Fundamental Food Microbiology, Third Edition - Fuad Fathir

GENETICS OF SOME BENEFICIAL TRAITS 171
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QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the important characteristics of plasmids in lactic acid bacteria.
2. Discuss the characteristic differences between large and small plasmids in lactic
acid bacteria.
3. List five commercially important phenotypes that are plasmid linked in lactic acid
bacteria and discuss their importance in relation to plasmid stability.
4. Define and list the advantages and disadvantages of the following methods used
in gene transfer: transduction, transfection, transformation, and protoplast fusion
in lactic acid bacteria.
5. Describe the process involved in conjugal transfer of DNA in lactic acid bacteria.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method?
6. Describe the technique involved in electrotransformation of DNA in lactic acid
bacteria. Discuss the advantages of transferring DNA by this method over the
other methods in lactic acid bacteria.
7. Define the following terms and briefly discuss their importance in lactic acid
bacteria: cryptic plasmid, plasmid replication, electrotransformation, IS-elements,
and transposons.
8. Define the term metabolic targeting. With a proper example, explain how metabolic
targeting in lactic acid bacteria can be used to produce diacetyl, L(+) lactic
acid, and folic acid in strains that have low ability to produce them.