FDM Flipbook

Scientific Principles to Consider with Use of Flex Disc
Energy Systems
ATP is the fuel for movement. ATP breaks down into ADP + an
inorganic phosphate + a hydrogen ion and 7.3 kcals.
ATP is used in the two major energy systems: Aerobic and
Anaerobic Systems
The first used and most immediate energy system is the anaerobic
system, which is subdivided into the Phosphgen System (ATP-CP)
and the Lactate System (ATP-LA).
Regardless of the effort of movement, the ATP-CP system is the
primary system in use for the first 10-15 seconds. The ATP-LA
system is then the primary catalyst for ATP breakdown. The ATP-LA
system is the primary energy system in use for up to 120 seconds
of movement.
The Aerobic System is the most abundant and largest energy
system allowing for nearly endless volumes of movement at
submaximal levels. This system becomes the primary system in
use after efforts lasting greater than three minutes.
It is important to note that no one system is ever in use exclusively,
regardless of the duration or effort of movement.
For optimal ATP regeneration it is important to note in the graph below the work to rest ratios
System Work to Rest Ratio Duration of Rest Ranges
ATP-CP 1:6 up to 1:12 3 to 5 minutes
ATP-LA 1:3 up to 1:5 60 to 120 seconds
Aerobic 1:1 or less < 1 minute
It is important to note that full regeneration of ATP occurs in approximately 5 minutes where as phosphocreatine levels fully regenerate in approximately 8 minutes.
It is also important to note that the accumulation of hydrogen ions from high intensity exercise that is greater than 15 seconds but less than 3 minutes requires lactic
acid and sodium bicarbonate to buffer the accumulation of hydrogen in the bloodstream. The point when the body cannot sustain that level of effort for an extended
period of time is called the Lactate Threshold or Ventilatory Threshold. :
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