Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa

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Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa Okinawan people have developed a unique tradition of protest in their long history of oppression and marginalization. Beginning with the Ryūkyū Kingdom’s annexation to Japan in the late ninteenth century, this book charts the devastation caused by World War II, followed by the direct occupation of postwar Okinawa and continued presence of the US military forces in the wake of reversion to Japan in 1972. Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa challenges the unitary representation of Okinawan protest, by focusing on diversity and change in the postwar community of protest. It closely examines different protest groups and organizations that contributed to three conspicuous ‘waves’ of mass protest in the 1950s, late 1960s, and mid-1990s. As in many other parts of the world, the centre of gravity in Okinawan radical political activism has shifted from the organized labour movement led by political parties and trade unions, to informally organized, smaller and more individual-based ‘new social movements’. With ever more fragmented organizations, identities and strategies, Tanji explores how the unity of the Okinawan community of protest has come to rest increasingly on the politics of myth and the imagination. Drawing on original interview material with Okinawan protestors and in-depth analysis of protest history, Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa will appeal to scholars of Japanese history and politics, and those working on social movements and protest. Miyume Tanji is a research fellow at the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Australia. Her main research interests are in protest and social movements in Okinawa and Japan, as well as international relations.
Sheffield Centre for Japanese Studies/Routledge Series Series Editor: Glenn D. Hook Professor of Japanese Studies, University of Sheffield This series, published by Routledge in association with the Centre for Japanese Studies at the University of Sheffield, both makes available original research on a wide range of subjects dealing with Japan and provides introductory overviews of key topics in Japanese Studies. The Internationalization of Japan Edited by Glenn D. Hook and Michael Weiner Race and Migration in Imperial Japan Michael Weiner Japan and the Pacific Free Trade Area Pekka Korhonen Greater China and Japan Prospects for an economic partnership? Robert Taylor The Steel Industry in Japan A comparison with the UK Hasegawa Harukiyo Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan Richard Siddle Japan’s Minorities The illusion of homogeneity Edited by Michael Weiner Japanese Business Management Restructuring for low growth and globalization Edited by Hasegawa Harukiyo and Glenn D. Hook Japan and Asia Pacific Integration Pacific romances 1968–1996 Pekka Korhonen
Page 4 and 5: Japan’s Economic Power and Securi
Page 6 and 7: Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okina
Page 8: For Peter Makiko and Jun Tanji
Page 11 and 12: Maps and figures Maps A Ryūkyū Is
Page 13 and 14: xii Acknowledgements and Asian Hist
Page 15 and 16: Glossary Ampo US-Japan Mutual Secur
Page 17 and 18: Kume Okinawa Gunto - Oblique Mercat
Page 19 and 20: 1 Northern Training Area 2 Okuma Re
Page 22 and 23: 1 Introduction A community of prote
Page 24 and 25: Introduction 3 change, disagreement
Page 26 and 27: Introduction 5 protest community te
Page 28 and 29: Introduction 7 common, invisible el
Page 30 and 31: Introduction 9 protests and uprisin
Page 32 and 33: 2 Diversity and unity in the commun
Page 34 and 35: Diversity and unity 13 industrial s
Page 36 and 37: Diversity and unity 15 RMT can argu
Page 38 and 39: Diversity and unity 17 But how, if
Page 40 and 41: everywhere but most often it ‘pre
Page 42 and 43: 3 Annexation and assimilation Intro
Page 44 and 45: Annexation and assimilation 23 nine
Page 46 and 47: economy. Indeed, Japan turned on it
Page 48 and 49: Annexation and assimilation 27 124)
Page 50 and 51: Annexation and assimilation 29 Okin
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Annexation and assimilation 31 Jaha
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Annexation and assimilation 33 fund
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Annexation and assimilation 35 fiss
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In relation to the wider theme of t
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The Battle of Okinawa 39 told the r
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a 17,900-square-metres space with 1
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The Battle of Okinawa 43 staged a c
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The Battle of Okinawa 45 In 1983, C
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The Battle of Okinawa 47 anti-war a
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The Battle of Okinawa 49 included d
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alterations and the way in which th
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5 The first wave Opposition to US m
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The first wave 55 military basicall
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The first wave 57 Another major loc
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The first wave 59 much money do the
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The first wave 61 members’ speech
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The first wave 63 of twenty years.
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The first wave 65 GRI Chief Executi
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N Barbed wire fence 0 1 km The firs
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The first wave 69 Figure 5.1 Beggar
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chan incident’ after the name of
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The first wave 73 Price-Report rall
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1955 (Ahagon 1998 [1992]: 32). 44 T
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6 The second wave Introduction Towa
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The second wave 79 improved materia
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ested with the High Commissioner (R
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The second wave 83 the arbitrary US
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The second wave 85 Kenrōkyō. The
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The second wave 87 affirmation of u
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Figure 6.2 Okinawan citizens’ ral
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The second wave 91 The primary inte
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introducing the mainland Japanese e
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The second wave 95 to reconsider re
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The second wave 97 meant to be ‘O
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The second wave 99 clear that Okina
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The second wave 101 The choice the
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The second wave 103 war zone (Ryūk
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Gendered bodies and physical identi
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wave’ of Okinawans’ island-wide
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Iken Kyōtō: successor to the Coun
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The anti-war landowners 111 reversi
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- an original member of the One-tsu
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The anti-war landowners 115 been en
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The anti-war landowners 117 Butai K
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The anti-war landowners 119 Air Bas
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The anti-war landowners 121 refusal
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The anti-war landowners 123 Marxist
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fear of delaying Okinawa’s revers
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8 Kin Bay and Shiraho Introduction
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124ºE 24º30’N 0 20 km N ISHIGAK
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 131 one of the
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 133 In Ishigaki
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 135 We have see
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 137 parties wer
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 139 Figure 8.1
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 141 Konwa-kai).
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 143 required in
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 145 communicati
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thinks that the Shiraho struggle ag
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Kin Bay and Shiraho 149 mainland Ja
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different kinds of activity in poli
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The third wave and beyond 153 Nairo
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The third wave and beyond 155 viole
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The third wave and beyond 157 have
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The third wave and beyond 159 incid
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Earlier in September after the rape
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The third wave and beyond 163 Conse
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The third wave and beyond 165 refer
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The third wave and beyond 167 In Ju
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The third wave and beyond 169 great
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Figure 9.1 Koe, Koe, Koe (courtesy
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The third wave and beyond 173 the r
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The third wave and beyond 175 to li
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Conclusion The expression ‘Okinaw
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Conclusion 179 Diet, the central go
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Notes 1 Introduction: a community o
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Notes 183 8 Related to this point,
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24 This locates his argument in lin
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Notes 187 21 Since 1965, Ienaga has
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Notes 189 a foreign - even imperial
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39 Subsequent to the defection of t
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Notes 193 poor public transport and
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Notes 195 his project of collecting
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Notes 197 11 The new law responded
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Notes 199 32 At the time, the US wa
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Notes 201 25 Ui Jun is a scientist
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Notes 203 9 Former Governor Nishime
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Notes 205 Taimususha 1998: 51). Tha
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activities and advises Washington o
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Bibliography 209 Arakawa, A. (2000a
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Bibliography 211 Dower, J. (1971)
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Bibliography 213 Hiyane, T. (1982)
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Bibliography 215 Kawamitsu, S. (199
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Bibliography 217 Melucci, A. (1989)
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Bibliography 219 on the Application
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Bibliography 221 President Nixon an
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Bibliography 223 Region) (Research
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Yamanouchi, Y. (1996) Shisutemu Sha
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Index ‘A’ sign businesses 80, 1
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Funabashi, Y. 155 Futenma air base
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Nago City 49, 178 Nago heliport str
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Ryūkyū kingdom 21, 22-3, 183-4 Ry
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Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa

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