BIOS 255n DeVry Entire Course

BIOS 255n DeVry Entire Course
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BIOS 255n DeVry Entire Course
BIOS255
BIOS 255n DeVry Entire Course
(Anatomy and Physiology)
BIOS 255n Week 1 Discussion 1
The Heart (graded)
The human heart is a four-chambered hydraulic pump. A hydraulic pump uses differences in pressure to move material
from areas of higher pressures to areas of lower pressures. The pressure differences created by the heart move blood
between the chambers and the circulatory systems. Let’s begin our discussion by identifying the chambers of the heart
and their functions, the associated valves, and the names and general route of their associated great vessels.
BIOS 255n Week 1 Discussion 2
The Contraction Cycle (graded)
The contraction cycle of the heart is the series of events that occurs during one heartbeat. Each beat of the heart
includes the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the atria and then the ventricles. Let’s begin the
examination of this cycle by discussing electrical conduction through the heart.
BIOS 255n Week 2 Discussion 1
Blood Vessel Structure (graded)
Let’s start by discussing the structure of our blood vessels. Let’s each take a characteristic of (1) arteries, (2) veins, or
(3) capillaries. Build upon what your classmates say to enable us to have a more full understanding of these vessels
that are essential for our existence.
BIOS 255n Week 2 Discussion 2
Blood Flow Dynamics (graded)

Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle in any given minute. Cardiac output must
be maintained in order to keep sufficient blood flow through the capillaries. Identify the factors that directly affect blood
flow in the circulatory system.
BIOS 255n Week 3 Discussion 1
Whole Blood (graded)
Describe the composition, physical characteristics, and functions of whole blood. Explain why it is classified as a
connective tissue.
BIOS 255n Week 3 Discussion 2
Liquid Connective Tissue (graded)
Explain the similarities and differences among serum, lymph, and plasma. Each student should take one characteristic
of the fluid, extracellular component of this connective tissue and explain how it relates to the other liquids.
BIOS 255n Week 4 Discussion 1
The Lymphatic System (graded)
How do the various components of the lymphatic system operate? We have talked about many organ systems. In what
ways are components of the lymphatic system involved in many other organ systems? Try to focus on one element of
this system and provide an in-depth view of its contribution to our overall health.
BIOS 255n Week 4 Discussion 2
Nonspecific Immunity (graded)
How do the various elements of the nonspecific immune system function in providing daily protection against a variety
of pathogens? Each student should provide a unique aspect of the nonspecific immune system and educate the rest
of us concerning its function and how effective (or ineffective) it is against one class of pathogens.
BIOS 255n Week 5 Discussion 1
B and T Cells (graded)
Our knowledge and understanding of the various forms of lymphocytes continue to expand. Our initial discussion this
week will be on the various forms of B and T cells — each of us should take one class of lymphocytes and explain it’s
role in the adaptive immune process. As you comment on other students’ postings be sure to add additional insight into
the mechanisms of the subclass of cell and its interactions with both components of the innate and other aspects of the
adaptive immune system.
BIOS 255n Week 5 Discussion 2
Vaccinations – Friend or Foe (graded)
Recently a number of individuals have claimed that adjuvants, such as thymersol in vaccines, lead to the development
of a variety of disorders, such as autism. Although these initial claims have not been substantiated and have since
been withdrawn from the scientific literature, the concern continues today. How would you counsel parents concerning
vaccination? Discuss the issue of herd immunity and the risks in our modern society related to refusal to provide
vaccinations.

BIOS 255n Week 6 Discussion 1
Respiratory Anatomy (graded)
Describe the anatomy and histology of the respiratory system and how each of the functions are related.
BIOS 255n Week 6 Discussion 2
Breathing (graded)
Describe the events that cause inhalation and exhalation and how Boyle’s law relates to the events.
BIOS 255n Week 7 Discussion 1
Transport of Gases (graded)
Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood, and explain how their loading and unloading is
affected by temperature, pH, BPG, and PCO2.
BIOS 255n Week 7 Discussion 2
Respiratory Diseases (graded)
Compare the causes and consequences of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Once we have
made these comparisons then we should follow up on other disorders that affect either the upper or lower respiratory
systems. Be sure to comment on others postings in terms of new information that can contribute to a more complete
understanding of the diseases you pick.
BIOS 255n DeVry Week 4 Midterm Exam
Question 1. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following is a major function of blood?
o
o
o
o
o
production of enzymes
production of neurotransmitters
transduction of pressure
transportation of heat
contractility
Question 2. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were
agglutinated by anti-A serum but not by anti-B serum nor by anti-Rh serum
B Negative
B positive
negative
positive
A negative
Question 3. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following formed elements in blood only temporarily move through
the blood before they become fixed in the tissues as macrophages?

o
o
o
o
o
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
monocytes
basophils
eosinophils
Question 4. Question : (TCO3) Reduced vitamin B12 absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic
factor production from the stomach results in a condition called
o
o
o
o
o
hemorrhagic
aplastic anemia
megaloblastic anemia
pernicious anemia
iron deficiency anemia
Question 5. Question : (TCO3) Serum is
o
o
o
o
o
The same as plasma
plasma without the clotting factors
the same as lymph
formed during the first step in blood clotting
pulmonary interstitial fluid
Question 6. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to T-cells?
o
o
o
o
o
myeloid stem cells
meyloblasts
lymphoid stem cells
proerythroblast
megakaryoblast
Question 7. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet
adhesion and release?
o
o
o
o
o
heparin
fibrinogen
plasmin
antithrombin
prostacyclin
Question 8. Question : (TCO3) Myeloid stem cells reside in
o
o
o
o
o
the blood
the yellow marrow
the thymus gland
the red marrow
the spleen

Question 9. Question : (TCO1) The tough, inelastic dense connective tissue that surrounds the heart is called
the
o
o
o
o
o
endocardium
pleura
serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium
epicardium
Question 10. Question : (TCO1) During heart transplants, the ______ nerves are severed resulting in a faster
resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant
o
o
o
o
o
glossopharyngeal
cardiac accelerator
vagus
phrenic
cervical spinal
Question 11. Question : (TCO1) Which of the following factors lead to depressed cardiac output?
o
o
o
o
o
acidosis
alkalosis
hypoxia
all of the above
none of the above have any depressive effects on the heart
Question 12. Question : (TCO1) If a person’s resting heart rate is 70 and their resting stroke volume is 60 ml of
blood, then their cardiac output is _______ L/min
o 10
o 4200
o 4.2
o 130
o 1.3
Question 13. Question : (TCO1) The purpose of the foramen ovale during fetal life is to
o
o
o
o
o
have the blood bypass the stomach
have the blood bypass the liver
have the blood bypass the lungs
have the blood bypass the placenta
have the blood bypass the brain
Question 14. Question : (TCO1) Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of
the heart.
o
o
o
valves
myocardium
SA node

o
o
AV node
endocardium
Question 15. Question : (TCO1) Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) waves represents ventricular
repolarization?
o
o
o
o
o
R wave
Q wave
P wave
S wave
T wave
Question 16. Question : (TCO1) Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulated heart
rate?
o
o
o
o
o
midbrain
cerebrum
medullar oblongata
cerebellum
thalamus
Question 17. Question : (TCO1) Which layer of the heart is comprised of epithelial cells?
o
o
o
o
o
myocardium
epicardium
endocardium
pericardium
serous pericardium
Question 18. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following categories of hypertensive drugs lower blood pressure
by blocking the formation of angtiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?
o
o
o
o
o
diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
anabolic steroids
Question 19. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of
145/95 be placed in?
o
o
o
o
o
normal
high normal
prehypertension
stage 1 hypertension
stage 2 hypertension

Question 20. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in
response to hypovolemic shock?
o
o
o
o
o
Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone
kidneys conserve salt and water
heart rate increases
systemic arterioles vasodilate
heart contractility increases
Question 21. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure?
o
o
o
o
o
Carotid artery
internal jugular vein
median cubital vein
inferior vena cava
none of the above
Question 22. Question : (TCO2) During fetal development, the blood from the pulmonary veins are shunted into
the pulmonary arteries by the
o
o
o
o
o
ductus arteriousus
foramen ovale
ductus venosus
placenta
ligamentum arteriosum
Question 23. Question : (TCO2) Most capillaries throughout the body are
o
o
o
o
o
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoids
portal systems
vasoconstrictory throughputs
continuous
Question 24. Question : (TCO2) Capillaries are also referred to as
o
o
o
o
o
exchange vessels
vasoconstrictors
vasodilators
pressure reservoirs
distributing vessels
Question 25. Question : (TCO2) The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic blood vessels in one
minute is called
o
o
o
o
stroke volume
tidal volume
cardiac output
cardiac reserve

o
total peripheral resistance
Question 26. Question : (TCO3) What is the pulse pressure of a person that has a systolic pressure of 150 mm
Hg with a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg?
Question 27. Question : (TCO3) Determine the mean arterial pressure for a patient with an average systolic
pressure of 120 mm Hg with a mean diastolic pressure of 60 mm Hg:
Question 28. Question : (TCO3) What is the resting cardiac output (in liters) of an athlete with a stroke volume
of 75 ml and a resting heart rate of 60 beats/minute?
Question 29. Question : (TCO3) The same athlete during exercise has a heart rate of 180 beats/minute with an
increase of stroke volume to 125 ml. What is their cardiac output during exercise?
Question 30. Question : (TCO3) What is the cardiac cycle for a person with a resting heart rate of 80 beats per
minute?
Question 31. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the face and head (except
the brain) with oxygenated blood?
Question 32. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the blood vessel that is the distal extension of the external
iliac artery as it enters the leg?
Question 33. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the blood vessel that drains deoxygenated blood from the
medial aspect of the forearm?
Question 34. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the vein that is found behind the kneecap on the posterior
surface of the leg?
Question 35. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of this blood vessel that is highlighted?
Question 36. Question : (TCO3) List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from
a damaged blood vessel.
Question 37. Question : (TCO1) Define arrhythmia and discuss different categories of arrhythmias.
Question 38. Question : (TCO2) What is a portal vein? Describe the hepatic portal circulation and its functional
significance

BIOS 255n DeVry Week 1 iLab
Exercise 27: Heart Structure and Function
Complete the following illustrations and post it in the Week1 Dropbox.
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18.
19. 20. 21.
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
16.
BIOS 255n DeVry Week 2 iLab
Bios 225n Week 2 Lab Exercise
Review of the Arteries
.jpg”>
1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18.
19. 20. 21.
22. 23. 24.
25. 26. 27.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36
37.
Review of the Veins
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18.
19. 20. 21.
22. 23. 24.
25. 26. 27.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32.
BIOS 255n DeVry Week 3 iLab
Exercises Review of the Major Veins of the Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis
1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10. 11. 12.13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18.19. 20.
Review of Major Arteries of the Lower Limb1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.
Review of Major Veins of the Lower Limb
1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10. 11.
BIOS 255n DeVry Week 5 iLab
Lymphatic System & Disease Resistance
1.Describe lymphatic system functions.

.jpg” alt=”LymphaticVessels2″>2. Locate each of the following lymphatic vessels:
right lymphatic duct, thoracic (left lymphatic) duct,
.gif”>.gif”>.gif”>right and left subclavian veins, and cisterna chyli.
a
b.
c.
d.
.gif”>
.jpg” alt=”BloodLymphMovement”>
e. Determine the direction of blood and lymph movement between arterioles, blood and lymph capillaries, and venules.
f. Describe the lymphatic system role with regard to lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins.
3. What are the thymus gland functions?
4. Identify each of the following in a lymph node: afferent lymphatic vessels and efferent vessels.
.jpg” alt=”LymphNode”> a.
.gif”>.gif”>b.
c. What is the function of the macrophages within the lymph nodes?
d. Identify spleen functions..jpg” alt=”Spleen”>
.jpg” alt=”Cytolysis2″>
5. T Lymphocytes:Some activated cytotoxic T cells produce perforin. What is the function of perforin?
.jpg” alt=”Lymphotoxin”>
6. Some activated cytotoxic T cells produce Lymphotoxin. What is the function of lymphotoxin?
.jpg” alt=”Antibodies”>7. Activated B Lymphocytes are transformed into plasma cells that produce antibodies. Name
five ways antibodies can destroy foreign cells and substances.
BIOS 255n DeVry Week 6 iLab
Acute respiratory disorder
Acute respiratory disorder
BIOS 255n DeVry Final Exam
Question #1. Describe the feedback mechanism involved in erythropoiesis.
Question #2. Describe the cardiac cycle (include conduction, contraction, heart sounds and EKG information).
Question #3. Describe the factors that increase blood pressure (negative feedback involved in blood pressure
regulation).

Question #4. Describe the responses involved in non-specific immunity.
Question #5. Describe cell-mediated immunity (antigen presentation, antigen recognition, activation and cellular
response). Include both CD8 and CD4 T cells.
Question #6. Describe antibody-mediated immunity (antigen presentation, antigen recognition, activation and
cellular response).
Question #7. Describe the events, pressures and muscles involved in inhalation and exhalation.
Question #8. Describe how breathing is regulated through the negative feedback control of PCO2, PO2 and pH.