which the thinner shell plate is 3/8 inch or less, 

how many spot radiographs shall be taken in the first 10 feet of completed 

vertical joint of each type and thickness welded by each welder or 

welding operator ? 

(a) One; (b) Two; (c) Three; (d) Four. 

REF : API 650 – 6.1.2.2 

ANS : (a) 


Q72) For impact testing materials, what is the minimum transverse value of 

Group IV materials, 1.5" thick ? 

(a) 13 foot – pounds; (b) 15 foot – ponds; 

(c) 20 foot – pounds; (d) 25 foot – pounds; 

REF : API-650 Table 2-4 

ANS : (c) 

Q73) For impact testing materials, what is the minimum longitudinal value for a 

1.8" thick A-516-70 as rolled material for a WPS ? 

(a) 50 foot – pounds; (b) 15 foot – pounds; 

(c) 42 foot – pounds; (d) 40 foot – pounds. 

REF : 650 7.2.2.5 or Table 2-3 

ANS : (c) 35 ft-lbf 


API573-70 


Q74) For new or repaired shell horizontal joints, how many radiographs shall be 

taken for each 50 feet of horizontal joint, not including those required at 

intersections of vertical and horizontal joints ? 

(a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 3; (d) 5. 


ANS : (a) 

Q75) For welds that attach nozzles, manholes, cleanout openings and 

permanent attachments, undercut shall not exceed ______ inch. 

(a) 3/32; (b) 1/8; (c) 3/16; (d) 1/64. 

REF : 650 6.5.1 

ANS : (d) 


Q76) Foundations of relocated tanks specified as true to horizontal plane 

without ringwalls shall be true :- 

(a) ± 1/8" in any 30' and ± 1/4" in the total circumference; 

(b) ± 1/8" in any 30' and ± 1/2" in the total circumference; 

(c) ± 1/8" in any 10' and ± 1/2" in the total circumference; 

(d) ± 1.4" in any 30' and ± 1/2" in the total circumference. 

REF : API 653 8.5.6.2 b 

ANS : (c) 

Q77) From what type of material should shims be fabricated when they are to 

be used to radiograph welds ? 

(a) Malleable materials capable of being drilled; 

(b) From the same heat number as the material being inspected; 

(c) Fabricated of radiographically similar material to the object to be inspected; 

(d) All of the above. 

REF : Section V, T277.3 

ANS : (c) 


Q78) Generally, tank bottom linings cover the entire tank bottom and extend 

____ inches up the shell of the tank :- 

(a) 10 – 15 inches; (b) 12 - 18 inches; (c) 18 – 24 inches; (d) 24 – 30 

inches. 

REF : API 652 4.4 

ANS : (c) 

Q79) Hot taps are not permitted :- 

(a) on the roof of a tank or within the gas / vapour space of a tank; 

(b) where heat of welding may cause environmental cracking; 

(c) (a) and (b); 

(d) (a) only. 

REF : API 653 – 7.13 

ANS : (c) 


Q80) Safe entry administrative controls include :- 

(a) an emergency plan; (b) atmospheric testing; 

(c) ventilation procedures; (d) all of the above. 

REF : API 2015, 2.1 

ANS : (d) 

Q81) How does the calculation of minimum thickness for a riveted tank shell 

differ from that of a welded tank shell :- 

a) The formula for the calculation of minimum thickness of a riveted tank shell is the 

same as for a welded tank shell except that the maximum allowable stress (S) is 

21,000 lbs / sq. inch and the efficiency equals 1 for the shell plate 6 inches away from 

rivets; 

b) The formula for the calculation of minimum thickness of a riveted tank shell is exactly 

the same for a welded tank; 

c) The formula for the calculation of minimum thickness of a riveted tank shell is the 

same as for a welded tank shell except the minimum allowable stress (S) is 21,000 

lbs /s q. inch and the efficiency equals 0.85 for the shell plate 6 inches away from the 

rivets. 

d) API does not set minimum thickness. 


ANS : (a) 


Q82) How many equally spaced measurement are required for the thickness 

averaging technique ? 

(a) 2; (b) 5; (c) 4; (d) 3. 


ANS : (b) 

Q83) How many impact specimens must be broken for an average value for P1, 

Group 1, 2, 3 material ? 

(a) 2; (b) 3; (c) 4; (d) 6. 


ANS : (b) 


Q84) How many inches must project beyond the outside edge of the weld 

attaching t he bottom sketch plate to the shell plate ? 

(a) At least 1/2 inch; 

(b) at least 2 inches; 

(c) At least 9/16 inch; 

(d) at least 1.0 inch 

REF : API 650 – 3.4.2 

ANS : (d) 

API650: 5.4 Bottom Plates 

5.4.1 All bottom plates shall have a corroded thickness of not less than 6 mm 

(0.236 in.) [49.8 kg/m2 (9.6 lbf/ft2) (see 4.2.1.2)]. Unless otherwise agreed to by 

the Purchaser, all rectangular and sketch plates (bottom plates on which the 

shell rests that have one end rectangular) shall have a nominal width of not less 

than 1800 mm (72 in.). 

5.4.2 Bottom plates of sufficient size shall be ordered so that, when trimmed, at 

least a 50 mm (2 in.) width will project outside the shell or meet requirements 

given in 5.1.5.7 d whichever is greater. 


Q85) How many settlement measurement points are required for a tank that 

measures 200 ft. in diameter ? 

(a) 30; (b) 8; (c) 21; (d) 10. 

REF : 653 APP. “B” B-2 

ANS : (c) 20 

N = D/10 

where 

D is the tank diameter, in feet (ft). 

N is the minimum required number of settlement measurement points, but no 

less than eight. All values of N shall be rounded to the next higher even whole 

number. The maximum spacing between settlement measurement points shall 

be 32 ft. 

Q86) How many specimens and impact tests must be performed from a single 

test coupon or test location ? 

(a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 3; (d) 4. 


ANS : (c) 


Q87) How many specimens must be broken for an average value for P1, Group 

1, 2, 3 material ? 

(a) 2; (b) 3; (c) 4; (d) 6. 

REF : 650 2.2.8.3 

ANS : (b) 

Q88) Hydrochloric acid may be formed by :- 

(a) Sodium and potassium; 

(b) Magnesium and calcium chlorides; 

(c) Calcium chlorides and sodium; (d) Potassium and Magnesium. 

REF : API Chapter II, 202.022 

ANS : (b) 

Q89) Hydrostatic tests shall be held for ____ hours :- 

(a) 2; (b) 8; (c) 24; (d) 72. 


ANS : (c) 


Q90) If penetrameters are not placed adjacent to the welds, what rules apply ? 

a) The penetrameter should be placed on the source side of the material 

b) being radiographed. 

c) The penetrameter may be placed on the film side of the material being 

d) radiographed. 

e) Lead letter "F" at least as high as the identification number is placed 

f) adjacent to the film side penetrameter; 

g) All of the above. 

REF : Section V, T277 

ANS : (d) 

Q91) In a radiographic film of a weld, how is film sensitivity or quality measured ? 

(a) by use of a penetrameter; 

(b) by film density; 

(c) comparing to known defects; (d) all of the above. 

REF : Section V, T282, T283 

ANS : (a) 


Q92) In a riveted tank shell, a butt joint has 3 rows. What is the joint efficiency ? 

(a) 0.75; (b) 0.85; (c) 0.90; (d) 0.91. 

REF : 653 Table 2-1 

ANS : (b) 

Q93) In accordance with Section V, intensifying screens :- 

(a) Can always be used; 

(b) Can be used unless restricted by the referencing Code; 

(c) Can never be used; 

(d) Can be used only with Type 1 film. 

REF : Section V T-232 

ANS : (b) 


Q94) In general, if shell thickness does not exceed ____ inch, it does not 

require further assessment for brittle fracture :- 

(a) 0.25; b) 0.75; (c) 1.00; (d) 0.50 

REF : 653 Notes for FIG. 3-1 

ANS : (d) 

Q95) In tank floors, the maximum depth of bulge or edge settlement is 

dependent upon :- 

(a) Floor thickness; (b) The radius of an inscribed circle in the area; 

(c) tank diameter; (d) Tank height. 

REF : 653 APP. “B” 

ANS : (b) 

Q96) Information needed when determining the rate of corrosion :- 

(a) Original thickness or last inspection thickness; 

(b) Current thickness; 

(c) Length of time in service; 


REF : AI 653, 

ANS : (d) 


Q97) Inspection history as required in the tank records is :- 

(a) all measurements taken, condition of all parts inspected and a record of all 

tests and examinations; 

(b) personnel certification; 

(c) training records; 

(d) the as built record from the erector. 


ANS : (a) 

Q98) ______ inspection may be substituted for a program of external UT 

thickness measurements :- 

(a) Hydrostatic; (b) External; (c) Acoustic; (d) Internal. 

REF : 653 4.3.3.3 

ANS : (d) 


Q99) Inspection of emergency P/V hatches includes :- 

(a) Servicing; 

(b) Removing oil from seals; 

(c) Action to prevent chattering; (d) Only (a) and (c) above. 

REF : API 653, appendix C.2.7.4 

ANS : (d) 

Q100) Inspection of insulation :- 

(a) is not required; 

(b) is done in routine in-service inspections; 

(c) requires material traceability records; 

(d) only (b) and (c) above. 


ANS : (b) 


Q101) Insulated tanks shall have their insulation removed :- 

(a) completely prior to inspection; 

(b) yearly; 

(c) from welded joints only; 

(d) to extent necessary to determine the external condition. 

REF : 653 4.3.2.2 

ANS : (d) 

Q102) Interference current problems in cathodic protection are can be 

approached by :- 

(a) drainage of collected current to sacrificial anodes; 

(b) design to mimnimise exposure; 

(c) provide metallic return of collected current to a foreign structured; 



ANS : (d) 


Q103) Internal inspection intervals are determined by corrosion rates. Normally, 

the corrosion rates govern :- 

(a) roof; (b) upper shell; (c) bottom; (d) lower shell. 


ANS : (c) 

Q104) Internal inspection intervals normally :- 

(a) are controlled by bottom corrosion rates; 

(b) shall not exceed 20 years; 

(c) owner / user is free to set any convenient material; 

(d) both (a) and (b) above. 


ANS : (d) 


Q105) Internal inspection is primarily to :- 

(a) all of the below; 

(b) Ensure that the bottom is not corroded and leaking; 

(c) Gather data for assessment; 

(d) Identify and evaluate bottom settlement. 

REF : API – 653, 4.4.1 

ANS : (a) 

Q106) Intervals between internal inspections shall be determined by the 

corrosion rate. Normally, bottom corrosion rates control the inspection 

interval. However, in no case shall the interval inspection interval exceed 

____ years :- 

(a) 10; (b) 15; (c) 20; (d) 25. 


ANS : (c) 


Quick Reminder 

Corrosiveness ohm/cm 

• 10000 progressive less corrosive 


Q107) Letters and numerals on nameplates shall not be less than inch high. 

(a) 5/32; (b) 5/16; (c) 3/16; (d) 1/8. 

REF : 650 8.1.1 

ANS : (a) 

Q108) Liquid penetrant examiners shall be qualified in accordance with ____ :- 

(a) ASME Section VIII, div. 1 Appendix 8. 

(b) API 650; 

(c) ASNT proc. SNT-TC-1A 

(d) ASME SECTION V, Art 6. 

REF : 650 6.4.3 

ANS : (b) 

Q109) Magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with a 

written procedure that is in compliance with the requirements of :- 

(a) ASME Section V, Art. 7; (b) ASME Sectin IX, Art. 2; 

(c) SNT-TC-1A; (d) Appendix C, API 653. 

REF : 650 6.2.1 

ANS : (a) 


Q110) Measurement of film thickness of tank bottom linings are taken :- 

(a) only when the film has completely dried; 

(b) both before and after the film has dried; 

(c) in accordance with ASNT; 

(d) only if there is reason to believe it is thin. 


ANS : (b). 

Q111) Minimum spacing between toes of welds for a radius (R) on a penetration 

and other welds of 1.25" plate must be :- 

(a) 6"; (b) 7.5"; (c) 3"; (d) 1.25" 

REF : API 653 Figure 7-1 

ANS : (b) 


Figure 9.1—Acceptable Details for Replacement of Shell Plate Material 


SSPC-SP1—Solvent Cleaning. 

SSPC-SP3—Power Tool Cleaning. 

SSPC-SP5 or NACE 1—White Metal Blast Cleaning. 

SSPC-SP6 or NACE 3—Commercial Blast Cleaning. 

SSPC-SP7 or NACE 4—Brush-Off Blast Cleaning. 

SSPC-SP10 or NACE 2—Near-White Blast Cleaning. 

SSPC-SP11—Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal. 


Q112) Minimum thickness calculation for shells of tanks 200 ft. or less in 

diameter shall be done using ____ :- 

(a) the variable design point method of API 650; 

(b) ASME section VII, div. 1; 

(c) the formula given in API 653; 

(d) either (a) or (c) may be used. 

REF : 653 2.3.3.2 

ANS : (d) 

Q113) Acceptance criteria for NDT of reconstructed tanks are to be in 

accordance with :- 

(a) ASME Section VIII; (b) ASME Section V; 

(c) API 653; (d) API 650. 

REF : API 650 6.1.5, 6.2.4, 6.3.4 

ANS : (d) 


Q114) Of the following welding processes, which one is not permitted for 

welding on above ground storage tanks :- 

(a) SMAW; (b) GMAW; (c) OFW; (d) SAW. 

REF : 650 5.2.1.1 ANS : (c) 

Q115) On plates more than 3/16 inch thick, the fillet weld thickness shall not be 

less than 1/3 the thickness of the thinner plat at the joint and shall be 

At least :- 


REF : API 650 – 3.1.3.3 ANS : (c) 

Q116) On the drawing that the manufacturer shall furnish the purchase, you 

would expect to see which of the following information :- 

a) The required shell thickness for both the design condition (including 

corrosiono allowance) and the hydrostatic test condition; 

b) The nominal thickness used; 

c) The material specification and allowable stresses; 

d) All the above. 

REF : 650 3.6.1.8 ANS : (d) 


Q117) Opening in tank shells larger than required to accommodate a _____ inch 

standard-weight coupling shall be reinforced :- 

(a) 1.0 inch; (b) 1.5 inch; (c) 2.0 inch; (d) 2.5 inch. 


ANS : (c) 

Q118) Pan-type, pontoon-type and double-deck-type are examples of :- 

(a) internal roofs; 

(b) external roofs; 

(c) both internal and external roofs; (d) roofs on tanks < 200' in dia. 

REF : API 650 appendixes C & H 

ANS : (c) 


Q119) Per API 650, calculation of shell thickness by the 1-foot method cannot 

be for tanks :- 

(a) under 200 ft. in diameter; (b) over 200 ft. in diameter; 

(c) under 150 ft. in diameter. (d) of any size. 

REF : 650 3.6.3.1 

ANS : (b) 

Q120) Pinhole leaks or porosity in tank bottom joints may be repaired by :- 

(a) grinding and out area; (b) penning over affected area; 

(c) applying additional weld bead over area; (d) mechanical caulking. 


ANS : (c) 


Q121) Piping connections such as nozzles shall be inspected for :- 

(a) structural adequacy; (b) thickness of component; 

(c) reinforcement; (d) all of the above. 


ANS : (d) 

Q122) Plate material thicker than ____ inches shall be normalised or quench 

tempered, killed, made to fine grain practice and impact tested :- 

(a) 2.00; (b) 1.75; (c) 1.50; (d) 1.00 

REF : 650 2.2.1.4 

ANS : (c) 

Q123) Plates found to be thinner than those in the course above it are :- 

(a) not allowed; 

(b) permitted; 

(c) permitted provided they were so designed; 

(d) need to be calculated for suitability for service. 


ANS : (a) 


Q124) Procedure qualification for welding on a tank of unknown or obsolete 

material shall be done using test coupons of :- 

(a) any P-1 material; 

(b) any similar type material; 

(c) material from the same P number grouping; (d) actual material from the 

tank. 

REF : 653 9.1.2 

ANS : (d) 

Q125) Procedure requirements for ultrasonic examination of welds :- 

(a) shall be performed to a written procedure; (b) approved by ASNT; 

(c) proven to the satisfaction of the inspector; (d) both (a) and (c) above. 

REF : Section V, T150 c 

ANS : (d) 

Q126) Pure hydrocarbon fluids :- 

(a) usually cause corrosion; 

(b) both (a) and (b); 


ANS : (d) 

(b) require special corrosion control; 

(c) (d) are usually not corrosive. 


Q127) Radiographic acceptance standards are found in :- 

(a) ASME Section VIII, div. 1, para UW-51; 

(b) ASME Section V, Article 2; 

(c) API 650, Section 3; 

(d) API 653, Appendix D. 

REF : 650 6.1.5 

ANS : (a) 

Q128) Reinforcement pads shall be tested by applying pressure between the 


used to perform this inspection :- 

(a) 15 psig hydrostatic pressure; (b) 15 psig pneumatic pressure; 

(c) 5 psig hydrostatic pressure; (d) 5 psig pneumatic pressure. 


ANS : (b) 


Q129) Repairs of cracks in the shell-to-bottom :- 

(a) are only necessary if they exceed 0.25" in length; 

(b) are performed on an individual basis, according to extent of damage; 

(c) may be welded over and left as is without reinspection; 

(d) both (b) and (c) above. 


ANS : (b) 

Q130) Resistivity of surrounding soil may be used to determine the probability of 

corrosion on tank bottoms. Which of the following resistivity ranges is 

considered to be very corosive :- 

(a) < 500; (b) 500 – 1000; 

(c) 1000 – 2000; (d) < 10,000 

REF : API 651 – 3.3.1.3 (Table – 1) 

ANS : (a) 


Q131) Rewelding vertical joints requires cutting horizontal welds back from the 

joint a minimum of ____ inches :- 

(a) 1/2; (b) 1; (c) 2; (d) 12. 

REF : API 653 Figure 7-1 

ANS : (d) 

132) Flame arresters are to be inspected :- 

(a) semi-annually; 

(b) annually; 

(c) at intervals determined by experience locally; 

(d) every 5 years. 

REF : API Chapter XIII 13.4.2.11 

ANS : (c) 


Q133) Routine visual inspection by Owner / Operator personnel shall be done at 

least :- 

(a) annually; (b) bi-monthly; (c) monthly; (d) semi-annually. 

REF : 653 4.3.1.2 

ANS : (c) 

134) With a vertical sweep board 36 inches long, banding on reconstructed 

tanks shall not exceed ____ inch(s) :- 

(a) 1/2"; (b) 3/4"; (c) 1"; (d) 1 ½". 


ANS : (c) 

Q135) Scheduled external inspections shall be performed at least :- 

(a) the lesser of every 5 years of 1/2 corrosion rate of the shell life; 

(b) the lesser of every 5 years or 1/4 corrosion rate of the shell life; 

(c) the lesser of every 10 years or 1/2 corrosion rate of the shell life; 

(d) the lesser of every 10 years or 1/4 corrosion rate of the shell life. 


ANS : (c) (b?) 


Q136) Seal material shall be placed :- 

(a) between the outer periphery of the roof and the tank shell; 

(b) around columns, ladders and gauge pipes that penetrate the deck; 

(c) the seal shall be flexible; 


REF : API 650 Appendix H.3.5 

ANS : (d) 

Q137) Shell penetrations experiencing corrosion must be assessed and :- 

(a) tank rerated; (b) repair procedures established; 

(c) tank removed from service; (d) both (a) and (b) above. 


ANS : (d) 

Q138) Small punctures in floating roof systems :- 

(a) may be ignored if they have been determined to be non-critical; 

(b) shall be repaired; 

(c) shall be replaced; 

(d) Either (b) or (c) above. 


ANS : (d) 


Q139) Tack welds shall be made using a procedure qualified in accordance with 

ASME Section IX :- 

(a) Fillet weld; (b) Groove or fillet weld; (c) Special; (d) Butt weld. 

REF : 650 5.2.1.8 

ANS : (b) 

Q140) Tank grounding shunts shall be inspected :- 

(a) visually; 

(b) infrared camera; 

(c) by a certified electrician; (d) need no inspection. 


ANS : (a) 

Q141) Tanks reconstructed in accordance to API-653 shall be identified with a 

corrosion-resistant metal nameplate with letters not less than ____" high :- 

(a) 5/32; (b) 7/32; (c) 9/32; (d) 3/32. 

REF :-653, 11.1.1 

ANS : (a) 


Q142) Tests for leaks in reinforcing plate welds require ____ psig :- 

(a) upto 2.5; (b) upto 15; (c) upto 21; (d) upto 30. 

REF : API 653/10.4 & 650 5.3.5 

ANS : (b) 

Q143) The "critical zone" for tank bottom repairs is the area within the annular 

plate ring, within inches of the shell or within inches of the inside edge of 

the annular plate ring:- 

(a) 12, 6; (b) 6, 12; (c) 12, 12; (d) 6, 6 

REF : 653, 7.9.11 

ANS : (c) 


Q144) The "L" in actual thickness determination for each shell course : 

(a) may be greater than 40"; 

(b) is valid only when corroded area is less than 40"; 

(c) applies even if corroded area is greater than L; 

(d) requires converting "D" from feet to inches. 

REF : API 653, 2.3.2.1 See Note 

ANS : (c) 

145) The 6 G position for welding is a :- 

(a) Qualification position; (b) Production welding position; 

(c) Rod position; (d) Rank position. 

REF : IX QW-120 

ANS : (a) 

Q146) The API 653 standard covers the maintenance inspection, repairs, 

alteration, relocation and reconstruction of tanks constructed to which one 

of the following standards :- 

(a) ASME; (b) API 651; (c) API 65; (d) API 650. 

REF : 653 1.1.1 

ANS : (d) 


Q147) The assessment period for inspection of tank bottom integrity is :- 

(a) is always 5 years; 

(b) is fixed by corrosion rate; 

(c) less than or equal to the appropriate internal inspection interval given 

in API-653 4.4.2 

(d) determined by the designer. 


ANS : (c) 

Q148) The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 inches 

of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a :- 

(a) minor alteration; 

(b) minor repair; 

(c) major alteration; 

(d) major repair. 

REF : 653 10.3.1.2 (c) 

ANS : (d) 


Q149) The definition of a confined space is :- 

(a) large enough to enter; 

(b) restricted means of entry; 

(c) not designed for continuous occupancy; 

(d) (d) all of the above are required. 

REF : API 2015 1.4 

ANS : (d) 

Q150) The determining factor for intervals between internal and external 

inspections :- 

a) Change of service to a higher specific gravity; 

b) Tank service history provided earlier inspection is not required by special 

reasons; 

c) Corrosion activity either known or suspected. 

d) Governmental regulations 

REF : 653 4.4.2.1 

ANS : (b) 


Q151) The difference between peaking and banding is :- 

(a) peaking pertains to the roof; 

(b) (b) banding is external to the tank; 

(c) peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to horizontal weld 

seams; 

(d) peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical weld 

seams. 

REF : General Knowledge 

ANS : (c) 

Q152) The first checks for tanks out-of-service are :- 

(a) (b) and (d) below; (b) cleaned, gas freed and safe for entry; 

(c) hammer test the roof; (d) complete isolation. 

REF : API 653 Table C-2.1 a & b 

ANS : (a) 


Q153) The flammable range is when a vapour exists :- 

(a) above the ambient temperature; 

(b) between the lower flammable limit and the upper flammable limit; 

(c) between the extremes of the lower flammable limit; 

(d) between the extremes of the upper flammable limit; 

REF : API 20151.3.10 

ANS : (b) 

Q154) The formula for maximum bulge or depression of a tank bottom is :- 

(a) B = 0.37 R, gives an Answer in feet; 

(b) B = 0.37 R gives an Answer in inches; 

(c) B + 0.37" is the minimum; 

(d) B = 0.37 + R 

REF : API 653 B.3.3 

ANS : (d) (b?) 


Q155) The general shape of gas cavities on a radiograph : 

(a) appear darker in contrast with areas of defect-free material; 

(b) are generally round in shape; 

(c) are acceptable; 

(d) both a and b. 


ANS : (d) 

Q156) The Heat Affected Zone is :- 

(a) that portion of the base metal which has not been melted; 

(b) whose mechanical properties or micro structures have been altered by the 

heat of welding; 

(c) is least likely to contain discontinuities; 

(d) both (a) and (b) above. 

REF : Section IX, QW-492 

ANS : (d) 


Q157) The inspection interval for a tank is determined by :- 

(a) size; (b) service history; 

(b) the manufacturer; (d) type of tank. 

REF : 653 4.2.2 

ANS : (b) 

Q158) The lower flammable limit (LFL) is the concentration of a flammable 

vapour in air that will ignite :- 

(a) approximate; (b) maximum; (c) average; (d) minimum. 

REF : 2015 1.3.1 

ANS : (d) 

Q159) The maximum acceptable undercutting for base metal in repaired or 

altered horizontal welds is :- 

(a) 1/64"; (b) 1/32"; (c) 1/16"; (d) 1/8" 


ANS : (b) 


Q160) The maximum acceptable undercutting for base metal in vertical welds 

is :- 

(a) 1/64"; (b) 1/32"; (c) 1/16"; (d) 1/8, 

ANS : (a) 

Q161) The maximum interval between internal inspections shall not exceed 

____ 

years :- 

(a) 10; (b) 20; (c) 5; (d) 15. 

REF : 653 4.4.2.1 

ANS : (b) (25 W.O RPB/ 30 RBB) 

Q162) The maximum spacing between settlement measurement points shall 

be :- 

(a) 30 ft.; (b) 20 ft.; (c) 40 ft.; (d) 25 ft. 

REF : 653 APP. “B” 

ANS : (a) (32’) 


Q163) The minimum dimension for replacement shell plate is 12 times t or ____ 

inches :- 

(a) 8; (b) 18; (c) 6; (d) 12. 


ANS : (d) 

Q164) The minimum (maximum) interval for external inspection by a qualified 

inspector is 

____ years or at the quarter corrosion-rate life of the shell, whichever is less :- 

(a) Twenty; (b) Five; (c) Ten; (d) Fifteen. 

REF : API-653, 4.3.2.1, 4.4.2.1 

ANS : (b) 


Q165) The minimum size of a fillet weld is which of the following :- 

(a) On plate 3/16 inch thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates 

more than 3/16 inch thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than 1/3 the 

thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 3/16 inch. 

(b) On plate 5/16 inch thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates 


thickness of the thinner plate at hte joint and shall be at least 3/16 inch. 

(c) On plate 3/16 inch thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates 


thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 5/16 inch. 

(d) On plate 1/4 inch thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than 1/3 the 

thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 1/4 inch. REF : 

API-650 3.1.3.3 

ANS : (a) 

Q166) The minimum thickness of an annular plate ring is usually greater than :- 

(a) 0.10; (b) 0.25; (c) 0.0625; (d) 0.1875. 

REF : 653 2.4.8.1 

ANS : (a) 


Q167) The permissible exposure limit (PEL) is the maximum ____ time-weighed 

average of any airborne contaminant to which an employee may be 

exposed :- 

(a) 8 hour; (b) 24 hour; (c) 4 hour; (d) 1 hour. 

REF : 2015 1.3.8 

ANS : (a) 

Q168) The proper method for dismantling tank bottoms that are to be reused 

shall be cut by:- 

(a) deseaming of lap welds; 

(b) cutting alongside remaining welds at a minimum of 2 inches from existing 

welds; 

(c) cutting alongside remaining welds at a minimum of 3 inches from existing 

welds; 

(d) Both (a) and (b) are acceptable. 

REF : API 653-8.3.2.1 

ANS : (d) 


Q169) The purchaser has not specified the use of 1-foot method for calculating 

thickness and L/H≤ 2, therefore, what is the shell plate thickness for the first 

course for the following tank design ? 

Height = 40 feet 

Diameter = 260 feet 

Stress @ test condition = 30,000 psi 

Specific gravity = 1.0 

Course Length = 8 feet 

Corrosion Allowance = 0 

Joint Efficiency = .0 

(a) 1.209"; (b) 1.171"; (c) 0.856"; (d) 1.038“ 

REF : 650 3.6.4.3 Table K-2 

ANS : (c) 

Q170) The purpose of electrical grounding of A/C power connections is :- 

(a) protect against lightening; (b) corrosion control for tank bottoms; 

(c) personal safety; 

(d) corrosion control for tank shells; 


ANS : (c) 


Q171) The root opening for square grooves for butt-welded bottom plate shall 

not be less than :- 



ANS : (b) 

Q172) The sequence of welding of the shell-to-bottom :- 

(a) is the welder's option; 

(b) is not addressed; 

(c) is completed after the bottom joints are fully welded; 

(d) must be completed before the welding of bottom joints. 


ANS : (d) 


Q173) The shell plate formula t min = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE 

(a) only (b) and (c) below; 

(b) is only valid if tmin is not les than 0.1"; 

(c) applies only to tanks less than 200' in diameter; 

(d) does not apply to riveted construction. 


ANS : (c) (a?) 

Q174) The tank shall be cleaned and ____ prior to commencement of 

dismantling :- 

(a) gas-freed; (b) inspected; (c) surveyed; (d) cleaned; 

REF : API-653, - 8.2 

ANS : (a) 

Q175) The thickness to be used for each shell course when checking the tank 

design after reconstruction shall be based on measurements taken within 

____ days prior to relocation :- 

(a) 45; (b) 90; (c) 180; (d) 360. 


ANS : (c) 


Q176) The types of tanks covered by API 653 are :- 

(a) non-refrigerated; 

(b) vertical, cylindrical, above ground closed and open top; 

(c) built to API 650 and 12 C; 


REF : API 650-1.1.1 and 653-1.1.1 

ANS : (d) 

Q177) The upper flammable limit (UFL) is the concentration of a flammable 

vapour in air that will ignite :- 

(a) approximate; (b) maximum; (c) average; (d) minimum. 

REF : 2015 1.3.2 

ANS : (b) 

Q178) The variable design point method shall be used for tanks greater than 

____ in diameter :- 

(a) 50'; (b) 200'; (c) 150'; (d) 200'. 


ANS : (d) 


Q179) Thick-film internal linings :- 

(a) are frequently used as an alternative to replacing the steel bottom; 

(b) are prohibited from use as an alternative to replacing the steel bottom; 

(c) removes the need for external cathodic protection; 

(d) removes the need for external anodic protection. 


ANS : (a) 

Q180) Thickness readings taken on a tank shell after 5 years of service show a 

minimum thickness of 0.420 inches. The data sheet shows the original 

thickness as 0.5 inches. What is the corrosion rate for the tank :- 

(a) 0.008; (b) 0.0016; (c) 0.016; (d) 0 


ANS : (c) 


Q181) Three different methods of conducting "Visual Examinations" (VT) :- 

(a) Direct, indirect and previously recorded; 

(b) Translucent, direct and previously recorded; 

(c) Translucent, direct and indirect or (remote visual examination) 


REF : Sec. V, T940, T941, T942, T943 

ANS : (c) 

Q182) Three types of external inspections are :- 

(a) scheduled, routine and liquid penetrant; 

(b) scheduled, routine and UT thickness; 

(c) scheduled out of service, routine and UT thickness; 

(d) unscheduled, routine and liquid penetrant. 

REF : API 653-4.3.1, 4.3.2 & 4.3.3 

ANS : (b) 


Q183) To be an alteration a nozzle must be :- 

(a) 12" or greater NPS nozzles; (b) greater than 12" NPS nozzles; 

(c) greater than 2" NPS nozzles; (d) greater than 10" NPS nozzles. 

REF : API 653, 1.5.1 (a) 

ANS : (b) 

Q184) To be certified under the program which of the following educational and 

experience requirements must be met :- 

(a) A degree in engineering plus 6 months of experience in inspection of tanks, 

pressure vessels, or piping; 

(b) A two-year certificate in engineering or technical college and two years of 

experience in construction, repair, operation, or inspection of tanks, pressure 

vessels or piping; 

(c) The equivalent of a high school education and three years of experience in 

construction, repair, operation or inspection of which one year must be in 

inspection of tanks, pressure vessels or piping; 

(d) Four years of experience in the inspection of above ground storage tanks in 

petroleum / chemical industries. 

REF : 653 4.10 

ANS : (c) 


Q185) To evaluate tank settlement, elevation measurements are performed and 

compared with measurements marked just after construction. Where are 

these measurements made ? 

(a) Tank circumference, tank height; (b) Tank diameter, tank height; 

(c) Tank height, tank base; (d) Tank circumference, tank diameter. 

REF : API-653, Appendix B.2. 

ANS : (d) (?) 

Q186) To qualify a GMAW, short circuit transfer, welding procedure :- 

(a) Radiography may be used; 

(b) Tension tests and transverse bend test are required; 

(c) May be omitted if another manufacturer has a qualified WPS; 

(d) Require bend tests only. 


ANS : (b) 


Q187) Top decks of external floating roofs (double deck or pontoon type) which 

are designed with are designed with a permanent slope for drainage shall 

have a minimum slope of ____ inch in 12 inches :- 

(a) 3/16; (b) 1/2; (c) 1/4; (d) 3/8. 

REF : API-650 APP-C C.3.3.4 

ANS : (a) (1:64) 

Q188) Underun on plate not more than inch from the computed design thickness 

or minimum permitted thickness is acceptable :- 

(a) 0.01; (b) 0.02; (c) 0.03; (d) 0.04. 

REF : API 650, 2.2.1.2.3 

ANS : (a) 


Q189) Unless otherwise agreed to by the purchaser, what is the minimum 

nominal width of a shell plate ? 

(a) 36 inches; (b) 48 inches; (c) 72 inches; (d) 96 inches. 

REF : 650 3.6.1.2 

ANS : (c) (72’ x 48’) 

Q190) UT examination methods shall be in accordance with :- 

(a) ASME Code Section V, Article 5; (b) ASME Code Section II, Article 5; 

(c) API 653; (d) ASME Code Section IX, Article 2. 

REF : 650 6.3.1 

ANS : (a) 

Q191) Vertical welds must be fully radiographed if the shell thickness exceeds 

inches :- 

(a) 3/4; (b) 1; (c) 1 1/4; (d) 1 1/2. 

REF : API-650 6.1.2.2 (C) 

ANS : (b) 


Q192) Visual examination shall be done in accordance with :- 

(a) ASME Section V, Article 9; (b) API 650; 

(c) AWS Guidelines; 

(d) ASME B-31.1, Chapter VI. 

REF : 650 5.2.1.8 & 6.5 

ANS : (b) (b-ok) 

Q193) Welded joints that have experienced metal loss due to corrosion :- 

(a) must be X-Rayed prior to further use; 

(b) may be repaired by welding; 

(c) may be repaired by grinding; 



ANS : (b) 

Q194) Welder identification is not required for :- 

(a) lap welds; 

(b) corner joints; 

(c) fillet welds around opening; (d) roof plate welds. 

REF : 650 7.4 

ANS : (d) (d-ok) 


Q195) Welder or welding operator's identification marks shall be located 

adjacent to completed welds at intervals not exceeding :- 

(a) 9 feet; 

(b) 6 feet; 

(c) 3 feet; 

(d) As identified on the approved welding procedure specification. 


ANS : (c) 

Q196) Welders qualifications shall expire as they do not weld :- 

(a) within a given process for a 6 month period; 

(b) using a given procedure for a 6 month period; 

(c) on a tank for 6 months; 

(d) for a 3 month period. 


ANS : (a) 


Q197) Welding filler metals are grouped into groupings based on their AWS 

classification:- 

(a) P-numbers; (b) F-numbers; 

(c) Z-numbers; (d) ASTM spec. 


ANS : (b) 

Q198) Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), and welders and welding 

operators must be qualified in accordance with ____ :- 

(a) API-653; 

(b) API-650; 

(c) Section V of the ASME; (d) Section IX of the ASME 


ANS : (d) 


Q199) Welding procedures are qualified in accordance with ____ 

(a) ASME Section IX, Art. 3; (b) ASME Section V, Art. 2; 

(c) ASME Section IX, Art. 2; 

(d) AWS D-1.1 

REF : IX Article 2 

ANS : (c) 

Q200) What are penetrameters used for :- 

(a) A penetrameter is used for evaluating radiographic technique in that it serves 

as an image quality indicator; 

(b) It indicates the magnetic properties of the materials; 

(c) Is the same as penetration in Ultrasonic Inspection; 


REF : SECTION V, T233, T262 

ANS : (a) 


Q201) What are the two general approaches for determining minimum 

thicknesses of tank bottom plate and briefly describe their differences :- 

(a) Deterministic and Probabilistic; 

(b) Probabilistic and Actualistic; 

(c) Actualistic and Deterministic; 

(d) Variable design and Actual thickness determination. 


ANS : (a) 

Q202) What are the two methods of guided-bend tests permitted by ASME 

Section IX ? 

(a) Bottom ejection method and Wrap around method; 

(b) Top ejection method and Bottom ejection method; 

(c) Side ejection method and Wrap around method; 

(d) All to the above. 

REF : Section IX, QW-162 

ANS : (a) 


Q203) What diameter bolt circle is required and how many bolts for a 24 inch 

roof manhole? 

(a) 26.0 inch diameter bolt circle and 18 bolts; 

(b) 25.5 inch diameter bolt circle and 20 bolts; 

(c) 27.5 inch diameter bolt circle and 16 bolts; 

(d) 27.5 inch diameter bolt circle and 20 bolts. 


ANS : (d) 

Q204) What F number is E70T1 electrodes classified as :- 

(a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 4; (d) 6. 

REF : QW-432 

ANS : (d) 



Q205) What is calcination :- 

(a) An accumulation of a mineral coating on the lining of the tank; 

(b) Increase of water of hydration; 

(c) Loss of water of hydration; 

(d) Form of tank deterioration. 


ANS : (c) 

Q206) What is meant by "non destructive examination" of a welded joint ? 

(a) An examination of a welded joint that will disclose surface and subsurface 

discontinuities without physical harm to the welded joint; 

(b) An examination of a bolted joint; 

(c) An examination of a welded joint that will disclose surface and subsurface 

discontinuities that may cause physical harm to the welded joint. 

(d) An examination of a welded joint that will disclose only surface 

discontinuities without physical harm to the welded joint. 

REF : Section V, T110 

ANS : (a) 


Q207) What is MRT2 as used by the deterministic method ? 

(a) Minimum remaining thickness due to maximum internal pitting and average 

external pitting; 

(b) Maximum remaining thickness that can be used for calculations; 

(c) Maximum reported thickness minus all corrosion; 

(d) Minimum remaining thickness due to average internal p itting and 

maximum external pitting. 

REF : 2.4.7.1 

ANS : (a) (?) 

Q208) What is the 42 gallon barrel capacity of a tank 110 feet in diameter, 

24 feet high, joint efficiency is 0.85, specific gravity = 1.0, 

corrosion allowance = 0. 

(a) 34,303; (b) 38,909; (c) 39,910; (d) 40,656. 

REF : API 650 – Appendix A Table A-1 C = 0.14D2H 

ANS : (d) (C = 0.14D 2 H) 


Q209) What is the allowable stress at root of anchor bolt threads for a tank with 

a design pressure up to 2.5 psig ? Uplift is based on tank design pressure 

and wind. 

(a) 15,000; (b) 20,000; (c) 25,000; (d) 30,000. 

REF : API 650 – F.7, Table F-1 

ANS : (b) 

Q210) What is the capacity of a tank 110 feet in diameter, 24 feet high, joint 

efficiency is 0.85, specific gravity is 1.0, corrosion allowance = 0 ? 

(a) 34,303; (b) 38,909; (c) 39,910; (d) 40,656. 

REF : 650 Table A-1 

ANS : (d)(C = 0.14D 2 H) 

Q211) What is the distance from the centre pipe to shell for a 3 inch nominal 

pipe size, 36 diameter draw off sump, which is 18 inched deep ? 

(a) 2.1875'; (b) 3.2343'; (c) 5.0000'; (d) 5.3780' 

REF : API 650 - 3.8.6 

ANS : (c) 



Q212) What is the distance in inches, that both a roof plate or a shell bottom 

must be cut from the weld when dismantling a shell tank :- 

(a) One; (b) Two; (c) Four; (d) Six. 

REF : API-653, 8.3.2; API-653, 8.3.4.1 

ANS : (b) 

Q213) What is the expected service life for a properly applied tank bottom lining 

? 

(a) 5 – 10 years; (b) 10 – 15 years; 

(c) 10 – 20 years; (d) 20 – 30 years. 

REF : API 652 3.6 and 8.1 

ANS : (c) 

Q214) What is the flammable range for Methane ? 

(a) 1 – 5; (b) 2 – 8; (c) 2 – 9; (d) 5 – 15. 

REF : 2015 – 3.2 (Table – 1) 

ANS : (d) 


Q215) What is the maximum acceptable undercutting of new constructed base 

metal for vertical butt joints ? 


REF : API 650 - 5.2.1.4 

ANS : (d) 

Q216) What is the maximum acceptable undercutting of new construction base 

metal for horizontal joints ? 



ANS : (c) 


Q217) What is the maximum depth of a depreciation, oval in shape, which 

measures 18 feet long by 11 feet wide ? 

(a) 6.6"; (b) 24.42"; (c) 4.07"; (d) 2.035". 

REF : 653 APP. “B” B-5 

ANS : (d) (BB=0.37R = 2.035) 

Q218) What is the maximum depth of edge settlement if the distance from the 

inside of the shell to the bend point of the depression is 7 feet ? 

(a) 2.59"; (b) 1.295"; (c) 5.18"; (d) 31.08". 

REF : 653 APP. “B” 

ANS : (a) (D=?) 


Q219) What is the maximum interval between external UT thickness 

measurements for a tank, given the following information ? Remaining CA 

= 0.064", Corrosion rate is 0.008" per year. 

(a) 5 yrs; (b) 4 yrs; 

(c) 8 yrs; (d) 3 – 1/2 yrs. 

REF : 653 4.3.3.2 

ANS : (b) 

Q220) What is the maximum out-of-plumbness of a new tank from the top of 

shell relative to the bottom of the shell ? 

(a) 1/100 of the total tank height; (b) 1/50 of the total tank height; 

(c) 1/60 of the total tank height; (d) 1/200 of the total tank height. 


ANS : (d) 


Q221) What is the maximum reinforcement allowed on a 1/2" thick vertical butt 

weld made on a reconstructed tank ? 

(a) 3/16; (b) 3/32; (c) 1/8; (d) 1/4. 


ANS : (b) 

Q222) What is the maximum spacing between settlement measurement points ? 

(a) 20 feet; (b) 30 feet; (c) 35 feet; (d) 50 feet. 


ANS : (b) (32) 

Q223) What is the maximum thickness of weld reinforcement for a 0.5625 inch 

plate ? 

(a) 1/16; (b) 3/32; (c) 1/8; (d) 3/16. 


ANS : (b) (RT?) 


Q224) What is the minimum acceptable shell plate thickness for a tank shell 

made of A 283 grade C material, 70 feet in diameter and 50 feet high ? 

Specific gravity of contents is 0.8. Original joint efficiency was 100 %. 

(a) 0.356; (b) 0.339; (c) 0.480; (d) 0.304. 


ANS : (d) (S=23600, t min =0.302”) 

Q225) What is the minimum allowable density through the image of the 

penetrameter for radiographs made with a 2000 kv tube ? 

(a) 1.8 – 4.0; (b) 1.3 – 2.8; (c) 2.0 – 4.0; (d) 1.3 – 1.8; 

REF : Sec. V, T-282.1 ANS (a) 

REF : Sec. V, T-282.1 

ANS : (b) 2.0 – 4.0 (for any gamma source – anything besides a tube) 

(a?) 


Q226) Windgirders are evaluated for :- 

(a) Corrosion of structural elements; (b) attachment welds; 

(c) the same evaluation as for shell stiffeners; (d) all of the above. 


ANS : (d) 

Q227) What is the minimum nominal shell thickness required when the normal 

tank diameter is less than 50 feet ? 

(a) 3/16; (b) 1/4; (c) 5/16; (d) 3/8. 


ANS : (a) 

Q228) What is the minimum nominal thickness for bottom plates, exclusive of 

any 

corrosion allowance ? 


REF : 650 3.4.1 

ANS : (b) 


Q229) What is the minimum number of settlement measurement points ? 

(a) 4; (b) 6; (b) 8; (d) 10. 


ANS : (c) 

Q230) What is the minimum permissible design metal temperature for a 280 foot 

diameter tank, 75 feet high, tank radius is 1,680 inches, plate material 

ordered is 1.125" (including corrosion allowance) A 516 – 555 as rolled, 

killed fine-grain practice without impact testing :- 

(a) + 8; (b) 0; 

(c) – 4; (d) All Material must be impact tested. 

REF :API 650 - 2.2.9.2 (Fig. 2-1) 

ANS : (c) 

Q231) What it the minimum permitted density of radiographic film using an 

Iridium source ? 

(a) 2.0; (b) 1.8; (c) 1.3; (d) 4.0 

REF : V-T282.1 

ANS : (a) 


Q232) What is the minimum required number of settlement measurement points 

for a 200' diameter tank ? 

(a) 10; (b) 8; (c) 21; (d) 20. 


ANS : (c) (d?) 

Q233) What is the minimum thickness of bolting flange and cover plate for a 24 

× 24 size flush-type cleanout to be installed in a tank having maximum height of 

53 feet :- 

(a) 1/16; (b) 1/8; (c) 3/16; (d) 9/16. 

REF : API 650 – 3.7.7 (Table 3-12) 

ANS : (d) 



Q234) What is the calculated minimum thickness of shell plates from the stress 

on vertical joints for a field-erected small capacity tank, which has a 

diameter of 30 feet, height of 36 feet, joint efficiency is 0.85, specific 

gravity is 1.0, with a corrosion allowance of 0.125 ? 

(a) t = 0.1529; (b) t = 0.1875; 

(c) t = 0.2779; (d) t = 0.3125. 

REF : API 650 – A.4 (See 3.6.1.1) 

ANS : (c) (d?) 

Q235) What is the minimum weld length that must be shown on 

each radiograph ? 

(a) 2 inches; (b) 3 inches; (c) 4 inches; (d) 5 inches. 


ANS : (b) (minimum diagnostic length= 6”?) 


Q236) What is the most common protective cushion for aboveground storage 

tanks ? 

(a) Clean sand; (b) Clay; (c) Gravel; (d) Carbonaceous. 

REF : API – 651, Section 3 

ANS : (a) 

Q237) What is the nominal shell thickness required when the nominal tank 

diameter is less than 50 feet ? 


REF : 650 3.6.1.1 

ANS : (a) 


Q238) What is the radii tolerance measured at 1 foot above the shell to bottom 

for a reconstructed 125 foot diameter tank ? 

(a) +/- 1/2; (b) +/- 3/4; (c) +/- 1; (d) +/- 1 1/4. 

REF : 653 8.5.3 

ANS : (b) 

Q239) What is the title of API Publication 2015A ? 

(a) "Guide for Controlling the Lead Hazard Associated with Tank Entry and 

Cleaning.“ 

(b) "Cleaning Open-Top and Covered Floating-Roof Tanks" 

(c) "Guidelines for Confined Space Work in the Petroleum Industry" 

(d) "Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage" 

REF : API-653, 1.6 

ANS : (a) 


Q240) What must be done to the tank prior to dismantling to insure proper 

alignment after the tank is reconstructed ? 

(a) At least four sets of matching centre punch marks should be placed at the 

top and bottom edges of each shell plate. 

(b) At least two sets of matching centre punch marks shall be placed at the top 

and bottom edges of each shell plate. 

(c) At least three alignment tabs shall be tack welded to the top and bottom 

edges of the each shell plate. 

(d) At least two sets of matching centre punch marks may be placed at the top 

and side edges of each shell plate. 


ANS : (b) 

Q241) What are NDE methods and to what extent shall they be used for the 

examination of repairs to butt welds ? 

(a) MT and PT over full length; (b) MT and PT spot; 

(c) UT and RT over full length; (d) UT or RT over full length. 


ANS : (d) 


Q242) What of the following are not principal causes of shell distortion :- 

(a) Thinning caused by corrosion; (b) Foundation settlement; 

(c) Over-or under-pressuring; (d) High wind. 


ANS : (a) 

Q243) What percentage of selected spot radiography shall be at junctions of 

vertical and horizontal joints ? 

(a) 15 %; (b) 20 %; (c) 25 %; (d) 50 %. 


ANS : (c) 

Q244) What size diameter cover plate is required for a 20 inch roof manhole ? 

(a) 22 inch; (b) 24 inch; (c) 26 inch; (d) 28 inch. 


ANS : (c) 


Q245) What size penetrameter is required for RT of a tank 0.75 inches thick ? 

(a) 17; (b) 20; (c) 25; (d) 1. 

REF : ASME V Article 2 

ANS : (a) 

Q246) What spacing must be used for a settlement survey of a 100’ diameter 

tank ? 

(a) 31.4’; (b) 30’; (c) 28.56’; (d) 31’4”. 


ANS : (c) 


Q247) When a new nameplate is attached, the existing nameplate :- 

(a) is removed; 

(b) is covered by the new name plated; 

(c) is located next to the new name plate; 

(d) is left for the owner / user to keep on file 


ANS : (c) 

Q248) When alternative inspection intervals are selected, the owner / user :- 

(a) shall document the procedure and make it part of the permanent record; 

(b) alternatives are not allowed; 

(c) alternative method shall include method for determining bottom plate 

thickness; 



ANS : (d) 


Q249) When calculating the maximum liquid level for reconstructed tanks, the 

required corrosion allowance shall be :- 

(a) deducted from the actual thickness before calculating maximum liquid level; 

(b) added to actual thickness before calculating maximum liquid level; 

(c) not be considered when calculating maximum liquid level; 

(d) deducted from the original design thickness. 


ANS : (a) 

Q250) When changing a non-essential variable on a welding procedure, the 

procedure must be :- 

(a) revised; 

(b) requalified; 

(c) no action required; (d) re-written as a new procedure. 

REF : IX QW-200.1 

ANS : (a) 


Q251) When concrete ringwalls are provided under the shell, the top of the 

ringwall shall be level with ______ inch in the total circumference 

measured from the average elevation :- 

(a) 1/4; (b) 1/8; (c) 3/8; (d) 5/16. 

REF : API 650 – 5.5.5.2 a 

ANS : (a) 

Q252) When determining average thickness in a corroded area of a shell, a 

minimum of equally paced measurements shall be taken over a length of L. 

(a) 10; (b) 5; (c) 8; (d) 6. 

REF : 653 2.3.2.1 (c) 

ANS : (b) 


Q253) When evaluating roof support systems, special attention should be paid 

to: 

(a) Rafters; (b) Prior repairs; 

(c) Distortions; (d) The possibility of severe internal corrosion of pipe columns. 

REF : API – 653, 2.2.2 

ANS : (d) 

Q254) When is pitting an important factor in determining tank shell acceptability ? 

(a) When pits are 1/4" in diameter; 

(b) When the pits are 1/8” in diameter. 

(c) When the pits are present in a severe form in close proximity. 

(d) Pitting always represents a significant threat. 

REF : API-653, 2.3.1.3; 2.3.2.2 

ANS : (c) 

Q255) When liquid penetrant is specified, the method of examination shall be in 

accordance with one of the following :- 

(a) ASME, Section V, Article 6; (b) API-650, Section 6; 

(c) API-653, Section 6; (d) ASME, Section 8, Article 6. 

REF : 650 6.4.1 ANS : (a) 


Q256) When preparing the surface for lining, the abrasive blasting should not be 

performed if the temperature of the steel surface is less than ____ above 

the dew point or if the relative humidity is greater than ____ %. 

(a) 10 degrees, 75 %; (b) 5 degrees, 80 %; 

(c) 10 degrees, 80 %; (d) 5 degrees, 75 %. 

REF :API-652, 5.4 

ANS : (b) 

Q257) When replacing rim-mounted shoe seals on a floating roof, no more than 

____ of the seal should be out of service at any one time. 

(a) 1/4; (b) 1/2; (c) 1/3; (d) 1/8. 

REF : API-653 7.12.1 

ANS : (a) 

258) When required, a set of Charpay V-notch impact specimens shall be 

taken :- 

(a) Before heat treatment; (b) After heat treatment; 

(c) Either before or after; (d) Both before and after heat treatment. 

REF : API 650 2.2.8.1 ANS : (b) 


Q259) When required, how long shall a full hydrostatic be held ? 

(a) 18 hours; (b) 24 hours; (c) 36 hours; (d) 38 hours. 


ANS : (b) 

Q260) When reusing the entire bottom in the intact condition, the shell cut shall 

be a minimum of ____ inch(es) above the top of the bottom plate :- 

(a) 1/2; (b) 6 except where crossing existing welds; 

(c) 12; (d) 12 is the maximum. 


ANS : (c) (a?) 

Q261) When reviewing a radiograph, a dark image of the letter B can be seen 

on the film 

(a) This is cause for rejection; 

(b) This is not cause for rejection; 

(c) This is the same as a light letter B; 

(d) An unusual safety hazard existed during the exposure. 

REF : Section V, T-284 ANS : (b) 


Q262) When the corrosion rate is not known or determinable from similar 

service experience, actual bottom plate thickness shall be determined by 

inspection within the next ____ years of operation :- 

(a) 10; (b) 7; (c) 5; (d) 3. 

REF : 653 4.4.2.2 

ANS : (a) 

Q263) When the tank is out of service, additional bottom plate examination 

includes :- 

(a) All of the below; (b) ultrasonic; (c) hammer testing; (d) turning of coupons. 

REF : API 653 Appendix C, C.1.1.4 

ANS : (a) 

Q264) When two (2) welders weld opposite sides of the same butt joint :- 

(a) 2 spot radiographs shall be taken; 

(b) heat generated by twin arc removes the need to radiograph; 

(c) shall be inspected by ultrasonics; 

(d) 1 spot radiograph shall be taken . 


ANS : (d) 


Q265) When two or more tanks are installed concurrently in the same location 

for the same purchase :- 

(a) spot radiographs to be taken is based on each tanks footage of the welds; 

(b) spot radiographs may be omitted in tank # 2 if no defects were found in tank 

# 1; 

(c) spot radiographs may be taken based on the aggregate footage of the welds 

of the same type and thickness; 

(d) spot radiographs to be taken be based on the aggregate footage of the 

welds regardless of weld type and thicknesss; 


ANS : (c) 

Q266) When ultrasonic thickness measurements are used to take in-service 

thickness measurements, what is the maximum interval for reinspection 

on a tank corroding at a rate of 1.13 mils per year and has a remaining 

corrosion allowance of 22 mils ? 

(a) 5 years; (b) 9 years; (c) 15 years; (d) 20 years. 


ANS : (b) 


Q267) When used, in-service UT thickness measurements shall be taken :- 

(a) 10 years after commissioning; 

(b) 15 year intervals where corrosion rate is unknown; 

(c) the smaller of RCA/2N or 15 years; 



ANS : (c) 

Q268) When vacuum testing is performed, a partial vacuum of at least psig 

should be used :- 

(a) 2; (b) 3; (c) 4; (d) 5. 

REF : 650 5.3.3.4 

ANS : (a) (b?) 


Q269) Which below best describes how surfaces shall be prepared for 

Ultrasonic examination :- 

(a) The finished contact surfaces shall be free from weld splatter and any 

roughness that would interfere with free movement of the search unit or 

impair the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations; 

(b) The weld surfaces shall be finished so they cannot mask or be confused with 

reflections from defects, and should merge smoothly into the surfaces of the 

adjacent base materials; 

(c) The volume of base material through which the sound will travel in angle 

beam examination shall be completely scanned with a straight beam search 

unit to detect reflectors which might affect interpretation of angle beam 

results; 


REF : Section V, T-542.7.1 

ANS : (d) 


Q270) Which below option Thin-Film lining system shall be used for the 

following service conditions; Temperature 200 degrees F, product contents 

are distillates, 

(a) Coal tar epoxy; 

(b) Epoxy amine; 

(c) Epoxy polyamide; 

(d) Epoxy Polyamidoamine 

REF : API 652 – 4.3, Table 1 

ANS : (b) 


Q271) Which is not a factor in determining intervals between internal inspections 

for storage tanks :- 

(a) Measured during previous inspection; 

(b) Based on experience with similar tanks; 

(c) Anticipated corrosion rate; 

(d) Consistent with conditions at a particular site. 


ANS : (d) 

Q272) Which item is not found on a gauge well ? 

(a) hold-off distance; (b) marker vapour control float; 

(c) blow-down valve; (d) pipe seal system. 

REF : API 653, Appendix C.2.1.1.1 

ANS : (c) 


Q273) Which of the following equations refer to an anodic reaction :- 

(a) O2 + 2 H2) + 4 e- > 4 OH- 

(b) Fe + 2 e- ____ Fe2 

(c) H2O2 + Fe > 2 e 

(d) Fe --> Fe-2 +2 e- 


ANS : (d) 

Q274) Which of the following is a cause for tank bottom failure ? 

(a) Erosion corrosion; (b) Concentration Cell corrosion; 

(c) Sulphate-reducing bacteria; (d) All are causes. 

REF : API-652, Section 2 

ANS : (d) 


Q275) Which of the following is a factor in the effectiveness of cathodic 

protection :- 

(a) Concrete foundation; 

(b) An impervious lining between tank anode such as a secondary containment 

system 

(c) High resistance soil or rock formations; 

(d) All are factors. 

REF : API-651 3.1.4 

ANS : (d) 

Q276) Which of the following is a principle cause of concrete foundation 

deterioration :- 

(a) Attack by frost; (b) Rusting; (c) Wind load; (d) Floods. 

REF : API-653, 2.5 

ANS : (a) 


Q277) The difference between peaking and banding is :- 

(a) peaking pertains to the roof; 

(b) banding is external to the tank; 

(c) peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to horizontal 

weld seams 

(d) peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical 

weld seams. 


ANS : (c) 

Q278) Which of the following is not a cause of bottom failure :- 

(a) Stresses placed on the bottom plates by roof support loads and shell 

settlement; 

(b) Inadequate drainage; 

(c) Rock or gravel foundation pads with inadequately filled-in surface voids; 

(d) Operating conditions. 


ANS : (d) 


Q279) Which of the following is not a factor in determining suitability for service 

of shell tanks :- 

(a) Internal corrosion due to the product or water bottoms; 

(b) Location relative to other tanks; 

(c) Chemical analysis and mechanical properties of the materials of 

construction; 

(d) Tank foundation, soil and settlement conditions. 


ANS : (b) 

Q280) Which of the following is not a shell distortion ? 

(a) undersize weld; (b) out of roundness; 

(c) flat spots; (d) buckled areas. 


ANS : (a) 


Q281) Which of the following is not required information on a nameplate :- 

(a) Edition and revision number; (b) Shell material for shell course; 

(c) Nominal diameter; (d) Test Pressure. 


ANS : (d) 

Q282) Which of the following is not true regarding dismantling of the shell :- 

(a) Temporary attachments welds must be ground flush; 

(b) Shell stiffener rings, including wind girders and top angles, may be removed; 

(c) Shell stiffener rings, including wind girders and top angles, may be left 

attached; 

(d) Temporary attachments welds need not be ground flush. 


ANS : (d) 


Q283) Which of the following is not true regarding small punctures in a floating 

roof plate :- 

(a) May be ignored if they have been determined to be non-critical; 

(b) Shall be repaired; 

(c) Shall have affected sections replaced; 

(d) Is considered a change from the original condition. 


ANS : (a) 

Q284) Which of the following types of welds do not need welder identification ? 

(a) Shell vertical welds; (b) Roof Plate welds; 

(c) Flange-to-nozzle-neck welds; (d) Both (b) and (c) 

REF : API-653, 9.2.2 ANS : (d) 

Q285) Which thin-film lining system shall be used for the following service 

conditions : Temperature 200 degrees F, product contents are distillates :- 

(a) Coal tar epoxy; (b) Epoxy amine; 

(c) Epoxy polyamide; (d) Epoxy polyamidomine. 

REF : 652 4.3 Table 1 ANS : (b) 


Q286) Which tool would least likely be used in an in-service inspection ? 

(a) UT thickness device; (b) X-ray equipment; 

(c) Steel rule; (d) paint or crayon. 

REF : API Chapter XIII 13.4.1 

ANS : (b) 

Q287) Who is responsible for preparing the Welding Procedure Specification ? 

(a) Purchasing; (b) Erector / Manufacturer / Repairer; 

(c) Weld Testing Laboratory; (d) A qualified welder 

REF : IX QW-200.1 

ANS : (b) 

Q288) Who is responsible for qualifying the welders used to repair an above 

ground storage tank ? 

(a) The tank manufacturer; (b) The repair concern; 

(c) The inspector; (d) The test laboratory. 

REF : IX QW-103.1 

ANS : (b) 


Q289) Who is responsible for stating the design metal temperature (based on 

ambient temperatures), the design specific gravity, the corrosion 

allowance (if any), and the design wind velocity ? 

(a) PURCHASER; (b) FABRICATOR; 

(c) INSPECTOR; (d) ERECTOR. 

REF : 650 XIII 

ANS : (a) 

Q290) Widely scattered pits may be ignored provided that the sum of their 

dimensions along any vertical line does not exceed 2 inch in an 8 inch 

length and no pit depth results in a shell thickness of less than of the 

minimum thickness exclusive of corrosion allowance :- 

(a) 5/8; (b) 3/4; (c) 1/2; (d) 2/3. 


ANS : (c) 


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Understanding API ICP653 Reading 12-Worksheet-8

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