Seerah - The Life of the Prophet (pbuh)

Dealings with the Local Jews
Mutual support in the event of foreign aggression and maintaining of
peaceful relations were clauses enshrined within the pact made with
the Jews. However, the Jews, to their own detriment, failed to keep to
their agreement. Instead, they tried at every opportunity to bring harm
to the Muslims.
The Ban[ Qaynuq\` was the first Jewish tribe that the Messenger of
All\h r dealt with. They had conspired against the Muslims on
numerous occasions and even went as far as to declare war against
them. The Prophet r led an army to their stronghold and besieged
them. After a siege of fifteen days, the Ban[ Qaynuq\` surrendered.
They went into exile and moved to Syria.
The Ban[ Na}|r, on their part, would tip off the Quraysh of Muslim
activities in an attempt to undermine the Muslim cause. They even
made an attempt on the life of the Prophet r when he paid a visit to
them. The Prophet r besieged them for two weeks. They eventually
surrendered and migrated, taking their possessions along with them.
Battle of A#z\b - Dhul-Qa`dah 5 A.H.
Though the Quraysh had killed many Muslims in the Battle of U#ud,
they had not been able to eliminate them. And so they considered the
Battle of U#ud an incomplete task. With the aim of extermination,
they made their preparations for a bloody execution. Ab[ Sufy\n was
able to call up 4,000 men, then a huge figure, just from Makkah. From
the East, the Gha{f\n and the Ban[ Sulaim allied with Quraysh for the
joint mission. And, surprisingly, from Mad|nah, the Jewish tribe of the
Ban[ Quray~ah, in breach of all treaties, also joined them. In all, ten
thousand men marched towards Mad|nah for the butchering.
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