First Report of Botrytis Blight Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Cineraria in Korea

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December 2015
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December 2015, Volume 99, Number 12
Page 1865
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-15-0583-PDN
DISEASE NOTES
<strong>First</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Botrytis</strong> <strong>Blight</strong> <strong>Caused</strong> <strong>by</strong> <strong>Botrytis</strong>
<strong>cinerea</strong> on Cineraria in Korea
M. Aktaruzzaman, J. Y. Kim, T. Afroz, and B. S. Kim, Department <strong>of</strong> Plant Science,
Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; and H. D. Shin, Division
<strong>of</strong> Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Open Access.
ABSTRACT
Citation |
In April 2014, hundreds <strong>of</strong> ready-to-market cineraria [ Senecio cruentus (Masson ex L’Her.)
DC., Asteraceae] plants, grown in pots for 4 months in plastic greenhouses in Gangneung
City, were severely damaged (∼30% incidence) <strong>by</strong> a disease previously undocumented in
Korea. Diseased plants had small to large, brown or dark brown lesions on leaves and
flowers. <strong>Botrytis</strong> sp. was consistently isolated from affected tissues. The pathogen appeared
to infect leaves along the margins and occasionally on other parts <strong>of</strong> the leaf blade and
flower petals. The pathogen produced pr<strong>of</strong>use conidia on the surface <strong>of</strong> dead and dying
leaves and flowers, resulting in a moldy gray appearance and greatly reducing the aesthetic
and commercial value <strong>of</strong> the plants. Conidia (n = 30) were one-celled, ellipsoid or ovoid, 5.9
to 10.8 × 5.2 to 8.6 μm on naturally infected leaves, and 6.1 to 10.6 × 5.1 to 7.8 μm on
potato dextrose agar (PDA). Monoconidial isolates were obtained <strong>by</strong> plating conidial
suspensions on PDA and selecting single colonies. Incubation <strong>of</strong> isolates at 20 ± 2°C for 21
days produced blackish, spherical to irregular microsclerotia <strong>of</strong> 1.2 to 4.0 × 1.2 to 3.0 mm (n
= 20). A representative isolate (GM007) was deposited in Gangneung-Wonju National
University and used for further studies. Morphological characters were consistent with those
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Botrytis</strong> <strong>cinerea</strong> Pers.: Fr. (Ellis 1971). To confirm identification, the internal transcribed
spacer (ITS) region <strong>of</strong> rDNA <strong>of</strong> the isolate was amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 and
sequenced. BLAST analysis <strong>of</strong> the resulting 518-bp nucleotide segment (GenBank Accession
No. KM840848) showed 100% identity with the sequence <strong>of</strong> Botryotinia fuckeliana
(teleomorph <strong>of</strong> B. <strong>cinerea</strong>). For further confirmation, nuclear protein-coding genes (G3PDH
and HSP60) were sequenced (Staats et al. 2005). The resulting sequences (DDBJ Accession
Nos. LC009697 and LC009698, respectively) showed 100% identity with those <strong>of</strong> B.
fuckeliana (KP120866, KJ937067). To conduct the pathogenicity test, inoculum was prepared
<strong>by</strong> harvesting conidia from 2-week-old cultures on PDA. A conidial suspension (2 × 10 4
conidia/ml) was sprayed onto healthy leaves <strong>of</strong> three 3-month-old potted cineraria plants.
Three plants were sprayed with sterilized water, serving as controls. Plants were covered with
plastic bags for 3 days after inoculation to maintain high relative humidity and were placed in
a growth chamber at 20 ± 2°C. The first foliar lesions developed on leaves 4 days after
inoculation, whereas control plants remained symptomless. The pathogenicity test was
carried out twice with similar results. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from
inoculated leaves, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Association <strong>of</strong> cineraria with B. <strong>cinerea</strong> has
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Article History
Print: 14 Dec 2015
Ahead <strong>of</strong> Print: 20 Oct 2015
<strong>First</strong> Look: 15 Jun 2015
Accepted: 9 Jun 2015

inoculated leaves, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Association <strong>of</strong> cineraria with B. <strong>cinerea</strong> has
been reported in the United States and the United Kingdom (Farr & Rossman 2015). To our
knowledge, this is the first report <strong>of</strong> B. <strong>cinerea</strong> causing <strong>Botrytis</strong> blight on cineraria in Korea.
According to our field observations, leaf lesions expanded rapidly under cool, humid
conditions <strong>of</strong> nonheated greenhouses. Under dry conditions, however, the disease developed
slowly or even became quiescent. We suppose that ventilation <strong>of</strong> the greenhouses may
effectively reduce severity <strong>of</strong> <strong>Botrytis</strong> blight on cineraria.
References:
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Ellis, M. B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK.
Farr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. 2015. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab.,
ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/, May 16, 2015.
Staats, M., et al. 2005. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22: 333. 10.1093/molbev/msi020 [CrossRef] [ISI]
Cited <strong>by</strong>
<strong>First</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> Botryotinia fuckeliana Causing Gray Mold <strong>of</strong> Annual Ryegrass
(Lolium multiflorum) in China
L. H. Xue, C. J. Li , Y. Liu, W. X. Wu , L. Zhang, X. Q. Huang, and W. Zhang
Plant Disease, Volume 0, Number 0
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<strong>Botrytis</strong> blight caused <strong>by</strong> <strong>Botrytis</strong> <strong>cinerea</strong> on cineraria (Senecio cruentus). A, The
leaves and flowers <strong>of</strong> ready-to-market potted cineraria were infected, reducing
aesthetic value. B, Young cineraria damaged <strong>by</strong> <strong>Botrytis</strong> blight. C, Scanning electron
microscopy <strong>of</strong> B. <strong>cinerea</strong>. D, Conidia. E, Scanning electron microscopy <strong>of</strong> a
conidium. F, Two-week-old colony <strong>of</strong> B. <strong>cinerea</strong> on potato dextrose agar.