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There have always been natural obstacles to the movement of plants and animals: climate, mountain ranges, oceans, but the pace of change with these obstructions offers a chance to adapt and therefore often ignites the flames of natural diversity. Human-wrought barriers however, whether they are suburban roads or international border walls, tend to have the opposite effect: They are sudden, defy nature’s logic, and, though some species may see benefits, the overall impact erodes biological diversity. Walls, however, can significantly affect natural processes too. A research from College of Life Science at Peking University found that the Great Wall of China has altered the genetic structure of the same species of plants on both sides of the wall by blocking its natural gene flow, that aids in the evolution of a species. Another version of a contemporary ‘‘Chinese wall’’ - almost 5 meter high fence in the US- Mexico border is said to block the natural flow of flood water, which in turn disrupts plant life at a UNESCO biosphere reserve in southwestern Arizona, known as Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. ‘‘The fences can curtail animals mobility, fragment populations and cause direct mortality.” Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, October 2016 74 REFUGIUM When the Berlin Wall was torn down a quarter-century ago, there were 16 border fences around the world. Today, there are 65 either completed or under construction. The walls do little to address the roots of insecurity and migration – global asylum applications and terrorist attacks have risen hugely despite the flurry of wall-building. They are mostly effective against the poorest and most desperate, says Reece Jones, a University of Hawaii professor and author of ‘Border Walls: Security and the War on Terror in the United States, India and Israel’. Like the French Maginot Line—a defensive system built in the 1930s that the Nazis merely avoided while invading France in World War II—a border wall can sometimes be sidestepped with an alternative route, albeit one that is often more dangerous. Jones states that, “The substantial increase in deaths at borders is the predictable result, since it funnels immigrants to more dangerous routes through the deserts of the US southwest or on rickety boats across the Mediterranean.’’ The experience showed that the walls are not efficient against the drug threat. ‘Well-funded drug cartels and terrorist groups are not affected by walls at all because they have the resources to enter by safer methods, most likely using fake documents,’ Jones claims. In 2015 Mexican police discovered an 800 meters long underground canal for drugs transportation extending from a house in Tijuana to San Diego. The canal was equipped with a rail car system, lined with metal beams to prevent collapse and ventilated. With the rising poverty and effects of climate change people will migrate no matter what the nature of the wall is - there is always an alternative, but often dangerous route. The choice is left to the governments to make - either to continue building barricades or to seek for a more future-oriented and sustainable solution.
The Moroccan Wall of Western Sahara is an approximately 2,700 km (1,700 mi) long structure, mostly a sand wall (or “berm”), running through Western Sahara and the southeastern portion of Morocco. It separates[1] the Moroccan occupied, and controlled, areas (Southern Provinces) and the Polisario-controlled areas (Free Zone, nominally Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) that lies along its eastern and southern border. 75 DANGEROUS JOURNEY The wall between United States and Mexico is not one continuous structure, but a grouping of relatively short physical walls, secured in between with a “virtual fence” which includes a system of sensors and cameras.
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RE FU GI life in motion UM GIUSEPPE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To professor Spadon
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ABSTRACT The refugee crisis is an o
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03 LIFE IN LIMBO 90 REFUGEE CAMPS 9
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CRISIS 01 STATISTICAL NIGHTMARE A l
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efugee /rɛfjʊˈdʒi/ meaning: a p
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PRESENT
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60 MIL ION People displaced worldwi
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Myanmar Vietnam Packistan Butan Sri
Page 23 and 24: A STATISTICAL NIGHTMARE within the
Page 25 and 26: In contrast Germany has publicly we
Page 27 and 28: 27 STATISTICAL NIGHTMARE
Page 29 and 30: - Country of Asylum 29 STATISTICAL
Page 31 and 32: 1981 1980 AFGHANISTAN ALGERIA ANGOL
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Page 35 and 36: Walking a thin line ‘I don’t th
Page 37 and 38: PAST/ PRESENT/ FUTURE Statistically
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Page 41 and 42: 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 50000
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Page 47 and 48: gs es Water DIversion Project 2057
Page 49 and 50: 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 50000
Page 51 and 52: VOLCANO STORMS TSUNAMI DROUGHT 51 S
Page 53 and 54: 53 REFUGIUM 02 DANGEROUS JOURNEY Th
Page 55 and 56: WHY IS THE JOURNEY IN THE CENTER OF
Page 57 and 58: there are no shelters, clean water
Page 59 and 60: The info-graphic on the left displa
Page 61 and 62: Daily, hundreds of people are tryin
Page 63 and 64: Syrian refugees walk through a dust
Page 65 and 66: 1200 1000 800 600 2016 400 200 2015
Page 67 and 68: Outside settled areas, southern Ari
Page 69 and 70: Unlike the natural barriers which a
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Page 73: fences are ever-more popular with p
Page 77 and 78: 77 DANGEROUS JOURNEY 2007 2013 2014
Page 79 and 80: Both EU members and Schengen Area m
Page 81 and 82: he will receive the rights granted
Page 83 and 84: Germany returned refugees to Austri
Page 85 and 86: KIDNAPPING, THREATS, HUMAN TRAFFICK
Page 87 and 88: CHILDREN ON THE MOVE With no family
Page 89 and 90: 89 REFUGIUM 03 LIFE IN LIMBO An ins
Page 91 and 92: ecommends one shower per 50 persons
Page 93 and 94: 0. LIST OF LIMBOS 1. KAKUMA (KENYA)
Page 95 and 96: “Sahrawi camps are unique refugee
Page 97 and 98: RECREATION AND LEISURE Recreation a
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Page 103 and 104: displacement.” Neither likely to
Page 105 and 106: 105 REFUGIUM 04 LIFE IN MOTION Esca
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Page 109 and 110: III The endpoint is a hybrid and co
Page 113 and 114: sion, depravity, poverty. This beco
Page 115 and 116: Refugium as a social space The hist
Page 119 and 120: 01 02 03 04 Although allowed to ent
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Globalization has torn the walls wh
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The Silk Road pulsated with life, e
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129 LIFE IN MOTION 11 09 16 Unesco
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NICARAGUA BERING STRAIT SAKHALIN TU
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Flows - Mapping the migration pheno
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Potentiality of Catastrophe Tailore
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137 LIFE IN MOTION
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ARCHITECTURE The Architecture itsel
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STRUCTURE Once the possibility of f
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CATWALK The catwalk is by definitio
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ESCALATOR Reaching down from the Ca
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COLLECTIVE ACTIVITIES The central
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Points Identifying the potentialiti
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CHRONOPROGRAM 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
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HEALTH CARE WOMEN AND CHILD CARE SP
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PM 11/28/2016 9:39:43 PM No. Descri
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Circulation in motion 159 LIFE IN M
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161 LIFE IN MOTION
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163 LIFE IN MOTION
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165 REFUGIUM
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Refugium - A paradigm shift 167 LIF
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169 LIFE IN MOTION A TESTING GROUND
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171 LIFE IN MOTION
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173 LIFE IN MOTION AGDAM NAROULIA
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EXHIBITION/EDUCATION VISTA FOREST V
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177 LIFE IN MOTION
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VERTICAL FOREST WALKWAYS HYDROPONIC
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181 LIFE IN MOTION
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PHOTO-VOLTAIC COVERING MEMORY BOXES
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Fleeing from Agdam, May 1993 Photo
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Salmo trutta aralensis Carassius ca
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189 LIFE IN MOTION
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191 LIFE IN MOTION
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193 DANGEROUS JOURNEY
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REFUGIUM
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allels/2014/03/27/294915903/crossin
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LIST OF USED IMAGES: pages 12, 13:
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