DDC 2 JLA 4DConstructionPlanningReport

Digital Design and Construction 2 

16470 

16470: Digital Design & Construction 2 

UTS Building 2 - JLA 

University Of Technology Sydney 

Architecture & Façade: Benjamin Everingham 11695158 

Structure: Cameron Johansson 11986876 

Mechanical & Electrical: George Butler 12043600 

Hydraulic & Fire: John Halias 11981533

1.0 Description of Building Profile 

1.1 Description of the Building 

UTS Building 2 is a unique and intricately designed building that represents the first phase of 

the UTS City Campus Master Plan. The building, designed by Francis-Jones Morehan Thorp, 

has a striking glass encased podium on levels 3-7, with a further 9 levels above this with a 

glazed curtain wall facade that twists as the building progresses up. The end result will be a 

fascinating and impressive display of modern Architecture and construction and will 

undoubtedly place UTS Campus at the forefront of Australian Universities. 

Address 

Project Cost 

Project Duration 

Architect 

Main Contractor 

BUILDING 2 – UTS CENTRAL PROJECT DETAILS 

15 Broadway 

$278 Million 

29 Months 

FJMT 

Richard Crookes Constructions 

1.2 Purpose of the Building 

The end purpose of the building is first and foremost to enhance students experience at UTS. 

The building will also support UTS long-term strategic plan of growing in research while 

maintaining a positive contribution to the urban quality of the precinct and surrounding area. 

The building will serve as a new state of the art library, with student services hub, collaborative 

learning spaces, and student common areas all within the buildings confines. 

1.3 Scope 

The scope of works for Building 2 will first involve demolition of the existing building during 

the ‘quiet period’ beginning in November 2016. After demolition is complete, minor 

groundwork’s will be carried out and the buildings footings will be placed. It is important 

during demolition and groundwork’s that the existing services below the building are 

maintained for future use. 

After this is complete, work will commence on the structure, beginning with the FRP of ground 

floor slab with columns and structural steel to follow. This process will continue level by level 

up the building, with sequenced suspended slabs poured on top of the load bearing columns 

beneath and columns being poured in sequences after that. The glazed curtain wall facade 

will follow the structure up the building, with aluminium mullions installed first, followed by 

glazing and cladding. The façade installation will be complete simultaneously with the 

buildings structure, with electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, fire and security services to be 

roughed in keeping pace with the structure. 

Wall & ceiling linings and partitions will then be installed progressively up the building, all 

floor, wall and ceiling finishes and fit off of all services will be carried out and joinery will be 

fabricated and installed. Vertical transportation will be installed once the structure is 

complete. External landscaping works will then be completed to round out the project. 

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1.4 Construction Methods 

Construction methods of note that will be utilised on Building 2 are as follows: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Demolition of existing building while maintaining existing underground services for 

future use, and creating minimal public disturbance 

Scaffold working down the building with demolition 

Sequenced concrete pours with post-tensioned concrete slabs 

Aluminium framed glazed curtain wall facade with Low-e glazing 

Solid concrete core lift shaft 

Reinforced prefabricated fire stairs 

LED lighting throughout the building 

Mechanical ventilation throughout the building 

2.0 Description of Model Profiles 

2.1 Description of Architectural Model and Discrepancies 

The UTS Building 2 Architectural model is simplistic but still rather impressive, consisting of 

basic walls, floors, and ceilings, aluminium framed solid core doors, and joinery, all designed 

to suit the building's intricate structure and shape. 

During the process of implementing the Richard Crookes contract programme into Navisworks 

and creating a timeline simulation, it became evident that there are several discrepancies in 

the model. 

ARCHITECTURAL MODEL DISCREPANCIES 

The first and most notable discrepancy was the 

ceilings throughout the building not being allocated 

to a level as illustrated below. This made it quite 

challenging to create search sets for each level and 

meant that I could not use the same searches as I had 

used for other elements of the model. Instead I was 

required to click on each individual element of the 

ceiling for each level, create a search set using the ID 

of that element and then combine all of the search 

sets that I had created for that level. 

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Level 15 Ceiling 

Another element of the Architectural model that had 

‘No Level’ assigned to it was the Bulkheads 

throughout the building. The bulkheads were also 

broken up into small sections for each level, as 

illustrated in the screen capture below. A 

construction programme will not normally be broken 

to the level of detail where portions of a levels 

bulkhead allocated to separate activity lines. This is 

also not realistic for a timeliner simulation. 

Instead of creating individual search sets for each 

levels bulk heads, I created just one search set for the 

entire buildings bulkheads and allocated this set to an 

activity that would show up towards the end of my 

simulation so it would not look out of place. 

Another discrepancy that I noticed in the model was 

that the plasterboard walls on various levels protrude 

straight through the ceilings and services space. 

Typically, plasterboard walls will run from the floor 

level to the bottom of the ceiling. This is illustrated 

below. 

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On levels 13 & 14 of the model there are timber slats 

protruding from the bulkhead, however each piece of 

timber was separate, which again would have meant 

creating individual search sets for each slat and 

merging them for each level. Instead, I created one 

search set that captured all of the timber slats for 

both levels and assigned them to level 14 so that they 

would fit into my simulation smoothly. 

Another discrepancy in the Architectural model was 

the rooms on each level being having individual 

properties. This is not practical, as the layout of the 

walls, floors and ceilings will automatically create 

rooms according to their location. For the purpose of 

the timeline simulation, each of these rooms were 

allocated to the internal walls search sets. 

2.2 Description of Facade Model and Discrepancies 

The facade model is fascinating, with the glazed curtain wall wrapping around the buildings 

structure that twists from level 8 to the roof. This curtain wall system is supported by 

aluminium millions and has bronze metal clad floor plates. Unlike the Architectural model, the 

Façade model had very few discrepancies, and no issues with elements having no level 

assigned to them. 

For the purpose of creating a timeline simulation, there were some minor issues with the 

model such as each of the individual mullions on each level being separated. Again, it is not 

realistic in a construction programme to have each mullion separated into separate activities. 

Instead, I created a search set that captured all of the mullions for each level. 

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FAÇADE MODEL DISCREPANCIES 

Individual Mullions 

As was the case with the mullions for each level, 

the Curtain Wall Glazing was split up into 

sections for each level. This is actually quite 

realistic, as only portions of a levels façade will 

be installed each day. However, for the purpose 

of creating a timeliner simulation it was far more 

practical to create a single search set that 

captures the curtain wall glazing for each level. 

This was also the case with the bronze metal 

cladding on each level, where it was split up into 

individual pieces. Again, I created a search set for 

each level that captured all of the cladding. 

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2.3 Description of Structural Model and Discrepancies 

The structural model forms the foundation for the model, with all adjoining disciplines 

forming around the structural model. The model includes all structural elements for the 

building, which consists of both structural concrete and structural steel throughout. The 

elements that form the basis of the structural model (levels 8-18) include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reinforced concrete beams 

Reinforced concrete slabs 

Reinforced concrete core walls 

Reinforced concrete blade walls 

Reinforced concrete fire stairs 

Reinforced concrete columns 

Horizontal structural steel 

Vertical structural steel 

Steel plates 

Upon commencement of the assessment task it became clear that there were a number of 

discrepancies in the structural model. These discrepancies were a result of two things, the 

first being the overlay between difference discrepancies, and the second being that the model 

had minor defects within itself. 

STRUCTURAL MODEL DISCREPANCIES 

Throughout the structural model is the inclusion of fire 

doors. These fire doors should be included in the 

Architectural model - clearly identifying one of the 

discrepancies in this structural model. 

From levels 10 to 16 there is the inclusion of a half-height 

blade wall that forms a part of the structural model. 

During the establishment of the search-sets for this item 

it became clear there was some minor defects within the 

element. A number of the blade walls were made up of a 

number of components, meaning that a detailed ‘Item’ 

search-set needed to be created to ensure that all 

components for this item were included. 

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The structural model had the inclusion of a number of 

structural steel plates. It is assume that these plates form 

a component for internal staircases - which are part of the 

architectural model. These items have been raised as a 

discrepancy within the structural model and will be 

included in the architectural discipline in the final 

federated submission. 

When reviewing the structural steel components for the 

roof level it was identified that a number of the elements 

show a disconnect. This is likely to be a result of the other 

disciplines being hidden from the structural model. 

The final discrepancies discovered during the model 

analysis was the identification of fire stairs on level 7 as 

listed as a level 8 component. This meant that when a 

search set was produced for the stairs on level 8, the stairs 

that were actually located on level 7 were also included. 

This is a minor discrepancy within the elemental profiling. 

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2.4 Description of Mechanical & Electrical Model and Discrepancies 

RCC have created highly detailed representations of the electrical and mechanical services 

within their NAVIS works model. For the electrical services the model identifies the power 

supply, data, lighting and security. More specifically, the model breaks down systems into the 

following elements; Cable Trays, Cable Tray Fittings, Data Devices, Electrical Equipment and 

Security Devices. In terms of, mechanical services the model identifies the following systems; 

Heating, Cooling, Humidifying, Dehumidifying, Cleaning, Ventilation and Air movement. These 

are further broken down into elements including Ducts, Duct Fittings, Duct Accessories, 

Mechanical Equipment, Pipes, Pipes and Fittings. 

Whilst there were obvious clashes and discrepancies in the model a sufficient programmed 

simulation could still be developed. The five major components of these two disciplines that 

RCC have decided to break the model elements down into include the following: 

1. Electrical Equipment 

2. Cable Trays 

3. Supply Air 

4. Return Air 

5. Mechanical Ceiling Fittings 

Discrepancies 

Having interrogated the model and appended disciplines a number of discrepancies were 

identified. These discrepancies can be categorised into four general groups including; element 

clashes with other disciplines in the model, elements without an allocated level, elements 

appearing over multiple levels and elements not included in the model. In order to ensure the 

simulation showed the correct logic individual search sets were created for each discrepancy 

group. These additional search sets included the following: 

‣ Install Security Devices 

‣ Install Data Devices 

‣ Install Exhaust Air 

‣ Vertical Cable Trays 

‣ Vertical Exhaust Ducts 

ELEMENTS WITHOUT A LEVEL ALLOCATION 

Vertical Cable Trays without an allocated level. A separate 

search set was created for these items and programmed 

so that they appeared at the end of the simulation. 

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There were a number of various items such as cable tray 

fittings and duct fittings particularly in the levels below 

level 8 that had no defined level attached to them. For the 

purpose of the simulation the majority of these were 

hidden. 

ELEMENTS APPEARING OVER MULTIPLE LEVELS 

Vertical Exhaust Duct connected to level 8 that travels across 

multiple levels. Initially an animation was created so that 

they gradually appeared with each level however upon 

exporting the file the program constantly crashed. 

Consequently, these ducts were programmed so that they 

appeared at the end of the simulation along with the duct 

insulation. 

Vertical Cable Tray connected to level 8 that travels across 

multiple levels 

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Vertical Exhaust Duct connected to level 9 that travels across 

multiple levels 

Vertical Exhaust Duct connected to level 10 that travels 

across multiple floors 

Vertical Exhaust Duct connected to level 17/Roof that travels 

across multiple levels 

Vertical Supply Air duct connected to level 17/Roof that 

travels across multiple levels 

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ELEMENT CLASHES WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES IN THE MODEL 

Supply air and return air ducting on levels 7, 8 & 10 

currently clashes with the architectural model. The 

ducting protrudes from the building through the 

facade 

Throughout the project there were a number of 

instances were cable trays clashed with mechanical 

ducting. Typically in most cases these issues could 

easily be resolved during construction. 

ELEMENTS NOT INCLUDED IN THE MODEL 

Elements such as the mechanical air handling units 

(dark blue elements in image) and grilles were not 

included in the mechanical model and therefore did 

not appear. Consequently these items were 

excluded from the simulation and program as they 

could not be successfully linked 

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2.5 Description of Hydraulic & Fire Model and Discrepancies 

Fire: 

The fire model (pictured below) of the building incorporates a wet & dry fire service system 

easily distinguished in the selection tree feature of Navisworks. The elements within the fire 

services trade can then be separated under three main categories: 

- Installation of fire services - Fire pipe fittings & fire pipes. 

- Fit off fire services - Cable trays, centre lines & cable tray fittings. 

- Fire service equipment - Sprinklers & fire alarm devices 

Hydraulic – Pressure: 

The hydraulic model (pictured below) is made up of a combination between the hydraulic 

pressure and hydraulic drainage models. The Hydraulic Pressure System encompasses the 

pipes and pipe fittings which provide water with pressure to the fit off services (sprinklers) to 

each level. In addition to this, there are Hydraulic Pressure System fixtures which are only 

found in the model on Level 17 – the 87500L water tank and a water pump. 

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Hydraulic – Drainage: 

The Hydraulic drainage system comprises of pipe fittings, pipes and plumbing fixtures. 

Although the element names of the drainage model are quite similar to the pressure and fire 

model, the differences can be found in the detail, showing that the pipes and pipe fittings in 

the drainage model encapsulate all the PVC piping, pipe fittings and recessed wall tundishes 

used for sanitary drainage throughout the building. 

HYDRAULIC & FIRE DISCREPANCIES 

The fire services on Levels 8-10. The sprinklers 

(blue) do not seem to be attached to any of the 

fire pipes or pipe fittings and hence would not 

have any water supplied to them. 

The water tank and water pump on the roof 

level. Not only are they not connected to each 

other but they have no pipes or piping systems 

connecting to them. 

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A single cable tray from Level 8 and a single fire 

pipe from Level 17 in the Fire Services model 

travel all the way up to L17 (for the L8 

discrepancy) and all the way down to L8 (for 

the L17 discrepancy). 

The L8 fire pipe was hidden from view in the 

static simulation of the model to make it more 

aesthetically pleasing. 

Level 16 Hydraulic Pressure Services has picked 

up pipes and pipe fittings travelling all the way 

down to Level 8. 

There are two issues with Hydraulic Drainage 

Services to level 8. 

1. There are level 8 PVC pipe’s connecting 

down to the levels below Level 8. 

2. There are random PVC pipes up near Level 

15 which are part of the Level 8 Hydraulic 

set. 

This is an important discrepancy because in the 

simulations the random pipes at the top of the 

model were not hidden from the beginning and 

appear throughout the entirety of the videos. 

Level 8 sprinkler clashing with a level 9 PVC 

Drainage pipe. Not only does this show two 

items from separate models clashing but they 

are not even on the same level. One of many 

similar clashes within the model. 

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3.0 Description of Site and Client Profile 

3.1 Location and Boundary of Site 

UTS Building 2 is located at 15 Broadway next to Building 1, the Tower Building, fronting onto 

Broadway. The building is adjacent to Jones Street with UTS buildings 10 and 11 across the 

street. This is illustrated on the site plan below. 

The site will have permanent hoarding erected around the perimeter, running along 

Broadway, adjacent to Building 11 and onto Jones Street, continuing along the rear of the site 

in front of UTS Building 7 and enclosing the site along Building 1. 

3.2 Vehicular Traffic and Pedestrian Flows 

Located in the heart of Broadway, UTS Building 2 is surrounded by heavy vehicular and 

pedestrian traffic in peak hours, particularly in the morning between 8-10AM with students 

arriving to university and commuters travelling to work and in the afternoon between 4-6PM 

with students departing university and commuters making their way home from work. Traffic 

is less intense outside of these hours, however there is still a steady flow of pedestrians 

throughout the day with students travelling throughout the university campus. 

This level of traffic will also fluctuate according to the time of year, where during university 

holidays in July and from November to March the pedestrian traffic will be significantly 

reduced. Vehicular traffic will also reduce in the summer months, as this is a common holiday 

period. Both pedestrian and vehicular traffic is significantly reduced on weekends. 

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It is vital for UTS to maintain pedestrian access along Broadway as this is a main thoroughfare 

for students to travel from building to building. In order to allow for this, type B hoarding will 

be erected along the Broadway side of the site and will remain for the duration of 

construction. 

3.3 Site Specific & Logistics Details 

The site-specific construction hours for UTS Building 2 are as follows: 

Monday to Friday: 7am to 5pm 

Saturday: No work 

Sunday: No work 

An application must be submitted and a fee paid for work to occur outside of these hours. 

Deliveries to the site are also very restricted; it is not feasible to be taking deliveries from 

Broadway as the effect on the traffic would be too severe, meaning Jones Street is the only 

reasonable site entrance to be taking deliveries. Although Jones Street has very little vehicular 

traffic, the level of pedestrian traffic is quite high with students using this street to travel from 

buildings 10 and 11 to building 7 and the alumni area. This will require ongoing attention 

during construction to ensure deliveries are not endangering students or disrupting UTS 

operations. 

3.4 Client Operations and Constraints 

UTS has a responsibility to its students to provide a high level facility for them to learn and 

study, meaning disruptions to classes due to construction works are unacceptable. With this 

in mind, UTS have imposed several requirements around days where there can be restricted 

work or no work, such as student graduation days and formal examinations. Works that are 

particularly disruptive to UTS daily operations, such as demolition, are required to be carried 

out during student holidays. 

It is also critical that UTS be given at least 7 days’ notice of any disruptions or restrictions to 

building access as a result of construction works. 

4.0 Risk Analysis & Management Approach 

Traffic: 

4.1 Controlled Risks 

Traffic conditions are a major risk that particularly relevant to this building site. This is largely 

due to the location of the site in relation to Broadway and central station. In order to ensure 

that this risk is mitigated it will be crucial develop and implement a traffic management plan. 

This will be important to ensure that deliveries to site and site activities do not cause 

disturbances to the public. In the same way, monitoring of the traffic conditions and updated 

management plans will be important for RCC to ensure that traffic conditions do not 

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jeopardise critical path activities such as concrete pours and deadlines. Establishing work 

zones on Jones Street to allow for deliveries and other activities will be an important aspect 

of the traffic management plan. In addition, signage and pre-delivery notifications for delivery 

routes will ensure efficiency. The use of traffic controller subcontractors also will assist with 

this process. 

Pedestrian traffic is another risk that must be closely controlled as there is constantly a high 

volume of people walking around most of which are UTS pupils. Hoardings along Broadway 

and Jones Street as well as signage will ultimately play a crucial role in diverting pedestrian 

traffic and ensuring that there is a safe environment around the site boundaries. 

Traffic Risk 

Traffic incident causing 

major disruptions to site 

activities 

Disruptions to local traffic 

caused by a backlog of site 

deliveries 

Pedestrian injuries caused 

by site activities 

Likely 

Hood 

Consequence 

Matrix 

Score 

Likely Major 8 

 

 

Management 

Critical path programme 

activities to occur outside of 

peak hour traffic 

Ensure constant traffic 

updates are made readily 

available to subcontractors 

and site personnel 

Likely Major 8 Implementation of Traffic 

Management Plan 

Hoardings around site 

Warning signage 

Unlikely Catastrophic 9 

Lower speed limits around 

site boundaries 

Material supply and availability: 

Sydney is currently experiencing a boom in construction activities which is subsequently 

placing a lot of pressure on material and labour suppliers. This ultimately poses a great risk to 

the project and needs to be managed effectively so as not to cause major delays. Early 

subcontractor lettings and material procurement will ultimately play a crucial role in this 

process allowing for long lead time items to be secured and labour resources managed. 

Ultimately, clear communication between RCC and their subcontractors and suppliers is what 

will enable this to happen. 

Labour and Material Risk 

Likely 

Hood 

Consequence 

Matrix 

Score 

Management Approach 

Ensuring a constant supply 

of the required labour and 

materials 

Likely Major 8 

 

Clear dialogue and 

forecasting will mitigate this 

risk 

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Delay in material supply 

Long lead time items i.e. 

facade 

Unlikely Major 6 


 

 

 

 

Clear dialogue between 

subcontractors to ensure that 

they are managing their 

suppliers 

The same applies to supply 

agreements set up between 

RCC and the suppliers directly 

Early procurement and shop 

drawing approval 

Clear communication 

between RCC and 

subcontractor 

Communication/Reporting 

Breakdowns in communication are a major risk to construction projects that can have major 

impacts on programme, safety, quality, cost and efficiency. Coordination amongst the many 

stakeholders and parties involved in the process is key. 

In order to ensure that this risk is controlled a number of measures can be implemented by 

RCC including: 

Integration of a Building Information Modelling Systems 

Regular forecasting and report generation from data extracted from the BIM such as 

safety incidents and productivity of site activities 

Scheduled toolbox and site meetings 

Regular PCG meetings with the University and shareholders 

Open dialogue with the UTS student and staff faculty 

Standards and Legislations/safety 

A number of techniques and procedures can be implemented in order to manage risks 

associated with legislation, standards and safety. 

The key governing legislation includes the following: 

Safe Work Australia Code of Practice 

National Code of Construction (BCA) 

Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 

Standards, 

Legislation and 

Safety risks 

Injuries to site 

personnel 

Likely 

Hood 

Consequence 

Matrix 

Score 


 


Ensuring there is a safe building 

environment, edge protection, 

regular safety talks, signage, PPE 

regulation, regular equipment 

inspections 

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Injuries to members 

of the public 

Shutdown of site 

activities due to noncompliance 

with 

legislation 

Non-compliance with 

NCC and BCA 

standards 




Suitable hoardings, signage, 

safety officers, site personnel 

directing traffic, exclusion zones 

Ensuring high risk works take 

place outside of peak hours 

Regular safety audits 

CFMEU communication 

 

 

Regular inspections by architect 

and Private Certifying Authority. 

Use top consultants for design to 

ensure it complies on paper first 

Client operations and constraints 

Ensuring minimal disturbances to the UTS campus and activities is a crucial component of the 

project and risk that needs to be controlled. 

 

 

 

Noise and vibration control will need to be established so as not to disturb UTS 

lectures and activities 

Dust suppression is critical to ensure there is a safe and clean environment on the 

nearby campuses 

Effective programming and consideration of peak university times and activities needs 

to be incorporated into the projects strategic planning 

Risk of Contract Variations 

Variations pose a risk to the client as they are liable for costs incurred by changes in the 

construction. Early design resolution will be key to mitigating the likelihood of major variations 

arising and an open dialogue between RCC and UTS will facilitate this. Carefully and fairly 

writing risk into the contract agreement will also ensure that the project runs smoothly. 

Time Based Risks: 

Effective time management will ultimately determine the success of the UTS project. There is 

a lot of overlap between the various controlled risk strategies and the one that is particular 

important to managing time is communication. The use of BIM will ensure that all parties are 

constantly provided with the latest information and documentation to enable them to 

program their works. 

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Programme Risks Likely Hood Consequence 

Matrix 

Score 

Scope Creep Unlikely Catastrophic 9 

Liquidated damages for 

RCC 

Unlikely Moderate 6 

Long Lead time items Unlikely Major 8 


Cost Plus contract may lead to 

scope creep 

Early design finalisation 

required 

Open dialogue with client 

Forecasting 

Subcontractor meetings 

Early engagement of 

subcontractors, early order 

and shop drawing approvals 

Weather 

4.2 Uncontrolled Risks 

With an estimated building time of approximately two years, it is certain that during the 

construction phase of UTS Building 2, workers on site will be faced with some sort of 

inclement or abnormal weather conditions. Whether it be extreme heat, storms, high winds 

or torrential rain these conditions will not only affect the duration of the project but more 

importantly, would have a significant impact on the safety of workers involved on the 

construction site. With the safety of workers being a top priority on site, there are a number 

of measures and precautions which can be taken to minimise the financial and physical 

effects of these unforeseen circumstances. 

For example: 

 

 

 

The appropriate use of the technology would allow RCC construction managers to 

make knowledgeable decisions about any potential hazardous or poor weather 

conditions. This would ensure that project managers can schedule the appropriate 

time into their programs for potential delays and stoppages. Not only would this 

reduce the risk of injury on site (when the weather struck) but a better planned 

program would ensure the time lost due to delays was minimal. 

To keep employees safe, RCC construction managers are to ensure that there are no 

works carried out when there are extremely high wind conditions, heavy rainfall or 

extremely high temperatures. 

Allowance for delay costs in contingencies and extension of time clauses would also 

allow RCC construction managers to be able ensure the financial consequences of 

inclement weather conditions are minimised. 

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Industrial Action 

With the Australian construction industry being one of the most litigious and disputable in 

the world, it is important to take into account the effects industrial action could have during 

the construction of UTS Building 2. Industrial action including strikes or stoppages of work 

could easily occur if employees begin to refuse to do work because they believe they are 

being unfairly treated or their health and safety is at risk. This would not only become a 

nuisance for RCC but it would delay construction and lead to potential significant delays in 

the project which could incur significant unwanted costs. To minimise the chance of 

industrial action occurring during construction, RCC should: 

 

 

Maintain constant communication with employees and union representatives to 

ensure all relationships are strong and all parties are able to voice any concerns 

about each other if need be. 

Build a strong and positive culture around the workplace and on the construction 

site. Creating an environment where all staff and workers feel that they are 

accepted, safe and respected will not only lead to workplace where work is done at 

an optimum efficiency but would ensure that individuals are content with their job 

and are much less likely to take industrial action against RCC. 

5.0 Proposed site layout 

The proposed site produces a number of potential issues when looking at site establishment. 

When looking at the final site establishment it is important to consider all site constraints and 

the site specific requirements including; access, materials handling, site accommodation, 

perimeter boundary, DA requirements and so forth. These items are explored below in detail. 

5.1 Site Perimeter & Fencing 

The requirements for site hoardings and fencing are largely dependent on the live 

environment that the surrounding neighbours present. As a university campus there will be 

continual traffic and people management, which will form the basis of hoarding and fencing 

selection for the project. Taking into consideration the adjoining roads and building, there will 

be a requirement for two types of hoarding. The two hoarding types will be Class A acoustic 

hoarding and a Class B hoarding. 

5.1.1 Class A Acoustic Hoarding 

The live environment presented by the university campus will ultimately call on the use of an 

acoustic Class A hoarding for majority of the site perimeter. This hoarding type will provide an 

ideal barrier between the site and the surrounding operational buildings. The hoarding will 

also provide acoustic dampening during noisy operations, reducing disruptions to the 

neighbouring sites. 

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5.1.2 Class B Hoarding 

The site enclosed by three (3) operation roads, one of which is the ever busy Broadway. This 

will present the requirement for a Class B hoarding along the perimeter on the Broadway side. 

This will be required to provide pedestrian access during the construction phase and provide 

safe access and egress to the surrounding areas for all. 

5.2 Cranage and Materials Handling 

The site provides the requirement for a crane to be used during the construction phase. When 

looking at the site constraints and close proximity to surround buildings, it is evident that a 

Luffing Crane will need to be used. This will suit the radial restrictions presented by the nearby 

buildings to the site and reduce risks during construction. The recommended crane size is a 

35m Luffing Crane which will have a lifting capacity of 16 tonne. 

The crane will be located as shown in the below image. This will provide the best solution for 

materials handling on site - allowing vertical materials handling during construction phase. 

This will allow for materials handling on a large scale and will allow the contractor to relocate 

materials as required. The crane will be situated nearby the driveway/loading area for the 

site, ensuring that there is reduced risk when large deliveries are made and require materials 

handling. This is shown below. 

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All site deliveries will be coordinated via Jones St using the site gate entry as shown above. 

This will reduce the risk for traffic management on Broadway, which would require extensive 

traffic management if it was to be used. Deliveries through Jones St will also suit the site 

layout, allowing trucks to drive directly into the site from the rear. Traffic management and 

materials handling are highlighted on the satellite image below. 

5.3 Site Facilities 

The site will require a number of site facilities to account for people management on site. The 

general requirements for the site will be a site office, bathroom and amenities, lunch room 

and change rooms. Given the site constraints that are present, an effective site layout will be 

required to ensure that all these items can fit within the site boundaries. It is suggested that 

a stacking methodology be put in place for the site facilities to allow the best use of space on 

site. An example of provided below. 

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The layout of the site facilities has been taken into consideration the cranage and materials 

handling requirements, meaning that all site facilities will be located on the Western side. This 

will reduce risk of site access issues during periods of large deliveries and high site activity. A 

detailed outlook on the site facilities layout is shown on the site establishment plan on the 

following page. 

5.4 DA Approved Hours & Site Layout 

Monday - Friday: 7:00am - 5:30pm 

Saturday: 7:00am - 5:00pm 

Sundays and Public Holidays: No site activity/noise permitted 

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6.0 Analysis & Implementation of RCC Contract Programme 

6.1 Architectural & Façade 

6.1.1 Deficiencies in the RCC Contract Programme 

The Richard Crookes Constructions programme for Architecture was quite accurate and had 

sufficient detail to create an accurate timeline simulation of the project. For construction 

purposes it is worth noting that the programme could have been broken down into more 

detail, for example floor finishes could have several sub-tasks such as tile finishes, carpet 

finishes, stone and vinyl. 

Although there was a lack of breakdown for activities such as floor finishes and internal walls, 

the durations assigned to these tasks were very accurate. 

Original Richard Crookes Contract Programme 

Contrastingly, the original façade programme had only one task for the whole façade of each 

level. This is unrealistic for both a timeline simulation and construction. In order to depict a 

more realistic programme, several sub tasks were added to the façade installation. 

The screen capture below shows that additional sub tasks that were added to the façade 

installation, where the mullions are installed separately, followed by the glazing and then the 

bronze metal cladding. 

28

Another discrepancy in the original programme was the fact that there was no tasks for Level 

18/Roof, however as the time liner screen shot below illustrates, the façade of the building 

extends onto the roof and overhangs the plant on the roof. 

29

6.1.2 Prescribed & Additional Search Sets Implemented 

The search set folder structure for each level of the Architectural and Façade models is very 

comprehensive and fluid throughout the building, with the same folder structure for all levels. 

Both disciplines are broken down by level, with each of the subtasks in the level folders. This 

structure was very easy to follow and made the process of duplicating search sets for each 

level very efficient. 

Architectural & Façade Search Set Folder Structure 

30

The screen capture below shows the search sets that were created for the level 10 ceiling. As 

mentioned previously, this was one of the most challenging aspects of the Architectural model 

and required many additional search sets to be created. 

In contrast to the level 10 ceiling search set, a much more simple approach was taken to the 

bulkhead search sets, as illustrated below. The one search set that was created captured all 

of the bulkheads in the model. 

31

6.1.3 Appearance Profiling 

The appearance profiling colour selection process was quite extensive for the Architectural 

and Façade models. In order to create an effective timeline simulation that highlights each of 

the aspects of the building, it is crucial to select appropriate colours and set the transparency 

for each item to the most optimal setting. 

The process of selecting colours for each element mainly involved trial and error. The table 

below show the colours that were decided upon and the level of transparency that was 

allocated to each item. The façade has quite a high level of transparency, as this allows you to 

view the fit out of the building during the simulation. The floors and ceilings also have a 

relatively high transparency as this allows you to view the floors below during the simulation. 

Architectural/Façade Element 

Colour/Nominated Transparency 

Architectural Elements 

Walls 

Untouched 

Ceilings Red, 55% 

Floors Grey, 50% 

Façade Elements 

All facade Khaki, 75% 

Architectural & Façade Appearance Profiling Table 

6.1.4 Illustration of Sequencing 

Install Level 8 Mullions 

32

Install Level 8 Glazing 

Install Walls and Hang Doors 

Install Floor Finishes and hang 

ceilings. Ceilings are shown in 

red and floor finishes are 

shown in grey. 

Levels 9-17 are all typical of Level 8. 

33

6.2 Structural 

6.2.1 Deficiencies in RCC Contract Programme 

When presented with the structural model and original RCC Contract, it was clear that 

additional task items needed to be added to the programme to account for all structural 

elements. The original RCC Contract Programme detailed each level as shown below: 

While this formed the basis of what was required for the project programme, there were 

additional items that needed to be included to account for all structural elements. The 

additional items that were to be added included the requirement for four (4) slab pours on 

level 8, additional tasks for fire stairs and inclusion of structural steel. In addition to this, it 

was identified that a number of the tasks had unrealistic timeframes for the tasks. This 

resulted in the redrafting of the work breakdown structure and their applicable time frames. 

An example of the updated work breakdown structure is shown below. 

The final work breakdown structure above accounts for the particular structural model 

breakdown and ensured that the animation was developed to a suitable level. The separation 

of the fire stairs from the core allowed for a realistic animation, ensuring that the two items 

were completed separately. Likewise with the addition of structural steel, which was not 

originally accounted for. 

34

6.2.2 Prescribed and Additional Search Sets 

Following the update to the RCC Programme it then allowed for an improved level of detail to 

be applied to the Navisworks search sets. The search sets for the structural model were 

developed on a level to level basis, with a level specific analysis being applied to each search 

set. This saw task specific inclusions and exclusions being applied throughout the sets to 

account for the breakdown requirements and various discrepancies. The general basis for 

forming my level by level search sets is depicted in the image for the level 8 search sets. 

The naming conventions were duplicated for each level to ensure formality throughout. This 

provided greater ease when adapting the programme with the additional search sets for the 

project. 

6.2.2.1 Separating Concrete Pours 

The breakdown for level 8 provides and overview to the number and type of search sets that 

were created for the final submission. This includes all additional tasks that were added to the 

programme and identifies where the breakdown was for the number of concrete pours. 

These search sets were developed to ensure that the specific elements were connected to the 

work breakdown structure. An example of how the inclusions and exclusions were developed 

is shown below. 

35

This is example of how the separation for slab pours was created for the model. These search 

sets were then duplicated for each level and then applied to the specific level. Level 8 was the 

only level that required four separate slab pours. 

6.2.2.2 Itemised Blade Walls 

In addition to the separate pours, another key example of additional level specific search sets 

is shown through the various blade walls from level 10-16. Throughout these levels there were 

various defects involved with the design development of the concrete blade walls. To 

overcome the defects, a search set was created for the core, excluding the property details 

for these blade walls. From this, an additional search set was created for the blade walls with 

a corresponding programme task. 

Work Breakdown_Level 11 

Search Set_FRP_Core_11 

Search Set_FRP_Half Height Wall_11 

36

By isolating these items under separate search sets it not only allowed for the defects to be 

addressed in the blade walls, but it also ensured the blade walls were animated correctly. 

These items were originally included in FRP_Core_11, meaning that they were poured before 

a slab appeared. This was identified when the first Timeliner was produced. This was 

addressed and now all blade walls are programmed to be completed following the slabs. 

6.2.2.3 Structural Steel 

The original work breakdown made no allowance for structural steel inclusions. When this 

was added to the programme, a corresponding search sets was established. This was 

conducted for levels eight (8), seventeen (17) and eighteen (18). This separated all concrete 

and steel items within the structural model and was fundamental when producing the 

animation. An example of the applied search sets is shown below. 

37

6.2.3 Appearance Profiles 

The structural model was originally provided as a grey scale, providing little appear profiling 

for the model. As explained in class, colouring profiling for Structural models generally 

incorporates a grey themed appearance profiling. This allows little room for variation across 

the overall profiling for the model, however we endeavoured to produce a model that had 

varying scales of grey. 

The appearance profile applied to the structural model saw a breakdown as follows: 

Component 

Colour 

Concrete walls 

Slabs 

Concrete Columns 

Structural Steel 

By applying these four appearance profiles to the structural model it enhanced the visual 

appearance when simulating the model. The variance in the colours helps identify the various 

components that make up the structural discipline. 


The sequencing of the structural model forms a step by step process that becomes quite 

repetitive once the foundation is complete. Starting from level 8 the first stage is the 

construction of the lift and stair core, followed by the slabs, structural steel, blade walls and 

concrete columns. This process forms the basis of the model sequencing, which is then 

repeated on a level by level process. However, there are some changes applied to the final 

stages when finishing level 17 and 18, all of which will be explored below. 

Stage 1 - Form/Reo/Pour_Core_8 

38

Stage 2 - Pour_Stairs_8 

Stage 3 - Pour 1_Form/Reo/Pour Suspended Slab_8 

Stage 4- Pour 2_Form/Reo/Pour Suspended Slab_8 

39

Stage 5 - Pour 3_Form/Reo/Pour Suspended Slab_8 

Stage 6 - Pour 1_Form/Reo/Pour Suspended Slab_8 + MS Steel_Structural Steel 

Stage 7 - Pour 1_Vertical Elements (columns)_8 

40

Stage 8 - Pour 2_Vertical Elements (columns)_8 

This process was then repeated as the model progresses. However, there was a reduction in 

the amount of slab pours completed per level, with levels 9-16 only requiring two. Following 

the completion of level 16 there was slight changes in the sequencing to complete level 17 

and 18/Roof. 

Final Stages - Form/Re0/Pour_Core_17 

Final Stages - Pour 1_Form/Reo/Pour_Suspended Slab_17 

41

Final Stages - Pour 2_Form/Reo/Pour_Suspended Slab_17 

Final Stages - Vertical Steel_17 

Final Stages - Pour_Form/Reo/Pour Suspended Slab_18 

42

Final Stages - Form/Reo/Pour_Core_18 

Final Stages - MS Steel_18 

Final Stages - MS Steel_Roof 

43

Final Stages - Form/Reo/Pour_Slab_Roof 

6.3 Mechanical & Electrical 

6.3.1 Deficiencies in RCC Contract Programme 

Following an analysis of the RCC programme it became evident that there were a number of 

deficiencies relative to a lack of information. Consequently, the contract programme did not 

demonstrate a logical breakdown of the works. In order to provide an accurate programme 

and final simulation the original elements provided by RCC were broken down in detail and 

programme items were implemented. In the case of the electrical services the RCC 

programme allowed for cable tray installations and electrical equipment. An additional three 

categories were added including vertical cable trays, security devices and data devices. 

The mechanical programming was also fairly general and required additional category 

breakdowns. The RCC programme allowed for supply air, return air and mechanical ceiling 

fixtures. The additional categories that were created included exhaust air, vertical ducting and 

duct insulation. The lack of an exhaust air installation category was a major discrepancy in the 

programme as it constituted such a large proportion of the mechanical model consisting of 

toilet exhausts, kitchen exhausts, general exhausts and hazardous exhausts. 

Another discrepancy was the lack of phasing information connected to the mechanical and 

electrical components. As a result these large components could not be broken down in the 

simulation so as to show the gradual installation purpose. Instead bulk items such as the 

supply ductwork to the whole floor would appear. 

Furthermore, in completing this exercise the time allocations for the various elements were 

consolidated in order to show a logical progression of the installation works. Electrical 

equipment was installed first followed by the various ductwork types as shown in the below 

programme screenshot. The RCC programme did not break provide this logical sequencing. 

44


PRESCRIBED & ADDITIONAL SEARCH SETS: 

Security devices, data devices and 

exhaust air were added in order to 

further breakdown and logically format 

the simulation 

Level 9-17 are the same 

ADDITIONAL SEARCH SETS FOR ELEMENTS WITHOUT A DEFINED LEVEL 

Additional search sets were made in 

order to separate elements that 

travelled across numerous floors in the 

simulation. These consisted of exhaust 

air ducts, supply air ducts and horizontal 

cable trays 

45


APPLICATION OF DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC APPEARANCE PROFILES 

Install Electrical Equipment 

Install Security Devices 

Install Data Devices 

Install Cable Horizontal Trays 

Install Supply Air 

Install Return Air 

Install Exhaust Air 

Fit Off Mechanical Ceiling Fixtures 

Duct Insulation 

Shades of yellow were allocated to the electrical services and shades of orange with the 

exception of the blue for ducting insulation was used to represent the mechanical services. 

These were chosen in preparation for the federated model so as to minimise the possibility of 

colour clashes across disciplines. 


SEQUENCING OF WORK PACKAGES 

Level 8: Electrical equipment including data and 

security devices were installed first followed by 

the electrical cable trays. Once all the electrical 

equipment was all installed the supply air 

ductwork and return air ductwork was installed 

followed by the exhaust are and mechanical ceiling 

fixtures. 

46

Level 9: There was a distinct difference in the 

amount of ductwork between level 8 and 9. There 

was significantly less on level 9. 

Level 10: Levels 10 through to 16 follow the same 

installation process. Electrical equipment first 

followed by cable tray installation, supply 

ductwork, return ductwork, exhaust ductwork and 

mechanical ceiling fixtures. 

Level 17/Roof: The roof was an interesting level for 

the mechanical services. There was a lot of plant 

equipment located that had to be separated into 

individual search sets. An animation was created 

so as to have the vertical exhaust and supply air 

ducting however upon integrating the animation 

into the simulation and exporting the file the 

programme would constantly crash. For this 

reason these elements were time lined so as to 

appear at the end of the simulation along with the 

ducting insulation. 

47

Ductwork Insulation (all levels): Ductwork 

insulation was the final element that was 

programmed to appear in the simulation 

6.4 Hydraulic & Fire 

6.4.1 Deficiencies in the Construction Programme 

The original RCC Contract is simply split into five line items which on a very broad level 

encapsulate all of the works required to be carried out throughout each Level 8-17. 

Although there was a late programme update for the fire and hydraulic part of the model, 

RCC did well to link the activities to each other correctly and with the appropriate time 

allocations. The line items themselves lacked detail and on their own did not seem to 

highlight all the elements within each level. Further search sets need to be implemented 

to help increase the level of detail in the construction process and improve the logical flow 

of the simulation. 

48

The complications and discrepancies within the Hydraulic part of the program (Pressure 

Services, Horizontal Drainage and Vertical Drainage) which caused a number of items to 

run between certain levels when they shouldn’t have been made it difficult to separate the 

pipes during the simulation. So, after search sets were made, the dates of completion for 

some of these items were changed purely to suit the simulation, even though this process 

was not at all logical (see below). 


The amended programme was made to encompass all of the individual elements in the 

combined model but made sure to keep them in under their original line item task 

(coloured orange above) through the use of sub-tasks. The subtasks were grouped 

together under the original line item task and ensured that there was no substantial 

changes to the program and it was still effective and easy to follow. 

For instance, there were seven items which were included in the fire model. Individual 

search sets were made for each of these items for each level. In the programme, they were 

then included as a sub task under one of the two original line items- Install fire pipe_8 and 

Fit off Fire Services_8. This ensured that all fire items were picked up in the model and were 

able to be easily tracked in the programme and Navisworks file. 

49

The Hydraulic Pressure Services line item (third original task highlighted orange above) 

combined all of the items existent in the hydraulic pressure services model (pipes and pipe 

fittings as well as plumbing fixtures for level 17 only). Hence there was no need to add any 

additional subtasks for the pressure services. 

The drainage services had two original tasks- horizontal and vertical. The horizontal and 

vertical drainage pipes were separated by gradient- either equal to 0.00% gradient 

(horizontal) or not equal to 0.00%. The two other elements of the drainage model were 

given their own individual search set and were kept under the original Horizontal drainage 

task. 


Element of the Model 

Fire System 

Hydraulic Pressure System 

Hydraulic Drainage System 

Appearance Profile Colour 

The three modelling systems encompassed within the hydraulic and fire discipline have 

been divided into three colours (as depicted above). Simply approaching the colour 

scheme with only three colours made the model simulations very easy to follow and 

allowed the disciplines to be easily distinguished. Any more than three colours would 

have made the model too sophisticated and too colourful, making the elements within 

each system too difficult to separate from the rest of the model. 

50


Illustrations 

Descriptions 

The model simulation begins with the 

level 8 drainage system being laid in 

place. The level 8 steel fire pipes are then 

put in place shortly before the ceiling 

goes up. 

Once the ceiling has been installed, the fit 

off fire services for this level (sprinklers) 

are then installed. They are theoretically 

then connected to the water supply pipes 

but they are non-existent in the model. 

Level 9 then follows the same sequence 

as level 8 and is installed next (Installation 

of drainage Installation of fire pipe 

services Fit off fire services). In this 

level the steel galvanised pipes of the 

hydraulic pressure system become clear. 

51

As the simulation progresses, the same 

construction method applies to each 

level. 

Due to the discrepancy of the pipes in the 

pressure system, a scaling animation was 

used to gradually bring them into the 

model rather than having them sticking 

out of level 8 at the beginning of the 

simulation. These pipes can be seen 

coming into the model from the bottom 

of the screen. 

The simulation continues nicely, with the 

level 8 hydraulic pressure system 

elements gradually continuing to grow 

upwards through the building. 

By this stage, the scaling process of the 

level 8 hydraulic pressure services has just 

finished and the model is only about a 

month away from being complete. 

52

Day 249 of the program sees the level 8 

hydraulic vertical drainage pipes enter 

into the simulation. 

Although this does not fit chronologically 

into the program, the scaling animations 

were proving too difficult to perfect so it 

was decided that these elements should 

be brought into the program at this stage 

to prevent them being an eye sore 

throughout the simulation. 

The simulation finishes nicely with the 

hydraulic pressure fixtures coming into 

level 17. The model is completed with the 

fire piping to the roof of this level. 

53

DDC 2 JLA 4DConstructionPlanningReport

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