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Summary :<br />
Atoms are what make up everything in this world. Despite its size, they are<br />
also made of three different charges known as protons, electrons, and neutrons.<br />
Protons are the positive charge of an atom while electrons are the negative<br />
charge and neutrons have a charge of 0. Protons and neutrons are located in<br />
the nucleus of an atom and electrons are found circling around the center in areas<br />
called shells or orbitals. In an element, the protons and neutrons can be found by<br />
the atomic number while the electrons can be found by subtracting the atomic number<br />
by the atomic mass. They may be what make up an atom but there are even smaller<br />
particles known as nucleons and quarks.Nucleons and quarks are located inside the<br />
protons but they arent as important. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are significant<br />
and so are ions. Ions are atoms with extra electrons or missing electrons.<br />
So when you are missing an electron two, you have a positive charge and when<br />
you have an extra electron or two, you have a negative charge. Ions are formed when<br />
something has given up or taken electron.This is called an electrovalence. Valence is<br />
a measure of how much an atom wants to bond with other atoms. its also a measure<br />
of how many electrons are "excited" about bonding with other atoms. There are two<br />
different ways of bonding: covalent and electrovalent. Ionic bonds are electrovalent<br />
bonds which are just groups held together by electrical forces. An atom that is missing<br />
a neutron or has an extra neutron are Isotopes. As you move to higher atomic numbers<br />
in the periodic table. you will probably find even more isotopes for each element.
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