Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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Review of Pharmacology Aerosol Delivery of Drugs Four classes of anti-asthma drugs (β 2 agonists, anticholinergics, sodium cromoglycate and steroids) can be administered by inhalational route. This route is aimed to decrease systemic side effects of these drugs. Two types of aerosols can be used. • Aerosols using drug in solution: These include metered dose inhaler (MDI) and nebulizer. - MDI use chlorofluorocarbons (less preferred due to their effect on ozone layer) or hydrofluoroalkane propellants. These deliver the drug in spray form. Disadvantage of these devices is that they require proper co-ordination between deep inspiration and inhaler activation which many patients (especially children and elderly) are unable to do. Use of a spacer decrease the requirement of this co-ordination – Nebulizers produce a mist of drug solution generated by pressurized air. These do not require hand-inspiration co-ordination and are therefore preferred in children, elderly and very severe episodes of asthma. • Aerosols using drugs as dry powder: These include spinhaler and rotahaler. Disadvantage of these devices is that they require high velocity inspiration (not suitable for children, elderly and very sick patients) and these can cause irritation of the air passage (leading to cough and bronchoconstriction). Respiratory System 474 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
Respiratory System Condition • Bronchial Asthma Drug of choice Drug of choice –– Acute attack Salbutamol –– Acute attack in pregnancy Salbutamol –– Acute attack during labour Ipratropium –– Acute attack in patients on beta blocker therapy Ipratropium –– Prophylaxis Corticosteroids • Exercise-induced asthma –– Acute attack Salbutamol –– Prophylaxis Corticosteroids • Aspirin-induced asthma –– Acute attack Salbutamol –– Prophylaxis Corticosteroids General Respiratory Pharmacology System 475 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
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Review of Pharmacology Ninth Editio
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Dedicated to My parents, wife Prave
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Preface to the Ninth Edition We wan
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Acknowledgments When emotions are p
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References • Harrison’s Princip
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Contents 1. History of Pharmacology
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CHAPTER 1 History of pharmacology S
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CHAPTER 2 General Pharmacology Phar
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General Pharmacology Note: It is si
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General Pharmacology Drug metaboliz
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General Pharmacology Order of kinet
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General Pharmacology Therapeutic Dr
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General Pharmacology Fig. 2.4: G-pr
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General Pharmacology sigmoid shaped
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General Pharmacology Phase 1: Here,
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General Pharmacology 5. Essential m
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General Pharmacology (b) Bioavailab
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General Pharmacology (c) Are highly
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General Pharmacology (c) Strong aci
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General Pharmacology (a) 50 mg/hour
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General Pharmacology 140. Phamacoge
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General Pharmacology (c) Piroxicam
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206. Which of the following drugs s
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General Pharmacology 29. In which t
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General Pharmacology Explanations 1
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General Pharmacology • Other fact
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General Pharmacology -- Suppose, 10
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General Pharmacology 77. Ans. (a) W
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= 40 L × 4 mg/L = 160 mg Clearance
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General Pharmacology 126. Ans. (c)
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General Pharmacology 154. Ans. (d)
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General Pharmacology Intolerance is
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General Pharmacology 6. Ans. (b) b
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CHAPTER 3 Autonomic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System Functions
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Autonomic Nervous System • Carbac
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Autonomic Nervous System used for g
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Autonomic Nervous System -- Central
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Autonomic Nervous System • Theref
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Autonomic Nervous System • Eye: S
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Autonomic Nervous System • Dopami
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Autonomic Nervous System • Phenox
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Autonomic Nervous System Lipid Inso
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Autonomic Nervous System Drug of Ch
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Multiple Choice Questions Autonomic
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Organo
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(c) Physostigmime (d) Hyoscine hydr
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Tropic
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132. A drug that blocks the uptake
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165. Clonidine is used for: (Kolkat
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as an effective substitute which do
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Autonomic Nervous System 13. Which
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Increa
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Autonomic Nervous System 9. Ans. (a
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Autonomic Nervous System 39. Ans. (
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Autonomic Nervous System - Temazepa
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Autonomic Nervous System 103. Ans.
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Autonomic Nervous System have no ef
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Autonomic Nervous System 23. Ans. (
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CHAPTER 4 Autacoids These are the s
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Autacoids All second generation ant
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Autacoids v v v v v Calcium channel
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Autacoids nary bypass. It can also
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Autacoids to presence of sulfur con
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Autacoids Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheu
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Autacoids It is a monoclonal antibo
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Autacoids Drug of choice Condition
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15. Anti-vertigo drug which modulat
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49. Sumatriptan is: (DPG 1999, TN 2
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81. All of the following effects ar
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114. Which prostaglandin helps in c
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Autacoids 148. Which of the followi
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Autacoids 30. A 15 year old boy was
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Autacoids 16. Ans. (b) Dangerous ve
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Autacoids 56. Ans. (c) Cyclooxygena
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Autacoids 85. Ans. (b) Aspirin supp
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Autacoids 125. Ans. (b) Indomethaci
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Autacoids 13. Ans. (a) Naproxen (Re
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CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System CON
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Cardiovascular System In atrial fib
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System should be use
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Cardiovascular System tive α 1 blo
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Cardiovascular System nifedipine an
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System ANGINA PECTOR
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Cardiovascular System BETA BLOCKERS
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Cardiovascular System The action po
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Cardiovascular System depolarized c
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Cardiovascular System • Digoxin i
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Cardiovascular System Contd... •
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Cardiovascular System DRUG OF CHOIC
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15. Digoxin toxicity is aggravated
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(c) Treat digoxin toxicity (d) Rapi
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(c) Decreases sodium and increases
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Cardiovascular System 113. All of t
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146. Which of the following drugs i
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Cardiovascular System 180. Characte
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213. In a patient with hypertriglyc
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247. ACE inhibitors cause: (PGI Dec
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Cardiovascular System 16. Dialysis
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Cardiovascular System 53. Which of
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• Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP
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Cardiovascular System 43. Ans. (d)
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Cardiovascular System 81. Ans. (a)
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Cardiovascular System -- Hypertensi
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Cardiovascular System Cyanide has v
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Cardiovascular System 13. Ans (b) P
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CHAPTER 6 Kidney Diuretics Diuretic
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Kidney Uses Main use of loop diuret
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Kidney • Amiloride is more potent
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Kidney Amiloride It is the agent of
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Kidney Multiple Choice Questions di
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30. Which of the following statemen
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66. Advantage of desmopressin over
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Kidney Explanations 1. Ans. (b) Hyp
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16. Ans. (b) Bumetanide (Ref: KDT 6
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Kidney 55. Ans (d) V 4 : Central Ne
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CHAPTER 7 Endocrinology Hormones ar
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Endocrinology Prolactin It causes g
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Endocrinology • In the liver and
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Endocrinology I 131 can be used for
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Endocrinology Drug interactions •
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Endocrinology Lactic acidosis (more
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Endocrinology 3. amylin analogs Pra
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Endocrinology Important Points Maxi
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Endocrinology • Steroids with sel
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Endocrinology • Vitamin D 2 is er
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Endocrinology Denosumab Osteoclasts
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Endocrinology • SERMs are targete
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Endocrinology Contd... • Uliprist
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Endocrinology only pills. Chances o
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Endocrinology Pharmacokinetics Test
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Endocrinology Ergot Derivatives Erg
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Endocrinology Contd... • Hyperpro
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completion of therapy, the patient
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(c) Glucose (d) Starch 47. True abo
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(c) Na + exit/K + entry (d) K + ent
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Endocrinology 113. Which of the fol
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147. Bisphosphonates act by: (AI 20
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180. Women receiving estrogen thera
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(c) Clomiphene (d) Mifepristone (RU
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246. Mechanism of Calcitriol is: (R
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Endocrinology 32. Drug used to cont
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(b) Glimepiride (c) Repaglinide (d)
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Endocrinology Explanations 1. Ans.
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Endocrinology 24. Ans. (c) Propylth
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Endocrinology • When this drug is
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Endocrinology Hypoglycemia is cause
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Endocrinology Drugs causing Addison
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Endocrinology Raloxifene is a selec
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Endocrinology • Enzyme inducers l
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Endocrinology 197. Ans. (b) Blocks
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Endocrinology A spider angioma (als
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Endocrinology 4. Ans (c) Glaucoma (
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Endocrinology 70. Ans. (c) Mifepris
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NOTES _____________________________
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CHAPTER 8 Central Nervous System Se
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Central Nervous System It is admini
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Central Nervous System • Abnormal
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Central Nervous System useful in AD
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Central Nervous System Wilson’s D
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Central Nervous System Important Dr
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Central Nervous System • Lamotrig
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Central Nervous System play a role
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Central Nervous System According to
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Central Nervous System bulimia, pre
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Central Nervous System Anti Manic D
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Central Nervous System dependence,
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Central Nervous System increase hea
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Central Nervous System Actions •
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Central Nervous System Contd... •
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(c) Alkalization of the urine will
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Central Nervous System (c) Ketamine
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79. Drug of choice for myoclonic ep
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(c) Phenytoin (d) Valproic acid 112
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146. Which of the following antipsy
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(c) Regular measurements of blood c
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210. A patient Rajnish having depre
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242. Drug useful in malignant hyper
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279. Preferred drug for alcohol wit
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314. Morphine can administered by a
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(c) Analgesia (d) Mydriasis 348. Di
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17. Antiparkinson drug known to cau
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53. Which drug is the most useful i
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Central Nervous System 15. Ans. (c)
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Central Nervous System 39. Ans. (b)
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67. Ans. (a) Phenytoin (Ref: Katzun
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97. Ans. (a) Hepatitis (Ref: KDT 6/
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Central Nervous System 145. Ans (c)
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Central Nervous System 159. Ans. (d
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Central Nervous System 187. Ans. (b
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Central Nervous System 212. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 258. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 303. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 326. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 60. Ans. (a)
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CHAPTER 9 Anaesthesia Local Anaesth
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Anaesthesia trigeminal nerve, cervi
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Anaesthesia Centrally Acting Muscle
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Anaesthesia • These drugs release
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic MAC (% atm)
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Anaesthesia Methemoglobinemia and l
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Anaesthesia Chloroform • It is a
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Anaesthesia Contd... • It does no
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic agents of c
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Anaesthesia Multiple Choice Questio
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33. Post dural (Spinal) puncture he
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(b) Dantrolene (c) Succinylcholine
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103. Which of the following drugs a
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Page 437 and 438: Anaesthesia Explanations 1. Ans (c)
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Page 441 and 442: Anaesthesia 49. Ans. (b) Meprobamat
Page 443 and 444: Anaesthesia • The patient underwe
Page 445 and 446: Anaesthesia 91. Ans. (b) Sevofluran
Page 447 and 448: Anaesthesia • In pheochromocytoma
Page 449 and 450: CHAPTER 10 Hematology HAEMATINICS T
Page 451 and 452: Hematology • Deficiency of folic
Page 453 and 454: Hematology • Main drugs acting as
Page 455 and 456: Hematology 1. Oral Anticoagulants
Page 457 and 458: Hematology • Bioavailability of u
Page 459 and 460: Hematology • Rodenticides contain
Page 461 and 462: Hematology Condition • Anemia Dru
Page 463 and 464: (c) Erythropoietin (d) Filgrastim (
Page 465 and 466: Hematology 46. Tirofiban is a: (RJ
Page 467 and 468: 80. The anticoagulant of choice in
Page 469 and 470: 6. Mechanism of action of clopidogr
Page 471 and 472: Hematology Explanations 1. Ans. (c)
Page 473 and 474: Hematology 17. Ans. (d) Oprelvekin
Page 475 and 476: Hematology 51. Ans. (a) Dabigatran:
Page 477 and 478: Hematology 71. Ans. (c) Warfarin (R
Page 479 and 480: Hematology 106. Ans. (c) Streptokin
Page 481 and 482: CHAPTER 11 Respiratory System Cough
Page 483 and 484: Respiratory System fast acting also
Page 485: Respiratory System LT receptor anta
Page 489 and 490: 17. The most prominent and dose rel
Page 491 and 492: Respiratory System 52. In theophyll
Page 493 and 494: Respiratory System Explanations 1.
Page 495 and 496: Respiratory System • Inhalational
Page 497 and 498: CHAPTER 12 Gastrointestinal Tract P
Page 499 and 500: Gastrointestinal Tract Contd... --
Page 501 and 502: Gastrointestinal Tract Anti Emetic
Page 503 and 504: Gastrointestinal Tract Domperidone
Page 505 and 506: Gastrointestinal Tract Oral Rehydra
Page 507 and 508: Gastrointestinal Tract Condition
Page 509 and 510: (c) Misoprostol (d) Omeprazole 15.
Page 511 and 512: 49. The most effective antiemetic f
Page 513 and 514: Gastrointestinal Tract recent Quest
Page 515 and 516: Gastrointestinal Tract Explanations
Page 517 and 518: Gastrointestinal Tract 30. Ans. (b)
Page 519 and 520: Gastrointestinal Tract 1. EarlyPhas
Page 521 and 522: Gastrointestinal Tract 17. Ans. (c)
Page 523 and 524: CHAPTER 13 Chemotherapy A: General
Page 525 and 526: Chemotherapy A: General Considerati
Page 527 and 528: contd... Drugs Binds to Mechanism o
Page 533 and 534: Contd... Chemotherapy A: General Co
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Clinical Uses Chemotherapy A: Gener
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Chemotherapy A: General Considerati
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Important Points About Antimicrobia
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128. Ans. (b) Trovafloxacin (Goodma
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CHAPTER 14 Chemotherapy B: Antimicr
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Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for
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Clofazimine It is a dye with lepros
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Foscarnet It is not an antimetaboli
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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16. Bactericidal drugs in ATT are:
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50. Ethambutol should be used very
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120. Regarding ritonavir use in AID
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ACTs). All of the following combina
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ecent Questions asked by National B
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Explanations Chemotherapy B: Antimi
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25. Ans. (b) Ethionamide (Ref: KDT
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CHAPTER 15 Chemotherapy C: Antineop
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Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drug
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4-5 years). Another distinguishing
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GnRH Antagonists Cetrorelix, ganire
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This drug was used in 1960s as a se
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Multiple Choice Questions Chemother
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37. Which of the following statemen
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CHAPTER 16 Immunomodulators IMMUNOS
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Immunomodulators 9. Antibodies Poly
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Immunomodulators Examples of each t
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Immunomodulators Clinical Diagnosis
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(b) Podophylline (c) Interferon (d)
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(c) Cytarabine (d) Cycloserine 51.
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Immunomodulators Explanations 1. An
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Immunomodulators 14. Ans. (a) Syste
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Immunomodulators 33. Ans. (a) Gluco
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CHAPTER 17 Other Topics and Adverse
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects Co
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17. A 2 years old child without fev
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54. Isotretinoin is: (PGI June, 200
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects (c
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects 39
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects 55
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects Dr
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CHAPTER 18 Drugs of Choice Drug of
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Drugs of Choice Contd... Hypertensi
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Contd... VRSA LINEZOLID/STREPTOGRAM
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CHAPTER 19 New Drugs 1. Abatacept:
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New Drugs 52. Canakinumab: A human
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New Drugs 100. Ecallantide: A plasm
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New Drugs 153. Laronidase: Recombin
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New Drugs 204. Peginesatide: A pept
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New Drugs been approved for the tre
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New Drugs and B lymphocytes after e
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New Drugs prevents nausea and vomit
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CHAPTER 20 Recent Topics TRICYCLIC
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Recent Topics 2. Drugs 5-HT 2 recep
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Recent Topics Arginine NOS NO + Cit
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Recent Topics Contd... Drug Tetracy
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Recent Topics -- If the patient has
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CHAPTER 21 Latest Papers AIIMS Nove
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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• Clindamycin and erythromycin ar
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Latest Papers AIIMS May 2014 1. Whi
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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13. Ans. a. Hypokalemia (Ref: Harri
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NOTES _____________________________
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Image Based Questions https://kat.c
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Image Based Questions 1. The result
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5. A new antiarrhythmic drug is fou
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10. Amarnath, a 58 year old busines
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14. A 72-year-old male, Hemraj was
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(rapid vs slow induction of anesthe
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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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