“I Had a Dream to Finish School”

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Office for Regional Administration and Local Government, and communicated by email with government officials. 3 Human Rights Watch also interviewed 24 representatives of NGOs, including organizations focused on education and child rights, youth-led organizations, organizations of persons with disabilities, two education experts and practitioners, and seven development partners’ representatives. We reviewed Tanzanian national law, government policies and reports, budget statements and progress reports, government submissions to United Nations bodies, UN reports, NGO reports, academic articles, newspaper articles, and social media discussions, among others. Three NGOs shared data, case studies, and evaluations based on their surveys, programs, and outreach activities in secondary schools. The exchange rate at the time of the research was approximately US$1 = Tanzanian Shillings (TZS) 2,200; this rate has been used for conversions in the text, which have sometimes been rounded to the nearest dollar. 3 Prior to 2016, officially called the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training; the Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children; and the Prime Minister’s Office for Regional Administration and Local Government, respectively. “I HAD A DREAM TO FINISH SCHOOL” 22
I. Background: Secondary Education in Tanzania Education has been a national priority for successive Tanzanian governments since independence. 4 The government’s drive to guarantee free primary education for all children resulted in more than 97 percent of children enrolling in primary schools in the late 2000’s. 5 With one of the world’s largest young populations under the age of 25, and 43 percent of its population under 15, Tanzania, a low-income country, faces enormous challenges in guaranteeing basic education for all. 6 Over a decade after the rollout of free and compulsory education, approximately 8.5 million children are enrolled in six years of primary education, representing close to 77 percent of children of primary-school-going age, and 1.87 million adolescents, or 52 percent of the eligible student population, are enrolled in lower-secondary education. 7 Out of the 5.1 million children who are not in basic education, almost two million, or one in every five children, are not in primary school. 8 An estimated 1.5 million adolescents, or two in every five Tanzanian adolescents of lower-secondary school age, are out of school. 9 In 2013, Tanzania 4 Yusuf Kassam, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Bureau of Education, “Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922 -),” Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education, vol. XXIV, no. 1/2, (1994), pp. 247–259, http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/nyereree.pdf (accessed September 22, 2016). 5 Margaret Simwanza Sitta, then-minister for community development, gender and children of the United Republic of Tanzania, “Towards Universal Primary Education: The Experience of Tanzania,” UN Chronicle, vol. XLIV No. 4, (December 2007), https://unchronicle.un.org/article/towards-universal-primary-education-experience-tanzania (accessed September 22, 2016); United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, “Education for All (EFA) Report for Tanzania Mainland,” November 2014, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002314/231484e.pdf (accessed September 22, 2016). 6 United Republic of Tanzania, National Bureau of Statistics, “2015: Tanzania in Figures,” June 2016, http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/references/Tanzania_in_Figures_2015.pdf (accessed January 16, 2017), pp. 20 – 21. 7 United Republic of Tanzania, “Enrolment in Primary School by Gender and Age 2016,” July 30, 2016, http://opendata.go.tz/dataset/uandikishaji-katika-shule-za-msingi-kwa-jinsi-na-umri-2016 (accessed September 22, 2016), “Enrolment in Secondary Schools by Gender and Age 2016,” July 30, 2016, http://opendata.go.tz/dataset/uandikishajikatika-shule-za-sekondari-kwa-jinsi-na-umri-2016 (accessed September 22, 2016); UNESCO and Tanzania National team, “Education Sector Development Plan 2016/17 – 2020/21 Tanzania Mainland, Technical Proposal (Final Draft, as of January 2017),” June 2016, copy on file with Human Rights Watch. 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid. 23 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | FEBRUARY 2017
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Page 4 and 5: Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watc
Page 6 and 7: Lack of Adequate Sanitation Facilit
Page 9 and 10: Summary and Key recommendationS HUM
Page 11 and 12: All photos © 2016 Elin Martínez/H
Page 13 and 14: Education has been a national prior
Page 15 and 16: all children in Tanzania. This repo
Page 17 and 18: HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | FEBRUARY 2017
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Page 21 and 22: teachers. Many also face sexual exp
Page 23 and 24: The government’s recent commitmen
Page 25 and 26: A snapshot of “Our Cries,” a we
Page 27 and 28: End Discriminatory Barriers and Sex
Page 29: young adults from ages 10 to 19, in
Page 33 and 34: government allocated an additional
Page 35 and 36: As of March 2016, there were 3,601
Page 37 and 38: The World Bank, one of Tanzania’s
Page 39 and 40: IV, the last year of lower-secondar
Page 41 and 42: 20 percent of the population was 67
Page 43 and 44: to 18 years. 68 In August 2016, Tan
Page 45 and 46: consolidation of the foundations fo
Page 47 and 48: ensure that the standards of educat
Page 49 and 50: Under the CRPD, Tanzania is also ob
Page 51 and 52: Protection from Child Marriage and
Page 53 and 54: III. Barriers to Accessing Secondar
Page 55 and 56: Similarly, when students who could
Page 57 and 58: Free means [refers to] school fees
Page 59 and 60: are not given another opportunity t
Page 61 and 62: As discussed above, the Tanzanian g
Page 63 and 64: Watch walked more than one hour to
Page 65 and 66: IV. Corporal Punishment and Humilia
Page 67 and 68: Human Rights Watch asked senior sch
Page 69 and 70: Fatma, 16, said: “Teachers hit st
Page 71 and 72: alternative way of managing classro
Page 73 and 74: Female students in many schools mus
Page 75 and 76: If they [girls] come from far away,
Page 77 and 78: Difficult Return to School After Pr
Page 79 and 80: Sexual Exploitation and Harassment
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schools, exacerbated by impunity an
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teenage pregnancy. 250 The governme
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Lack of Adequate Sanitation Facilit
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Female students reported multiple c
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According to Theresa, 19: They didn
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VI. Barriers Faced by Students with
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education at the Ministry of Educat
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Oscar, 18, mentioned previously, ha
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VII. Lack of Quality Education in S
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to fill the gap in secondary school
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teacher to help. The school has no
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Some students reported being punish
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VIII. Lack of Adequate Educational
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Many vocational training schools ar
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• Immediately change existing pol
Page 111 and 112:
• Immediately end pregnancy testi
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• Ensure students with disabiliti
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Urge the Government of Tanzania to
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Msigallah and Gisela Berger of CCRB
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“I Had a Dream to Finish School”

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