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journalists working on the development beat. The close relationship between journalists and development practitioners has important implications for the future of both sectors. Notes 1 There is an interesting parallel here with the funding of university research. Commentators believe that the introduction of ‘impact’ as a funding criterion is instrumentalising research, incentivising some research topics above others, and sucking up considerable resources in monitoring and evaluation (e.g. Martin 2011) 2 This anecdote also illuminates how many layers the BMGF operates on, and just how hard it is to avoid its reach in the development sector. Journalist Sarah Boseley is here quoted in the report: Taking the temperature: The future of global health reporting (Bristol and Donnelly 2011). This report is funded by the Kaiser’s Global Health Policy Project, which is, in turn, supported by the BMGF. Put another way, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation does development work. It funds the journalists who write about its development work. And it funds the researchers who analyse the journalists who write about their development work References Aly, H. (2016, forthcoming) A means to an end? Creating a market for humanitarian news from Africa, Bunce, M., Franks, S. and Paterson, C. (eds) Africa’s media image in the 21st century, London, Routledge Arteaga (2008) International center for journalists receives funding to improve news coverage of poverty and development issues in Africa, International Center for Journalists, 12 November. Available online at http://www.icfj.org/news/ international-center-journalists-receives-funding-improve-news-coverage-povertyand-development, accessed on 20 December 2015 Balasegaram, M., Balasegaram, S., Malvy, D. and Millet, P. (2008) Neglected diseases in the news: A content analysis of recent international media coverage focusing on Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis, PLoS Neglected Tropical Disease, Vol. 2, No. 5 pp 1-5 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (2012) Aid is working: Tell the world (Round 10), Global Grand Challenges. Available online at http://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/ challenge/aid-working-tell-world-round-10, accessed on 20 December 2015 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (2015) Journalism grants. Available online at http://journalismgrants.org/practical, accessed on 20 December 2015 Birn, A.-E. (2014) Philanthrocapitalism, past and present: The Rockefeller Foundation, the Gates Foundation, and the setting(s) of the international/global health agenda, Hypothesis, Vol. 12, No. 1 pp 1-27 Birrell, I. (2014) The tyranny of experts review: Taking on the development technocrats, Observer, 5 May Breed, W. (1955) Social control in the newsroom: A functional analysis, Social Forces, Vol. 33, No. 4 pp.326-336 Bristol, N. and Donnelly, J. (2011) Taking the temperature: The future of global health journalism, Menlo Park, Ca., Kaiser Family Foundation Brown, G. (2015) Gates Foundation is too big to ignore the politics of poverty, The Conversation, 4 February. Available online at http://theconversation.com/gatesfoundation-is-too-big-to-ignore-the-politics-of-poverty-36828, accessed on 18 January 2016 Browne, H. (2010) Foundation-funded journalism, Journalism Studies, Vol. 1, No. 6 pp 889-903 Carter, B. (2010) Gates Foundation backs ABC news project, New York Times, 6 October. Available online at http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/06/ gates-foundation-backs-abc-news-project/?_r=0, accessed on 18 January 2016 DISCUSSION PAPER Copyright 2016-2/3. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics. All rights reserved. Vol 13, No 2/3 2016 13
Mel Bunce Conrad, David (2015) The freelancer-NGO alliance, Journalism Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2 pp 275-288 Cottle, S. and Nolan, D. (2007) Global humanitarianism and the changing aidmedia field, Journalism Studies, Vol. 8, No. 6 pp 862-878 Curtis, M. (2016) Gated development: Is the Gates Foundation always a source for good?, London, Global Justice Now Doughton, S. and Heim, K. (2011) Does Gates funding of media taint objectivity?, Seattle Times, 19 February Edmonds, R. (2001) Foundations and journalism: An awkward fit, Chronicle of Philanthropy, Vol. 13, No. 16 pp 41-44 Edmonds, R. (2002) Getting behind the media: What are the subtle tradeoffs of foundation support for journalism?, Philanthropy, March/April. Available online at http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/excellence_in_philanthropy/getting_ behind_the_media, accessed on 20 December 2015 Feldman, B. (2007) Report from the field: Left media and left think tanks – Foundation-managed protest?, Critical Sociology, Vol. 33 pp 427-446 Flynn, P. and Hodgkinson, V. (eds) (2001) Measuring the impact of the nonprofit sector, New York, Springer Science + Business Foundation Center (2013) Growth of foundation support for media in the United States, Available online at http://foundationcenter.org/gainknowledge/research/ pdf/mediafunding_report_2013.pdf, accessed on 20 December 2015 Guensburg, C. (2008) Nonprofit news, American Journalism Review, February/ March. Available online at http://ajrarchive.org/Article.asp?id=4458, accessed on 18 January 2016 Kaye, J. and Quinn, S. (2010) Funding journalism in the digital age: Business models, strategies, issues and trends, New York, Peter Lang Lewis, S. C. (2012) From journalism to information: The transformation of the Knight Foundation and news innovation, Mass Communication and Society, Vol. 15, No. 3 pp 309-334 Martens, J. and Seitz, K. (2015) Philanthropic power and development: Who shapes the agenda? Aachen, Germany, Brot für die Welt/Global Policy Forum/ MISEREOR Nelson, A. (2009) Experimentation and evolution in private US funding of media development, Washington, Centre for International Media Assistance Paulson, T. (2013) Behind the scenes with the Gates Foundation’s ‘strategic media partners’, Humanosphere, 14 February. Available online at http://www. humanosphere.org/basics/2013/02/a-personal-view-behind-the-scenes-with-thegates-foundations-media-partners/, accessed on 16 December 2015 Ramirez, P. (2002) Foundations, funding, and independence, Poynter Institute. Available online at http://www.poynter.org/uncategorized/1853/foundationsfunding-and-independence/, accessed on 18 January 2015 Silverstein, K. (2015) Where journalism goes to die, Politico, 27 February Scott, T. (2012) Aid is working: Tell the world, Impatient Optimists, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 18 October UN (2015) Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Available online at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/ transformingourworld, accessed on 20 December 2015 Wright, K. (2016, forthcoming) It was a ‘simple’, ‘positive’ story of African selfhelp (manufactured for a Kenyan NGO by advertising multinationals), Bunce, M., Franks, S. and Paterson, C. (eds) Africa’s media image in the 21st century, London, Routledge 14 Copyright 2016-2/3. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics. All rights reserved. Vol 13, No 2/3 2016
Page 1 and 2: Beyond clickbait and commerce The e
Page 4 and 5: Contents Editorial Looking beyond t
Page 6 and 7: EDITORIAL Looking beyond the tradit
Page 8 and 9: These questions of independence are
Page 10 and 11: of the work produced by foundation-
Page 12 and 13: Crisis Center, for example, has a g
Page 14 and 15: library that spotlights progress in
Page 18 and 19: Note on the contributor Dr Mel Bunc
Page 20 and 21: 2014). One response has been to par
Page 22 and 23: and/or distributed by ENGOs to mobi
Page 24 and 25: democratic dissent’, while DeLuca
Page 26 and 27: ecording the interviews, I engaged
Page 28 and 29: spent two weeks collecting images a
Page 30 and 31: Although photographs of spirit bear
Page 32 and 33: up the article ‘Pipeline through
Page 34 and 35: Alexandra Garcia, iLCP communicatio
Page 36 and 37: killed/, accessed on 27 December 20
Page 38 and 39: Dave Harte ‘Tell it like it is’
Page 40 and 41: Veronica Coatham and Lisa Martinali
Page 42 and 43: which content its audience is most
Page 44 and 45: in the 1990s and early 2000s. Borge
Page 46 and 47: in Leeds, he notes the valuable rol
Page 48 and 49: Yet the nature of the journalism at
Page 50 and 51: Foucault, Michel (1980) Power/Knowl
Page 52 and 53: Unitec research colleagues; media p
Page 54 and 55: voice in seven unique contexts was
Page 56 and 57: therefore, challenging to strike th
Page 58 and 59: 7 The Pacifica Mamas, ‘matriarchs
Page 60 and 61: sharing approach to collaboration,
Page 62 and 63: programme, and they wanted the spot
Page 64 and 65: and that I was entrusting myself to
Page 66 and 67:
ecosystem (Cooren 2015b). In a 2015
Page 68 and 69:
Saifoloi, Malama, Stowers-Ama, Jarc
Page 70 and 71:
informed citizenry. Most see journa
Page 72 and 73:
While there is no universally accep
Page 74 and 75:
news organisation are decisions to
Page 76 and 77:
is largely seen as unethical to ask
Page 78 and 79:
open to paying for content. Others
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Conclusions Overall, oppositional n
Page 82 and 83:
Foster, Michelle (2012) Calling the
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Judith Townend ‘Charitable journa
Page 86 and 87:
In the second category, where the r
Page 88 and 89:
Among the issues is the Charity Com
Page 90 and 91:
House of Lords (2012) House of Lord
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press in a democracy to campaign, l
Page 94 and 95:
The tribunal’s decision For the p
Page 96 and 97:
charitable journalism may be recogn
Page 98 and 99:
Denis Muller Conflict of interest:
Page 100 and 101:
Tanner et al. (2005: 187) identify
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to its audiences. To engage in jour
Page 104 and 105:
creating a commercial climate in wh
Page 106 and 107:
that a sponsor would have no role i
Page 108 and 109:
Items about Dove not labelled as sp
Page 110 and 111:
their public-interest responsibilit
Page 112 and 113:
Murtha, Jack and Gourarie, Chava (2
Page 114 and 115:
Recognising the shadow elements of
Page 116 and 117:
admits that ‘systematic’ may be
Page 118 and 119:
Rather than ethics being an issue t
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