Policing for Profit

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Page 3: Policing for Profit: The Abuse of C
Page 6 and 7: Foreword Civil forfeiture threatens
Page 8 and 9: 4 The IRS cleaned out the bank acco
Page 10 and 11: Federal and most state civil forfei
Page 12 and 13: Introduction In February 2014, 24-y
Page 14 and 15: A Brief History of Forfeiture The o
Page 16 and 17: If they do, they will likely face l
Page 18 and 19: Grading State & Federal Civil Forfe
Page 20 and 21: Philadelphia, for example, operates
Page 22 and 23: Low standards of proof mean that, i
Page 24 and 25: Cox lost her truck without ever hav
Page 26 and 27: Civil Forfeiture Law Grades Using t
Page 28 and 29: ment. Although these reforms are pr
Page 30 and 31: Stricter State Law, More Equitable
Page 32 and 33: Circumventing State Laws The Depart
Page 34 and 35: Among the seizures that would have
Page 36 and 37: Despite Freedom-of-Information Laws
Page 38 and 39: Table 4: Forfeiture Record-Keeping
Page 40 and 41: Inadequate Information Unfortunatel
Page 42 and 43: Yet a 2002 state audit surveyed 26
Page 44 and 45: Figure 14: State and Local Law Enfo
Page 46 and 47: Best Practices: Forfeiture Reportin
Page 48 and 49: tections for people making innocent
Page 50 and 51: Alabama earns a D- for its civil fo
Page 52 and 53:
Alaska earns a D+ for its civil for
Page 54 and 55:
Arizona earns a D- for its civil fo
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Arkansas earns a D- for its civil f
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California earns a C+ for its civil
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Colorado earns a C for its civil fo
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Connecticut earns a C for its civil
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Delaware earns a D- for its civil f
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The District of Columbia earns a B+
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Florida earns a D+ for its civil fo
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Georgia earns a D- for its civil fo
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Hawaii earns a D- for its civil for
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Idaho earns a D- for its civil forf
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Illinois earns a D- for its civil f
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Indiana earns a B+ for its civil fo
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Iowa earns a D- for its civil forfe
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Kansas earns a D- for its civil for
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Kentucky earns a D- for its civil f
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Louisiana earns a D+ for its civil
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Maine earns a B+ for its civil forf
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Maryland earns a B for its civil fo
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Massachusetts earns an F for its ci
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Michigan earns a D- for its civil f
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Minnesota earns a D+ for its civil
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Mississippi earns a C- for its civi
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Missouri earns a B+ for its civil f
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Montana earns a D- for its civil fo
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Nebraska earns a C for its civil fo
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Nevada earns a D- for its civil for
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New Hampshire earns a D- for its ci
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New Jersey earns a D- for its civil
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New Mexico earns an A- for its civi
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New York earns a C for its civil fo
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North Carolina earns a B+ for its c
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North Dakota earns an F for its civ
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Ohio earns a D- for its civil forfe
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Oklahoma earns a D- for its civil f
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Oregon earns a C+ for its civil for
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Pennsylvania earns a D- for its civ
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Rhode Island earns a D- for its civ
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South Carolina earns a D- for its c
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South Dakota earns a D- for its civ
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Tennessee earns a D- for its civil
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Texas earns a D+ for its civil forf
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Utah earns a D- for its civil forfe
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Vermont earns a C for its civil for
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Virginia earns a D- for its civil f
Page 144 and 145:
Washington earns a D- for its civil
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West Virginia earns a D- for its ci
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Wisconsin earns a B for its civil f
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Wyoming earns a D- for its civil fo
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The Federal Government earns a D- f
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Appendix A: State Law Grading Metho
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Appendix B: Civil Forfeiture Law Ci
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Standard of proof Innocent owner bu
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Standard of proof Innocent owner bu
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158 Standard of proof Innocent owne
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Standard of proof Innocent owner bu
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162 Standard of proof Innocent owne
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Standard of proof Innocent owner bu
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Standard of proof Innocent owner bu
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Endnotes 1 Ingraham, C. (2015, June
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practices. Kokomo Perspective. Retr
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172 83 7 percent in inflation-adjus
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118 Ingraham, 2015. 119 Records on
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category covers witness protection,
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Dick M. Carpenter II, Ph.D. About t
Page 185 and 186:
Acknowledgements The authors gratef

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