The Complete Book of Spaceflight: From Apollo 1 to Zero Gravity

ated a decade of solar X-ray imaging. It is the first
spacecraft to continuously observe the Sun in X-rays over
an entire sunspot cycle and carries the longest-operating
CCD (charge-coupled device) camera in space: the
instrument has captured over six million images. According
to the latest projections, Yohkoh will stay in orbit
until the next solar maximum, around 2010. In the coming
years, it will closely collaborate with RHESSI
(Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic
Imager), a NASA mission that will provide crucial calibration
data for its high-resolution hard X-ray images.
Yohkoh (“sunlight”) was known before launch as Solar-A.
See Solar-B.
Launch
Date: August 30, 1991
Vehicle: M-3S
Site: Kagoshima
Orbit: 516 × 754 km × 31.3°
Mass: 420 kg
Young, John Watts (1930–)
A veteran American astronaut who flew on Gemini 3
and 10, orbited the moon on Apollo 10, walked on the
moon on Apollo 16, and commanded two Space Shuttle
missions, STS-1 and STS-9. Born in San Francisco, Young
received a B.S. in aeronautical engineering from Georgia
Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center 493
John Young STS-1 crew members Commander John Young (left) and Pilot Robert Crippen
(right). NASA
Institute of Technology in 1952 before joining the Navy.
He served on a destroyer for a year, then took flight training
and was assigned to Fighter Squadron 103 for four
years, flying Cougars and Crusaders. After training at the
Navy Test Pilot School in 1959, he was assigned to the
Naval Air Test Center for three years, setting time-toclimb
records in a Phantom jet. He was later maintenance
officer of Phantom Fighter Squadron 103 and retired
from the Navy as a captain in 1976. Young was selected as
an astronaut in 1962 and flew with Gus Grissom on the
first manned Gemini mission, Gemini 3, in 1965, and
with Mike Collins on Gemini 10, in 1966. He was the
Command Module pilot on Apollo 10, in 1969, and
commander of Apollo 16, in 1972. Young’s fifth flight
was as commander of the first Space Shuttle mission,
STS-1, on April 12, 1981. He was back in space aboard
Columbia from November 28 to December 8, 1983, for
the STS-9 mission. In 1973, Young was named chief of
the Space Shuttle Branch of the Astronaut Office. The
following year, he was selected chief of the astronaut
office. He is currently the associate director (technical) at
Johnson Space Center and remains an active astronaut.
Yuri
See BS-(Broadcasting Satellite).
Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center
See Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.