2017_complete_report
1 2 3 4 5 6 Box 7-3: Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management As shown in Figure 7-4 and Figure 7-5, landfilling of MSW is currently and has been the most common waste management practice. A large portion of materials in the waste stream are recovered for recycling and composting, which is becoming an increasingly prevalent trend throughout the country. Materials that are composted and recycled would have normally been disposed of in a landfill. Figure 7-4: Management of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States, 2014 7 8 9 Source: EPA (2016b). Figure 7-5: MSW Management Trends from 1990 to 2014 10 11 Source: EPA (2016). Waste 7-15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Table 7-6 presents a typical composition of waste disposed of at a typical MSW landfill in the United States over time. It is important to note that the actual composition of waste entering each landfill will vary from that presented in Table 7-6. Understanding how the waste composition changes over time, specifically for the degradable waste types, is important for estimating greenhouse gas emissions. For certain degradable waste types (i.e., paper and paperboard), the amounts discarded have decreased over time due to an increase in waste recovery, including recycling and composting (see Table 7-6 and Figure 7-6) do not reflect the impact of backyard composting on yard trimming generation and recovery estimates. The recovery of food trimmings has been consistently low. Increased recovery of degradable materials reduces the CH 4 generation potential and CH 4 emissions from landfills. Table 7-6: Materials Discarded a in the Municipal Waste Stream by Waste Type from 1990 to 2014 (Percent) Waste Type 1990 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Paper and Paperboard 30.0% 24.1% 15.1% 16.6% 13.4% 13.9% 13.4% Glass 6.0% 5.7% 4.8% 5.7% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8% Metals 7.2% 7.8% 8.4% 10.0% 8.4% 8.8% 8.8% Plastics 9.5% 16.0% 16.8% 20.1% 16.6% 17.0% 17.3% Rubber and Leather 3.2% 2.8% 3.0% 4.3% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% Textiles 2.9% 5.2% 6.1% 7.6% 6.5% 6.8% 7.2% Wood 6.9% 7.4% 7.7% 9.2% 7.5% 7.4% 7.6% Other b 1.4% 1.8% 1.9% 2.3% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% Food Scraps 13.6% 18.2% 19.7% 24.1% 19.2% 19.4% 20.2% Yard Trimmings 17.6% 6.9% 8.0% 9.9% 7.9% 7.5% 7.4% Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes 1.7% 2.1% 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.2% a Discards after materials and compost recovery. In this table, discards include combustion with energy recovery. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes, or certain other wastes. b Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp, feces, and urine in disposable diapers. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. 11 Figure 7-6: Percent of Recovered Degradable Materials from 1990 to 2014 (Percent) 12 13 Source: EPA (2016b). 14 7-16 DRAFT Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2015
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 EP
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Box 6-2:
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Residential 338.3 357.8 325.5 282.5
e LULUCF C Stock Change is the net
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1 2 3 4 5 6 irreversible accumulati
Substitution of Ozone Depleting Sub
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Forest Land Remaining Forest Land:
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1 2 3 Figure ES-15: U.S. Greenhouse
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1 2 3 4 5 only days to weeks, their
1 2 3 4 informational purposes, emi
1 Figure 1-1: National Inventory Ar
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N2O Emissions from Adipic Acid Prod
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a Emission estimates reported in th
1 3.10. Methodology for Estimating
1 2 Figure 2-2: Annual Percent Chan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 gas for electricity
a Emissions from Wood Biomass and E
Electrical Transmission and Distrib
Wetlands (4.0) (5.3) (4.1) (4.2) (4
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CH4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Pet
1 Table 2-7: Emissions from Agricul
1 2 Table 2-8: U.S. Greenhouse Gas
1 2 3 4 Overall, in 2015, waste act
Cement Production 33.3 45.9 32.0 35
Total 1,862.5 2,441.6 2,197.3 2,059
Total Emissions 6,366.7 7,315.6 6,7
N2O 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 Oth
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 atmospheric sink fo
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International Bunker Fuels a 0.2 0.
1 Table 3-4: CO2, CH4, and N2O Emis
1 Figure 3-3: 2015 U.S. Energy Cons
1 2 Figure 3-6: Annual Deviations f
U.S. Territories a 28.0 50.1 41.7 4
Fuel Oil 27.2 45.6 36.7 37.6 37.1 3
1 Figure 3-9: Electricity Generatio
1 Figure 3-11: Industrial Productio
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1 Figure 3-13: Sales of New Passeng
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Medium- and Heavy-Duty 0.5 0.9 0.7
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1 2 Figure 3-15: U.S. Energy Consum
Coal b 1,653.7 1,596.3 1,809.1 -3%
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1 2 Table 3-17: Approach 2 Quantita
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1 Table 3-20: Adjusted Consumption
1 2 3 4 percent above the 2014 emis
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Gas/Waste Product 1990 2005 2011 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 waste
1 2 3 4 5 due to the higher CH 4 co
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Activity 1990 2005 2011 2012 2013 2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 approach over the t
Previous Estimated Emissions from S
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Emissions (w/o Plunger) (MT) 372,28
Reciprocating Compressors 64,413 64
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1 Table 3-72: Woody Biomass Consump
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CO2 206.8 189.9 172.9 169.6 171.5 1
SF6 1 1 + + + + + Electrical Transm
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2012 13.8 13,785 2013 14.0 14,028 2
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1 2 3 MMT CO 2 Eq. (10,828 kt) (see
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 consumed
1 Table 4-19: CO2 Emissions from Am
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1 Table 4-24: Urea Production, Urea
2012 10.5 35 2013 10.7 36 2014 10.9
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2015 4.3 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 2 Table 4-31: Approach 2 Quantita
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Production data f
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The activity data
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The results of th
2013 4.1 0.3 2014 5.0 0.3 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 discussion of CO 2
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1 2 Table 4-56: Approach 2 Quantita
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 (i.e.
1 Table 4-67: Material Carbon Conte
1 2 Table 4-70: Production and Cons
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1 Table 4-89: CO2 Emissions from Zi
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4.23 Substi
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Graphic Arts + 0 0 0 0 0 0 Non-Indu
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Note that the relative uncertainty
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
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+ Does not exceed 0.05 MMT CO2 Eq.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 subsequently conv
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Agricultural soil
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 methodology te
1 Table 5-21: Emissions from Liming
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1 2 Table 5-32: Key Assumptions for
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Land Converted to Forest Land (92.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 from LUL
1 2 Table 6-7: Land Use and Land-Us
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1 2 Harvested wood products (HWP)
1 2 Figure 6-2: Changes in Forest A
Note: Forest C stocks do not includ
1 2 3 4 in Table 6-13 include all m
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1 2 3 Total Aboveground Biomass Flu
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1 2 3 4 5 6 C) from drainage and cu
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Belowground Live Biomass 2.3 2.0 2.
1 2 Table 6-34: Net CO2 Flux from S
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1 2 3 4 5 above the 2015 stock chan
CH4 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 N2O
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Other Lands Converted Grassland Min
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On-site 70 71 60 53 50 50 49 N2O (O
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