Don't panic Berlin EXPO Shanghai The Lower Inn Valley line as a ...

down under
PROJECT
Don’t panic
1.2010 // The ALPINE Company Magazine
LIVING SPACES
EXPO Shanghai
The Lower Inn Valley line
as a future vision for
sustainable transport
CITY PORTRAIT
Berlin

Lower Inn Valley line, Tyrol / AT
PAGE 14

1.2010
Andreas Eder
ALPINE Head of Marketing
Editorial
Dear Readers,
Now there are two. Six months after the first issue, there is now an even more important INSIDE
– the second one, which means that our magazine is now a serial publication. The fact that it is
a serial publication means that we have withstood our baptism of fire; the feedback we received
has been gladly taken on board, we have improved the good things, left out the not-so-good
things and expanded from 52 to 56 pages due to the countless number of exciting topics. Acquiring
serial production status also means that expectations are higher and the bar will be raised
with each new issue. In other words, the height of the hurdle that we have to jump is increasing,
but the distance between each hurdle remains the same.
You might think that we’re lucky because, as a construction company, we’re used to this kind
of thing. After all, when you’re involved in the construction industry, you get used to a lot of
things. You grin and bear adverse conditions without complaining, you spend a lot of time away
from home and you’re not fazed by any technical problems that may occur. However, the moment
when you stand in front of your finished construction and think about the significance of
your own work is something that you never get used to. When you’ve worked every single day
over several years on a dam, you lose sight of the sheer size of the project. When you have to dig
into a mountain metre by metre, there’s no time to take a breather, step back and admire your
work. But right at the end, you just stand there; your own project in front of your eyes. And you
really get a feeling for what you’ve created.
We’ll be writing a lot about the various ways in which we manage to achieve this feeling. Reporting
about projects that we’ve completed. We want you to be able to share in our experiences.
So, come with us ‘down under’. See how the Lower Inn Valley construction project is a law unto
itself. Learn how we worked under high pressure – in the truest sense of the phrase – in order to
be a successful part of a large-scale European project. Or come in the other direction with us –
upwards – in a crane that sways several metres in the wind. I guarantee that you will never forget
this feeling.
In this issue, we provide you with even more in-depth insights into the world of construction.
It’s a world that looks calm on the surface, in the sense that it is unostentatious, transparent and
down to earth. What we create is real, and you can feel it in every step you take. However, we are
also involved in working on things that are not quite so tangible. How can we move forward in
terms of energy and the environment? What is modern today but will be a burden in the future?
What’s the next big thing? Get to know the people who grapple with these issues. Learn how
they work and what drives them.
For a spot of relaxation, we invite you to take a look at our wellness section. The two projects
presented in this section may be completely different, but they have the same aim: to offer people
a little rest and relaxation. Once you’ve read about the Oberlaa Thermal Baths and the Tauern Spa
Kaprun, you’ll really want to go there. Feel free – just as soon as we’ve finished building them.
Or visit Berlin with us. Gain an insight into this fast-paced metropolis with our new ‘City Portrait’
section. In future issues, we’ll give you information about various impressive cities which
play an important role in our work. And finally, you can go on an adventure to Shanghai for
EXPO 2010. In this case, China’s most important industrial city is just eight pages away from
Berlin.
There are also a couple of extra topics you can discover for yourselves. Sadly, I’ve now used all my
space up.
Once again, enjoy reading.
03

INTERVIEW
MARKET
PROJECT
COMPANY
LIVING SPACES
TECHNOLOGY
CITY PORTRAIT
INNOVATION
RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENT
//
CONTENT
06 A construction worker has character
10 Forging an alliance between the state and the private sector
14 Down Under
19 Insights
20 Don’t panic
24 The power of water
27 Expat // New Delhi
28 A good outlook
32 A better foundation
34 Mr Spock and Shanghai as shining beacons of light
37 Insights
38 Plug in, switch on
40 Just a matter of time
42 Berlin – built on sand
47 Insights
48 Valley of the alpine meadows
50 Only the toughest need apply
52 Separation with a future
54 Constructive // Being brave enough to fill the gaps
54 Imprint
The ALPINE Company Magazine
Issue 2 / May 2010
You can find more information at
INSIDE.alpINE.at Ü

TOP TOPICS
LOWER INN VALLEY
Down Under
The Lower Inn Valley is part of a breathtaking future railway vision: the
Berlin–Palermo route. The largest stretch of the line will run underground
– much to the delight of transport-plagued residents. The challenges for
both man and machine are enormous.
14
SPORTS FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
Don’t panic
Enjoyment, enthusiasm and fun are what make a visit to the stadium
entertaining, but unfortunately there have been a number of incidents
where mass panic has had disastrous consequences. Experts are currently
researching the cause of accidents and developing new construction
methods that will increase the level of safety in stadiums.
20
WELLNESS
The power of water
The wellness industry is benefiting from the global economic crisis. More
and more people are taking time out for rest and relaxation away from the
hustle and bustle of everyday life. Two state-of-the-art oases of wellness
are currently being constructed in Salzburg and Vienna, both of which
make full use of the power of water.
24
WORLD’S FAIR
Beacon of light
It was once a forum for showcasing extraordinary technical and artistic
achievements. Today, the focus is on the integrated and sustainable development
of cities and their immediate surroundings. ‘Better City, Better
Life’ is the motto of this year’s World’s Fair, which takes place in Shanghai.
34
CITY PORTRAIT
Berlin
As a metropolis, Berlin represents one thing above all – constant change.
The city was divided for 28 years and West Berlin was a small enclave within
East Germany. Twenty years after the Brandenburg Gate was re-opened,
the city on the River Spree is now as glittering and varied as ever.
42
05

06 // INTERVIEW
»A CONSTRUCTION
WORKER HAS
CHARACTER«
INTERVIEW Werner Watznauer has been director of ALPINE Holding for the past
three years. He is an engineer, a cosmopolitan and a family man. It would appear
that he was almost predestined to become the person who would further the development
of this Austrian construction firm with a Spanish parent company.
// clauDia laglEr
You have been director of ALPINE
Holding for the past three years.
What inspired you to take up this
position?
The prospect of returning to Austria
and managing a large construction
firm with a Spanish parent
company, as well as being able
to implement something really
worthwhile at the same time. This
mix of internationality and Austria
is important to me. I think ALPINE
still has a lot of potential in terms of
international business.
What is it about construction work
that fascinates you?
As a child, I used to accompany my
father, who was a trained engineer,
to various construction sites. He
made us kids really enthusiastic
about engineering. With construction
work, you can have a huge
impact. My father always said to
me, ‘You can achieve anything you
want, just be friendly and determined’.
For me, this sentence has
become something of a philosophy
to live by.
Are you more of a team player or
a lone warrior?
I’m certainly not a lone warrior.
You do need to work alone sometimes,
but I’ve always formed teams
with others and have had good
experiences with teamwork.
What do you regard as success?
To achieve my – and the company’s
– main goals and be successful
in doing so. It’s not really about
money and career for me, but more
about enjoying work and really
looking forward to going into the
office in the mornings.
Do you like appearing in public?
It’s not a priority for me but I’m
not scared of it. At ALPINE, I don’t
really appear in the public domain
that much. As a construction company,
we are not quite as extrovert
in nature as other companies, such
as those involved in the consumer
goods or the automotive industry.
But we are increasingly realising the
importance of communication and
have adopted a highly professional
approach to this. We focus on brand
communication in the first instance
and not the individual person.
Since 2006, ALPINE has been a part
of the Spanish FCC Group. What
are the differences in Spanish and
Austrian management styles?
A Spanish company is not quite as
rigid in terms of company management.
It’s still very much about
achieving the company’s goals, but
they are more likely – symbolically
speaking – to wander off the beaten
track now and again. In Austria, we
have a very clear agenda which we
approach in a less flexible manner.
Both philosophies reflect the
respective culture, and that is how
it should be.
How much have the company cultures
of FCC and ALPINE merged?
We’re on the right track. Our approach
to communication and ethical
principles is the foundation on
which everything is based. As far as
our values are concerned, we speak

08 // INTERVIEW
»YOU CAN ACHIEVE ANYTHING YOU WANT,
JUST BE FRIENDLY AND DETERMINED.«
one language. I see it as my duty to
act as a diplomat between the two
cultures because I know them both
so well. I consider FCC employees
to be my colleagues as well. Despite
its Spanish parent company, however,
ALPINE remains an Austrian
construction company. We have
first-rate employees and excellent
specialist knowledge.
ALPINE-ENERGIE is now one of
the company’s largest subsidiaries.
How important will this business
sector be in the future?
A lot of money is being invested
in the energy sector. We have a
responsibility towards future generations
and must focus more on
renewable energy. This is something
we have a lot of experience
in and we will continue to increase
our activities in this area.
Does ALPINE have a
diversification strategy?
There is a strategy to that effect. We
will not tap into new markets, but
we will consolidate and build up
existing markets. We do keep an
eye on new market sectors which
have potential, but we have no
intention of expanding into non-
construction related activities. We
are a construction company, and
will remain so.
Where do you see potential
for future growth?
The energy sector has, as I said before,
huge potential. We think there
are a number of good opportunities
in several European countries. With
our subsidiary ALPINE ENERGIE,
we want to develop and strengthen
our presence there. Markets such as
China and India are interesting but
we’ll only continue our presence
there if it makes financial sense. The
low margins in the construction
industry mean that there isn’t that
much room to play with.
Where do you see ALPINE in
ten years’ time?
With its strong Austrian roots, AL-
PINE will expand its international
activities and be active in a greater
number of construction-related
business areas than it is now. There
are also a couple of business areas
which we haven’t yet started working
on.
Internationality is a matter of
course for you. You speak several
languages, have spent a number of
years working in various countries
and different parts of the world and
you were born in Chile. What took
your family to South America?
My mother is Chilean. My grandfather
was the German consul and
president of the German Andes
Association in Chile. As small children,
we went skiing in the Andes.
When I was 14 years old, my family
moved to the Tyrol. I feel half-Austrian
and half-South American.
When you moved, was it a culture
shock for you?
No, we were brought up in a very
open way and spoke several languages.
Having said that, one shock
for me was the Tyrolean dialect. I
did learn German as a child, but in
Innsbruck I couldn’t understand a
word that was being said.
If a young person asked you what
kind of training he or she should
undertake, what would you advise?
Based on my personal experience, I
know that construction engineering
is incredibly interesting. You
can work anywhere in the world
and have a major impact. Realising

a construction project requires a
great deal of technical knowledge,
as well as a good understanding of
people. To work in construction,
you have to have character. It’s not
always easy to lead a team. And
you need languages, languages,
languages.
You seem to be someone who
places a great deal of importance
on safety at work. Why is this
topic so important to you?
We have a responsibility to ensure
that our employees go home in one
piece every evening. If something
happens, the cause of the accident
is usually because something tiny
has been overlooked. You can’t
avoid all accidents, but you can
avoid 99% of them.
Are there differences in the
awareness of safety at work in
different countries?
As an internationally active company,
we naturally have a high
awareness of safety. This is nothing
to do with cultural differences. Not
only does everyone wear a safety
helmet, proper work clothes and
safety shoes, but there are also
numerous safety measures in place.
We are committed to constantly
improving safety standards and
our accident rates have shown a
downward trend. The construction
industry should, however, come
together to raise awareness of safety
issues.
How important do you think social
well-being is in a company?
Very important. We need highly
trained individuals with experience,
both in construction and
management. We have some people
in the company who have worked
here for 30 years. That really
impresses me. After all, it’s the
employees who make our turnover
what it is: the digger drivers, the
foremen, the workers in the storage
yard. You need to give it your all
if you want to achieve something
great for the company in highly
challenging circumstances – I
can only take my hat off to these
people!
Do these specialist workers get
enough recognition from the public
for what they do?
In my opinion, the public completely
underestimates the
importance of construction. If you
think about the 57-kilometre-long
Gotthard Tunnel project or the
construction of a power station
such as Tsankov Kamak, these are
first-rate achievements. Things like
this are not regarded highly enough
by the general public. Society
unfortunately focuses very much on
everyday things.
What is important to you in your
private life?
I’m a family man. I am married to a
Venezuelan and have four children.
I have family in Chile, Venezuela,
Germany, Spain and Brazil, so all
our holidays are spent visiting various
relatives scattered across the
world.
What are your strengths?
I love being an engineer, can motivate
people and communicate well.
And what is your greatest
weakness?
I’m not very patient.
Thank you for your time! //
WERNER WATzNAUER
09
was born in 1958 in Chile and moved to austria at the
age of 14. He gained his HTL engineering diploma
in innsbruck and then studied at the University of
Innsbruck. He worked in the construction and
energy division of the german Preussag Group for
several years in various management positions. Prior
to becoming Managing Director of ALPINE Holding
GmbH in September 2007, he and his family lived
and worked in Spain, italy, chile, Venezuela, Tunisia and
France.

10 // MARKET
FORGING AN ALLIANCE
BETWEEN THE STATE AND
THE PRIVATE SECTOR
PRIVATE PUBLIC PARTNERSHIP In Austria, PPP has yet to earn its stripes.
In spite of a number of successful infrastructure projects, public bodies
have started to apply the brakes. State budget cuts could make the situation
even worse.
// ingriD KrawariK
I
n Austria, anything new is regarded with a
great deal of scepticism. People prefer to stick
to tried-and-tested methods rather than deal
with an unknown quantity. This is not exactly a climate
in which PPP can thrive. In an environment where
everything is scrutinised, right down to the last detail,
can Public Private Partnerships really be regarded as a
worthy alternative when it comes to the realisation of
infrastructure projects? There are still too few completed
projects to be able to give a clear indication of their
overall success.
NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY SUCCESSFUL
In other European countries, PPP plays a much bigger
role. The United Kingdom is a pioneer in this field.
Plans are currently underway there to expand the M25
motorway as part of a PPP project worth two billion
euros. Our neighbouring country of Slovakia has also
enthusiastically embraced PPP; the construction giant
Granvia plans to construct 52 kilometres of motorway
for 1.4 billion euros. One of the most successful national
projects of the past few years has been the Eastern
Region PPP (Project Y), which involved the construction
of the A5 motorway (section to Schrick) and the S1
and S2 dual carriageways, which were finished in Feb-
ruary. ‘We finished the project right on time, followed the
schedule to the letter and achieved the target cost of 933
million euros,’ says Anton Leidinger, managing director
of the Bonaventura Straßenerrichtungs-GmbH, a company
in which ALPINE and several other companies
are involved. The traffic must now get used to the new
route and accept it, as this is the only way Bonaventura
can refinance itself. Bonaventura will look after the
route for 30 years on behalf of ASFINAG, the Austrian
state-owned road construction and maintenance company,
and will receive a so-called ‘availability’ payment
for doing so. After that, responsibility for the motorway
and dual carriageways will be transferred to the
public sector.
COSTS IN HAND
Given that looming budget cuts will probably have a
negative effect on the already planned expansion of
the Austrian road infrastructure, it makes complete
sense to give renewed consideration to the use of private
capital to complete public projects. The advantage
here is that the financial and maintenance costs in PPP
projects are always clearly set out. This means that the
truth about actual costs comes to light far earlier than
it does for functional tenders, where the costs for any

changes made simply snowball. As the infrastructure
expert Erich Thewanger, a partner in the auditing company
KPMG, explains, ‘In the public sector, life-cycle
costs of projects, i.e. the construction and maintenance
costs, are often not included in the calculations. With
PPP, however, it’s an absolute must.’ Planning a budget
in this way not only forces all partners to set down in
writing exactly what is needed, but it also provides a
black-and-white illustration of the cost savings that
can be achieved through PPP. For example, the offer
submitted for the A5 motorway was actually 168 million
euros less than ASFINAG’s estimate.
The truth about
actual costs comes to
light far earlier than
it otherwise would.
LONG-TERM QUALITY
While schools and hospitals do not consume quite as
much money, an enormous amount must be invested
into the expansion of the road, tunnel and railway net-
works. This means that each project has to be planned
well in advance. As Thewanger points out, ‘A road construction
project that spans 30 years is built in an entirely
different way. It is not to the operator’s advantage
to have to make improvements to the road every year.
The A5 will last 15 to 20 years before it needs major upgrades.’
LUCRATIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN EASTERN EUROPE
The PPP Eastern Region is just one of many such
projects for ALPINE, which has had its own project investment
team focusing on PPP since 2008. ‘Currently,
we are involved in ten projects in various countries, including
Austria, Germany, Russia, where we are helping
to construct part of the M1 motorway from Moscow to
Minsk, and Slovakia. In Slovakia, there are plans to build
30 kilometres of motorway with 20 kilometres running
through tunnels in a project costing billions,’ explains
Christian Trattner, the managing director responsible
for PPP at ALPINE. Jörg Arndt, division leader of the
project investment team, sees huge potential for PPP
in Europe, ‘And mainly in Germany and Eastern Europe.
There are a number of interesting opportunities that we
would like to be involved in, including traffic route construction,
building construction and the energy sector.’
11

12 //
MARKET
Professional
risk management
is indispensable
for successful
PPP projects.
Risks must be
exactly calculated
in advance,
and alternatives
developed in
good time.
EVERYTHING CAN BE MANAGED
Such large-scale projects are not entirely problem-free.
Cost savings for the state can be achieved if the private
partner takes on the responsibility for construction-related
risks, but this means that the private partner
must keep a firm hand on the purse strings. Not
everything can be planned in advance. The construction
work on the A5, for example, was interrupted by
an unexpectedly harsh winter in 2008/09. Concrete
and excavation work could not be carried out because
of the frozen ground, but we made up for lost time in
the end. Risks vary from country to country. In Denmark,
where there are plans for a PPP project to construct
a new motorway costing 270 million euros, global
warming and the rising sea level are crucial issues.
All risks can be managed as long as they are recognised
early enough or as long as you already have alternatives
in mind so that measures to rescue the project can
be implemented in good time. A delay in finishing the
project would have lost Bonaventura some of its calculated
revenues. As well as risks related to the construction
costs, the operating consortium also has to consider
risks associated with traffic use.
PATIENCE IS THE KEY
The financing of such projects should be carefully
thought through. A lot can be planned in advance. As
KPMG expert Thewanger explains, ‘The financing costs
are frozen and the construction costs are firmly in hand. The
only slightly dodgy factor is the overall development of the
project. Working processes are becoming more and more
efficient all the time, which means that the potential for additional
costs is reduced, and the plans you make today for
improving technical standards will cost less in just 15 years’
LARGEST PPP IN EUROPE // in € billion
Thessaloniki metro, phase 1 / 2005
Segarra Garrigues irrigation project, Catalonia / 2002
A2 motorway, Nowy Tomysl – Konin / 2004
A5 motorway, Eastern Region / 2006
Szekszard-Boly-Pecs road / 2007
Brescia-Milan toll motorway / 2005
Sports facilities in Devavanya / 2007
Corinth-Tripoli-Kalamata and Lefktro-Sparta roads / 2008
Corinth-Tripoli-Kalamata and Lefktro-Sparta roads / 2007
HSL Zuid high-speed railway line / 2001
Oosterweel interchange / 2004
Sports facilities in Csurgo / 2007
CSB toll road / 2007
Messina Strait Crossing / 2006
time.’ This kind of large-scale project will not make you
rich. The aim is to achieve an adequate return that is
relative to the risk taken.
A CLASH OF INTERESTS
The fact that there is not yet a great deal of interest in
PPP infrastructure projects in Austria is mainly due to
the scepticism surrounding such projects and concerns
about whether they are really worth their while in
comparison to conventional tenders. In respect of the
Eastern Region PPP project, the Audit Office would neither
confirm nor deny whether the above-mentioned
cost savings of 168 million euros were actually made.
The real advantage of PPP projects lies not only in cost
savings and more efficient working processes, but also
in the fact that detailed planning is an absolute necessity.
According to a Danish study, companies often underestimate
costs by up to 30 per cent when it comes
to making offers. An operator involved in a PPP project
whose financial calculations turn out to be too low will
be worse off in the end because it will have to bear the
additional costs.
PPP is the subject of numerous concerns. Staff worry
that jobs will be lost because the public sector has
handed over the reins and transferred responsibility
for infrastructure projects to private companies. People
are also scared of the unfamiliar. PPP projects involve
complex contracts and legal frameworks that require
a great deal of resources. The advance transaction
costs are also often regarded as a disadvantage of PPP
projects. Standard contracts would simplify the process
and keep costs down.
€ 0.80
€ 0.80
€ 0.84
€ 0.85
€ 0.86
€ 0.86
€ 0.89
€ 1.00
€ 1.00
€ 1.20
€ 1.30
€ 1.35
€ 2.10
€ 3.00
€ billion 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Source: Public Private Finance

Source: Public Private Finance
€ 25,000
€ 20,000
€ 15,000
€ 10,000
€ 5,000
Another problem of having the state commission infrastructure
projects, such as the PPP Eastern Region
project, is the duration of the contract. As Herbert
Kasser, General Secretary of the Ministry for Transport,
Innovation and Technology (BMVIT), succinctly puts it,
‘30 years are a clear disadvantage. ASFINAG has thrown
itself lock, stock and barrel into buying a service that has
to bring in money. The motorway must be looked after by
us, the frequency of usage maintained and the quality assured.
For 51 kilometres of motorway, that’s a great deal of
expense.’
DREAMS OF THE FUTURE
PPP IN
EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES
ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT OF PPP // in € million
21,849
7,987
8,918
6,237
14,111
2001-2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Great Britain rest of Europe
According to Kasser, we should be using PPP, but in a
reduced form. ‘I would considerably simplify PPP in terms
of responsibilities, duties and financing, while retaining
advantages such as a fixed price and giving companies
7,367 7,353
Spain
France
Italy
Ireland
Greece
Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Poland
Austria
Finland
Bulgaria
Hungary
Cyprus
Portugal
Other countries
10,698
8,236
4,958
SHORTCUTS
PPP OPERATOR MODEL
freedom to plan and construct. We should also be able to incorporate
equity financing. But we have to work on developing
this kind of model first.’
In Austria, PPP projects will prove to be nigh on unstoppable.
The fact that these are difficult economic
times and state coffers are empty makes it all the
more appealing to involve private companies as financial
backers, constructors and operators. For private
companies, PPP is almost the only way of becoming
involved in such large-scale projects. It is highly probable
that the triumphant advance of PPP will expand
at Länder level to start with. In Lower Austria, the pilot
Maissau PPP project, due to start this summer, will
function as a starting signal for a whole host of other
PPP infrastructure projects, with the regions of Salzburg,
Styria and Upper Austria already lining up in the
starting blocks. //
Source: Public Private Finance
The private company commissioned to
do the work is responsible for planning,
constructing, running and financing
the infrastructure project and bears
the full economic risk.
PPP CONCESSION MODEL
The private company bears the economic
risk of construction, but is afforded
the right to recoup costs and make a
profit by charging users. The public
sector remains the owner of
the facility.
PPP COOPERATION MODEL
State and private companies establish
a mutual company, with both partners
bringing their various skills to the
table.
10 SEC. // PPP
13
infrastructure projects are increasingly
being realised using Public
Private Partnerships (PPP). PPP
represents a contractually agreed
cooperation between the public
and the private sectors, where
both sides incorporate their own
strengths into the project. The
planning, financing, constructional
and operational aspects of the
project are divided depending on
which PPP model is chosen.

14 //
PROJECT
down under

‘THE UNDERGROUND’ The construction of the Lower Inn Valley line is
more than just an ambitious railway construction project. It is part of a future
vision for sustainable, low-noise transport.
// MicHaEl KriESS
// MElaniE MüllEr
15

16 //
PROJECT
The A12 provides car drivers with a sensational backdrop
W
hen one of the largest
construction projects currently
being undertaken
in Austria comes to an end in mid-
2012, there’ll be practically no evidence
of its existence. The future of
the railway lies underground – at
least in the Tyrolean lowlands. The
name ‘Lower Inn Valley’ is not just
the name of the region; it also symbolises
the 41-kilometre stretch of
railway between Kundl and Baumkirchen,
more than 80 per cent of
which lies underground.
At the heart of the
Berlin–Palermo railway
corridor is the pathway
across the Alps.
If you want an idea of the expenditure
required for this kind of pioneering
project and how much material
has to be transported, simply
drive along the Inn Valley motorway.
There is a several-kilometre-long
stretch full of machines,
cranes and mounds of earth towering
towards the sky, and enormous
structural components lying
on both banks of the River Inn. At
night, the area is lit up by floodlights,
as construction work carries
on throughout the night.
CROSSING THE ALPS:
A MAMMOTH PROJECT
The Lower Inn Valley railway
project is part of a breathtaking future
railway vision: the Berlin–Palermo
route. The project is intended
to link some of the most important
economic and highly populated areas
of the continent in an environmentally
friendly and efficient way.
The mammoth Brenner base tunnel
project, which will allow the
railway to cross the Alps, is at the
very heart of this European feat of
strength. The northern approach
stretch towards the future tunnel,
which will run right through the
Inn Valley, is currently a so-called
‘bottleneck’. More than 300 trains
use the two-track route every single
day. In future, this situation
will be improved by doubling the
number of tracks. In order to avoid
this negatively affecting the local
population in the Lower Inn Valley
area, who haven’t exactly been
blessed with a quiet life in recent
years, a major part of the line will
run underground. A huge relief
for local residents, who have had
to suffer the noise of goods trains
thundering through the valley day
after day, not to mention a huge
challenge for the engineers.
LINE ROUTING ON A SECOND
UNDERGROUND LEVEL
The best example of this kind of underground
routing is the three-layer
traffic routing arrangement in the
Stans area. The newly constructed
section there runs down to a second
underground level because the
existing Westbahn Tunnel already
runs underneath the overground
motorway. During construction
works, the motorway lanes had to
be diverted temporarily, a construction
measure that always bears
a significant amount of responsibility.
As Peter Geisler, the project

manager for the H4/3 Stans section,
notes, ‘It also involves driving along
and checking that stretch of motorway
three times a day.’ The company is
ultimately responsible for the safety
of those using the A12, despite the
fact that they do not even realise
what kind of work is going on deep
underneath them.
HUGE DEMANDS ON MAN
AND MACHINE
The issues described above pale into
insignificance when you actually
see what is going on 20 metres below
the motorway tarmac. In order
to construct a 750-metre-long
tunnel in this section, a protective
shell in the form of a two-metre
thick layer of concrete had to be
constructed from the surface first
of all. ‘The water column down there
is 10 to 15 metres high, which means
that we had to make sure that the shell
remains waterproof. To do this, we
used a high-pressure injection process,’
explains Wolfgang Eichinger, a
man whose 43 years of experience
at ALPINE have given him a relaxed
attitude, even when it comes
to particularly challenging projects.
At his office in Kematen near Innsbruck,
the company’s Tyrol branch
manager and managing director for
the H4/3 consortium (the official title
of the Stans section), gives us an
insight into a method of construction
that has not been used in this
way before.
The high-pressure injection method
is used to construct concrete bodies
in the ground. Simply put, a hole
is drilled into the ground, and a cement
suspension is injected into
the hole in an even rotary motion.
The suspension then mixes with the
surrounding earth to form the concrete
body.
In the Tyrol, concrete columns
with a diameter of 1.9 m were constructed
around the tunnel in order
to provide a stable, waterproof
ring around the arch profile. The
boreholes, which are sometimes up
to 30 metres deep, place the very
highest demands on both workers
and machines. ‘Injecting at such
depths wasn’t exactly problem-free,’
muses Eichinger, ‘But our Italian
partner is a specialist in this area and
was completely capable of realising a
project of this size.’ The ideal column
width was decided in advance,
based on results obtained in a test
section. According to Eichinger,
‘Before we did this, we estimated that
a diameter of 1.5 metres would be sufficient.’
SHIFT WORK IN A
PRESSURISED TUNNEL
Once it was established that water
seepage couldn’t be ruled out while
excavating the tunnel, the work
was carried out under pressurised
conditions. This required workers to
undergo medical tests and provided
them with some unique experiences
– such as 20 minutes accli-
matisation in an airlock every time
they entered and left the construction
area. ‘In addition, there was a
high level of humidity and any physical
activity takes a greater toll on the
body when working in pressurised areas,’
explains project manager Peter
Geisler about the huge physical
challenges the workers faced. In
order to guarantee the safety of the
workforce under these special conditions,
a number of safety measures
had to be implemented. Only
workers between 21 and 50 years
of age were allowed to work in the
pressurised tunnel. Each worker
had to undergo a medical examination
in order to check their ‘pressurisation
suitability’ and the entire
workforce received specialist medical
and technical training.
While shifts can normally be organised
in a highly flexible manner,
the maximum time any worker
can spend working in a pressurised
tunnel is eight hours per shift. This
means that following a 40-hour
working week, each worker has to
have 36 hours ‘desaturation time’
so that the nitrogen that has accumulated
in the blood as a result of
working in a pressurised environment
can break down. ‘Thanks to all
17
A total of 21
different traffic
phases were
necessary..
Length of section H4/3: 2,615 m
Start of construction: August 2005
End of construction: March 2010
Stans link – Jenbach cutting

18 // PROJECT
&
fACTS fIGURES
Construction section A1
Volume of concrete: 290,000 m3 length of side walkways: 69 km
length of mass-spring system: 28.5 km
length of slab track: 71 km
Total rail length: 142 km
Total cable length: 1,130 km
Total fibre optic cable duct length: 1,040 km
Total length of extinguishing water pipe: 34.7 km
noise barriers: 31,300 m2 Technical equipment buildings: 42
, inside.alpine.at
SHORTCUTS
All work on the construction site is monitored
from the control centre.
SLAB TRACK ‘Slab track’ denotes a low-maintenance,
ballastless method of construction. Its advantages lie in the
fact that it is long-lasting, has a high load capacity, is resistant
to brittleness and enables exact rail placement (accuracy
+/- 1.8 mm). This method is becoming increasingly popular,
not least because of the increasing speed of trains.
MASS-SPRING SYSTEM The mass-spring system is
a construction method which keeps vibration and noise
caused by rail vehicles to a minimum. It is mainly used in
railway construction projects in residential areas. The
huge inert mass of the concrete trough in combination with
single layers of Sylomer (spring) provides insulation from
vibration.
these safety measures, we have
never once had an emergency situation!’
explains Geisler happily.
Water also plays an important role
in other parts of this project. Divers
were also employed for a time in the
cut-and-cover tunnel. Their task
was to lay concrete under water. Â
REDUCED MAINTENANCE COSTS
AND A LONGER SERVICE LIFE
For those constructing the railway
line, the greatest challenge is
to eliminate vibrations and noise
produced by the railway, even with
planned future train speeds of up
to 250 km/h. Gernot Gassner, the
project manager for the A1 section,
who is responsible for completion
of the project once the basic structural
work has been finished, explained
the task facing his team,
‘No one should be able to tell that there
is a train travelling underground.
The people living above should not be
able to feel any vibrations or hear any
noise.’ This is made possible by using
elastic supports upon which
the concrete trough is placed, followed
by the slab track on top of
the trough. This means that the
trough does not touch the tunnel,
which prevents vibrations travelling
through the structure. Five different
so-called mass-spring systems
will be incorporated into the tunnels,
depending on the insulation
required. The system sounds simple,
but, as Gassner confirms, ‘A
system of this size has never been used
in Austria before.’ Slab track will be
installed along 68.7 kilometres of
the route. This is a method of construction
that reduces maintenance
expenses and ensures that the new
line will have a long service life. In
order to be able to connect the new
line with existing railway lines following
completion of construction
works, three links will be created.
Carrying out all this work safely
and in a highly coordinated way requires
excellent logistical masterminding.
The entire construction
site is monitored from safety and
logistics control centres to ensure
that everything runs as smoothly
as possible. This guarantees that
the whereabouts of each individu-
Vibrations and noise
will be eliminated.
The train should pass
underground unnoticed.
al worker in the tunnel can be determined
at all times. The logistical
aspects of the project are also supported
by the use of our own locomotives.
QUICKER TRAIN JOURNEYS WITH
REDUCED NOISE EMISSIONS
Given the challenges explained
above, the work that most people
consider to be fundamental, such
as setting up the electrics, lighting
and ventilation systems in the tunnel,
is often pushed into the background.
The tunnels themselves
contain 1,130 km of cables for systems
engineering alone, and the
project requires the construction
and incorporation of 35 shaft head
buildings, seven service buildings,
two rescue portals and more than
ten kilometres of rescue galleries,
as well as lifting devices, air locks
and stop-logs, not to mention six
breakdown collection basins that
will enable a quick response in case
of train breakdown and can, for
example, collect and hold a large
volume of leaking diesel. It is an almost
unending list.
At the moment, the rails are being
laid. This part of the project is, according
to Gassner, ‘going swimmingly.
We are managing to lay
around one kilometre of slab track,
including the rails, per week.’ This is
in keeping with ÖBB’s (Austrian
Federal Railways) aim of ensuring
that the line is ready to be put into
use by the end of 2012. This will no
doubt be much to the relief of local
residents and means that the vision
of a trans-European train route will
become reality in the not-too-distant
future. //
Â
Inside 1.2009 / p. 10
PROFESSIONAL DIVERS

INSIGHTS
PAGE 24
Main motivations for a
wellness holiday
rest and relaxation: 82 %
spoil yourself: 79 %
enjoyment: 68 %
do something good for your body: 53 %
Wellness holidaymakers really want to enjoy their
holiday and let themselves be spoiled. The holiday
should also help to refresh body and mind and help
you do something positive for your health.
PAGE 50
THE
WORLD
IS NOT
ENOUGH
For the James Bond film in 1999,
parts of the Neft Daşları drilling
rig were rebuilt in the exterior tank
at Pinewood Studios in England as
filming in the original location was
too dangerous. Neft Daşları was
constructed in 1948 in the Caspian
Sea and was the world’s first drilling
rig to be constructed by the former
Soviet Union. Although it has now
partially fallen into disrepair, it is
still seen as the most important oil
production facility in Azerbaijan.
PAGE 42
€ 1. 70
is the price of a curried
sausage from ‘Konnopke’s’,
probably the most famous snack
bar in Berlin’s Prenzlauer Berg
district. Max Konnopke launched the
curried sausage with ketchup, which is
made according to a secret family recipe,
in East Berlin in 1960. Since 1976, his
daughter Waltraud has managed the kiosk,
which is located under the viaduct of the U2
underground line in Schönhauser Allee 44a.
PAGE 14 Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) is an EU initiative to
develop the European transport network. Project No. 1 is the 2,200-kilometre-long
high-speed line from Berlin to Palermo. The Lower Inn Valley
section is the most congested point of the entire TEN-T route. This is where
the Austrian east–west traffic meets the international north–south traffic.
PAGE 52
The largest
asbestos building
site in germany
No other construction project has caused as much
excitement in the German capital in recent years as
the demolition of the Palast der Republik. 200 t of
asbestos-contaminated material had to be
disposed of before the gradual deconstruction
of ‘Erich’s lamp shop’, as it is commonly known,
could take place. The last part of the building was
demolished at the end of 2008 and the ‘Humboldt
Forum’ will now be constructed in its place.
PAGE 48 PAGE 28
PPE
During the summer months, an Alpine meadow, in
combination with farm buildings and other infrastructure,
signals that the land is being used as a pasture.
Archaeological researchers have proven that the natural
meadows above the forest line were used as early
as 5 B.C. In 2006, there were still 9,104 Alpine
meadows being used as pastures in Austria.
Their importance not only for agriculture, but also
tourism, landscape conservation and ecology, is now
well recognised.
PPE means ‘personal
protective equipment’ and
consists of the following
essentials: a protective
helmet, work safety
shoes, eye
protection, ear
defenders and
safety ropes.

20 // PROJECT
ON’T
SAFETY At first glance, pilgrimages to Mecca and a large sporting event do
not appear to have a great deal in common – but if you take a closer look, there are
indeed some parallels to be found …
// inES ScHMiEDMaiEr

Y
ou’re sitting in a stadium,
enjoying watching
your team play and cheering
them on madly. Suddenly, you
hear screams, see smoke and the
unmistakeable smell of burning,
and all around you, people begin to
push out of the stands and run away
screaming. What’s happening?
Where are people running to? And
why? You’ve got no idea what’s going
on – has a fire broken out? Or
could it even be a terrorist attack?
More and more people storm the
aisles between the stands, pushing
one another out of the way, and
there’s already a crowd of people
stuck at the bottom of the steps.
Your mouth goes dry, your heart
begins to thump and your head is
pounding. Your legs turn into jelly
and you start to panic. Everything
seems so far away, your mind
is blank. You can’t even remember
where the emergency exit is, even
though you’ve been coming to this
stadium since you were a child.
Without even thinking about it, you
jump over the seats in the next row
and try to find the quickest way
possible of getting out. You make
short work of the stairs. But at the
bottom, you just can’t get any further.
Why are people not moving?
You are being pushed from behind.
At the bottom end of the stand,
there’s a door to a passageway
that presumably leads outside. The
crowd starts to push harder. You try
to stay upright despite the pushing,
not fall over and not to press
your full weight against the person
in front of you. But the pressure becomes
even more intense, you can’t
breathe and then everything goes
black …
This is what a mass panic scenario
could look like. However, a lifethreatening
situation is not always
caused by a specific event; people
pushing and shoving to get out of
the stadium can be enough to cause
a situation in which people’s lives
are put at risk.
PANIC AND TUNNEL VISION
How does mass panic, which can
lead to catastrophic accidents, actually
start? If the crowd pushes too
hard, they start to block the way.
In the end, a bottleneck forms and
acts as a kind of cork. Although the
queue isn’t moving at the front,
people are still joining it at the back
and trying to make it move. Dirk
Helbing, a researcher who specialises
in panic, calls this phenomenon
the ‘Queue Effect’. It leads to
shockwaves spreading throughout
the crowd, which only serve to
push people even closer together.
At some point, this will lead
to physical contact, i.e. pushing
within the crowd. The result is that
the crowd combines to produce a
force of up to 4.5 tonnes, which can
even break through steel barriers
and brick walls. All this and more is
detailed in Helbing’s book ‘Crowd
Safety at Major Events’.
20 SEC. // MASS PANIC
IS MECCA NOW SAFE?
Researchers have investigated the
phenomenon of mass panic and
have tried to find new strategies
to increase the level of safety. The
Mecca of panic research is actually
Mecca itself. In January 2006,
three million pilgrims took part in
the five-day-long pilgrimage. This
pilgrimage has been the scene of a
number of devastating accidents
caused by mass panic. In January
2006, for example, the statistics
show that 364 people were
killed. The most dangerous section
is from the tent city to Mina, where
the three pillars that symbolise the
Devil are located. Pilgrims participate
in a Stoning of the Devil ritual,
where they throw pebbles at the
pillars. This is where, on the last day
of the pilgrimage, many thousands
of people head for the open spaces
in the brutal midday sun.
The crowd can
produce a combined
force of up to 4.5
tonnes, which can
even break through
steel barriers and
brick walls.
what is mass panic? Panic is the uncontrolled fear of a real or perceived danger
and is accompanied by mass flight movements. it restricts people’s ability
to think clearly and make rational decisions. The survival instinct of individuals
becomes stronger than social behaviour such as consideration for others
or empathy. with mass panic, group relations suddenly disappear in favour of
a blind struggle for your own survival.
21

22 // PROJECT
A well-planned stadium guarantees relaxed hours full of games, sport and excitement.
Following the tragic accidents of
previous years, the Saudi authorities
got in contact with Dirk Helbing,
a researcher at the Technical
University of Dresden. With his
team, which includes traffic psychologists
and planners, he analysed
videotapes of the crowds of
pilgrims and tried to find out what
happened to the flow of the crowd
just before the catastrophes happened.
In order to prevent further accidents,
a one-way system has been
created that leads pilgrims to the
pillars and then back to the tent
city. In addition, spaces have been
created that are strictly for use in
emergencies. The pillars themselves
have been encased in concrete in
order to increase their surface area.
A new, bridge-like building has
also been constructed, enabling
pilgrims to participate in the ston-
ing ritual from various levels, thus
avoiding congestion at the entrance
to the bridge. Although the pilgrimage
at the end of 2006 attracted
many more people than usual,
there were no fatalities.
MORE SAFETY IN STADIUMS
The number of large sporting events
is increasing and these require ever
more complex safety precautions.
The entire stadium can be
evacuated in just eleven minutes.
Simulations that can be tailored to
the respective conditions simplify
the calculation process for evacuation
scenarios.
One such calculation was carried
out for the Baltic Arena in Gdansk,
which will be constructed by a
consortium for the European Football
Championships in 2012. The
evacuation scenario was defined
in agreement with the architect.
Given the size of the stadium, only
one half of the stadium was used for
the calculation. As the stadium is
axisymmetric, we can assume that
an equal number of people would
choose the emergency exit routes
in each half of the stadium. For calculation
purposes, the northern
half of the stadium was assumed to
contain 22,234 people – when this
stadium is used for league matches,
there will be standing places here,
which means that this is the more
important half in evacuation terms
as it will contain more people. Using
special software, the evacuation
time for the whole stadium and
the individual stand sections was
calculated. The evacuation time for
the entire stadium is eleven minutes
and eight minutes for the stands.
Large sporting events should evoke
enjoyment, euphoria and positive
memories. In the emotionally
charged atmosphere of a football
stadium, it is particularly important
to ensure that everyone remains
calm and safe, even in emergency
situations. //

How do you make
a stadium safer?
WIDER EXITS
CONVENTIONAL
The exits from
the stands cause
crowd congestion
because the exit is
not as wide as the
total number of
steps.
IMPROVED
improved design with wider exit. gaps in the rails
on the stairs leading upwards enable even
distribution of crowds. The zigzag design of the
stairs upwards breaks up the direction of the
crowd. This prevents dangerous pressure levels
building up which can lead to those who fall
down being trampled on.
WAVE BREAKERS
Exit
Bottleneck
Steps
downwards
Crowd direction is
broken up
Rails
Exit
Gaps
Pillars as wave breakers:
well-positioned and suitably constructed pillars can
function as ‘wave breakers’. They serve to channel
a crowd surging forwards in panic, which relieves
pressure on the exit. while a pillar may look like some
form of blockage at first glance, it can actually channel
a surging, pushing crowd of people into organised
lines.
Source: Dirk Helbing ‘Crowd Safety at Major Events’
Steps
downwards
Stairs
upwards
Steps
upwards
Source: Architekten J.S.K.
Source: BIEG2012
COMPETENCY IN STADIUM CONSTRUCTION
ALLIAnZ ArenA MunICH
66,000 seats // Construction period: 30 months //
Architects: Herzog & de Meuron
wÖrTHerSee STAdIuM KLAGenFurT
32,000 seats // Construction period: 20 months //
Architects: Albert Wimmer
nATIonAL STAdIuM wArSAw
55,000 seats // Construction period: 24 months // Architects: J.S.K. .
23
Consortium: ALPINE Bau Gmbh, ALPINE Bau Deutschland AG, ALPINE Construction Polska and Hydrobudowa Polska. S.A.
GdAnSK STAdIuM (BALTIC ArenA GdAnSK)
44,000 seats // Construction period: 20 months // Architect: RKW Rhode
Kellermann Wawrowsky Architektur + Städtebau

24 // PROJECT
The power of
WaTER
WELLNESS The boom in the wellness industry appears to be unaffected by
the worldwide economic crisis. People want places where they can revitalise their
mind and body in the shortest possible time, particularly in this tense economic
climate. Of all the elements, one is used particularly often in this context: water.
// MElaniE MüllEr
// inES ScHMiEDMaiEr
T
he wellness industry is a
winner in this economic
crisis. While other sectors
of the tourism industry had
to make serious cuts during a very
tense 2009, the demand for wellness
breaks simply carried on increasing.
Further increases in turnover
are expected in 2010. Roland
Fricke, managing director of the
German wellness break company
beauty24, knows why the industry
has profited from the global crisis:
‘Guests are now more likely to choose
short breaks and avoid long journeys,
but they want the same feeling of relaxation.
This is exactly what a wellness
weekend offers.’
BALANCING MIND AND BODY
The main thing that guests look for
in a wellness oasis is rest and relaxation,
a break from the enormous
challenges of their modern
working lives and the combined
pressures of job and children, not
to mention the never-ending talk
of the crisis. ‘In times of constant
negative reports, there is a stronger
desire to do something for yourself,
such as taking a break from everyday
life and doing something positive for
your mind and body,’ states Ulrike
Rauch-Keschmann from Österreich
Werbung. The industry has reacted
to this by providing tailored
breaks and some wellness hotels
now even specialise in things such
as teaching guests how to have a
better work/life balance or strategies
against burnout. Others use
the trendy umbrella term ‘medical
wellness’, which indicates a focus
on health prevention. This appeals
to wellness holidaymakers who
appear to be becoming ever more
conscious of health-related issues.
GUIDING GUESTS THROUGH THE
WELLNESS MINEFIELD
Although the overall desire for
physical and mental regeneration
seems unstoppable, the industry

is currently oversupplied. It seems
that every man and his dog provides
some sort of wellness offer
now. Every self-respecting hotel
has a spa area. There are now 1,312
hotels in Germany that provide
some sort of wellness facilities, and
956 in Austria. For guests, it’s becoming
ever more difficult to get a
handle on all these offers. Although
a hotel may say it provides a ‘wellness’
experience, it may not always
provide treatments that could be
considered as being part of a wellness
package. Searching for the
ideal relaxation package is often
immensely stressful in itself.
Various quality seals and hotel
guides provide some orientation
among this plethora of options. In
Germany, for example, quality seals
are awarded by the German Wellness
Association and Wellness Hotels
Germany. In Austria, the Best
Health Austria seal and the annually
published Relax Guide make the
search for the right hotel considerably
easier. On an international
level, networks have long been established
to ensure the same standard
of quality across the board. The
Asia-Pacific Spa & Wellness Coalition,
for example, coordinates wellness
activities within the fastestgrowing
market in the industry. At
the Global Spa Summit in Istanbul
in May 2010, wellness experts from
all across the world met once again
to discuss current projects and
challenges.
fACTS & fIGURES
TAUERN SPA ZELL AM SEE—KAPRUN
44 km of piles were driven into the ground to increase the load capacity // at € 90 million, this
is the largest tourist investment in the history of the Salzburg region // 2,100 m 2 of water areas
were constructed for day visitors // 80,000 overnight stays are expected annually in the four-
star hotel // 200 new jobs and training places have been created in the Pinzgau region.
OBERLAA THERMAL BATHS
5.5 million litres of water are required to fill all the pools // 31,000 m 2 of space has been
created, which is equivalent to approx. five football fields // 115,000 m 3 of excavation was re-
quired, which is the same as for 100 average single-family homes // 4,700 tonnes of steel were
needed, the same as constructing 86 jumbo jets // 900 km of cable was laid for the electrics.
ORIENTAL, REVITALISING,
EXCLUSIVE, ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY
At the beginning of March 2010,
international industry professionals
came together for the ITB specialist
wellness forum in Berlin. The
main topic was the trends of the
future. It was estimated that there
will be a growing interest in oriental
treatments (e.g. hamam, rasul)
and revitalising treatments (e.g.
anti-aging or detoxing sessions).
The increasing desire for personal
space and individual care is being
catered for by hotels with exclusive
spa suites in which couples, friends
or business partners can relax in a
private atmosphere. According to
surveys, this is classified as an important
criteria by wellness holidaymakers
when it comes to making
decisions about where to stay.
Happily, the topic of environmentally
friendly breaks is also gaining
ground: having hotel management
teams that are environmentally
aware is a must in the industry,
and every third guest wants to
see greater use of regional products
(e.g. wine wellness in Austria, beer
in Bavaria), as well as organic food.
A trend that has up to now been
somewhat reluctantly accepted by
the industry is holidays with a spiritual
basis. According to the Munich
Institute for Leisure Research, this
will be an important topic in the
future.
A range of absurd treatment trends
that have been created as part of
the wellness boom are now on
their way out. Massages with cacti
drenched in tequila or live snakes,
Angus bull sperm hair masks and
face masks from nightingale excrement
– the wellness business has
certainly produced some bizarre
things. All this is now at an end,
says Christian Werner, editor of the
Relax Guide, ‘Nonsense treatments
that do not have any therapeutic benefits
are in decline. In contrast, there
now seems to be more of a focus on
good, solid treatments. For example,
brush massages carried out in accordance
with the Kneipp philosophy are
on the up and are currently offered in
around 22% of all hotels.’
SALZBURG FOCUSES ON THE
POWER OF WATER
The Austrian state of Salzburg was
one of the first to recognise the potential
of health and wellness tourism.
It began to invest in various
wellness experiences a number of
years ago and market them under
the name ‘Alpine Wellness’. It
has been a great success: 25% of
all holidaymakers make use of the
various opportunities on offer to recharge
themselves. Salzburg places
great importance on the power of
water and the regional government
is clearly committed to supporting
thermal spas and baths.
As part of this strategy, a special
project is currently being realised:
acting as the general contractor,
ALPINE is building the ‘Tauern Spa
Zell am See – Kaprun’ in the idyllic
mountain region of the Hohe Tau-
25
Those who can
no longer afford
to head south to
exotic far-flung
places can seek
rest and relaxation
by taking a
short break in
their own region.

1
© Therme Wien
26 // PROJECT
ern national park, complete with a
view of the Kitzsteinhorn.
The centre has a total surface area of
48,000 m 2 and contains a four-star
resort hotel as well as a spa for day
visitors with treatment area, sauna
complex and sophisticated food and
drink facilities. The architectural
concept is exceptional and ensures
that the building fits seamlessly into
the surrounding landscape. Construction-wise,
the project is challenging,
not least because of the
condition of the soil. The opening
is planned for November 2010 and
will give the region an extra string
to its bow in terms of tourism. Salzburg
will then be one step closer to
achieving its overall aim of becoming
an all-year-round holiday destination.
THE MOST MODERN THERMAL
BATHS IN EUROPE
In the capital of Vienna, the topics
of wellness and water go back
a long way. A 54oC mineral spring
was first discovered in the 1930s,
and since 1974, the Oberlaa thermal
baths have been a popular day trip
destination, not least because of
their proximity to the city. However,
the thermal baths complex,
2
5
4
3
6
3
4 5
2
6
7
with its 1970s style décor and restaurant
with hearty home cooking
is now past its sell-by date
and a new modern and luxuriously
designed centre is currently
being constructed by ALPINE
right next door. It includes dedicated
family and quiet areas with
around 4,000 m2 of water facilities
and 3,000 m2 of sauna facilities,
a health centre (‘Therme Wien
Med’) and an underground car
park. The spa is still open to visitors
and the aim is to minimise the
disruption from the huge construction
site as much as possible.
That’s just one of many challenges
in this extraordinary project. Talking
about another challenge posed
by this project, Andreas Rauscher,
the site manager responsible for the
project, says that when the water
basins were constructed, ‘We had to
concentrate on every single millimetre
– if the overflow basin was moved
by a matter of millimetres, the whole
water exchange system would have
gone wrong.’ Water quality and hygiene
standards are absolute musts
when you have up to 2,500 guests
at a time coming here for a rest and
a change of scenery. This is what
we’ll be seeing from Autumn 2010
onwards. //
9
8
1
9
7
8
10
SHORTCUTS
SPA The term is derived from the Belgian resort town of
Spa, which was visited by British tourists from the 16th
century onwards because of its mineral water sources.
In England, the name of the city quickly became used
to denote health spas and was added as an affix to the
names of spa towns (similar to the German ‘Bad’). Since the
second half of the 20th century, the term has been used in
American English to denote wellness facilities and the spa/
relaxation areas in hotels. It is often asserted that ‘Spa’ is
an abbreviation of the Latin Sanus per Aquam, but this is
a myth. This is a so-called backronym, where a word has
subsequently been given a new meaning. However, what
is certain is that the Romans were very much aware of the
healing properties of water, and treatments in baths, spas
and saunas were referred to using the umbrella term Sanus
per Aquam.
THERMAL BATHS The healing effect of thermal baths
was well known even in ancient times. Thermal spring water
differs from normal spring water because of its temperature:
only when the water comes to the surface at a temperature
of 20oC or higher, can it be called a thermal spring. The
particular richness of minerals such as sulphur, carbonic acid
and radon, which are absorbed by the skin during bathing,
contribute to the therapeutic effects of thermal spring water.
Ü www.w-h-d.de
Ü www.besthealthaustria.com
Ü www.relax-guide.com
Ü www.oberlaa.at
Ü www.thermewienmed.at
Ü www.thermewien.at
Ü www.vitality-world.com
Ü www.tauernspakaprun.com
OBERLAA THERMAL BATHS
1 Therme wien Med // 2 Thermal baths 1 // 3 Beauty-
area // 4 gastronomy // 5 children’s area and leisure
world // 6 relaxation area // 7 lawn // 8 Thermal
baths 2 // 9 Fitness // 10 Sauna
TAUERN SPA ZELL AM SEE-KAPRUN
1 Hotel****superior // 2 Hotel spa // 3 indoor spa
water world // 4 Outdoor spa water world //
5 Spa Kidstein // 6 Spa gastronomy // 7 Spa sauna
8 Spa treatment // 9 Spa sport and fitness

EXPATS // nEw DElHi
city:intro city:facts
New Delhi is a city in the union territory of Delhi in India. The city is
a centre for business and industry, as well as a transport hub and
cultural centre with universities, theatres, museums, galleries and
magnificent buildings dating from the Mughal period. Delhi has been
India’s capital since 1911.
expat:info
MARIO GOLGER
34 years old // Married // No children
Qualified foundation engineer // Studied
economics // Has worked at ALPINE since
2004 // Languages: English, Spanish and
Turkish
expat:life
WHAT DO YOU LIKE THE MOST ABOUT YOUR HOST COUNTRY
AND WHAT DO YOU MISS ABOUT HOME? I particularly value the
fact that the Indians respect and value foreign cultures and religions.
Variety is everywhere and ‘being different’ is something that they
respect as a matter of course. But the environmental pollution, noise
and chaos, particularly with the traffic, are ever present. I sometimes
miss the calm, order and cleanliness of central Europe. And of course
the food! WHAT ARE YOUR WORKING HOURS LIKE/HOW MUCH
fREE TIME DO YOU HAVE? HOW DO YOU SPEND YOUR fREE
TIME? Normally we’re in the office from 8.30 a.m. to 7 p.m. The long
journey to the construction site means that there’s not a lot of free time
left over. During the monsoon season, you often need 2–3 hours to travel
15–20 kilometres! At weekends I have visited different places with my
wife, including Jaipur, the Taj Mahal and the Jim Corbett National Park.
However, due to the considerable distances and lack of time, this is only
possible occasionally. HOW DO YOU KEEP IN TOUCH WITH fRIENDS
AND fAMILY? Mostly by telephone. And, of course, I also use modern
technology such as email, Messenger and Skype. IS IT DIffICULT TO
fIND QUALIfIED WORKERS AND COLLEAGUES OVER THERE?
Indians who work in offices are highly educated and speak several
languages. Most speak English very well, far better than most people
in Austria! At the construction site, though, it is more difficult because
there is no formal education in the form of apprenticeships. However,
any weaknesses can be compensated for by the size of the workforce.
HOW DO YOU COMMUNICATE WITH YOUR COLLEAGUES? The
construction sites are hierarchical. As site manager, my closest colleagues
are Indian engineers who speak English. They communicate with
the foremen and these in turn communicate with the workers on the
construction site. Gestures can also be quite useful sometimes, or pen
and paper.
Area: 491 km 2
Number of inhabitants: 11.95 million in Delhi,
18.36 million in the suburbs
Population density: 20,121 inhabitants / km 2
Official languages: Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu
Temperature: Annual average 25°C, highest
temperatures occur in June and July and can reach
41°C, lowest temperatures occur in December to
February and range from 7 to 12°C.
Costs: 1 meal + drink in mid-range restaurant:
approx. €8.00 // 1 litre fuel: petrol €0.69; diesel
€0.51 // Underground ticket: between €0.11 and 0.50
depending on zone
alpine:project
In Delhi, ALPINE is planning and building part of
the new transport connection between the
city transport network and the airport, together
with the Indian construction firm HCC. A doubletrack,
2,347-metre-long underground railway
tunnel with a final diameter of approx. 10 m will
be constructed using excavation and drilling and
blasting techniques. In addition, a tunnel from the
underground to the surface will be constructed,
as well as a bridging ramp using the cut-and-cover
method. The section has a total length of 2.612 km
and runs underneath a forest reserve in New Delhi.

28 // COMPANY
In Gartenau / St. Leonhard near Salzburg, you can currently see
one of the highest cranes in Europe. In order to construct the
Leube company’s new heat exchanger tower, ALPINE has built
the 137-metre-high Liebherr 550 EC-H 20 Litronic. It goes
without saying that comprehensive safety measures were
implemented here!

WAY UP HIGH Crane erectors always have best views when erecting
and dismantling cranes. These specialists, who are completely unaffected by
vertigo, work at dizzying heights and often do not set foot on the ground for
hours on end.
// inES ScHMiEDMaiEr
I
t is 10 a.m. on a clear and cold November
morning. In the centre of Vienna’s tenth district,
between Davidstrasse and Inzersdorfer
Strasse, a rotating tower crane is being constructed
on the site of the former Heller factory to help in the
construction of a residential building. The parts for the
Liebherr 140EC Litronic crane, which weighs a total of
73 tonnes, were delivered in seven lorry loads the day
before.
Supervisor Fritz Kainer, his two crane erectors and the
operator of a 120-tonne Terex T-Mark truck-mounted
crane are already on site. While Fritz Kainer stands
in the middle of the excavation site and attaches individual
loads (i.e. fixes them to the crane), the truckmounted
crane operator moves the massive concrete
blocks upwards in the direction of the street. There, the
crane erectors René Pätzold and Werner Kickenweiz are
standing by the mobile part of the crane. They communicate
with the truck-mounted crane operator, who is
in the operating cab about 30 m away, using hand signals.
With the greatest of calmness and precision, concrete
block after concrete block is positioned in place to an
accuracy of centimetres. The crane is first stabilised
with the help of 39 tonnes of base ballast, and the tower,
whose parts are between 2.5 and 5 metres high, follows.
As soon as the tower elements have been bolted
together, the crane erectors climb effortlessly up the
inside of the tower, seemingly without fear, in order to
direct the next segment of the tower to the right location
and fix it in place.
All the while, Fritz Kainer remains firmly on the
ground. Every step is perfectly executed and comes as
second nature – after all, he has over 37 years of professional
experience. ‘Today, erecting a crane is a much
quicker process. It used to take two days to erect a crane,
now it can be done in a day,’ Kainer explains. Currently,
the MTA subsidiary Trumau erects and dismantles
around 120 cranes a year under the supervision of crane
foreman Josef Hubert. Erecting or dismantling cranes
in inner-city areas is still a challenge today. ‘Sometimes’,
as happened a few days ago, ‘a crane has to be
dismantled in a narrow courtyard and the pieces have to be
delivered to the lorry on the street using a truck-mounted
crane which hoists them over entire rows of houses,’ continues
Fritz Kainer.
The sign language that enables
communication within the team erecting
the crane is standardised.
SAFETY FIRST
Safety is paramount, and ‘personal protective equipment’,
PPE for short, is always used. ALPINE places
29
The first step is
to train the foremen
because
they are the ones
who set the example
in their
supervisory capacity.

30 // COMPANY
A concrete element of the base ballast is
lifted into place to the nearest centimetre.
Werner Kippenwitz guides the crane operator
using precise hand signals …
Personal protective equipment is
an absolute must.
… while Renee Petzold positions
the concrete element.
A tower element sways high
above the construction site before
it reaches its intended location.
great importance on high safety standards on the construction
site. For crane erectors, each company offers
a course in working safely at heights, which has been
especially designed for crane erectors. After all, there
are currently 100–140 cranes in use in Austria, 60–70
of which are in Vienna, as well as in Lower Austria and
the Burgenland. Specially trained teachers from the
‘Höhenwerkstatt GmbH’, a ‘training centre for rescue
technology and the prevention of falls’, teach employees
how to use their personal protective equipment and
safety cables properly.
FOREMEN SET THE EXAMPLE
Special training is also provided for foremen in the
Höhenwerkstatt training centre in Baden, near Vienna.
The training hall, which is several metres high, contains
ceilings with various angles, as well as masts and
a whole host of technical equipment. After spending
the morning in the classroom, where they learn about
regulations, standards and laws, as well as a little about
the physics of falling and safety techniques, it’s time
for the practical part of the course. Alongside a trainer,
participants perform a range of exercises in the lofty
heights of the hall and learn how to use safety cables
and belay devices and how to ensure their own personal
safety. They also learn how to abseil independently
in emergency situations and, finally, how to rescue an
injured person. The foremen Erwin Kirnbauer and Reinhard
Taschner are convinced that the course will be
The 120-tonne truck-mounted
crane in the middle of the
construction site.

Jib
Hook
of great help to them in their everyday tasks. deckend
umzusetzen.“
Andreas Wessely, safety officer at ALPINE, is happy with
the quality of the courses and is convinced that, ‘The
foremen will pass on their knowledge on the construction
site. The next stage is to train specialist staff, in order to ensure
that safety measures are implemented across the board.’
As far as safety ropes, i.e. safety belts, are concerned,
there needs to be a standardised approach. This will increase
the inclination to use the device and also ensure a
higher level of safety. // © liebherr-werk Biberach gmbH
Fritz Kainer attaching
the loads.
Operating
cabin
Counter-jib
Counterweightconsisting of
several mast elements
Crane tower
consisting of
several mast
elements
Base ballast
An explanation of
belay devices.
The whole operating
cabin is fixed to
the hook and then
attached to the
tower.
Looking up to check everything is in order.
31
Abseil practice for the foremen Erwin
Kirnbauer and Reinhard Taschner in the
interior training area of the Höhenwerkstatt
in Baden, near Vienna.
Nic Schacht,
a trainer at the
Höhenwerkstatt,
explains how to
ensure personal
safety.

32 // COMPANY
A BETTER
FOUNDATION
TRAINING Austria has established a dual training scheme that enables
apprentices to study on the job and in vocational colleges. It enjoys international
renown and will have a positive effect on the national economy by ensuring
that there are enough qualified new workers and personnel resources in the future.
// MariOn HiErzEnBErgEr
S
ociety does not regard apprenticeships
as highly as
it does traditional schooling.
Preference is often given to
schools and secondary school leaving
examinations, especially in urban
areas. According to economic
experts, this trend, coupled with
a changing demographic and low
birth rates, could lead to a considerable
shortage of qualified specialist
staff in Austria in the future.
But how do you inspire young people
with great potential to do an
apprenticeship? Gone are the days
when you could use the financial
incentive as the sole reason for
signing up to do an apprenticeship.
A modern apprenticeship can and
should offer secure future job prospects,
opportunities for promotion
and individual development if
it wants to position itself as an appealing
alternative to the school
route.
INNOVATION MEETS TRADITION
ALPINE currently has around 200
apprentices, making it one of the
largest training providers in Austria.
There is a long tradition of apprenticeships
here. The job is learnt
from the ground up, something
which has not changed since the
company first began offering apprenticeships.
What has changed is
the environment in which apprentices
are taught and how they learn.
In addition to specialist skills, AL-
PINE also places great importance
on the personal development of its
employees.
Teaching takes place on the construction
site, in the vocational college
and at the Building Academy.
This triple training system is unique
within the construction industry
and ensures that apprentices
acquire comprehensive specialist
knowledge and skills. The Building
Academy teaches highly specialist
skills that are not used every day on
the construction site.
TACKLING THE SUBJECT
WITH GUSTO
An ALPINE apprentice must be able
to ‘get to grips’ with the subjects
they are taught. In addition to various
physical prerequisites and intellectual
ability, team spirit, communication
skills and personality
are playing an ever more important
role in apprentice selection proc-
esses. Our future specialist workers
either apply independently or
are approached in schools and learn
about what is involved in their chosen
career paths through company
‘taster days’, where they gain an
insight into their preferred special-
We teach key skills for ten
different career paths, focusing
primarily on bricklayers,
formworkers and foundation
engineers.
ist area. In a one-to-one interview,
which is a central component of the
recruitment process alongside the
entrance test, we discuss expectations,
ideas and prospects.
AN EDUCATION OF QUALITY
Mario Fuchs, a second-year foundation
engineering apprentice,
knew what he wanted right from
the start: ‘I wanted to work for a large
company because of the better opportunities
for promotion. ALPINE has
some excellent foundation engineering

projects and I read on the website that
apprentices are supported right from
the very beginning. That really appealed
to me.’
Working on the construction site is
all about teamwork. During training,
we try to convey to apprentices
how communication can only work
properly if they recognise how important
it is to get on well with colleagues
and superiors, project a positive
image and be well turned out at
all times.
Daniel Kubes, a second-year formworking
apprentice, is convinced
that a good working environment
motivates him. ‘I also find it important
that the foremen greet the workers
in the morning and that the day begins
in a relaxed and unhurried way, as it
improves morale.’
RECOGNITION THROUGH
PERFORMANCE
Identifying with company values,
achieving common aims, having a
sense of belonging and respect and
recognition for your own achievements
are things that can really
motivate workers and increase
their loyalty to the company even
after their apprenticeship has
finished.
ALPINE awards prizes for good and
very good results and encourages
apprentices to participate in national
and international apprentice com-
Currently ALPINE has
around 200 apprentices
training for ten careers:
> Bricklayer
> Formworker
> Foundation engineer
> construction machinists
> Electrical energy technician
> Metalworker
> Office administrator
> automotive mechatronics
technician
> road maintenance specialist
> Joiner
petitions. This enables young people
to showcase the skills they have
learnt in a larger setting and compare
themselves to others in similar
situations. What’s more, if they end
up being awarded a prize at one of
these competitions, both apprentice
and trainer stand to benefit. In
2009, three of the coveted prizes at
the Young Bricklayers and Young
Formworkers competition at the
Guntramsdorf Building Academy
went to ALPINE apprentices.
High-quality training, targeted
support, further training opportunities
and committed employees
make the ALPINE training model
highly successful, and one which
sets an example to others. //
131,676
The number of apprentices in Austrian companies
according to the Chamber of Commerce statistics for the end
of 2009 (0.2 per cent fewer compared to 2008)
4
Technical careers are becoming more popular thanks
to female apprentices, according to the Chamber of
Commerce: construction machinery, communication
technology, IT and automotive mechatronics.
38,491
The number of companies providing apprenticeships in
2009 (39,606 in 2008)
33

34 // LIVING SPACES
MR SPOCK AND SHANGHAI AS
SHINING BEACONS
OF LIGHT
WORLD’S FAIR What do (2309) Mr Spock and (2197)
Shanghai have in common? Both are beacons of light on
the horizon or, to put it another way, asteroids. Shanghai
– the city, that is, not the asteroid – is aiming to shine just
as brightly at EXPO 2010. ALPINE is the main contractor
involved in building the Austria Pavilion and is responsible
for the interior design and multimedia equipment.
// Marina POllHaMMEr
T
he motto of the World’s
Fair, which takes place
from 1 May until 31 October
2010 in Shanghai, is ‘Better
City, Better Life’. More than half
the world’s population now lives
in a city, and the numbers are increasing
all the time. That is why
this World’s Fair puts the spotlight
on the integrated and sustainable
development of cities and their immediate
surroundings. At the 93rd
EXPO, a total of 70 million visitors
(approx. 400,000 per day) are
expected from across the world.
Around 200 nations and international
organisations will be represented
in an area measuring approximately
5.28 km 2 in the middle
of Shanghai, the most important
industrial city in China.
Since the beginning of the 1980s,
Shanghai has been the driver of
the current upswing in the Chinese
economy and is a highly attractive
location for foreign firms. The total
amount of cargo handled in Shanghai
has turned the city into the
world’s largest cargo port, among
other things. China, alongside the
USA, is Austria’s most important
business partner. Future opportunities
for Austria’s companies lie
mainly in the fields of environmental
technology and renewable energies,
as well as in the infrastructure,
traffic and health sectors.
The aim of sustainability has been
followed to the letter, and as many
of the EXPO buildings as possible
will be used for other purposes

once the event has finished, such as
the Congress Centre and the Chinese
Pavilion.
In the future, the EXPO buildings
will become Shanghai’s first ‘green
lung’, a park and green space within
a local recreational area. However,
a project of this size requires
a functional infrastructure. The
planned extension of the maglev
line from Shanghai to Hangzhou,
which is located 150 km away, will
shorten the journey time from two
hours to around 30 minutes. This
will bring the metropolis of Shanghai
closer to the important economic
centre of Hangzhou-Ningbo.
BRINGING THE COUNTRY
TO THE CITY
The Austrian Pavilion will give visitors
a multimedia experience with
walls, ceilings and floors that appeal
to all five senses. After walking
past a real snow-covered field
high in the Alps, visitors will enter
a multimedia forest and travel
through meadows and water landscapes
straight into the city. Never
before have so many nations built
their pavilions from scratch. The
dynamic and abstract architecture
of the Austrian Pavilion stands out
from its surroundings because of its
surface of glazed mosaic tiles which
symbolise porcelain. This is in homage
to the centuries-old tradition
of Chinese porcelain exports from
China to Europe and because of
this, it provides a truly eye-catching
exterior.
On the ground level of the pavilion,
there is a 550-m 2 exhibition space
and a stage for various events, the
information desk and the Austrian
shop. Austrian regional delicacies
will be served on the upper
floor in the restaurant and garden.
A dedicated VIP lounge serves as a
platform for Austrian companies,
regions and organisations and provides
a space for receptions, presentations
and events.
The aim of participating in EXPO
2010 is to raise Austria’s profile
within China and strengthen
Austrian–Chinese relationships
on various levels. The design of the
World’s Fair has changed greatly
over time. Today, it looks at global
problems and showcases futureoriented
solutions. It focuses on the
provision and exchange of information
in the fields of technology,
business, communication, culture
and entertainment.
SHANGHAI // FLASH
Official name: Shanghai Shi +++ abbreviation: Hu +++
area covered: 6,340 km 2 +++ Population: approx. 18.2
million +++ china’s gate to the world +++ lies on the
river Yangtze +++ largest cargo port in the world +++
Shanghai exceeded the million mark at the beginning of
the 20th century.
ASTEROID
Shanghai is an asteroid in the main belt, which was
discovered on 30 December 1965 by the Purple Mountain
Observatory in nanjing.
almost all asteroids are so small that they look like a tiny
dot of light when you look at them through a telescope.
The first asteroid (1) ceres was discovered by giuseppe
Piazzi in 1801 at the Palermo Observatory in Sicily. it is
named after the patron saint of Sicily.
35

36 // LIVING SPACES
fACTS & fIGURES
WORLD’S fAIR
EXPO Shanghai (Exposition universale internationale
or Exposition Mondiale)
Duration: 1 May–31 October 2010
number of visitors expected: 70 million
(approx. 400,000/day)
Surface area: 5.28 km2 AUSTRIA PAVILION
Theme: interaction between urban and rural
living spaces
alPinE: as the main contractor, alPinE has built the
pavilion and designed the interior and multimedia
equipment
Design: argE SPan & zeytinoglu architects and
Shanghai Xiandai architectural Design (group) co. ltd.
Pavilion: On two levels
Total surface area of austria Pavilion: approx. 2,112 m2 location: zone c, near the lupu bridge, street block
c07, north ring road
neighbouring countries in block: romania,
the netherlands, croatia, germany and russia.
Ü www.expoaustria.at
Ü www.expo2010.cn
Multimedia effects in interior.
THE ‘TREASURE FROM
THE FOUR SEAS’
The little mascot HaiBao is the official
EXPO 2010 ambassador and
is an advertisement for the largest
World’s Fair yet. Made up of the
Chinese character 人 ‘ren’, which
means ‘person’, HaiBao means
‘Treasure from the four seas’ or ‘The
treasure of Shanghai’. Chosen from
hundreds of entries, HaiBao, whose
shape is also based on the Chinese
character for ‘person’, symbolises
the meaning of the EXPO for humanity
as a whole.
LIPSTICK, ZIPS AND THE
EIFFEL TOWER
In the industrialisation era, EXPO
established itself as a platform for
extraordinary technical and artistic
achievements. A whole host of
world firsts and well-known constructions
were unveiled at this
event. The World’s Fair in Paris in
1889, for example, saw the opening
of the Eiffel Tower. The lipstick
was presented for the first time in
1883 in Amsterdam and the zip and
Ferris wheel were unveiled in Chicago
in 1893. The first World’s Fair
took place in 1851 in Crystal Palace
in London, where everything was
‘HaiBao’ – the mascot of
EXPO Shanghai 2010,
derived from the Chinese
character for ‘person’.
hosted under one roof. From 1867
onwards, when the exhibition took
place in Paris, space was at a premium
and country-specific pavilions
were erected. The link between
technical fascination and entertainment
was a hugely successful concept.
Since 1928, members of the
Bureau International des Expositions
(BIE), which has its headquarters
in Paris, have decided the locations
of the World’s Fairs. The major
EXPO event takes place every five
years and lasts six months, with
minor exhibitions lasting just three
months taking place in between.
The next World’s Fairs will take
place in the South Korean city of
Yeosu in 2012 and Milan in 2015.
And now back to our main theme:
the asteroid (2309) Mr Spock did
not in fact get its name from the famous
space character, contrary to
what you might have thought. In
fact, the pet cat of the person who
discovered the asteroid also answered
to the name Mr Spock, and
so the asteroid (2309) was named
after him. //
The Austria Pavilion with a surface of glazed mosaic tiles
which symbolise porcelain.

INSIGHTS
If you want to work on a
drilling rig, then it’s not just the high
physical and mental demands you have to meet, but
you also have to have a good knowledge of languages.
Fluent English is a must, and Dutch is also desirable. German,
on the other hand, is not enough for a career on a drilling
rig: there is only one drilling rig in German waters,
the Mittelplate Drilling and Production
Platform.
German:
Inadequate
PAGE 42
BerliNer
WeiSSe
Beer
… with a shot: A refreshing,
fizzy drink that is best enjoyed
with a straw. The top-fermented
beer, brewed from a mixture
of wheat malt and barley
malt, tastes slightly sour and is
therefore normally served with
a dash of raspberry or woodruff
syrup. Berliner Weisse ‘red’
or ‘green’ is drunk mainly in the
summer.
PAGE 50
38%
Around 38% of Shanghai is covered with green spaces. As part
of an ambitious infrastructure project in anticipation of Expo 2010,
numerous green spaces have been created over the past few
years. Environmental measures have considerably improved the
water and air quality in the city.
PAGE 34
SEVENTEEN
WEEKS
PAGE 34
PAGE 24
&
crispy creamy
That’s how people describe ‘LaaKronen’ – two meringue
halves with a layer of tasty buttercream in the middle.
Guaranteed to make your mouth water, especially if you
have a sweet tooth. The spa bakery at Oberlaa not only
spoils visitors to the neighbouring Oberlaa Thermal Baths
with its delicacies, but also operates bakeries in another
seven locations throughout Vienna.
acrOPHOBia
PAGE 29
Acrophobia or fear of heights affects
people on towers, bridges, ladders, skyscrapers
and high mountains, among other places.
The phobia goes beyond the natural respect
that everyone has for heights and is out of
proportion to the situation that individuals
find themselves in. Vertigo, on the other hand,
is a normal phenomenon and has a biological
foundation. Training can help to considerably
reduce vertigo.
That is how long it took to construct Crystal Palace for the 1851
World’s fair. The innovative modular method of construction with prefabricated
iron and glass segments was revolutionary at the time. The
greenhouse-style building, which was designed by horticultural architect Joseph
Paxton and covers 93,000 m 2 , was the pioneer for this style of building.

38 // TECHNOLOGY
Plug in,
switch on
POWERED UP We would find it difficult to function without electricity today.
Whether from a battery or from the socket, everyday luxury begins and ends
with electricity. Nothing is more controversial or under greater discussion than
the question of exactly where this electricity should come from.
// anDrEaS EDEr
W
hat were we thinking? This is the question we
might ask ourselves in a couple of hundred
years from now when we are zapping from
one end of the planet to the other using inexhaustible
energy from renewable sources. Or something like that
anyway. At the moment, our resources are slowly but
surely being depleted. When you think about what we
have left, you start to realise that the search to find energy
from new sources is becoming ever more urgent.
Current state-of-the-art power stations will have to
work extremely hard in the future in order to meet increasing
demand. The technology we need has been
under continuous development. Power from atoms,
water, wind, sun and coal must become more efficient,
better developed, perfectly constructed and precisely
planned. This challenge places increasingly high demands
on engineers and technicians.
TODAY’S POWER STATIONS ARE HIGH-PERFORM-
ANCE ECONOMIC POWERHOUSES
The rigorously calculated economic performance that
a power station has to attain can be summarised in a
detailed list of figures: a modern coal-fired power station
with an output of 600 MW costs around €798/kW
gross to construct (as of 2003, source: Wikipedia). This
means that the total projected expenses of the plant
add up to €478.8 million. (This price has considerably
increased in the meantime. Calculations for the Herne
power station in Germany were based on a plant price
of €2,133/kW of output). For the plant itself, around
70 employees are needed for operating purposes alone.
Staffing costs for each employee amount to approx.
€70,000 per year. The maintenance costs are on average
1.5% of the cost of the plant as a whole, and that’s
every single year. Then come costs for auxiliary mate-

ials, consumables and fuel, and of course the electricity
used to power the plant.
COAL IS THE KEY
Coal is still one of the most important energy sources
in the world. For a coal-fired power station with a
700-MW output, 1.8 million tonnes of coal a year are
needed. This coal is blown into the furnace in a ground
powder form. As it burns, it produces hot flue gases
which bring water to the boil. The steam created from
the boiling water is driven through the blades of a turbine
at high temperatures. A generator turns this into
electricity which is fed into the national grid and voilà,
you have light. Or heat. Or cold. Or an email.
The residual materials collected in the flue gas cleaning
process are mostly used in the construction industry.
Bottom ash is used in road construction, fly ash is used
as an aggregate in concrete and the resulting gypsum
is simply gypsum. The large amounts of cool water that
are needed for the condenser are cleaned and fed back
into the water supply.
BUILDING IS NOT AS SIMPLE AS IT LOOKS
One of the most efficient coal-fired power stations in
the world is currently being built in Hamm in Westphalia,
Germany. The future 1,600-MW plant belonging
to RWE Power AG is intended to operate at an efficiency
level of 46%. It will make older stations look old
in the truest sense of the word. ALPINE Bau Deutschland
AG is helping to realise this masterpiece. In order
to meet strict guidelines in terms of time and quality,
unusual measures have had to be implemented. For example,
there are two dedicated concrete mixing units
on site. These are worked extremely hard in order to
make sure the 250,000 m3 of concrete required is provided
in the right portions at the right time. We’re not
just talking about any old concrete either, but special
and high-performance concrete, some of which has
been developed especially for this project. This involves
using 5,000 tonnes of cement and 50,000 tonnes of
aggregate (sand, gravel, grit) every single month.
One particular challenge was the logistics on the construction
site. To construct the high buildings such as the
two 165-metre-high cooling towers, the four stair towers,
seven silos, the switchgear building, the water plant and
the machine and boiler houses, all staff and machinery on
the site have to be perfectly coordinated. Several buildings
have to be constructed at the same time in a very limited
space. Often more than 20 cranes are in use at the same
time in order to ensure that the site is permanently supplied
with building and other materials. State-of-the-art
technology and high-tech equipment help to realise even
the trickiest of tasks during this massive project.
Often more than 20 cranes are in use at
the same time in order to ensure that
the site is permanently supplied with building
and other materials.
QUO VADIS, COAL-FIRED POWER STATION?
In an age of environmental awareness and future-oriented
thinking, the coal-fired power station is being buffeted
by an increasingly clean but bitter wind. It is a wind that
could eventually see the demise of even this solid giant because
of its carbon dioxide emissions. However, huge leaps
forward in development may yet save it for the foreseeable
future. Rescuing the coal-fired power station is based on
three principles: pre-combustion, post-combustion and
the oxyfuel process. It may all sound rather heroic, and it
is. All three of these principles have the ultimate aim of removing
greenhouse gases from the flue gases that are produced
during coal burning. However, all superheroes have
an Achilles heel. Disposing of the waste gases produced
poses risks that have not yet been properly researched.
Furthermore, the increased energy that the power station
requires to undertake these processes equates to a loss in
efficiency of around 10–15%. Given the current economic
situation, this is a major issue. That said, however, we have
to accept that there is a price to be paid for ensuring that
the environment remains intact for future generations. //
HAMM POWER STATION
39
The coal-fired power station consists of two identical
power station blocks and will be constructed on rwE
Power’s existing power station site in Hamm. alPinE
is responsible for all excavation, concrete and finishing
works. with its high level of efficiency of around 46%,
the new plant will be one of the most modern and
efficient coal power stations in the world. its total
output will be 1,600 megawatts. as they will be up to
120 metres high, the silos and stair towers for the boiler
houses will be a prominent feature of the station.

40 //
TECHNOLOGY
JUST A
MATTER OF
TIME SUPERB
H
ow simple it must have
been when people used to
organise their day according
to the sun. No looking frantically
at your watch, and travelling just
meant taking a leisurely trip to the
neighbouring village. What’s more,
the fact that the Earth is round was
completely irrelevant.
But Homo sapiens kept on moving
forward. Further, quicker, better.
The discovery of new means
of transport and the expansion of
15 SEC. // FLTG
CATENARY SOFTWARE
FlTg simplifies the planning of overhead contact
wires and enables simulations of the pantograph
mechanism. gerhard Hofbauer has been manager of
the catenary line construction Division at alPinE-
EnErgiE since 1998 and has dedicated himself to
optimising the BaHn system for local and longdistance
rail traffic. with the new FlTg software, he
has written a program that analyses new and existing
routes and makes international train travel safer.
people’s range of experiences threw
up all sorts of problems. It is easy
to explain why the railway became
such a key player in a match that
saw the sun compete against the
clock.
For us central Europeans, standardised
time has long been something
we have taken for granted and
rarely, if ever, questioned, but this
was not the case during the first
half of the 19th century. The time
shown on the sundial depended on
TOOL The FLTG software gets trains
onto tracks. Computer-supported 3D simulations based
on various types of data and calculations reveal the
safest way to get from A to B.
// MicHaEla HOcEK
TERMS
the longitude of a location. Walking
speed was the order of the day, and
so a few minutes either side made
very little difference. However, the
advent of various modes of transportation
meant that this relaxed
attitude had to come to an end.
BY THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY, TRAVELLING ON
FOOT WAS PASSÉ
In the 1840s, trains travelled at 25
km/h. Having varying local times
Interoperability in rail transport terms means the ability of rail vehicles to move
between two different rail networks as seamlessly as possible, particularly between
the rail networks in different countries. An essential component of this is the connection
of the overhead wire with the pantograph. // Characteristic line: This helps to
determine the best mast design in terms of suitability and load capacity. //
Kinematic clearance: The space that must be provided for the pantograph so that
it can move seamlessly under the overhead wire without hitting any components.
// Measuring forces: The rolling motion of the rail vehicle and the swaying of
the overhead line in the wind can quickly cause a problem for railway transport. By
simulating expected limit positions, problem areas can be corrected as early as the
planning stage.

meant that cross-regional timetables
could not be used. This unsustainable
state of affairs came to an
end with the establishment of time
zones and the introduction of socalled
‘railway time’. Thus the end
of the 19th century saw the laying
of the foundation stone for European
and international travel.
We couldn’t possibly tell you how
often ALPINE Energie employee
Gerhard Hofbauer gets on a train to
go on holiday, but we can tell you
that he has completely dedicated
his technical knowledge to the
railway system, culminating in the
development of the FLTG software.
This program is the latest in a long
line of technical innovations that
have speeded up rail travel and represents
a quantum leap in terms of
cross-border rail traffic. This is because
it combines all the steps involved
in overhead wire planning
with parameters such as construction
type, route data and various
forces of nature. It will therefore increase
safety and cost efficiency.
VIRTUAL TEST JOURNEYS
IN THE 21ST CENTURY
The FLTG software can provide a
graphical simulation of the overhead
cable supports and longitudinal
fields, while taking into account
various pantograph types, the rolling
motion of the train and the effects
of the wind. All these parameters,
which can have an influence
on trans-European railway systems,
can be adjusted according to
the situation in question.
The positive effects of this are obvious:
deficiencies in the line can be
avoided, which saves companies
having to carry out improvement
works. Precise preparation leads
to shorter construction and track
occupancy times and can reduce
the increasingly vocal displeasure
of rail travellers when things go
wrong. Virtual test journeys help
planners to discover weak points
that can be corrected in the planning
stage. The actual track geometry
and the illustration of how vari-
ous issues can affect the route, such
as the wind, the rolling motion of
the train and track geometry defects,
can be simulated and ‘played
out’ using various pantograph
types, span and tension lengths,
mast locations, etc. without changing
the original data.
An additional major advantage
is that the FLTG software can be
used for existing tracks as well as
newly built ones. In order to retain
an overview of the program as a
whole, there is a series of key words
for which individual dialogues exist.
Users can use these to define the
program settings. The help function
for the relevant key word provides
detailed information. Thanks to this
software, nothing can now stand in
the way of train travel, even with
various overhead wire heights,
weather conditions and the tensile
forces of the contact wire and messenger
wire to contend with. //
41

42 // CITY PORTRAIT
BerlIN
bUILT ON SAND
EAST WEST THE MYTH OF BERLIN IS A CONCEPT SEEMINGLY PLUCKED OUT OF
THIN AIR, BUT YOU CAN FIND REAL-LIFE EVIDENCE OF IT THROUGHOUT
THE CITY. IT IS MADE UP OF ELEMENTS THAT MELT AWAY IN THE PALM OF YOUR
HAND, BUT WHICH CAN BE BUILT ON. BERLIN IS BUILT ON SAND – WHICH,
DESPITE THE MEANING OF THE METAPHOR, FORMS A STABLE FOUNDATION. INSIDE
SHOWS YOU HOW ALPINE IS CONTRIBUTING TO THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE
GERMAN CAPITAL WITH A NUMBER OF PRESTIGIOUS PROJECTS.
// anDrEE BOcK
// BEnEDiKT ScHrEYEr ”THE VISIBILITY WAS LESS
THAN THREE METRES, BUT WE
COULDN’T EVEN SEE MUCH IN
THOSE THREE METRES. ALL OF A
SUDDEN, WE HAD TO CLOSE OUR
EYES AND MOUTHS BECAUSE OF THE
SAND WHICH WHIPPED UP
TORNADOS THE SIZE OF HOUSES.”

Those lines could have
been penned by a desertbased
researcher, but
in fact they describe the conditions
faced by Berlin residents in
1805. They were written about large
squares such as the Quarré, which
is now called the Pariser Platz,
where sandstorms were regularly
whipped up by the wind. At the end
of the 18th century, paved streets
were strewn with shingle in order
to prevent the mud building up
when it rained. The constant pressure
of the carriages and horsedrawn
vehicles that used the street
slowly turned the shingle into sand,
which became an easy target for the
Berlin wind.
YOU BUILD ON SAND,
tIF
YOU NEED BE DEFIANT IN THE
FACE OF ALL ODDS
Pariser Platz is also home to the
city’s most famous landmark,
namely the Brandenburg Gate. The
Gate’s architect Gotthard Langhans
was inspired by the entrance to the
Acropolis of Athens, a temple no
less, and copied the idea of the construction
facing inwards. In contrast
to traditional city gates, which
face outwards to represent the city
to the outside world, the Brandenburg
Gate was intended solely for
Berliners – as a monument and a
literal ‘edification’.
The first thing that visitors who enter
the city via the Brandenburg
Gate see – somewhat typical of the
Berlin character, well known for its
directness – are four horses’ backsides
and the rear of a woman. You
see, even the chariot on top faces
inwards towards the Pariser Platz.
The paradoxical formula that makes
it work is this: the exterior appearance
of a landmark only works if it
is a shrine to the city. This is what it
needs in order to be a landmark and
the true focus of the city.
The Americans have a feel for this
kind of symbolism, which is why
the US embassy can be found on
the Pariser Platz. For this construction
project, ALPINE was responsible
for the foundation pile works,
shell and steel construction works
and helped to provide the American
government with a secure and fully
functional diplomatic platform.
Just as with the construction of a
building, a myth is all about balancing
and holding structures together.
Berlin and the rest of the
world would have been spared a
great deal if certain men in German
politics had been required to get an
expert opinion on their ideologies.
After the devastation of the Second
World War, the Cold War provided
yet another test of endurance.
The Brandenburg Gate once again
became a symbolic focus, but this
time of the border between East
and West.
East and West Berlin were like a
couple going through a bad patch in
their relationship. They lived separately
and had their own way of doing
things, but they both knew they
were still dependent on each other.
Despite serious arguments, East
and West Berlin worked together
to restore the Brandenburg Gate in
1956. Even after the construction
of the Wall in 1961, which could be
described as the failed attempt to
separate their assets, the common
heritage of both parts of the city remained
inextricably linked.
DOGS
108 5O9
1475
AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME
IN EUROS
b e r l i n
IN FIGUrES
3 416255
INHABITANTS
12 DISTRICTS
368
1 5 .5
893
KM2 SURFACE AREA
HEIGHT OF TELECOM
TOWER IN METRES
720 MUSEUMS
NUMBER OF
UNEMPLOYED IN %
1 824
43
CHILDREN’S PLAY AREAS

44 // CITY PORTRAIT
b e r l i n
Berlin became an arena for a show
of strength that was luckily never
played out on a global scale. Thanks
to the presence of Western powers,
West Berlin resisted communism in
the same way that the Gallic village
in Asterix and Obelix resisted occupation
by the Romans. The Four
Power Agreement signed in 1971
signalled an era of détente and quiet
co-existence. For the 750th anniversary
of the city in 1987, both
parts of the city were cleaned up,
not even imagining that in 1989
they would be in love with one another
again.
The fall of the Berlin Wall was a
miracle created by ordinary people.
The situation, which even shortly
before the fall of the Wall had
seemed to be as uncompromising
as it ever had been, changed in the
blink of an eye. A stable foundation
was suddenly transformed into
quicksand. The Eastern Bloc collapsed
and the GDR crumbled. On 3
hotspOTS
2
1
October 1990, Germany celebrated
reunification, which, to the younger
generation at least, seemed to be
like a butterfly emerging from its
chrysalis. The people had revolted
and the Wall was torn down. After
decades of tension, people could
start to feel young again.
Live. Play. And above all, grow.
History has proven that Berlin is not
a conflict-shy city. It is a city that
has encouraged eternal youth and
celebrated those who were different,
and one which attracts visionaries
and artists from all over the
world. Berlin has always enjoyed
being on the fringes of existence in
terms of culture, history and society,
and also – unfortunately – in
financial terms. ‘Poor, but sexy’, is
how the city mayor Klaus Wowereit
described Berlin, a slogan which
has since become rather famous.
This could, however, simply be
passed off as youthful narcissism,
given that Berlin has only existed in
this form for just 20 years. In some
ways, it is a modern version
"THERE IS A REASON WHY PEOPLE PREFER
BERLIN TO ANY OTHER CITY: BECAUSE IT
IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING." Bertolt Brecht
3
of Ernst Reuter’s passionate cry of
1948: ‘Peoples of this world, look at
this city!’.
The city has even become a second
home for many people; 180 countries
are represented here.
The Berlinale is an international
magnet for overseas visitors, as is
the fashion show Bread & Butter.
Quentin Tarantino filmed ‘Inglouri-
1 Checkpoint Charlie which was operated by the
americans, was one of the best-known border crossings in Berlin. Today,
only a replica security booth serves as a reminder of the cold war. The
famous landmark presents documents detailing lucky and not-so-lucky
escape attempts, as well as various objects used in these attempts.
2 Museum ISLAND The most striking museum complex in
Europe is located on the northern tip of the Spreeinsel, and includes
the Pergamon Museum, the Old national gallery, the altes Museum and the
Bode-Museum. The complex, which was awarded unEScO world Heritage
status in 1999, is currently being restored. The project will be completed
in 2010.
3 Alexanderplatz This is where the open-air exhibition
‘Peaceful revolution 1989/90’ is taking place until 3 October 2010. it depicts
the events of the dramatic revolution, the protests and mass demonstrations
which took place in the most imposing inner-city square in germany.

The famous East Berlin
traffic light man
THE CITY STILL ATTRACTS THE
WORLD’S ATTENTION.
ous Basterds’ in the Babelsburg film
studios. Celebrities are fascinated
by Berlin. For them, the city is like
a living museum in which history
no longer threatens the present, but
instead the present serves as an elegant
monument to history. It has
a charismatic presence, and who
can empathise better with that than
a Hollywood star? Film premieres
regularly take place at the Potsdamer
Platz. Together with DaimlerChrysler
Immobilien, ALPINE
played a major role in the construction
of the Potsdamer Platz from
1995 to 1998. Three skyscrapers, of-
fices and flats, as well as a regional
train station with underground
tunnels, were constructed here for
a total budget of 148 million euros.
Seeing and being seen are all part of
everyday life in Berlin. The Berliner
is an attentive observer, a gift that
is necessary if you want to survive
in this city.
Residents on their way to work often
encounter occasions where a
roadblock has been erected on their
usual route. As Berliners say, ‘Da
kiekste wa!’ (‘Something’s going on
The Trabant – ‘Trabi’ for short – is a vehicle full of nostalgia for those who love it.
b e r l i n
hIStORY
1945- 199o
08/05/1945 End of the Second World War,
Berlin is divided into four sectors: American, British
and French sectors in the West and the Soviet sector
in the East.
23/06/1948 Currency reform in Berlin.
Berlin is divided into two different currency zones.
24/05/1949 Foundation of the Federal
Republic of Germany (FRG)
07/10/1949 Foundation of the German
Democratic Republic (GDR)
26/05/1952 The borders between East
and West Germany and between the GDR and West
Berlin are closed. Only the borders in Berlin can be
freely crossed.
17/06/1953 Uprising in the GDR against
the raising of working standards, which is brutally
suppressed by Soviet tanks.
13/08/1961 The sector border around
West Berlin is closed; construction of the Wall begins.
26/06/1963 J.F. Kennedy utters the
immortal line ‘Ich bin ein Berliner’ during his visit to
Berlin.
17/12/1963 After more than two years,
West Berliners are allowed to visit East Berlin for the
first time.
12/06/1987 President Ronald Reagan
stands in front of the Brandenburg Gate and says,
‘Mr Gorbachev, tear down this wall!’
09/11/1989 Opening of the Berlin Wall
03/10/1990 Day of German Reunification
alpine
TOP-proJects
i n b e r l i n
45
IHZ – Centre for Industry and Trade +++
Romanian Embassy +++ US Embassy
+++ Canada House +++ Headquarters of
the Federal Intelligence Service +++ BBI
Airport rail link and construction of
terminal +++ Hotel Checkpoint Charlie +++
Fernsehwerft (TV Dockyard) +++ Zoofenster
skyscraper

46 // CITY PORTRAIT
the
b e r l i n
waLL
160 km border
46 km of wall between the Eastern
and western parts of the city
45,000 individual components
(each 3.60 x 1.20 m and weighing 2.75 t)
116 watchtowers
450,000 m2 death strip
10,000 border guards and officers
5,000 escape attempts
239 deaths
The 118-metrehigh
‘Zoofenster’
skyscraper is
currently being
constructed by
ALPINE in the
Berlin district of
Charlottenburg.
there!’), and they make a hasty exit
and find another way to work.
The Wolfgang Becker film ‘Leben ist
eine Baustelle’ (‘Life is a construction
site’) could only have been
filmed in Berlin. There are construction
sites everywhere and the
city skyline is changing at a fast
pace. It sometimes seems as though
the speed at which websites are
set up on the Internet is the speed
at which things happen in Berlin
in real life. This is something you
also notice with modern architectural
styles, which are strongly influenced
by media aesthetics. At
the Osthafen, for example, ALPINE
constructed the Fernsehwerft (TV
Dockyard) from 2007–8, a fourstorey
media centre with television
studios, directing, cutting and editing
rooms, as well as a 4,000-m²
façade made from aluminium, glass
and natural stone.
The joy of (self-) promotion stops
at nothing. The trendy districts of
Prenzlauer Berg and Mitte are experiencing
a period of intensive stylistics,
complete with changing trends
and counter-trends. Prenzlauer
Berg, for example, is the Berlin district
with the highest birth rate and
feels like it has the most children’s
buggies in Germany. Gentrification
in its purest form. The German
advertising industry has long
used Berlin as a backdrop and those
who know the city well will feel
as though they are being taken on
a sightseeing tour every time they
watch a commercial break on German
television.
THE MYTH OF BERLIN:
FOREVER DESTINED TO BE
A SHIFTING SAND DUNE?
Someone once said that in Berlin,
people never want to grow up. But
the world is constantly changing
and grown-up values such as sustainability
and reliability are becoming
ever more important for
everyone, Berlin included. And
there will come a time when people
will find self-reflection and selfirony
wearisome. Although it has
an unstoppable zest for renewal,
the city needs traditions and stable
foundations so that its changeability
is firmly anchored on solid ground.
Berlin is an excellent test laboratory
for demonstrating how vastly different
ideas can be merged to form
a more pleasing whole. Where once
there were spring guns, now there
are self-service stands and beach
bars. The former death strip is now
a residential idea. The world could
learn a few things from Berlin. If
there is one thing we’ve learnt from
this city, it is this: a thing is at its
most exciting at the precise point
it actually becomes something. The
Hotel Zoofenster is a highly visible
example of this. For the 118-metre
and 32-storey-high new construction,
ALPINE used 32,500 cubic metres
of concrete and 5,250 tonnes of
steel. The name ‘Zoofenster’ (Zoo
Window) comes from the glass cube
at the top. Incidentally, quartz sand
makes up 70% of glass. Only those
who are brave enough to mix sand
with fire will get glass, through
which the light can shine brightly. //

INSIGHTS
PAGE 34
white gold
PAGE 50
DAIly
Porcelain is a central component
of Chinese art and culture and has
been manufactured there since the 7 th
century. Marco Polo brought the ‘white
gold’ back with him to Europe in around
1300. However, manufacturing materials
and methods remained a secret
fiercely guarded by the Chinese for
centuries. The first European porcelain
was manufactured in 1708 in Dresden
and Meissen.
If you are working hard and for long periods of
time, it’s important to eat enough and eat healthily. On a drilling
rig, workers have to work around the clock, so even the kitchen team
has to undertake exceptional feats of strength. Workers are normally offered
four main meals free of charge in order to maintain their physical
well-being and ensure good mental health. Alcohol is strictly
forbidden on safety grounds.
Picture from the GEO report ‘Churubamba’ on the
SF programme Horizonte, 25/05/08
PAGE 20
CHURUBAMBA
In this small village, which is located 3,850 m above sea
level and has no electricity or running water, female farm
workers play football every day. For those who live in
the Andes, it is a welcome distraction from their everyday
life of fieldwork, cattle breeding, housework and looking
after the children. It also serves as training for the Andes
Championships ‘fulbito Andino’.
PAGE 24
PAGE 42
In 1969, the traffic
light man made
his first official
appearance in East
Berlin and was then
employed across
the whole of the
GDR. After the fall
of the Wall, the
Eastern traffic light
man was replaced
by the Western traffic
light man, which
led to protests from
the local population.
Since January
2005, the Eastern
traffic light man has
also been employed
in Western districts
of Berlin.
PAGE 20
Groundhopper
… are people who visit as many stadiums, arenas and
halls related to a particular sport as possible, and
who try to go to as many games as possible to increase the
number of different grounds and countries on their list.
The term first came into use at the end of the 1980s to
denote certain types of well-informed football fans.
10 MINUTES
That is the amount of time even a world class swimmer would need
to cross a pool with a length of 1,013 m. The largest pool in the
world contains 250,000 cubic metres of water and is located in
the holiday complex San Alfonso del Mar in Algarrobo, around
75 km from the Chilean capital of Santiago. Even boats can be driven
across the eight-hectare pool.

48 // INNOVATION
INNOVATION The 36-km-long Grossarl Valley gets its nickname from the
40 Alpine meadows that are still used as pastures. Visitors to this area are captivated
by the unspoilt landscape and its inhabitants. In addition to the peace and
tranquillity, you will also find state-of-the-art constructions and innovative technology.
// inES ScHMiEDMaiEr
// MElaniE MüllEr
I
n the summer months,
the gentle grass of the
mountain pastures provide
the perfect setting for family
walks. After all, 350 km of
long-distance hiking routes leave
nothing to be desired. For really
enthusiastic mountaineers,
there are challenging climbs and
numerous summits to be scaled.
In winter, state-of-the-art lifts
invite skiers onto the wellprepared
pistes with numerous
descents and comfortable
ski lodges – snow is guaranteed
from Christmas right through to
Easter.
REMOVING THE BOUNDARIES
Since the 1970s, tourism has
brought a modest degree of
wealth to this former agricultural
region. Tourism began as
the result of a private initiative
and brought the foundation of
the Grossarl mountain railway
and construction of the first ski
lift with it. The merger with the
Gasteiner Valley and the foundation
of the Grossarl–Dorfgastein
ski area led to an upswing in the
local economy. This enabled several
improvements to be made to
the infrastructure. One location
that is particularly steeped in
history lies off the L109 road running
through the Grossarl Valley.
It is the ‘Alte Wacht’ (Old Guard),
the oldest existing tollbooth in
the Salzburg region. The low
clearance height at the toll booth
building meant that there were
constant problems with the traffic.
This led to efforts to get the
old wooden building removed.
However, the construction of
the Stegbach Bridge, which AL-
PINE was involved in as early as
1987, guaranteed that this unique
building with its centuries of tradition
could remain in place.

In 1566, Archbishop Johann Jakob Kuen von
Belasy had a tiny road carved into the
rock high above the gorge under extremely
difficult conditions.
Underside of the supporting structure Tendons (crosswise) together with support towers
In November 2009, the L109 also
saw the bottleneck between St. Johann
im Pongau and Grossarl relieved,
thanks to the new 50-metre-long
Egg-Graben Bridge. The
bridge replaces a narrow bend in
the road which has long been a
problem when transporting people,
animals and materials to and
from Grossarl village. As the mountain
region is so important for tourism
and is located near the famous
Liechtenstein gorge, the regional
government placed great importance
on an aesthetically pleasing
bridge. The slim design of the
bridge meant that the curve and the
structural plate had to be accurate
to within +/–0.5 cm.
PROLONGING THE SERVICE LIFE
The construction of the Egg-Graben
Bridge was implemented by ALPINE
and Grund-, Pfahl- und Sonderbau
GmbH. The plans and calculations
for the project were carried out in
cooperation with the Institute for
Structural Construction from the
Technical University of Vienna as
part of a research project about
bridges constructed without the use
of mild reinforcement. For university
professor Johann Kollegger and
his assistants Johannes Berger and
Zoran Bruschetini-Ambo, the construction
project was of particular
interest because the bridge was to
be constructed without using mild
reinforcement, but using electrically
isolated tendons (EIT). ‘It is the
first time ever that this kind of technology
has been used,’ explains Professor
Kollegger.
The tendons were encased in plastic
pipes, which provided a carefully
sealed shell to protect them from
corrosion (e.g. from the salt water
seeping in from the river). This
increases the service life considerably,
and as Professor Kollegger
points out, ‘The client gets a bridge
that can’t go rusty.’ The special
thing about EIT tendons is that – in
spite of the shell pipe – they can be
checked at regular intervals.
‘With the help of a special measuring
instrument, we can monitor the
TERMS
Reinforcement In construction, reinforcement means the
strengthening of a building material. Reinforcement can
consist of steel mats, rods or netting. With so-called mild
reinforcement, these will be incorporated into the concrete and
will considerably increase the load capacity of the components
in question. // If prestressed reinforcement is used, i.e.
stable wires (so-called tendons) that are incorporated into the
concrete and stretched, considerably less material is needed
to take the load of the construction and greater widths can be
spanned.
behaviour of the tendons,’ says Josef
Simader from Grund-, Pfahl- und
Sonderbau GmbH in relation to the
biggest advantage of this technical
innovation. ‘Changes in the electrical
resistance means that we can identify
any damaged sections.’ This will
reduce operation and maintenance
costs. Resistance measurements
will be carried out during construction
of the bridge as well as at regular
intervals after completion.
As mild reinforcement was not
used, fixing the tendons in place
was a particular challenge. In the
end, the tendons were stretched
crosswise and supported by support
towers at the points where they intersected
(see figure above).
Residents and visitors to the Grossarl
Valley have probably not even
realised the kind of technical innovations
that are being implemented
in their area, but it is something
that they will now be able to benefit
from every single day. //
49
Excavation for
the abutment on
the geologically
demanding
terrain posed
a particular
challenge for
the construction
machinery.

50 //
RESOURCES
Only the
toughest ne
apply
hether you are an IT specialist,
locksmith or ba-
W ker, all kinds of jobs are
available on a drilling rig in order
to ensure the survival of the workforce
in these harsh conditions
and within a very confined space.
However, it is mainly engineers,
geologists and seismologists who
are sought after. Women also have
a place in what was once a rough
man’s world, and they now occupy
various positions. Employing people
in traditional men’s and women’s
roles is no longer the case here.
There are any number of reasons for
leaving home comforts and choosing
to lead a life that takes a lot of
getting used to. It is often the local
job situation which forces individuals
into these decisions, as well
as the fact that the salary is pretty
good. The bottom layer of workers
is made up of ‘Roustabouts’,
the drilling support crew who are
expected not to moan about tasks
such as derusting and preparing
ISLAND LIfE There are numerous job offers on various websites. What
attracts people to these jobs is mostly the financial reward, as well as the promise
of adventure. Working on a drilling rig under the toughest of conditions for a
lot of money has been a hot topic of discussion for years. These jobs were
originally considered to be something of a myth, much sought after by young
people who wanted a bit of freedom, but even today, the job offers keep on
coming. And now thanks to the Internet, people know that they really do exist.
// anDrEaS EDEr
pipes or cleaning and maintaining
materials.
THE MOTTO? 21/21
After 21 days of work, workers get
21 days off. Or 12 days of 12 hour
shifts and four weeks off. The models
vary, but they have one thing
in common: workers have to be able
to cope with this kind of working
rhythm so that they can at the very
least commit fully to their job. And
this isn’t the greatest challenge they
face. Although safety is paramount
on drilling rigs, there is still a whole
host of dangers that workers have
to face. The unpredictability of the
weather or risky procedures are just
some of the exciting conditions attached
to the job. Having said that,
comfort is not lacking on the drilling
rig, even if it is only as much as
conditions will allow. The quality of
the board and lodgings is first-rate
and the choice of food available
is sophisticated and free of char-
ge. And you’ll be pleased to hear
that fish isn’t the only thing on the
menu.
ON WATER AND ON LAND
In contrast to these floating cities
near the mainland, drilling rigs on
land see themselves as more modest
versions of their counterparts
at sea. When oil or gas is drilled for
on land, there is none of the rough
charm and adventure that you get
on a drilling rig in the middle of the
sea. You sometimes see a brightly lit
gas production plant in the middle
of the countryside or the nodding
donkey type oil pump made famous
by American films in the midst of
wide fields. The expenditure needed
to access the valuable raw materials
on land is just as considerable as
it would be at sea. It can take years
until the source finally produces something.

ed
NOT FOR THE IMPATIENT
Deposits of natural gas are rare and
hard to find, not to mention the
challenge of processing it and making
it usable. In order to access the
coveted substances, a lot of patience
and stamina are required, as
well as money. Several wearisome
attempts must be made to find the
substance and there is no guarantee
of success. The demands on technology
and equipment are enormous,
as you need to drill right down into
layers of earth and rock without
being able to see what is actually
down there. This costs millions.
Drilling does not allow for even the
slightest deviation in the angle of
drilling. Precision is of the essence
if you want to avoid unwanted contamination.
When it comes to the construction
and maintenance of production
and deposit sites, foundation
engineering companies, such
as Grund-, Pfahl- und Sonderbau
GmbH from Himberg, near Vienna,
are often brought in to carry out
special work. It may be necessary,
for example, to shore up drilling
platforms, i.e. the standing area of
drilling rigs, against worsening or
changing underground conditions
by using HLV® piles. By supporting
the foundations in this way, the
load can be transferred to deeper
layers that are sufficiently capable
of carrying it. This involves not
only considering a varying range of
underground conditions, but also
SPECIAL SOLUTION // HLV®-PILeS
High-level displacement piles (HLV® piles) are an ideal
ready-made system for transferring loads in any type
of foundation where it may be necessary, such as building
structures, halls, bridges, sewage plants, dams, pipelines,
etc. They consist of a resistant base material which cannot
be damaged during driving, particularly with the extremely
high impact energy that is produced during this process.
Their flexibility, stability and durability make them ideal
for use in building foundations.
Ü www.gps-bau.com
demonstrating huge flexibility. You
are often forced to react extremely
quickly and cannot take time
out to consider the problem in detail.
The high costs associated with
downtime mean that the continuous
operation of the production
site cannot be interrupted. Lack of
space or existing pipes that cannot
be damaged require the highest level
of accuracy and the development
of special solutions.
GPS GmbH’s special areas of competence
also encompass standpipe
drilling, including laying foundations
for rig cellars. Although gas
and oil rigs are impressive because
they reach down several kilometres
into the earth, the most difficult
section is often the first 50 metres.
The equipment on drilling rigs is
not best suited to this kind of surface
drilling. This is where the technology
and expertise of the Himberg
specialist comes into play.
If you are one of the approx. 1.4
million people who works on one
of the almost 2,700 drilling rigs across
the world, or whether you’re
drilling highly precise holes in the
ground in Oberhofen am Irrsee –
any task is a challenge and the responsibility
you bear is huge. Wherever
you are based, good physical
fitness is an absolute must for the
hard, physically demanding work.
However, even in Oberhofen am
Irrsee, you’ll be served fish from
time to time. //
Collar connection
51

52 // ENVIRONMENT
Separation
with a future
ECO-EffICIENCY Long-lasting materials are what count in this day and age. Acting
sustainably is a future-oriented process and will ensure quality of life for future
generations. In construction, sustainability means placing renewed focus on the environmental
aspects and handling natural resources in a more responsible way.
// MariOn HiErzEnBErgEr
ustainable construction
is not only more environ-
S mentally sound, but also
minimises costs. A sustainably built
house saves energy throughout its
life cycle and the use of so-called
long-life construction materials
considerably reduces the need for
maintenance.
In domestic settings, the focus is on
what saves energy, but in the construction
sector, the focus is on life
cycles of buildings and materials.
‘Life cycle’ denotes the whole life
cycle of a building, from its manufacture
and usage to its demolition,
as well as the recycling and disposal
of materials. High-quality natural
building materials, which are already
manufactured with a focus on
their life cycles, save resources and
have a considerably reduced impact
on the environment – both in terms
of manufacture and disposal.
MATERIALS CONTAINING LIFE-
THREATENING COMPONENTS
The tale of a construction material
once hailed as a ‘wonder material’
but which turned out to have
disastrous long-term consequences
for both man and the environment
can be no better illustrated than by
the story of asbestos. From 1960 to
the end of the 1980s, asbestos was
often used as a construction ma-
terial, for example in the form of
Eternit sheets or sprayed asbestos,
as an insulation material, a storage
medium in electric storage heaters,
a floor covering and in many other
applications. In 1975, an estimated
five million tonnes of asbestos were
produced, processed and sold on
the market in the form of asbestosbased
products across the world.
The largest manufacturers were
Canada, Russia and South Africa.
The increase in popularity of this
material, as well as its industrial
use, posed a huge health risk.
In Austria, asbestos products were
gradually banned from 1978 onwards.
In 1990, products contain-

ing asbestos could not be sold on
the market anymore, with a few
exceptions. A general ban on asbestos
followed in 2004. Across the
world, an estimated two million
tonnes of asbestos is currently being
dismantled every year.
CLEANING AND DISPOSAL
The risk posed by unbound asbestos
fibres will affect us for generations
to come. The damage caused is
immense. Materials containing asbestos
that were used in construction
have now reached the end of
their life cycle. Since the end of the
1990s, extensive asbestos cleaning
has taken place and the material replaced
with alternative construction
materials which pose no health
risk. Given the risks that this material
poses, it can only be cleaned
and demolished by specialist officially
recognised firms.
‘SORTING ISLANDS’ FOR
CONSTRUCTION SITES
The company ÖKOTECHNA, an AL-
PINE subsidiary, specialises in the
disposal of problem materials and
construction site waste produced
during renovations, demolitions
and new builds.
Using an intelligent collection logistics
method, the so-called ‘sorting
island’, ÖKOTECHNA considerably
reduces the immediate impact
on the environment when compared
to traditional waste logistics.
With sorting islands, waste can be
separated at the point where it is
produced, which boosts the proportion
of construction site waste
that can be recycled.
SEPARATION IS WORTHWHILE
If non-hazardous material is mixed
with hazardous material, then the
entire waste will have to be classified
as dangerous or contaminated.
This in turn will increase costs of
waste disposal. If construction site
waste is separated where it is produced,
however, you save resources,
the environment and landfill
costs. It also makes recycling and
preparation of high-quality and
marketable secondary raw materials
possible. A good economic and
environmental method which is a
rather impressive example of what
can be done in the future in terms
of potential raw material.
ÖKOTECHNA has already used the
‘sorting island’ concept on several
construction projects, most recently
for the extension of the U2
underground line, which involved
around 600 professionals, or the
asbestos cleaning that has been
taking place at the Vienna International
Centre since 2004.
FROM CRADLE TO CRADLE
The vision of life cycle economics is
not just to prevent damage occurring
after the fact, but to prevent
it happening in the first place. This
is the idea championed by Michael
Braungart, a German chemist and
process engineer, and the American
architect and designer William Mc-
Donough as part of their ‘cradle to
cradle’ concept.
According to this vision, only two
types of products should exist in the
future: consumable goods, which
are biodegradable, and durable
goods, which can be recycled.
Thinking of the bigger picture and
acting in a sustainable manner is
how the experts describe it. A life
in harmony with nature. Today and
tomorrow. //
SHORTCUTS
THE SORTING ISLAND is an area located on a construc-
tion site which is fenced off and only accessible at certain
times. It contains waste collection units for construction
waste. The waste is accepted by specially trained staff and
sorted according to type of waste. Those working on the
construction site are contractually bound to dispose of
waste via the sorting island. Once construction is completed,
the client receives a list from the sorting island operator detailing
all the waste construction materials produced, which
saves them having to ask individual workers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ASBESTOS Asbestos is the collective
term for a silicate mineral that occurs naturally across
the world. The mysterious material fascinated people even
in ancient times because of its seemingly magical properties.
Asbestos does not burn and can withstand heat of over
1,000 degrees. It insulates against heat, cold, damp, acid and
sound. It is tensile and elastic, and does not rot or rust. The
fibre is lightweight, weatherproof, cheap and available in
large amounts.
WE HAVE ASKED // WHAT MAKES
ASBESTOS SO DANGEROUS?
it is easy to release asbestos fibres through some
form of mechanical impact, i.e. during dismantling,
treating, transportation, processing, demolition and
disposal, and these fibres can easily be breathed
in. asbestos fibres (100 μm long, average diameter
approx. 3 μm) enter the lung alveoli where they
cannot be broken down. Even in small amounts, this
can lead to asbestosis approximately 15 to 20 years
after exposure, depending on how much asbestos
dust has been breathed in, as well as how susceptible
a person is to this kind of illness.
53

54 //
CONSTRUCTIVE
COLUMN BY ANDREE BOCK
Being brave enough
to fill the gaps .
There are many things that single out
a tourist. A camera – it’s not just the
Japanese who have one permanently
slung around their necks – as well as the
puzzled look at the city map, or the fact
that they always manage to find the most
expensive cafés with the worst service
because some landmark or other is a
stone’s throw away.
In Berlin, taking a quick look off the
beaten track is enough to discover some
really good alternative landmarks. Berlin
could never be accused of being rich,
but it was always extravagant. Taking
a second look at the city will reveal a
luxury that few other cities have: striking
gaps in the city skyline. Open brownfield
sites that have been made secure with a
length of tape and which nobody seems
to want to use. While in other cities, you
see one shopping centre after another, in
Berlin you often see – nothing. Air where
otherwise there would be concrete. An
empty space where otherwise there
would be hectic activity.
Gaps only show up in the context of
fullness. We are so used to looking at
the many splendid buildings, at the
Brandenburg Gates of this world, at all
the majestic boulevards with their palatial
buildings, which shout centuries-old
secrets at us, that we no longer hear the
quiet murmur of the empty spaces.
They whisper to us soundlessly, these
spaces. Stories of a city that you won’t
find in any guide book. This visual
stillness can be incredibly inspiring for
those whose ears are not yet completely
blocked with a mix of schmaltzy 80s
super hits and today’s concrete highrises.
Berlin, which has been reinventing
itself for the past 20 years, offers the
freedom and space to build independent
ideas from scratch. Only in a city with
gaps can ideas be created of how best
to fill these gaps. A few years ago, an
architecture student undertook a thesis
which looked at the brownfield sites
in the city and how they could be used
intelligently until a permanent use was
found for them.
He provided a very simple solution: two
normal garden sheds from the garden
centre which were joined together in
such a way as to create a wooden house
with two rooms. The architect then
anchored the first house (with its roof
pointing downwards) to the ground using
a solid concrete foundation and built
the second wooden hut – the right way
up this time – on top. After he joined
both rooms together and furnished it
according to his own tastes, he was left
with a living space for one person that
cost little more than 10,000 euros. This
is the point where the sceptics amongst
you will ask where the electricity and
water come from and whether it is
safe and warm and so on. All good
points. But this architect had the guts
to see beauty in a gap. Where others
saw warning tape, he saw the edge of
a garden. Where others dumped their
rubbish at night, he put a garden chair
during the day. The good news for everyone
who likes bad news: the project
was never realised. Too expensive, not
profitable, too unusual.
And so today the brownfield site is used
as a car park. But every time I walk past,
I imagine what it would have been like
to see wooden huts all over it and my
head fills the gap with a smile. It doesn’t
take much to be happy, as a children’s
song once said. And sometimes, it takes
nothing.
// IMPRINT
PUBLISHER - ALPINE Holding GmbH
Marketing & Konzernkommunikation
Alte Bundesstraße 10 · 5071 Wals / Salzburg · Austria
Phone +43 662 8582-0 · Fax -9900 · inside@alpine.at
www.alpine.at
EDITOR IN CHIEf - Andreas Eder
EDITORIAL STAff - Ines Schmiedmaier
DESIGN / ART DIRECTION - Florian Frandl
AUTHORS fOR THIS ISSUE - Andree Bock,
Andreas Eder, Marion Hierzenberger, Michaela Hocek,
Ingrid Krawarik, Michael Kriess, Claudia Lagler, Melanie Müller,
Marina Pollhammer, Ines Schmiedmaier, Benedikt Schreyer
CONCEPT & ORGANISATION - Marina Pollhammer
PICTURE CREDITS - Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination
p. 36 // Claudia Leopold p. 7-9 // Christian Forcher p. 1,
2, 14-18 // Christopher Klettermayer p. 29-30 // H.-P. Kretschmer
p. 28 // Alexander Vorderleitner p. 33 // EOA p. 36 (Pavillon)
// ÖVBB p. 55 // istockphoto.com/airspeed p. 46 (Berlin Wall
remnant) // istockphoto.com/AlexKalina p. 5 (steam room) //
istockphoto.com/archives p. 19 (republikpalast) // istockphoto.
com/archives p. 41 (Motion Blur of High Speed Train on Railway
Tracks) // istockphoto.com/aryos p. 35 (Four Asteroids) //
istockphoto.com/barol16 p. 47 (Schnitzel with baked vegetables
and rosemary) // istockphoto.com/bernotto p. 34/35
(China Shanghai Pudong skyline at sunset) // istockphoto.com/
chrisgramly p. 24 (Woman relaxing in infinity pool) // istockphoto.com/CoolestMovies
p. 19 (More Cowbell) // istockphoto.com/
craftvision p. 25 (Girl in Sauna) // istockphoto.com/dinadesign
p. 5 (water drops on glass #3) // istockphoto.com/DomD p. 22
(Crowd of People Celebrating) // istockphoto.com/DrRave p.
27 (Cow on the road, India) // istockphoto.com/ecliff6 p. 44
(Checkpoint Charlie) // istockphoto.com/EmiSta p. 52 (dandelions
taraxacum // officinale) istockphoto.com/erlucho p. 47 (Big
Pool) // istockphoto.com/fotofrankyat p. 48 (Kuhportrait auf
der Alm mit Weitwinkel) // istockphoto.com/fotoVoyager p. 45
(Green man Brandenburg Gate) // istockphoto.com/gremlin p.
42/43 (Cityscape) // istockphoto.com/Hajohoos p. 37 (Standing
on glassground) // istockphoto.com/heather_mcgrath p.
19 (Spy with Target) // istockphoto.com/hsvrs p. 44 (Berlin
Cathedral at Museum Island) // istockphoto.com/Ingenui p. 44
(Alexanderplatz in Berlin) // istockphoto.com/inhauscreative p.
35 (Zipper) // istockphoto.com/JPecha p. 53 (Asbestos Warning
Sign on Condemned Property Door) // istockphoto.com/khorzhevska
p. 35 (stylization pin-up girl with lipstick) // istockphoto.
com/kozmoat98 p. 50/51 (Oil Rig) // istockphoto.com/labsas
p. 44 (Detail of graffiti. Art or vandalism) // istockphoto.com/
luoman p. 20/21 // (Crowd) // istockphoto.com/m-1975 p. 45
(Old Trabant in East Berlin) // istockphoto.com/miteman p. 27
(New Delhi landscape) // istockphoto.com/Nikada p. 5 (Shanghai
Nighttime) // istockphoto.com/ongan p. 47 (chinese cups)
// istockphoto.com/ooyoo p. 10/11 (Night Drive) // istockphoto.
com/P_Wei p. 19 (Hard Hat And Leather Gloves) // istockphoto.
com/prill p. 37 (glass of beer) // istockphoto.com/prill p. 37
(perfect glass of pils beer) // istockphoto.com/Raffaelo p. 19
(German Currywurst) // istockphoto.com/rfwil p. 44 (US Army
Checkpoint) // istockphoto.com/ribeirorocha p. 53 (asbestos) //
iStockphoto.com/RusN p. 50 (pebble pyramid) // istockphoto.
com/tancor p. 38/39 (Twinkle) // istockphoto.com/Yana_B p.
52 (Dandelion) // istockphoto.com/Yuri_Arcurs p. 26 (Happy
man getting massage at spa) // istockphoto.com/zennie p. 35
(World Globe China) // Restliche Bilder: ALPINE Bildarchiv
PRINT - agensketterl Druckerei GmbH
PUBLICATION - biannually
- This is the English translation of the magazine. The German
version of this magazine applies in case of any differences.
- Typographical and printing errors subject to change.
- Despite very careful preparation and production of this
issue no responsibility can be taken for the correctness of
this information and any liability by ALPINE Holding GmbH is
expressly excluded.

Egg-Graben Bridge / AT
PAGE 48

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