Digital Urban Simulation : Documentation of the Teaching Results from the Autumn Semester 2015

Documentation of the teaching results from the fall semester 2015
Digital Urban Simulation
Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
Chair of
Information
iAArchitecture

Chair of Information Architecture
Digital Urban Simulation
Documentation of teaching results
Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
iA
Chair of Information Architecture
Teaching
Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
Syllabi
http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/category/teaching/hs2015-digital-urban-simulation/
Seminar
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation
Students
Published by
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ)
Department of Architecture
Chair of Information Architecture
Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT H 31.6
8093 Zurich
Switzerland
Zurich, January 2016
Layout & Editing
Brigitte M. Clements
Contact
reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch | http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/koenig/
Cover picture:
Front side: Alberto Oliver Mercado, Segment Analysis, Zurich

Course Description and Program
DIGITAL URBAN SIMULATION
Mondays 14:00 – 18:00
063-1357-15L | 4 ECTS*
Digital Urban Simulation
In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using
current computational methods. Based on these analyses the effects
of planning can be simulated and understood.
An important focus of this course is the interpretation of the analysis
and simulation results and the application of these corresponding
methods in early planning phases.
The students learn how the design and planning of cities can be
evidence based by using scientific methods. The teaching unit convey
knowledge in state-of-the-art and emerging spatial analysis and
simulation methods and equip students with skills in modern software
systems. The course consists of lectures, associated exercises,
workshops as well as of one integral project work.
Where
HIT H 31.4 (Video wall)
21.09.2015 Introduction to the course
Rhino/Grasshopper tutorial
28.09.2015 Space syntax I
E1 - Convex Map, Axial Map of a small area
05.10..2015 Space syntax II
E2 - Depthmap & GIS: Prepare data -> Import data –>
Analysis methods
12.10.2015 Empirical studies
E3 - Collect data (evaluate existing materials)
19.10.2015 Seminar week (No lecture)
26.10..2015 Microclimate analysis I
E4 - Ecotect Tutorial I. Analysis of a small urban area.
02.11.2015 Microclimate analysis II
E5 - Ecotect Tutorial I. Analysis of a small urban area.
09.11.2015 Best practice examples -
Guest lecture, consultation
16.11.2015 Workshop
E6 - Data Analysis (Matthias Standfest)
Supervision
Dr. Reinhard König
Estefania Tapias
reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch
tapias@arch.ethz.ch
23.11.2015 Final consultation
30.11.2015 Final iA critique
Combined critique with the other iA courses (14:00 - 18:00)
* Total 120 h = 4 ECTS
3 Exercises 25% (documentations)
Presentation 25% (project at the end)
Written documentation 50%
The most recent outline will be found on www.ia.arch.ethz.ch

Content
Atmosphere
Student: Alberto Oliver Mercado
Limmat Loop
Student: Alexandra Meuche
Analysis of a park’s design
Student: Alice Chevrier
Hochschulgebiet Zentrum
Student: Jonas Landolt & Stefan Caranovic
Bahnhof Stadelhofen
Student: Natalia Daukszewicz & Philippe Blarer
p.9
p.25
p.43
p.55
p.85

Zurich - Historic City & City Blocks
Student: Ricardo Joss
Optimisation of agriculture
in an urban environment
Student: Romain Masson
A school in Cambodia
Student: Stéphane de Weck
Olympic Legacy
Student: Thorben Westerhuys
Uster 2035
Student: Vincent Hischier
p.105
p.117
p.127
p.141
p.163

Atmosphere
Student: Alberto Oliver Mercado

Summary
Impressionist museum at Mythenquai
The main topic for this semester is ATMOSPHERE. Although generally in any project factors as transit
and sun light are basic, Final Examination the attempt to convey a particular feeling to a user, these become crucial.
Furthermore, the program Name: Alberto to Oliver develop is a MUSEUM, making the search for a correct atmosphere
even tougher. There Date: are 30.11.2015 4 different sites and 5 different collections; each team is assigned a single
combination that won’t be repeated. The ultimate goal is to generate the most adequate solution for
Summary
Motivation
each team’s specific site and collection.
The main topic for this semester is ATMOSPHERE. Although generally in any project factors as transit and sun
light are basic, in the attemp to convey a particular feeling to a user, these become crucial. Furthermore, the
program to develop is a MUSEUM, making the search for a correct atmosphere even tougher. There are 4
The generation of a good architectural solution in re
plishment; when combined with very particular need
ideas with other tools.
The following analysis different tries sites and to 5 prove different collections; the level each team of is understanding assigned a single combination of that the won’t project be repeated. and its surrounding area
The ultimate goal is to generate the most adecuate solution for each team’s specific site and collection.
achieved throughout the semester. Just as the semester, the analysis develops from a very wide
The following analysis tries to prove the level of understanding of the project and its surrounding area achieved
perspective into the throughout way of the moving semester. Just through as the semester, the analysis building, develops from and a very lastly, wide perspective the influence into the way of the openings in the
of moving through the building, and lastly, the influence of the openings in the rooms.
rooms.
t Mythenquai
Right now, the project is already set into an architectu
with this, the attempt is to check if the changes that t
to the concept being developed. During the resting w
to an optimal atmosphere in each room according t
being developed by each team. Currently, the window
correctly placed; with this analysis, it is expected to g
locate the windows could be.
Site
any project factors as transit and sun
ese become crucial. Furthermore, the
tmosphere
uai
even tougher. There are 4
combination that won’t be repeated.
m’s specific site and collection.
Motivation
IMAGE
The generation of a good architectural solution in regards with a particular topic is already a difficult accomplishment;
when combined with very particular needs to be fullfilled, it is always helpful to complement the
ideas with other tools.
Right now, the project is already set into an architectural floor plan that will not be modified anymore. In regards
with this, the attempt is to check if the changes that the floor plan underwent were an improvement according
to the concept being developed. During the resting weeks of the semester the goal is to reach the closest state
to an optimal atmosphere in each room according to what is required by the project itself and the concept
ject and its surrounding area achieved
m a very wide perspective into the way
in the rooms.
being developed by each team. Currently, the windows are the main and most difficult part of the spaces to be
2.
Motivation
Motivation
correctly placed; with this analysis, it is expected to get have a better understanding of what the best place to
New Methods locate in Urban the windows Analysis and Simulation could be. | Impressionist museum at Mythenquai
ion
d sun
The generation of a good of architectural a good solution architectural in regards with a solution particular topic in is regards already a difficult with accomplishment;
when combined with very particular needs to be fullfilled, it is always helpful to complement the
a particular topic is already a difficult
re, the
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when combined with very particular needs to be fullfilled, it is always helpful to complement the
to be fulfilled, it is always helpful to
eated.
complement the ideas with other tools.
ith other Right tools. now, the project is already set into an architectural floor plan that will not be modified anymore. In regards
with this, the attempt is to check if the changes that the floor plan underwent were an improvement according
hieved
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to the concept
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In
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s, the attempt is to check if the changes that the floor plan underwent were an improvement according
oncept being developed. During the resting weeks of the semester the goal is to reach the closest state
ptimal atmosphere in each room according to what is required by the project itself and the concept
eveloped by each team. Currently, the windows are the main and most difficult part of the spaces to be
ly placed; with this analysis, it is expected to get have a better understanding of what the best place to
he windows could be.
Right to an optimal now, atmosphere the project in each room is already according to set what into is required an architectural by the project itself floor and the plan concept that will not be modified anymore.
In being regards developed by with each team. this, Currently, the attempt the windows is are the to main check and most if difficult the changes part of the spaces that to be the floor plan underwent were an
correctly placed; with this analysis, it is expected to get have a better understanding of what the best place to
improvement locate the windows could according be. to the concept being developed. During the resting weeks of the semester the
goal is to reach the closest state to an optimal atmosphere in each room according to what is required
by
Site
the project itself and the concept being developed by each team. Currently, the windows are the
1.
main and most difficult part of the spaces to be correctly placed; with this analysis, it is expected to get
have a better understanding of what the best place to locate the windows could be.
1.
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2.
2.
ythenquai
1/8
10
2.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
2.
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

nquai
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
11

Segment Segment analysis: analysis: choice choice
The site is located right at in the intersection of what used to be the original entrance to the city. The choice
analysis conveys the importante that this place has even nowadays as the starting point of the main flow that
will later become the busiest street beside the lake. It is important to note that both streets delimiting the site
have a similar level of choice, however it is Mythenquai the one that in the end tends to have a higher choice;
The site is located right at in the intersection of what used to be the original entrance to the city. The
currently, the buildings’ main facades are facing this street.
choice analysis conveys the important that this place has even nowadays as the starting point of the
main flow that will later become the busiest street beside the lake. It is important to note that both
streets delimiting the site have a similar level of choice, however it is Mythenquai the one that in the end
tends to have a higher choice; currently, the buildings’ main facades are facing this street.
S
J
s
in
a
s
in
It
in
s
c
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Impressionist museum at Mythenquai
12
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Segment Segment analysis: analysis: integration integration
Just like in the choice analysis, the integration analysis shows that this exact intersection is a highly integrated
space in relation with the rest of the city centre. Probably because of the size of the analysed area, the highest
integrated streets are located North, right beside the Quaibrücke. It is possible that if the analysis contemplates
a larger space, these streets will become less relevant. It would be expected, however, that the Mythenquai
Just like in the choice analysis, the integration analysis shows that this exact intersection is a highly
street keeps its integration level due to its extention and location in the city, as well as the fact that it merges
integrated space in relation with the rest of the city centre. Probably because of the size of the analysed
into the General-Guisan-Quai street.
area, the highest integrated streets are located North, right beside the Quaibrücke. It is possible that if
It is important to note as well that the Belvoirpark is becoming isolated in between a set of high and medium
the analysis contemplates a larger space, these streets will become less relevant. It would be expected,
integrated streets. Currently our project seeks to generate a park-extension like area in the northest part of the
however, that the Mythenquai street keeps its integration level due to its extension and location in the
site, which might actually work due to the high integration, yet lower choice level of the Alfred-Escher strasse
compared
city, as
to
well
Mythenquai
as the fact
strasse.
that it merges into the General-Guisan-Quai street.
It is important to note as well that the Belvoirpark is becoming isolated in between a set of high and
medium integrated streets. Currently our project seeks to generate a park-extension like area in the
northeast part of the site, which might actually work due to the high integration, yet lower choice level
of the Alfred-Escher strasse compared to Mythenquai strasse.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
3/8
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In
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a
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b
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la
o
w
Insovists analysis
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Impressionist museum at Mythenquai
As mentioned before, at the left side of the site there is the Belvoirpark. Due to the fact that this is a
basic positive-negative plan, there are no trees interrupting the view, transmitting the idea of it being a
large open area. Still, even without trees being taken into account, it is again the intersection and mainly
the side on the Mythenquai the one that enables the highest amount of visual relations with the rest of
the area. If vegetation would be taken in consideration the Belvoirpark wold have a lower isovist level,
making the contrast between it and the project site even more evident.
Taking both the segment and the isovists analysis together, it is clear the importance of this space in
relation with its surrounding area. Any project to be executed in it should be carefully placed and will
require particular attention to the way it opens itself towards the intersection and the Mythenquai street.
Also, due to the openness of the site, vegetation plays a crucial role to create a barrier between the
street and the project, as well as to convey a clear way through the site itself.
14
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

However, as most of the areas in the city, the low sun during the winter casts a shadow
long enough to keep the area cold for a few hours. However, during the summer, Athe
buildings at the northern part of the area are tall enough to cover the site from the hottest
ummer
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Being at the end of a series of buildings and right beside a park would suggest that this is the ideal
place for developing a project.
However, as most of the areas in the city, the low sun during the winter casts a shadow long enough
to keep the area cold for a few hours. However, during the summer, all buildings at the northern part of
the area are tall enough to cover the site from the hottest sun hours.
In the end, the site is indeed ideal to place an architectural element with very comfortable temperature
and shadow situations during most of the year. Furthermore, the fact that it is an open space enables
the possibility to modify or add vegetation in order to make the place even more comfortable. Not only
for conceptual reasons, but also for shadow reasons, the best place to locate the building is closer to
the southernmost tip of the site, avoiding a constant shadow from the following building, but taking
advantage of the surrounding buildings’ shadows during the summer.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
15

In
In
C
Proposal 1
Proposal 1
Choice
Proposal 2
Choice
Choice
Ch. 50
Ch. 50
Ch. 54
Ch. 54
Ch. 130
Ch. 130
Ch. 24
Ch. 24
Ch. 50
Ch. 50
Ch. 0
Ch. Ch. 59
Ch. 59
Ch. 58
Ch. 58
Ch. 129
Ch. 129
Ch. 130
Ch. 130
Ch. 64
Ch. 64
Ch. 63 Ch. 74
Ch. 63 Ch. 74
Ch. 106
Ch. 106
Ch. 36
Ch. 36
Ch. 106
Ch. 106
Ch. 94
Ch. 94
Ch. 111
Ch. 111
Ch. 0 Ch. 0
Ch. Ch. Ch. 0
Ch. C
Ch. 0
Ch. Ch. 72
Ch. 72
Integration
Integration
Integration
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.59
Int. 0.59
Int. 0.78
Int. 0.78
Int. 0.60
Int. 0.60
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.57
In
In
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.59
Int. 0.59
Int. 0.61
Int. 0.61
Int. 0.75
Int. 0.75
Int. 0.78
Int. 0.78
Int. 0.78
Int. 0.78
Int. 0.63
Int. 0.63
Int. 0.67
Int. 0.67
Int. 0.72
Int. 0.72
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.75
Int. 0.75
In
In
Int. 0.65
Int. 0.65
Int. 0.70
Int. 0.70
Int. 0.52 Int. 0.45
Int. 0.52 Int. 0.45
Int. 0.57
Int. 0.57
In
In
Int. 0.49
Int. 0.49
Int. 0.92
Int. 0.92
Single way through the building, there is a high choice
Single towards way the through largest the gallery, building, which there is quite is a high convenient,
choice
towards but due the to largest the fact gallery, that it which is determined is quite convenient, as one of but the
due last spaces to the fact to be that experienced, it is determined the user as might one of already the last be
spaces fatigued to by be that experienced, moment.
the user might already be
fatigued by that moment.
Both the cho
area of the bu
is an uneven
user, making h
16
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Impressionist museum at Mythenquai
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Proposal 2
Proposal 2
Proposal 3
Choice
Choice
Ch.
Ch.
24
24
Ch.
Ch.
7
7
Ch.
Ch.
35
35
Ch.
Ch.
18
18
Ch.
Ch.
3
3
Ch.
Ch.
0
0
Ch.
Ch.
130
130
Ch.
Ch.
64
64
Ch.
Ch.
44
44
Ch.
Ch.
49
49
Ch.
Ch.
36
36
Ch.
Ch.
72
72
Ch.
Ch.
8
8
Ch.
Ch.
2
2
Ch.
Ch.
0
0
Ch.
Ch.
167
167
Ch.
Ch.
72
72
Ch.
Ch.
53
53
Ch.
Ch.
60
60
Ch.
Ch.
143
143
Ch.
Ch.
51
51
Ch.
Ch.
27
27
Ch.
Ch.
0
0
Integration
Integration
Int.
Int.
0.60
0.60
Int.
Int.
0.60
0.60
Int.
Int.
0.70
0.70
Int.
Int.
0.60
0.60
Int.
Int.
0.51
0.51
Int.
Int.
0.45
0.45
Int.
Int.
0.78
0.78
Int.
Int.
0.78
0.78
Int.
Int.
0.78
0.78
Int.
Int.
0.71
0.71
Int.
Int.
0.71
0.71
Int.
Int.
0.78
0.78
Int.
Int.
0.63
0.63
Int.
Int.
0.56
0.56
Int.
Int.
0.57
0.57
Int.
Int.
1.19
1.19
Int.
Int.
0.92
0.92
Int.
Int.
0.92
0.92
Int.
Int.
0.87
0.87
Int.
Int.
1.11
1.11
Int.
Int.
0.87
0.87
Int.
Int.
0.92
0.92
Int.
Int.
0.75
0.75
h choice
nient, but
f the last
lready be
Both Both
the choice
the choice
and integration
and integration
concentrate
concentrate
towards
towards
the front
area the
of the
front
building
area of
as
the
the
building
stairs are
as
directly
the stairs
in the
are
access.
directly
There
in
is an uneven distribution of attention which might misdirect the access. There an uneven distribution of attention the
user, making him miss the most important part of the which might misdirect the user, making him miss the exhibition. most
important part of the exhibition.
The addition
open more o
also to have
However, th
the galleries
transition sp
at the art..
ssionist museum at Mythenquai
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
17

Proposal 3
Proposal 3
Proposal 3
Choice
Choice
Ch. 18
Ch. 41
Ch. 75
Ch. 18
Ch. 23
Ch. 41
Ch. 75
Ch. 23
Ch. 166 Ch. 153
Ch. 166 Ch. 153
Ch. 0
Ch. 36
Ch. 72
Ch. 57
Ch. 0
Ch. 36
Ch. 72
Ch. 91
Ch. 118
Ch. 57
Ch. 57
Ch. 76
Ch. 91
Ch. 118
Ch. 57
Ch. 76
Ch. 53
Ch. 50
Ch. 53
Ch. 50
Ch. 51
Ch. 51
Ch. 46
Ch. 27 Ch. 49
Ch. 46
Ch. 27 Ch. 49
Ch. 5
Ch. 5
Ch. 5
Ch. 5
Ch. 51
Ch. 51
Ch. 0
Ch. 0
Integration
Integration
Int. 0.60
Int. 0.90
Int. 0.93
Int. 0.60
Int. 0.51
Int. 0.90
Int. 0.93
Int. 0.51
Int. 1.25 Int. 1.18
Int. 1.25 Int. 1.18
Int. 0.45
Int. 0.71
Int. 0.78
Int. 0.71
Int. 0.45
Int. 0.71
Int. 0.78
Int. 1.02
Int. 1.15
Int. 0.71
Int. 0.91
Int. 0.71
Int. 1.02
Int. 1.15
Int. 0.91
Int. 0.71
Int. 0.93
Int. 0.93
Int. 0.90
Int. 0.90
Int. 0.87
Int. 0.87
Int. 0.92
Int. 1.19
Int. 0.92
Int. 0.92
Int. 1.19
Int. 0.92
Int. 0.87
Int. 0.87
Int. 1.11
Int. 1.11
Int. 0.87
Int. 0.87
Int. 0.75
Int. 0.75
the front
s the front
ess. There
ess. There
sdirect the
sdirect the
xhibition.
xhibition.
The addition of second staircase is the result of trying to not only
The addition
open The more addition of a second
options of for a second staircase
the user staircase is the
to move is result
through the result of trying
the of building, trying to not to only
but
open
also to not more
have only options open better more for the
distribution options user to for move
of attention the through user to towards move the building, through but
the back.
also to
However, the have building, a better
there is still but distribution desire also to even have of attention
the a towards the back.
choice better number distribution between of
However, there is still a desire to even the choice number between
the galleries, attention as towards well as generate the back. the However, highest there choice is still number a desire in the
the galleries, as well as generate the highest choice number in the
transition to even spaces the choice in order number to give between sense of the privacy galleries, while as looking well
transition spaces in order to give a sense of privacy while looking
at the as art.. generate the highest choice number in the transition
at the spaces art.. in order to give a sense of privacy while looking at
the art..
6/8
6/8
18
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
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Final
Final
proposal
proposal
Choice
Choice
Final proposal
Ch. 35
Ch. 35
Ch. 29
Ch. 29
Ch. 41
Ch. 41
Ch. 48
Ch. 48
Ch. 105
Ch. 105
Ch. 81
Ch. 81
Ch. 88
Ch. 88
Ch. 152
Ch. 152
Ch. 69
Ch. 69
Ch. 0
Ch. 0
Ch. 107
Ch. 107
Ch. 126
Ch. 126
Ch. 167
Ch. 167
Ch. 0
Ch. 0
Ch. 128
Ch. 128
Ch. 113
Ch. 113
Ch. 85
Ch. 85
Ch. 82
Ch. 82
Ch. 60
Ch. 23 Ch. 60
Ch. 113
Ch. 23 Ch. 113
Ch. 6
Ch. 6
Ch. 5
Ch. 5
Ch. 41
Ch. 41
Ch. 0
Ch. 0
Integration
Integration
Int. 0.72
Int. 0.79
Int. 0.72
Int. 0.79
Int. 0.71
Int. 0.71
Int. 1.00
Int. 1.00
Int. 1.20
Int. 0.87
Int. 1.20
Int. 0.87
Int. 1.06
Int. 1.06
Int. 1.12
Int. 0.63
Int. 1.12
Int. 0.63
Ìnt. 0.96
Ìnt. 0.96
Int. 0.71
Int. 0.70 Int. 0.71
Int. 0.86
Int. 0.70 Int. 0.86
Int. 0.81
Int. 0.81
Int. 0.63
Int. 0.63
Int. 0.82
Int. 0.82
Int. 0.67
Int. 0.67
Int. 0.93
Int. 0.93
Int. 0.92
Int. 0.92
Int. 0.60
Int. 0.60
Int. 0.95
Int. 0.95
Int. 1.12
Int. 1.12
Int. 0.98
Int. 0.98
Int. 0.73
Int. 0.73
Convex
Convex a
Through
Through
almost
almost a
galleries,
galleries,
ment
ment
in
in t
is
is
able
able
to
to
one
one
in
in
th
th
The
The
only
only
into
into
sma
sma
ing.
ing.
Neve
Neve
tor
tor
is
is
loc
loc
The
The
solut
solut
lift.
lift.
Int. 0.55
Int. 0.55
New
New
Methods
Methods
in
in
Urban
Urban
Analysis
Analysis
and
and
Simulation
Simulation |
Impressionist
Impressionist
museum
museum
at
at
Mythenquai
Mythenquai
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
19

Ground Floor
First Floor
G r o u n d F l o o r
Mst.: 1 : 100
F i r s t F l o o r
Mst.: 1 : 100
Convex Convex Analysis analysis
Through this analysis we find out that the modifications made in the building are working
almost as desired for the project. The integration is almost evenly distributed between the
Through galleries, this analysis being these we find spaces out the that areas the modifications with the most made privacy in the and building concentrating are working the movement
for in the project. displacement The integration spaces. The is almost intention evenly of this distributed to generate between the the feeling galleries, that the being user these
almost as
desired
spaces is able the to areas look with at the the art most in peace, privacy but and that concentrating while moving the through movement the building, in the displacement he not the only spaces.
The one intention the of museum. this is to generate the feeling that the user is able to look at the art in peace, but that
while moving through the building, he is not the only one in the museum.
The only undesired result is the highest choice point. The subdivision of the right middle space
The only into smaller undesired spaces result helps is the generate highest choice a better point. balance The subdivision in regards with of the the right movement middle space of the into building.
helps Nevertheless, generate the a better analysis balance shows in that regards the best with area the to movement through of the it is building. where Nevertheless, eleva-
smaller
spaces
the analysis tor located shows right that now. the best This area suggests to move that through the stairs it is are where up the to an elevator extent is a located useless right element. now. This
suggests The solution, that the though, stairs are is quite up to simple: an extent switching a useless the location element. of The the secondary solution, though, staircase is quite with the simple:
switching lift. the location of the secondary staircase with the lift.
20
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
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iA Architecture
7/8

cording
rooms
ated as
ing the
is soft
anging.
f addist
from
n issue
of light
affectroom.
is also
artificial
set on
that is
at while
locate
ly light
rroundnatural
olution
South elevation
West elevation
North elevation
is ideal
t is still
ng into
Ground floor
Ground Floor
First floor
First Floor
ssionist museum at Mythenquai 8/8
Interior radiation analysis
Whilst it has already been established that the site is ideal for the placement of a building in a ‘villa style’,
it is still important to consider the amount of light coming into the spaces due to the proposed program.
In the ground floor all rooms are ideally lighted according to the function thought for each one of
them. The rooms at the southeast and northwestern tips are designated as living rooms. Although the
exhibition space facing the southern facade is highly illuminated, the radiation is soft on the side walls,
where the art is meant to be hanging. The largest exhibition space however will require of additional
artificial lighting in order to soften the contrast from the light coming from the windows.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
21

East elevation South elevation West e
Interior radiation analysis
Whilst it it has already been established that the site is ideal
for the placement of a building in a ‘villa style’, it it is still
importante to consider the amount of light coming into
the spaces due to the proposed program.
In the ground floor all rooms are ideally lighted according
West West elevation elevation
to the function thought for each one of them. The rooms
at the southeast and northwestern tips are designated as
living rooms. Although the exhibition space facing the
southern facade is highly iluminated, the radiation is soft
on the side walls, where the art is meant to be hanging.
The largest exhibition space however will require of addi-
Interior tional radiation artificial lighting analysis in order to soften the constrast from
the light coming from the windows.
North North elevation elevation
The first floor is quite adecuate as well. The main issue
raises in the large gallery, where the amount of light
The first floor is quite adequate as well. The main issue raises in the large gallery, where the amount
coming from both sides is too high and is basically affect-
of light coming from both sides is too high and is basically affecting the largest exhibition wall that is
ing the largest exhibition wall that is available in the room.
available Not only in the the room. light is Not not only evenly the distributed, light is not but evenly it it is also
distributed, but it is also forcing the room to require
a high forcing amount the room of artificial to requiere lighting a high and amount that this of artificial
one at the same time can be set on different levels
according lighting and to the that space this one of at the the room same that time is can supposed be set on
to be light.
diferent levels according to the space of the room that is
From supposed the rest to of be the light.
spaces it can be concluded that while doing opening for exhibition spaces it is
better to locate them in the centre of the room, as this will uniformly light the space while hitting with a
lower
From intensity
the rest the
of the surrounding
spaces it it can walls.
be concluded For the large
that while
gallery in the first floor, top natural light with and a
doing openning for exhibition spaces it it is better to locate
single window might be the best solution to light the space.
them in the center of the room, as this will uniformly light
the space while hitting with a lower intensity the surrounding
walls. For the large gallery in the first floor, top natural
light with and a single window might be the best solution
to light the space.
22
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Ground floor
Chair of
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New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
23

Limmat Loop
Student: Alexandra Meuche

connect these to the pedestrian network. This is achieved by restricting car traffic o
it to pass between Hauptbahnhof and Central and leading all other traffic through th
it to pass between Hauptbahnhof and Central and leading all other traffic through th
which is extended all the way to the police department. Furthermore the newly crea
which is extended all the way to the police department. Furthermore the newly crea
pedestrian network should be connected to the Limmat, which is great quality of
pedestrian network should be connected to the Limmat, which is a great quality of
are designed to lead the people down to the river onto decks, where they can expe
are designed to lead the people down to the river onto decks, where they can expe
Current Situation: Globus Provisorium
Current Situation: Globus Pro
Current Situation: Globus Pro
Current Situation: Hauptbahn
Current Situation: Hauptbahn
Current Situation: Hauptbahnhof
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation Limmat Loop
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Limmat Loop
Summary:
For this semester’s design studio, we’ve been working on a master plan to improve the situation by the
Bahnhofquai and integrate a new building, which shall replace the Globus Provisorium.
The area around the Hauptbahnhof has a few connected pedestrian areas. The idea of the design is to
create more pedestrian friendly areas in front of the Hauptbahnhof and by the Globus Provisorium and
to connect these to the pedestrian network. This is achieved by restricting car traffic over ground, only
allowing it to pass between Hauptbahnhof and Central and leading all other traffic through the existing
underpass, which is extended all the way to the police department. Furthermore the newly created
spaces and the pedestrian network should be connected to the Limmat, which is a great quality of the
city. The open spaces are designed to lead the people down to the river onto decks, where they can
experience the river.
26
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
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ium for the public brings additional value to the situation. The underpass and streets influence how
move and how much they really see. With help of convex, axial and isovist maps I want to show that
an situation can be improved significantly.
analyses I opened up the hall of the mainstation, as it is an area used frequently by pedestrians.
building proposal offers a similar public passage through the building, which is why that part
eft open too for the analysis.
at Loop:
edestrian network
Limmat Loop:
New pedestrian network
1/9
Motivation:
With the analysis of the current situation and the newly designed Limmat Loop I aim to figure out if the
new design improves the urban situation. The proposal aims to bring more life into the area by creating
more attractive pedestrian areas. Less car traffic and more direct access to the Limmat are the main
factors.
The analysis methods I used help show how opening up the Bahnhofquai and the around the Globus
Provisorium for the public brings additional value to the situation. The underpass and streets influence
how people move and how much they really see. With help of convex, axial and isovist maps I want to
show that the urban situation can be improved significantly.
For the analyses I opened up the hall of the main station, as it is an area used frequently by pedestrians.
The new building proposal offers a similar public passage through the building, which is why that part
will be left open too for the analysis.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
27

Current Situation: Convex Map - Integration
Current Situation:
Convex Map - Integration
Both maps show the Bahnhofbrücke and the Bahnhofplatz as most integrated convex
spaces. No matter where one wants to go, it all passes through these two areas. This
is
Both
also
maps
the case
show
in
the
reality.
Bahnhofbrücke
The River and
and
the
the
underpass
Bahnhofplatz
are excluded
as most integrated
from the analysis,
convex spaces. No ma
as
The
these
River
areas
and the
cannot
underpass
be reached
are excluded
as pedestrian.
from the analysis, as these areas cannot be reached as pe
Looking at the map of the current situation, the underpass has a high impact on the integration of the
Looking
integrated,
at the
but
map
the further
of the
away
current
the
situation,
areas get,
the
the
underpass
less integrated
has a
they
high
are.
impact on the
integration
The new proposal
of the areas
shows
by
improvements
the Globus Provisorium
in this area.
and
Bigger
the
areas
Hauptbahnhof.
are better
The
connected
areas
than before, a
close
The areas
to the
to
red
the
spaces
north and
are
the
well
south
integrated,
of where
but
the
the
underpass
further away
was
the
are
areas
more
get,
connected
the less
than when the
integrated
the underpass
they
and
are.
the traffic bring additional value and helps connect these areas to the Limmat.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Limmat Loop
28
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

New Proposal: Convex Map - Integration
New Proposal:
Convex Map - Integration
The new proposal shows improvements in this area. Bigger areas are better connected
than before, and the integration is better over the distance as well. This can be seen well
matter where one
along
wants
the Bahnhofquai:
to go, it all passes
The areas
through
to the
these
north
two
and
areas.
the
This
south
is also
of where
the case
the underpass
in reality.
pedestrian.
was are more connected than when the underpass is still there.
he areas by the Globus Provisorium and the Hauptbahnhof. The areas close to the red spaces are well
This suggests, that creating pedestrian areas in these two areas by removing the
, and the integration
underpass
is better
and
over
the traffic
the distance
bring additional
as well. This
value
can
and
be
helps
seen
connect
well along
these
the Bahnhofquai:
areas to the
he underpass
Limmat.
is still there. This suggests, that creating pedestrian areas in these two areas by removing
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
2/9
29

Current Situation: Convex Map - Choice
Current Situation:
Convex Map - Choice
Just like in the Integration map, the Bahnhofbrücke and the Bahnhofplatz are the most
chosen areas. This is the case, as these spaces are most integrated. It is true that these
are
Just
the
like
most
in the
chosen
Integration
spaces,
map,
as
the
all commuters
Bahnhofbrücke
pass
and
these
the
areas.
Bahnhofplatz are the most chosen areas.
spaces, as all commuters pass these areas.
According
According to
to
the
the
analysis
analysis
of the
of the
current
current
situation,
situation,
the Bahnhofstrasse
the Bahnhofstrasse
and the
and
Waisenhausstrasse
the
are
Waisenhausstrasse
Waisenhausstrasse
are
does
more
not
chosen
get chosen
than
nearly
other
as
streets
much
in
as
the
the
area.
Bahnhofstrasse.
This is true for
In
the
reality, the traffic p
Bahnhofstrasse,
Removing the underpass
however
seems
the Waisenhausstrasse
to connect the Hauptbahnhof
does not get chosen
more to
nearly
the outdoor
as much
space, but decrea
as
choice
the Bahnhofstrasse.
potential will not
In
decrease
reality, the
in
traffic
these
potential
areas, but
in the
rather
hall
stay
of the
the
main
same
station
or increase.
should
In general howe
be
intervention.
much higher.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Limmat Loop
30
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
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iA Architecture

Current Situation: Convex Map - Choice
New Proposal:
Convex Map - Choice
Removing the underpass seems to connect the Hauptbahnhof more to the outdoor
space, but decreases the traffic potential by the Beatenplatz and the Bahnhofstrasse. I
s. This is the case,
believe
as
the
these
decrease
spaces
of
are
the
most
choice
integrated.
potential
It
will
is true
not decrease
that these
in
are
these
the
areas,
most chosen
but rather
stay the same or increase. In general however, the areas of the new pedestrian zones
re more chosen
get
than
a higher
other
traffic
streets
potential,
in the area.
which
This
is the
is true
goal
for
of
the
the
Bahnhofstrasse,
intervention.
however the
potential in the hall of the main station should be much higher.
reases the traffic potential by the Beatenplatz and the Bahnhofstrasse. I believe the decrease of the
wever, the areas of the new pedestrian zones get a higher traffic potential, which is the goal of the
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
3/9
31

Current Situation: Axial Map - Integration
Current Situation:
Axial Map - Integration
The map of the current situation shows that the most integrated axes are between the
Central and the Bahnhofplatz and run along the Bahnhofquai. However, none of these
paths
The map
allow
of
the
the
people
current
to
situation
get to
shows
the Limmat.
that the
The
most
paths
integrated
are purely
axes
functional,
are between
evading
the Central and the
obstacles,
to the Limmat.
in this
The
case
paths
the underpass.
are purely functional,
Standing in
evading
this area,
obstacles,
this is also
in this
the case.
case the
People
underpass. Standin
walk
integrated
between
axes,
Central
never
and
really
the
approaching
Hauptbahnhof
the River.
along the most integrated axes, never
really
The new
approaching
proposal
the
shows
River.
a much closer relationship to the Limmat. People will be able to move along
axis between Central and the Bahnhofsplatz. Presumably people will continue using the old paths whe
the Limmat back to the city and are well integrated into the pedestrian network.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Limmat Loop
32
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
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Current Situation: Axial Map - Integration
New Proposal:
Axial Map - Integration
The new proposal shows a much closer relationship to the Limmat. People will be able
to move along the river. Additionally, the axis along the Bahnhofquai gets much stronger
the Bahnhofplatz
integrated,
and run
compared
along the Bahnhofquai.
to the axis between
However,
Central
none
and
of these
the Bahnhofplatz.
paths allow the
Presumably
people to get
ding in this area,
people
this is
will
also
continue
the case.
using
People
the old
walk
paths
between
when
Central
commuting,
and the
but
Hauptbahnhof
more people in
along
general
the most
might use the two new spaces, as they bring the quality of the Limmat back to the city
ng the river. Additionally,
and are well
the
integrated
axis along
into
the
the
Bahnhofquai
pedestrian
gets
network.
much stronger integrated, compared to the
hen commuting, but more people in general might use the two new spaces, as they bring the quality of
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
4/9
33

Current Situation: Axial Map - Choice
Current Situation:
Axial Map - Choice
The choice map for the current situation illustrates, that the axes with highest traffic
potential are between Central and Bahnhofplatz, along the Bahnhofquai and between
Werdmühleplatz
The choice map
and
for the
Beatenplatz.
current situation
Examining
illustrates,
the situation
that the
in reality,
axes with
the axes
highest
with
traffic
highest
potential are betw
traffic
platz.
potential
Examining
are
the
between
situation
Central
in reality,
and
the
Bahnhofplatz
axes with highest
and along
traffic
Bahnhofstrasse.
potential are between
The
Central and
axes
if one
by
visits
the
the
Beatenplatz
cinema. This
are
result
actually
probably
barely
appeared,
used, only
because
if one visits
most
the
lines
cinema.
intersections
This
appear in tha
result
The new
probably
proposal
appeared,
suggests,
because
that the
most
Bahnhofquai
lines intersections
will get used
appear
much
in that
more
area.
than the axis between Ce
value of the axis between Central and Bahnhofplatz will really reduce. If opening up the spaces by the
recommends creating attractive pedestrian areas. This is the idea of the urban proposal. Looking at th
potential, as there are many axes in this area. However, if the pedestrian area by the Globus Provisoriu
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Limmat Loop
34
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Current Situation: Axial Map - Choice
New Proposal:
Axial Map - Choice
The new proposal suggests, that the Bahnhofquai will get used much more than
the axis between Central and the Bahnhofplatz. Considering the walkways of the
tween Central
commuters,
and Bahnhofplatz,
I’m not
along
sure
the
that
Bahnhofquai
the choice
and
value
between
of the
Werdmühleplatz
axis between
and
Central
Beatend
Bahnhofplatz
and
Bahnhofplatz
and along Bahnhofstrasse.
will really reduce.
The
If
axes
opening
by the
up
Beatenplatz
the spaces
are
by
actually
the Hauptbahnhof
barely used,
and
only
hat area.
the Globusprovisorium leads to a higher choice value, the map actually recommends
entral and the
creating
Bahnhofplatz.
attractive
Considering
pedestrian
the
areas.
walkways
This is
of
the
the
idea
commuters,
of the urban
I’m
proposal.
not sure that
Looking
the choice
at
he Hauptbahnhof
the
and
axis
the
between
Globusprovisorium
Werdmühleplatz
leads
and
to
Beatenplatz,
a higher choice
I believe
value,
it
the
again
map
shows
actually
itself with
the axis between
a high
Werdmühleplatz
traffic potential,
and
as
Beatenplatz,
there are many
I believe
axes in
it again
this area.
shows
However,
itself with
if the
a high
pedestrian
traffic
rium is attractive,
area
people
by the Globus
might start
Provisorium
using the
is
path
attractive,
towards
people
the Werdmühleplatz
might start using
more
the path
than
towards
today.
the Werdmühleplatz more than today.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
5/9
35

Current Situation: Isovist Map - Isovist Area
Current Situation:
Isovist Map - Isovist Area
The isovist area map of the current situation shows that the areas with the largest
isovists are located to the south of the Hauptbahnhof, by the Bahnhofplatz and just
below
The isovist
the exit
area
of
map
the main
of the
station
current
towards
situation
the
shows
Bahnhofquai.
that the
This
areas
makes
with
sense,
the largest
as these
isovists are located
two
towards
areas
the
are
Bahnhofquai.
located by the
This
intersections
makes sense,
of larger
as these
roads
two
and
areas
squares.
are located by the intersections of la
over the overall situation in these areas. It is also advantage for traffic and pedestrians, as a lot of diffe
Comparing
roads.
this with experience it is the case that one has the best overview over the
overall
Removing
situation
the underpasses
in these areas.
from
It is
the
also
area
advantage
creates a
for
totally
traffic
new
and
situation
pedestrians,
concerning
as a lot
isovists. The who
of
area
different
with large
means
isovists.
of transport
Considering
cross
the
these
new
areas,
open
and
areas
the
should
overview
help
over
connect
the
the
traffic
city
is
to the Limmat a
needed
new spaces
to cross
and
the
on to
roads.
the river.
The results are somewhat biased, as the river and underpass are not included in the analysis, and one
at from a walking or openness perspective, not a view perspective.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Limmat Loop
36
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Current Situation: Isovist Map - Isovist Area
New Proposal:
Isovist Map - Isovist Area
Removing the underpasses from the area creates a totally new situation concerning
isovists. The whole area from the Landesmuseum along the Bahnhofquai to the Globus
d to the south
Provisorium
of the Hauptbahnhof,
becomes one
by the
big
Bahnhofplatz
area with large
and
isovists.
just below
Considering
the exit
the
of the
new
main
open
station
areas
larger roads and
should
squares.
help connect
Comparing
the
this
city
with
to the
experience
Limmat
it
and
is the
create
case
a
that
new
one
attractive
has the best
pedestrian
overview
fferent means
areas,
of transport
this is
cross
a welcome
these
characteristic.
areas, and the
It
overview
allows a
over
view
the
over
traffic
the new
is needed
spaces
to
and
cross
on
the
to
the river.
hole area from the Landesmuseum along the Bahnhofquai to the Globus Provisorium becomes one big
t and create a
The
new
results
attractive
are
pedestrian
somewhat
areas,
biased,
this
as
is
the
a welcome
river and
characteristic.
underpass are
It
not
allows
included
a view
in
over
the
the
analysis, and one is actually able to see over the river and over the underpass. The
ne is actually able
Isovist
to
analysis
see over
should
the river
be
and
looked
over
at
the
from
underpass.
a walking
The
or openness
Isovist analysis
perspective,
should
not
be
a
looked
view
perspective.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
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37

Current Situation: Isovist Map - Min Radial
Current Situation:
Isovist Map - Min Radial
The Isovist Min Radial map shows the areas with most movement potential. This is the
case for the largest areas.
The Isovist Min Radial map shows the areas with most movement potential. This is the case for the lar
From
From experience
experience
I
I
would
would
agree
agree
that
that
the
the
area
area
by the
by the
Bahnhofquai
Bahnhofquai
and around
and around
the Hauptbahnhof
the
has h
Hauptbahnhof
isn’t as active as
has
the
high
analysis
movement
shows.
potential
It is a busy
for
traffic
commuter
area and
transit.
is barely
However
used
I
by
believe
pedestrians.
space
For my
by
design,
the Globus
the area
Provisorium
to the south
isn’t
the
as active
Globus
as
Provisorium
the analysis
seems
shows.
to
It
act
is a
as
busy
movement
traffic
area. With th
area
opened
and
up
is barely
area in
used
front
by
of
pedestrians.
the Hauptbahnhof also shows a very high movement potential. Not only co
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Limmat Loop
38
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Current Situation: Isovist Map - Min Radial
New Proposal:
Isovist Map - Min Radial
For my design, the area to the south the Globus Provisorium seems to act as movement
area. With the right programming for the area, this space has potential to become a
largest areas.
vivid pedestrian area. The opened up area in front of the Hauptbahnhof also shows a
high movement
very
potential
high movement
for commuter
potential.
transit.
Not
However
only commuters,
I believe space
but also
by the
people
Globus
passing
Provisorium
by for
leisure can use this space.
the right programming for the area, this space has potential to become a vivid pedestrian area. The
commuters, but also people passing by for leisure can use this space.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
7/9
39

Current
New Pr
New Pr
Summer 0900 Summer 1800 Winter 1100 Winter 1500 Radiati
Summer 0900 Summer 1800 Winter 1100 Winter 1500
New Pr
For the shadow and radiation analysis of the site I worked with the buildings just next to the
Globus Provisorium and around the two new pedestrian zones. I looked at the situation for the
current building as well as three variations of the new Globus Provisorium. I did measurements for
New summer Methods and in for Urban winter Analysis solstice and in Simulation the morning | Limmat and evening. Loop
40
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

General For Comments:
the shadow and radiation analysis of the site i worked with th
just next to the Globusprovisorium and around the two new pede
During summer I looked at solstice the situation all open for the spaces current get building sun pretty as well much
as three va
throughout of the the new whole Globus day. More Provisorium. dense building I did measurements structures, like for the
summer
Niederdorf, winter have solstice more shadow in the morning than the and open evening. spaces, as less light
reaches the ground due to the narrow streets.
Current Situation
Situation
New Proposal - Building - Building 1
1
New Proposal - Building - Building 2
2
New Proposal - Building 3
New Proposal - Building 3
Radiation
RADIATION
During lunch General time Comments: every part of the city gets sun at some point.
One might have to think about adding some outside structures
that provide During shade summer in the solstice open all areas, open especially spaces get considering sun pretty the
much thro
hot summer the whole we had day. this More year. dense This might building be structures, some roof structures
like the Niederdor
or groups more of trees, shadow so pedestrians than the open can spaces, sit or walk as less in the light shade.
reaches the gro
to the narrow streets.
Zurich is During located lunch so far time north every that part we have of the shade city gets from sun the at buildings
some point. O
even during have lunch to think time about at the adding winter some solstice. outside If structures the sun shows
that provide
during that the time, open one areas, might especially only find considering a bit of sun in the the hot open summer spaces
we had th
during the This midday might be hours. some For roof this structures one would or groups have to of search trees, the
so pedest
areas around sit or walk the Limmat, in the shade. as these are the most open spaces and
the chance of catching a glimpse of sun and not shade is highest
here. Densely Zurich built is located areas however, so far north like that the we Niederdorf, have shade have from shade
the buildin
the whole during day through.
lunch time at the winter solstice. If the sun shows during th
one might only find a bit of sun in the open spaces during the mid
Comments For on this the one open would spaces have and to search building the designs:
areas around the Limmat,
the most open spaces and the chance of catching a glimpse of s
Looking shade at my design, is highest it is here. nice Densely to see that built the areas open however, space located
like the Niede
to the south shade of the the whole Globus day Provisorium through. has sun all day long during
summer solstice.
I might have Comments to consider the planning open spaces a group and of building trees or designs: some other
shade-giving structure in that area, to make sure the pedestrians
are comfortable Looking even at my during design, long it is summer nice to see days.
that the open space locate
south of the Globus Provisorium has sun all day long during sum
Additionally I might the have space to to consider the south planning of my a design group project of trees also or some has
other
sun during structure the lunch in that hours area, to during make winter sure the solstice. pedestrians Depending
are comforta
on weather during and long temperature summer days. the space could therefore be used
during the Additionally winter time. the Light space can to get the south into the of building, my design as project the area
also has
to the south the lunch of the hours building during is winter free, which solstice. helps Depending make sure on weather an
building the doesn’t space stay could dark therefore inside the be whole used during day through.
the winter time. Light c
the building, as the area to the south of the building is free, which
Building sure 1 is the very building similar doesn’t to the stay original dark building, inside the showing whole day only
through.
little shadow on the neighbouring building and casting only
small shadow Building during 1 is very the similar day. Building to the original 2 and building, 3 move showing closer to
only little
the neighbouring on the neighboring building, casting building a and greater casting shadow only small on the shadow other
during
building Building and the 2 walkway. and 3 move Therefore closer staying to the neighboring close to the building, original
casting
design will shadow help bring on the more other light building into the and area.
the walkway. Therefore staying
the original design will help bring more light into the area.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
41

Analysis of a park’s design
Student: Alice Chevrier

Introduction:
Parks are very important social and environmental elements of a city. They provide inhabitants with,
among others, places to relax, do sport and get social contact. With their vegetation, parks improve the
microclimate and constitute a living space for the fauna and flora.
This is the reason why a park should be designed carefully, to enhance its benefic aspects. Its design
needs to be attractive for the inhabitants, as there is no way to force the population to use these areas.
This analysis aims to see how the tools we got presented in class can positively impact the design of a
park. The environmental aspects will not be furthermore considered.
As a basis the newly created “Pfingsweid Park” in Zürich is used. First the site position will be qualitatively
analysed, in order to raise the qualities and/or default of the emplacement. Then, different version of the
park will be compared with the application of analysis methods learned in class – a shadow analysis as
well as an integration analysis.
Sources
The 3D maps are created with OSM2World from an OSM file of open street map. The line plan used
with Depthmap comes from the same OSM file (open street map), and is then modified with the plug-in
Elk on grasshopper in order to get the streets or the buildings only, depending on the analysis.
The followings analyses are part of this report:
1. Integration / Connectivity / Choice analysis site
2. Isovists Analysis
3. Shadow Analysis
4. Connectivity and Choice Analysis in Park
5. Conclusion
Most of the times parks can only be place where there is already an empty space, they have to
accommodate to their location. The integration analysis with Depthmap aims to give useful information
about the site situation to planers.
Before doing the analysis with Depthmap I had to correct the map of the area. Indeed this map was done
with open street map data, which happened sometimes to have more than one line for representing a
street.
The area taken into consideration is approximately within 20-30 min walking distance from the park.
From my point of view, the people living within this diameter represent the target audience. The south
side is bordered by railways, which limit the access to the park.
44
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

2
Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
The park is well integrated in the area as we can see on figure 1.1. This is expected as the area was
The park is well integrated in the area as we can see on figure 1.1. This is expected as the area
taken to have the park as middle point (20-30 min to foot).
taken to have the park as middle point (20-­‐30 min to foot).
From the connectivity analysis From the it connectivity can be seen analysis that the it can streets be seen surrounding that the streets the park surrounding are between the park dark are betwee
blue and The light park green. is well blue integrated and light in the green. area as we can see on figure 1.1. This is expected as the area was
taken to have the These park low as middle values point have (20-­‐30 to be carefully min to foot). interpreted. The figure 1.2 shows that most of the street
These low values have to area be have carefully low value interpreted. for connectivity, The figure except 1.2 the shows Hardbrücke that most and of some the crossroads. streets in this The averag
area have From low the value connectivity for connectivity, of 2.4 compared analysis except it to can the be the high seen Hardbrücke value that the of 8 streets corresponding and surrounding some crossroads. to the the red park color The are shows average between the values dark color range is
of 2.4 compared blue and light to the green. twisted
high value
through
of
the
8 corresponding
high connectivity
to
of
the
the
red
the Hardbrücke
colour shows
(figure
the
1.4).
colour
In the
range
area’s
is
totality t
somehow These twisted low values are
through have not
the to too
high be bad. carefully
connectivity interpreted. of the The Hardbrücke figure 1.2 (figure shows 1.4). that most In the of area’s the streets totality in this the
The same reflection on the color range applies to the choice analysis. Aside from the Hardbrüc
values are
area
not
have
too
low
bad.
value for connectivity, except the Hardbrücke and some crossroads. The average values
of 2.4 compared vertical to the high component) value of 8 and corresponding some horizontal to the streets red color with shows lighter the blue color color, range all is of somehow the streets are s
twisted through very the high low connectivity values. The proximity of the the of Hardbrücke the railways (figure also should 1.4). In not the be area’s forgotten totality and the plays values a negativ
The same
are
reflection
not too bad.
on
these colour analyses, range as it applies blocks to any the pedestrian choice analysis. connection Aside on this from one the side. Hardbrücke (the
vertical component) The same reflection and some on the horizontal color range streets applies with to the lighter choice blue analysis. colour, Aside all of from the the streets Hardbrücke are showing (the
very low vertical values. component) The proximity Living and in of some the the area horizontal railways I think also those streets should low with values not lighter be do blue match forgotten color, the reality. and all of plays the The streets a park negative are is situated showing role behind an
these analyses, very low as values. it blocks apartment The proximity any pedestrian building of the in railways connection an industrial also should on area, this and not one even be side. forgotten if it is close and to plays the Hardbrücke a negative role train-­‐station
these analyses, as on it the blocks way, any which pedestrian probably connection is the reason this why one lots side. of people pass by.
Living in the area I think those low values do match the reality. The park is situated behind an apartment
building in Living an industrial the area area, I think and those even low if values it is close do match to the the Hardbrücke reality. The train-station park is situated is behind not on an the way,
apartment building in an industrial area, and even if it is close to the Hardbrücke train-­‐station it is not
which probably is the reason why lots of people pass by
on the way, which probably is the reason why lots of people pass by.
1000m
Figure 1.1: Integration
Figure 1.1: Integration
1000m
figure 1.1: Integration
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
45

Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
1000m
Figure 1.2: Connectivity
figure 1.2: Connectivity
1000m
Figure 1.2: Connectivity
1000m
1000m
Figure 1.3: Choice
figure 1.3: Choice 1000m
Minimum Average Maximum
Integration 0.0863966 0.189797 0.303238
1000m
Figure Connectivity 1.3: Choice
Choice 1 0 2.43063 50354.6 8
816741
Figure 1.4: Analysis’ values
1000m Minimum Average Maximum
Integration 0.0863966 0.189797 0.303238
Connectivity 1 2.43063 8
Choice 2. Isovists Analysis 0
50354.6 816741
Figure 1.4: Analysis’ values
figure 1.4: Analysis’ Values
In this part the 1000m
site’s isovists will be analyzed with Depthmap. The color range was set equals
throughout the different variants in order to allow a true comparison.
Besides the park, a school at the upper end of the park is being planned. This is why the influence of
2. Isovists 2. different Isovists Analysis
shapes Analysis of the
school building on the park will also be commented (fig. 2.0).
The first school building version has one building. The second is made out of two buildings. Finally the
In this In this part third part the site’s the version site’s is
isovists isovists made out
will will of
be analysed be three analyzed buildings.
with with Depthmap. It is interesting
The The colour color to note, that
range was the
was first set set equals variant’s
equals
building is
throughout
throughout lower the than different the other variants ones.
in order to allow a true comparison.
the different variants in order to allow a true comparison. Besides the park, a school at the upper end
Besides the park, a school at the upper end of the park is being planned. This is why the influence of
of the park is being planned. This is why the influence of different shapes of the school building on the
different shapes of the school building on the park will also be commented (fig. 2.0).
park The will first also school be commented building version (fig. has 2.0). one building. The second is made out of two buildings. Finally the
third version is made out of three buildings. It is interesting to note, that the first variant’s building is
The lower first school than the building other ones. version has one building. The second is made out of two buildings. Finally the
third version is made out of three buildings. It is interesting to note, that the first variant’s building is
lower than the other ones.
46
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture
3

Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
figure Figure 2.0: 2.0: school school variants variants
Good values for the isovists area and perimeter are benefic. The occlusivity should stay reasonable.
This means Good that values the for park the isovists constructed area and in perimeter a pleasant are environment benefic. The occlusivity where people should can stay locate reasonable. themselves This
and do means feel safe. that Figure the park 2.0: is school constructed variants in a pleasant environment where people can locate themselves and
do feel safe.
As we can see on the figures 2.1 (isovists area) the variant 3 has a larger red area. This is due to the
fact that
As
the
we
school
can Good see on
building
values the figures for
is
the
placed
2.1 (isovists
a bit
area
lower
area) and the perimeter
than
variant
for
the
are 3 has benefic.
other
a larger
variants.
The red occlusivity area.
On
This
the
should is
upper
due stay to
part
the reasonable. fact
of
the
This
that the school means building that the is park placed is constructed a bit lower than in a pleasant for the other environment variants. where people can locate themselves and
park the values are very good. The streets in the area are very large and offer a good overview of the
On the upper do feel part safe. of the park the values are very good. The streets in the area are very large and offer a
surroundings. good overview of the surroundings.
On the right As side we can of the see park, on the the figures colors 2.1 tend (isovists to get colder, area) the meaning variant that 3 has smaller a larger surfaces red area. can This be seen is due to the fact
On the from right those side that points. of the school The park, streets building the are colours not is placed as tend wide a bit anymore to lower get colder, than as the for edifices meaning the other on variants. the that right smaller
are a group surfaces of can be
seen from residential those On points. buildings. the upper The part streets of the are park not the as values wide anymore are very good. as the The edifices streets in on the the area right are are very a large group and of offer a
residential At the buildings. lower good peak overview of the park of the high surroundings. value are to be found. This is due to the railways and doesn’t really
match with On a feeling the right of side safety, of the but park, gives the a view colors on tend the horizon, to get colder, which meaning is not so that common smaller in a surfaces city and can be seen
give a feeling from of those freedom. points. The streets are not as wide anymore as the edifices on the right are a group of
At the lower peak
residential
of the park
buildings.
high value
are to be found. This is due to the railways and doesn’t really
match with a feeling At the of lower safety, peak but of the gives park a high view value on the are horizon, to be found. which This is is due not to so the common railways in and a doesn’t city and really
can give a feeling match of freedom with a feeling of safety, but gives a view on the horizon, which is not so common in a city and can
give a feeling of freedom.
Figure 2.1: isovists area – variants 1, 2 and 3
The occlusivity (figure 2.2) measures the length of hidden edges and is an important factor for the
safety feeling.
The side of Figure the school 2.1: isovists looking area at the – variants park has 1, low 2 and value 3 of occlusivity. The schoolyard will probably be
placed there figure as 2.1: a isovists low occlusivity area - variants is 1,2 a and sign 3
for a feeling of safety since not much hidden edges can be
seen. For a The school, occlusivity having (figure a high feeling 2.2) measures of safety the is very length important. of hidden edges and is an important factor for the
The occlusivity (figure safety 2.2) feeling. measures the length of hidden edges and is an important factor for the safety
feeling. The side of the school looking at the park has low value of occlusivity. The schoolyard will probably be
placed there as a low occlusivity is a sign for a feeling of safety since not much hidden edges can be
The side of the school seen. For looking a school, at having the park a high has feeling low value of safety of occlusivity. is very important. The schoolyard will probably be
placed there as a low occlusivity is a sign for a feeling of safety since not much hidden edges can be
seen. For a school, having a high feeling of safety is very important.
4
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
47

Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
figure Figure 2.2: 2.2: isovists isovists occlusivity occlusivity - variants 1, – 2 variants and 3 1, 2 and 3
The isovists perimeter analysis is very similar to the area analysis, with however lower values
The isovists perimeter analysis is very similar to the area analysis, with however lower values.
Figure 2.2: isovists occlusivity – variants 1, 2 and 3
The isovists perimeter analysis is very similar to the area analysis, with however lower values.
Figure 2.3: isovists perimeter – variants 1, 2 and 3
It can be outlined that the value for area and perimeter are in reality better. The park is here modeled
figure Figure 2.3: 2.3: isovists isovists perimeter perimeter - variants 1,2 – variants and 3 1, 2 and 3
as a building, in reality however it is reasonably possible to see through. For the occlusivity the value
will also rise. However as the trees are creating more hidden edges than a wall, this can lead to a less
It can be outlined that the value for area and perimeter are in reality better. The park is here modeled
strong feeling of safety.
as a building, in reality however it is reasonably possible to see through. For the occlusivity the value
It can be outlined will also that rise. the However value as for the area trees and are perimeter creating more are in hidden reality edges better. than The a wall, park this here can lead modelled to a less
as a building, strong in reality feeling however of safety. it is reasonably possible to see through. For the occlusivity the value
will also rise.
3.
However
Shadow
as the
Analysis
trees are
creating more hidden edges than a wall, this can lead to a less
strong feeling of safety.
Shadow analysis is done for the winter (22. December) as well as for the summer solstice (20. June).
3. Shadow 3.
First Analysis Shadow Analysis
this will be done on an empty park. Some statement will be made and then verify on three variants
of the park. Furthermore the analysis of the variants will allow discussing on the tree placement.
Shadow analysis is done for the winter (22. December) as well as for the summer solstice (20. June).
Shadow analysis is done for the winter (22. December) as well as for the summer solstice (20. June).
First this will be done on an empty park. Some statement will be made and then verify on three variants
First this will Winter solstice shadow analysis:
of
be
the
done
park.
on
Furthermore
an empty
park.
the analysis
Some
of
statement
the variants
will
will
be
allow
made
discussing
and then
on
verify
the tree
on three
placement.
variants
of the park. Furthermore the analysis of the variants will allow discussing on the tree placement.
The analysis is performed between 12 am and 16 pm.
Winter solstice shadow analysis:
This time slot is the time in winter where people are most likely to go out in a park. Classic lunchtime is
Winter solstice shadow analysis:
between 12 am and 2 pm. A good park design has to take it into account in order to provide sunny
The analysis is performed between 12 am and 16 pm.
places for people coming to enjoy the sun. The analysis This performed time slot is between the time in 12 winter am and where 16 people pm. are most likely to go out in a park. Classic lunchtime is
This time slot between is the 12 time am in and winter 2 pm. where A good people park design are most has to likely take it to into go account out in a in park. order Classic to provide lunchtime sunny
is between
places
12 am
for
and
people
2 pm.
coming
A good
to enjoy
park
the
design
sun.
has to take it into account in order to provide sunny
places for people coming to enjoy the sun.
5
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5

Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
Figure 3.1 – Winter analysis
figure 3.1 - Winter analysis
Figure 3.2 -­‐ Summer analysis
figure 3.2 - Summer analysis
The area encircled with red (figure 3.1) should have some seating possibilities. If no equipped area can
The area encircled Figure be found 3.1 with – Winter inside red (figure analysis this red 3.1) figure, should this could have lead some to seating lower Figure frequentation 3.2 possibilities. -­‐ Summer of analysis If the no park equipped
in winter. area can
be found inside this red figure, this could lead to lower frequentation of the park in winter.
The The area emplacement encircled with of red the (figure park, with 3.1) its should proximity have some to railways seating is possibilities. in this case a If huge no equipped advantage area as there can
are
be found no buildings inside this in the red lower figure, corner, this could which lead would to lower project frequentation shadows in of the the afternoon. park in winter. This is
the reason why
The emplacement the red
of area
the stays
park, shadow-­‐free
with its proximity from 12h
to on.
railways
is in this case a huge advantage as there
are no buildings The emplacement in the lower of corner, the park, which with its would proximity project to railways shadows is in in the this afternoon. case a huge This advantage is the as reason there are
why the red no area buildings Summer stays solstice in shadow-free the lower corner, from analysis: which 12h on. would project shadows in the afternoon. This is the reason why
the red area stays shadow-­‐free from 12h on.
Summer solstice Here shadow the same analysis:
reflection can be applied as in winter. However as the sun is high in the sky, it produces
Summer very little solstice shaded shadow areas. analysis: This can
be seen on figure 3.2. This lack of shaded area can lead to lower
Here the same comfort reflection for the can users be applied in summer. as in This winter. is why However shadings as have the to sun be is installed. high in The the blue sky, encircled it produces
area
Here represents the same reflection the area that can receives be applied sun as in in winter. from However 12h on. as It the is preferable sun is high to in install the sky, shadings it produces out of
very little shaded areas. This can be seen on figure 3.2. This lack of shaded area can lead to lower
very this little blue shaded zone, areas. in order This no can to affect be seen the on shading figure 3.2. on this This area lack in of winter. shaded area can lead to lower
comfort for the users in summer. This is why shadings have to be installed. The blue encircled area
comfort for the users in summer. This is why shadings have to be installed. The blue encircled area
represents represents the area that the area receives that receives sun in winter sun in from winter 12h from on. 12h It is on. preferable It is preferable to install to install shadings shadings out of out this of
blue zone, this in order Now blue we zone, no will to in affect analyze order the no three to shading affect variants, the on shading and this see area on if it in this matches winter. area in our winter. expectations.
Those three variants were
part of the competition for the park’s design. Variant 1 won the competition and was built. The variants
Now we will analyse can be seen three on variants, the next figures. and see The if it trees matches in the first our variant expectations. are quite Those dispersed three over variants the whole were
park.
part of the Now competition The we second will analyze for variant the three park’s has variants, a more design. structured and Variant see if distribution, 1 it matches won the our competition as expectations. the green and area Those was is divided built. three in The variants quadratic variants were parts.
can be seen part on Finally of the competition next the last figures. version for The has the trees park’s most in of design. the its trees first Variant on variant the 1 lower won are the quite peak. competition dispersed and over was the built. whole The park. variants
The second can variant The be seen analyses
has on the a were
more next done figures. structured for The 12h
distribution, trees as well in as the for first
as 16h. variant the
green are area quite is dispersed divided over in quadratic the whole parts. park.
The second variant has a more structured distribution, as the green area is divided in quadratic parts.
Finally the last version has most of its trees on the lower peak.
Finally Winter the last analysis: version has most of its trees on the lower peak.
The analyses
The
were
analyses
done
were
for
done
12h
for
as
well
12h as
as
well
for
16h.
as for 16h.
Winter analysis: Winter analysis:
Fig 3.3 – Variant 1: 12h Fig 3.4 – Variant 2: 12h Fig 3.5 – Variant 3: 12h
Fig 3.3 – Variant 1: 12h Fig 3.4 – Variant 2: 12h Fig 3.5 – Variant 3: 12h
figure 3.3 - Variant 1: 12h figure 3.4 - Variant 2: 12h figure 3.5 - Variant 3: 12h
6
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49
6

Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – – Alice Chevrier
Digital Digital Urban Urban Simulation HS2015 HS2015 – Alice – Alice Chevrier Chevrier
Fig 3.6 – Variant 1: 16h Fig 3.7 – Variant 2: 16h Fig 3.8 – Variant 3: 16h
figure 3.6 - Variant 1: 16h
figure 3.7 - Variant 2: 16h
figure 3.8 - Variant 3: 16h
The Fig
lower
Fig 3.6 3.6
corner – – Variant that 1:
1:
was 16h marked
in red in Fig Fig
the 3.7 3.7
previous – – Variant figures 2: 2: 16h is not left empty Fig
Fig
and 3.8 3.8
even – – Variant though 3: 3:
some 16h
The lower corner that was marked in red in the previous figures is not left empty and even though some
sun can Fig Fig 3.6 get – 3.6 through, Variant – Variant this 1: 16h 1: doesn’t 16h match the Fig expectations. Fig 3.7 – 3.7 Variant – Variant The 2: 16h version 2: 16h 2 is the one Fig where Fig 3.8 – 3.8 we Variant – can Variant see 3: 16h the 3: 16h
sun can get through, this doesn’t match the expectations. The version 2 is the one where we can see
most The
sun lower
on this corner lower that
corner. was Even marked though in in red the in in
other the the previous
designs figures
have
less is is not
sun
left
on
left empty
the
lower and corner, even though both of some
the most
them sun The sun
manage on this
The can lower lower get
get
a corner sun lower through, corner window corner. that this that was in doesn’t was the Even marked marked upper though match in part red in the the red in of the expectations. the other
in the previous park. designs The figures The
squared have figures version is trees less not is 2 not left 2 is
distribution sun on the
is the left empty the one empty and where of lower
and even variant corner,
we even we though can though 2 see
see some the the some
both of doesn’t them sun most sun let can
manage sun
sun can get on
on get through,
a
through,
sun this lower on this
window the corner. this doesn’t upper doesn’t
in Even
part, match
the match though upper which the the expectations. the
makes part
the of other it the designs The design park.
The version have The where version
squared less 2 there is sun 2 is on the is one the
trees the
the one where lower
less
where
distribution sun we corner, at can we 12h can see both of
see the of of the
variant 2 doesn’t them most most sun manage let sun on sun this on a a sun this through lower window lower corner. on corner. in
the
in Even the the
upper Even upper though though part, part the of
which of other other park. makes designs designs The it have squared the have less design less trees sun sun on where distribution the the lower there lower corner, of
is
of variant the
corner, less
both 2 both 2 of
of
sun at On 12h. the them doesn’t figure them manage let
let manage for sun 4 a
pm, through sun a one sun window of window on on
the the the last upper the in shadow the upper part, upper part
projection which part of the makes of the park. before park. it it the The
the
the The design squared
night squared
where
can
trees be trees
there seen. distribution The
the the
position less of variant sun of of variant at
at 12h 2
2
the sun doesn’t doesn’t is now let such sun let sun through that through the on high the on building’s the upper upper part, shadow part, which which doesn’t makes makes reach it the it design the design park where anymore. where there there At is this the the less time less sun the sun at
12h at 12h
On the trees figure On
On
are the for
the
the figure 4
main pm, for
reason one for 4 4 pm, of for the one shadows last of of the shadow the last
in the shadow projection park. projection
As
they before stretch before the up, night the
the
it is night can easy can be to be seen. be that
seen. The the The
position variant 2
of
of
the sun
is not
is On the now
the
ideal, the On sun such the figure whereas is is now figure that for such
the 4 the for pm, that 4 two
high pm, one the
other
the one building’s of high the of variants the building’s last last shadow
managed shadow projection doesn’t
to keep doesn’t reach before a sun reach before enlighten
the the park the night park night area
anymore. can can be on seen. be the seen. At
top The At this
of this The position the time position
the of
of
park. trees Letting the sun are are sun is a the now
the
large is main now such area such reason that without that the for for the high shadows
trees
high building’s in the in in the
middle
the shadow park. shadow is
As
indeed doesn’t As they doesn’t a stretch reach good reach
design the up, up, the park it it is
in
is park easy anymore. order to to
to see see
let At
light this At this the time access time the
trees are the main reason for shadows in the park. As they stretch up, it is easy to see that the variant
the 2 2
the area. is trees is not trees Though are ideal, are the whereas main the main building reason the reason the two
environment for other shadows for variants in has the in to managed the park. be park. considered. As to they As to keep they stretch It a stretch a
leads sun up, in up, it this it easy is case easy to to see to shadows
on see that that top the
2 is not of the variant the variant
2 2
especially ideal, whereas is park. not is Letting not ideal, on
the ideal, whereas upper the two a a large whereas area other area the the in two without the variants
two other afternoon. managed
other trees variants variants in in
to keep a sun enlighten area on the top of the
the the managed middle is to is indeed keep to keep a a sun good a sun enlighten design in area in order area on the on to to let the top let light top of the of access the
park. Letting a large area without trees in the middle is indeed a good design in order to let light access
the park. the park. area. Letting Though Letting a large a the large the area building area without without environment trees trees in the in has the middle to to middle be be considered. is indeed is indeed a good It a It leads good design in design in this in order case in order to to shadows let to light let light
access access
the area. Summer the Though especially the area. analysis: area. Though the on on Though the
building
the upper the the building environment area building in environment in the the has afternoon. to has be has to be considered. to considered. be It It leads leads It leads in in this this in this case case case to shadows to to shadows
especially especially on the upper on the on area the upper in upper the area area afternoon.
in the in the afternoon.
Summer analysis:
Summer analysis:
Summer Summer analysis: analysis:
Fig 3.9 – Variant 1: 16h Fig 3.10 – Variant 2: 16h Fig 3.11 – Variant 3: 16h
Fig Fig 3.9 3.9 – – Variant 1: 1: 16h Fig Fig 3.10 – – Variant 2: 2: 16h Fig Fig 3.11 – – Variant 3: 3: 16h
Fig
figure Fig 3.9 – 3.9 -
–
Variant
1: 16h
1: 16h Fig
figure
Fig 3.10 3.10 – -
–
Variant
2: 16h
2: 16h Fig Fig
figure 3.11
3.11 –
-– Variant
3:
16h
3: 16h
Fig 3.12 – Variant 1: 19h Fig 3.13 – Variant 2: 19h Fig 3.14 – Variant 3: 19h
figure 3.12 - Variant 1: 19h
figure 3.13 - Variant 2: 19h
figure 3.14 - Variant 3: 19h
Fig Fig 3.12 – – Variant 1: 1: 19h Fig Fig 3.13 – – Variant 2: 2: 19h Fig Fig 3.14 – – Variant 3: 3: 19h
Fig Fig 3.12 3.12 – Variant – Variant 1: 19h 1: 19h Fig Fig 3.13 3.13 – Variant – Variant 2: 19h 2: 19h Fig Fig 3.14 3.14 – Variant – Variant 3: 19h 3: 19h
7
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77
7 7

The analysis for 12h is not shown, as it is of limited interest due to the very high position of the sun,
which leads to shadow only under the trees. Instead the shadow situation at 7pm was analyzed. This is
The analysis
last
for
hour
12h
of
is
sun
not
in summer,
shown,
as
and
it
a
is
generally
of limited
very
interest
appreciated
due to
time
the
to
very
be outside.
high position
of the sun,
which leads At to 4 pm shadow the trees only disposition under the as trees. well as Instead the building the shadow environment situation doesn’t at 7pm affect was the sunlight analysed. reaching This
is last hour the of park. sun in In summer, this case the and variant a generally 2 could very be the appreciated most enjoyable time as to sun be and outside. shadow At spaces 4 pm are the well trees
disposition distributed. as well as The the variant building 3 on environment the other hand doesn’t has clear affect marked the zones sunlight for sun reaching (upper the part) park. and shadow In this
case the variant (lower 2 part). could be the most enjoyable as sun and shadow spaces are well distributed. The
variant 3 on At the 7 pm other variants hand 1 and has 2 clear are also marked to be zones preferred, for as sun they (upper allow part) larger and space shadow of sunlight (lower than part). the At variant 7
pm variants 3. 1 and 2 are also to be preferred, as they allow larger space of sunlight than the variant 3.
4. Connectivity and Choice Analysis in Park
The analysis 4. of the Connectivity connectivity and of Choice the choice Analysis in the in park Park will be made on two new variants. This
comes from the fact that the variants used in the above analyses didn’t have clearly defined ways. I
chose to analyse The analysis two intuitive of the connectivity pathway and distributions: of the choice one in pathway the park will is surrounding be made on two the new park variants. and others This
crossing it. The first variants has vertically and horizontally pathways whereas the second one diagonals.
comes from the fact that the variants used in the above analyses didn’t have clearly defined ways.
I chose to analyze two intuitive pathway distributions: one pathway is surrounding the park and others
In Depthmap crossing I set it. up The the first colour variants scale has so vertically that both and of horizontally the variants pathways have the whereas same. the This second allows one a true
comparison. diagonals. However some caution in the analysis of the results is needed as the analysis is done on
segments,
In
which
Depthmap
can lead
I set up
to
a
the
lack
color
of
scale
exactness.
so that both
Finally
of the
it should
variants
not
have
be
the
forgotten
same. This
that
allows
this
is
a true
a park
comparison. However some caution in the analysis of the results is needed as the analysis is done on
and therefore the ways are not as definite as a real street can be. There is always a possibility to cross
segments, which can lead to a lack of exactness. Finally it should not be forgotten that this is a park and
through.
therefore the ways are not as definite as a real street can be. There is always a possibility to cross
through.
The two figures appear to have a very different choice distribution. The vertical pathway on variant 1 is
the most used. The two On figures the other appear hand, to have the variant a very different 2 has a choice very equal distribution. distribution The vertical of the pathway people’s on flow. variant This 1 is
type of analysis the most is very used. helpful On the other in order hand, to the dimension variant 2 the has ways. a very equal In this distribution example the of the red people’s coloured flow. path This
would have type to be of analysis large enough is very helpful and to in be order made to dimension out of a strong the ways. and In easy this to example maintain the red material. colored Maybe path
the landscape would architects have to be would large enough rather have and to a be park made without of a big strong artery. and In easy this to case maintain the material. variant 2 Maybe would the
fit much better.
landscape architects would rather have a park without a big artery. In this case the variant 2 would fit
much better.
100m
Fig. 4.1: Choice
figure 4.1 Choice
100m
The figures The above figures are below for connectivity. are for connectivity. They give They information give information on how on many how many segments segments one one segment is is
connected connected to. The figures to. The have figures here have more here similarities more similarities than with than they with had they for had the for choice. the choice. The The pathways pathways
crossing the park show a high connection with neighboring paths.
crossing the park show a high connection with neighbouring paths.
Here the segment analysis is not totally correct. For example on variant 1, the two indicated paths
should have the same color. However the left one has a lighter blue color due to the fact that the line at
Here the segment the intersection analysis not is not a straight totally line, correct. and is For considered example by on the variant program 1, as the two two distinct indicated segments. paths
should have the same color. However the left one has a lighter blue color due to the fact that the line
at the intersection is not a straight line, and is considered by the program as two distinct segments. 8
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
51

Digital Urban Simulation HS2015 – Alice Chevrier
100m
Fig 4.2: Connectivity
figure 4.2 Connectivity
100m
Conclusion
Conclusion
Through these analyses I wanted to see how we could apply the tools we learned in class for real
design purposes. Such tools can bring a lot of information for a better design. They are a big help into
trying to get a social approach as we always have to think what impact this or that property will have
on the users and on its behaviour. They are also a way to measure and quantify these properties and
allow quantitative and not only qualitative comparisons.
Through these analyses I wanted to see how we could apply the tools we learned in class for real design
purposes. Such tools can bring a lot of information for a better design. They are a big help into trying to
get a social approach as we always have to think what impact this or that property will have on the
The analysis users done and on on this its behavior. park was They very are interesting. also a way to However measure making and quantify a choice these for properties the best and variant allow is
very difficult quantitative for different and reasons. not only First, qualitative I analyzed comparisons. two sets of variants. For the shadow range analysis
I used three The variants analysis that done were on this actually park was competing very interesting. and, for However the connectivity making a analysis, choice for two the best variants that is
I drew myself. very Making difficult a for choice different on reasons. the three First, variants I analyzed only two over sets a shadow of variants. range For analysis the shadow is very range difficult analysis I
and should used in practice three variants not be that done. were Other actually very competing important and, parameters for the connectivity have to analysis, be taken two into variants account. that I
drew myself. Making a choice on the three variants only over a shadow range analysis is very difficult
However, if I had to give an opinion, relying only on this shadow range analysis, I would take the variant 1,
and should in practice not be done. Other very important parameters have to be taken into account.
which was built. I make this choice by considering the sunshine distribution on the park over winter and
However, if I had to give an opinion, relying only on this shadow range analysis, I would take the variant
summer. Regarding 1, which was the built. variants I make used this in choice the choice by considering and connectivity the sunshine analysis distribution I can on not the make park over a choice winter
only base on and those summer. results. Regarding The context the variants in which used the in the park choice is integrated and connectivity is here analysis much too I can important not make a not
to be taken choice into account. only base This on those is a choice results. The that context the planers in which have the to park make, is integrated without overlooking is here much the too many
other important important factors. not to be taken into account. This is a choice that the planers have to make, without
overlooking the many other important factors.
Theses powerful Theses tools powerful should tools definitively should definitively be used be when used possible. when possible. However However the computer the computer analysis analysis isn’t isn’t
enough and enough a questioning and a questioning of the results of the is results fundamental is fundamental to properly to properly use the use provided the provided information. information. These These
tools have a very wide range of application. Using them for a park design analysis is an example on how
tools have a very wide range of application. Using them for a park design analysis is an example on how
much can be done with them.
much can be done with them.
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Hochschulgebiet Zentrum
Student: Jonas Landholt & Stefan Caranovic

Hochschulgebiet Zentrum - Strategy As
Final Examination
Name: Stefan Caranovic, Jonas Landolt
Date: 30.11.2015
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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sessment
1/13
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
57

In
wa
an
an
de
wa
Summary
The ETH, University and the University Hospital of Zurich are planning to transform the Hochschulquartier
in Zurich City within the next 15 years. During this huge project, lots of older buildings are planned to
be Summary: demolished and new space will be created. The intention of this gigantic retrofit project is to extend
and centralize the space for the high schools and the hospital to form a Campus.
The ETH, University and the University Hospital of Zurich are planning to transform the Hochschulquartier in
In Zurich this City digital within urban the simulation next 15 years. project, During the this huge status project, quo as lots well of older as the buildings “Masterplan are planned Hochschulgebiet
to be demolished
and are new analyzed space will according be created. to The traffic, intention accessibility, of this gigantic open retrofit spaces project and photovoltaics is extend and potential. centralize The the
Zentrum”
“Masterplan” space for the high is an schools existing and conceptual the hospital study - to form of future a Campus. transformation potentials for this city quarter.
Beside In this digital the analysis urban simulation of existing project, variations, the status some quo as further well as improvement the “Masterplan suggestions Hochschulgebiet and Zentrum” optimization are
strategies analyzed according are analyzed. to traffic, accessability, open spaces and photovoltaics potential. The “Masterplan” is an
existing conceptual study of future transformation potentials for this city quarter.
Figure 1 and 2 show the existing situation as well as the building composition planned in the “Masterplan”.
As
Beside
shown
the
in
analysis
the figures
of existing
the “Masterplan”
variations, some
gives
further
a drastic
improvement
change
suggestions
to the whole
and
campus
optimization
area.
strategies
For such
are
analyzed.
a big transformation project it is important to analyse impacts on traffic and pedestrian movement.
Figure 1 and 2 show the existing situation as well as the building composition planned in the “Masterplan”. As
shown in the figures the “Materplan” gives a drastic change to the whole campus area. For such a big transformation
project it is importent to analyze impacts on traffic and pedestrian movements.
Si
co
qu
po
ity
Si
re
So
bu
An
Th
es
to
to
cit
fro
ex
pa
Figure1:StatusQuo,Buildingsthatareintendedtobedemolished(yellow)
that are intended to demolished (yellow) Figure2:Masterplan,plannednewbuildings(red)
planned new (red)
Motivation:
Motivation
In the current situation there is quite some traffic through the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum” coming from the
In Bellevue the current and leading situation towards there Bucheggplatz. is quite some This traffic is through producing the quite “Hochschulgebiet some noise and is Zentrum” separating coming the
from Hochschulgebiet the Bellevue in and two leading parts. In towards early morning Bucheggplatz. and evening This hours traffic where is producing also people quite flow is some massive noise (~15’000 and is
separating Students studying the Hochschulgebiet int his area), the roads in two get parts. often In stucked early morning by cars and and the evening noise & pollutants hours where load also on the people
flow
pedestrians
is massive
in quite
(~15’000
high and
Students
the people
studying
flow is also
in
distracted
his area),
by
the
the
roads
cars blocking
get often
the
jammed
roads.To visualize
by cars
this
and
unsatisfying situation, the first part of the analysis will focus on improvement strategies of the traffic situation,
the noise & pollutants load on the pedestrians in quite high and the people flow is also distracted by
means reduce the private traffic through the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum”. This analysis will be performed by an
the cars blocking the roads. To visualize this unsatisfying situation, the first part of the analysis will
integration and choice analysis on a bigger scale.
focus on improvement strategies of the traffic situation, means reduce the private traffic through the
“Hochschulgebiet Zentrum”. This analysis will be performed by an integration and choice analysis on
a bigger scale
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
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e
000
in
ole
the
” are
ies are
As
orma-
Since the pedestrian density in the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum” is quite high due to the high amount
of students coming to ETH or University Zurich, the pedestrian pathways need to be improved. The
“Masterplan Hochschulquartier” includes also a guideline where new pedestrian paths should be created
and where new public transportation stations should be built. To analyse the proposed pedestrian paths
and further improve the accessibility of the area for pedestrians, an integration and choice analysis is
performed
Since the
on
pedestrian
district level.
density in the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum” is quite high due to the high amount of students
coming to ETH or University Zurich, the pedestrian pathways need to be improved. The “Masterplan Hochschulquartier”
includes also a guideline where new pedestrian paths should be created and where new public transportation
Since such a
stations
high urban
should
transformation
be built. To analyse
is planned,
the proposed
the designers
pedestrian
should
paths and
also
further
think
improve
about an
the
integration
accessability
of the area energy for pedestrians, technologies an integration and how and the newly choice built analysis buildings is performed could on be district optimised level. for renewables.
of renewable
With a Solar Radiation analysis, the PV potential is assessed and with optimization strategies, the
heights Since of such the a new high urban buildings stransformation get adjusted is planned, in a way the to designers optimise should the amount also think of electricity about an integration out of PV. of
renewable energy technologies and how the newly built buildings could be optimized for renewables. With a
Analysis Solar Radiation 1: Private analysis, Traffic the Reduction PV potential Strategies is assessed - Lake and with Tunnel optimization strategies, the heights of the new
buildings get adjusted in a way to optimize the amount of electricity out of PV.
The traffic situation in Zurich is quite complex. There is a very dense city centre whose border on one
side Analysis touch- 1: es Private the lake. Traffic Zurich Reduction is widely Strategies known - Lake as Tunnel a traffic hot spot in Switzerland. If you want to travel
from St. Gallen towards Bern / Basel you need to drive by Zurich. And if you want to go from Chur to
Bern The / traffic Basel situation you also in need Zurich to is quite drive complex. by Zurich. There Therefor is a very Zurich dense city started centre to whose build border a Highway on one ring side around touches
the to lake. limit Zurich the traffic is widely through known as the a traffic city centre. hot spot But in Switzerland. this Highway If you ring want has to travel never from been St. Gallen closed (see
Zurich
figure towards on title Bern page). / Basel An you example: need to drive people by Zurich. driving And from if you Zollikon want to with go destination from Chur to Wallisellen Bern / Basel will you likely also need drive
through to drive the by City Zurich. - through Therefor the Zurich Hochschulquartier. started to build a Highway The existing ring around road system Zurich to with limit highways the traffic through (red), major the
roads city center. (green) But and this minor Highway roads ring (blue) has never is shown been closed in on the (see title figure page. on title page). An example: people driving
from Zollikon with destination Wallisellen will likely drive through the City - through the Hochschulquartier. The
In the
existing
year
road
2000,
system
the
with
cantonal
highways
government
(red), major
of
roads
Zurich
(green)
planned
and minor
to build
roads
a tunnel
(blue) is
under
shown
the
in on
lake
the
to
title
close
page.
the high- way ring, but the governing council banned this project and as we all know it has never been
realized. In this analysis the Status Quo traffic situation is compared with a situation where a tunnel
In the year 2000, the cantonal government of Zurich planned to build a tunnel under the lake to close the highway
ring, the lake but the would governing exist and council the banned highway this ring project would and be as we closed. all know To it see has the never impact been realized. on the traffic, In this an
below
integration analysis the and Status choice Quo traffic analysis situation with depthmap is compared was with a performed. situation where For a visualization tunnel below of the urban lake would scale exist hot
spots and and the highway choice decisions, ring would be the closed. analysis To see radius the impact was set on to the infinite. traffic, an integration and choice analysis with
depthmap was performed. For visualization of urban scale hot spots and choice decisions, the analysis radius
was set to infinite.
his
on,
an
Lake Tunnel Highways Major Roads Minor Roads
Figure 3: Closed Highway Figure ring 3: with Closed lake tunnel Highway ring with lake tunnel
2/13
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
59

Integration - Status Quo (Figure 4)
Integration - Status Quo (Figure 4)
Int
In
Integration - Status Quo (Figure 4)
Integration - Lake Tunnel (Figure 5)
Integration - Lake Tunnel (Figure 5)
Inte
Inte
The
tion The
to tion in
com to i
com
Sinc
io Sinw
ing io w
ing
Inte
the Inte
tion the
aro tion
way aro
io. wa
io.
City
are City
are
Integration - Lake Tunnel (Figure 5)
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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Integration - Difference between Status Quo & Lake Tunnel (Figure 6)
Integration - Difference between Status Quo & Lake Tunnel (Figure 6)
Integration Simulation - Status Quo vs. Lake Tunnel
Integration Simulation - Status Quo vs. Lake Tunnel
The two scenarios, Status Quo and Lake Tunnel, were analyzed with depthmap to see the difference in integration
and to visualize the effect of closing the highway ring. The analysis radius of the integration analysis was set
The
to infinity
two scenarios,
to get a picture
Status
about
Quo
the
and
city
Lake
wide
Tunnel,
hot spots.
were
The
analyzed
scales of the
with
two
depthmap
analysis results
to see
were
the
aligned
difference
to get
in
integra- comparabe tion results. and to visualize the effect of closing the highway ring. The analysis radius of the integration
analysis was set to infinity to get a picture about the city wide hot spots. The scales of the two analysis
results Since it is were not easy aligned to see to the get difference comparabe between results. figure 4 and 5, the integration results of the Status Quo scenario
were substracted from the results of the Lake Tunnel values. Figure 6 was drawn with processing and is showing
these it is differences. not easy In to figure see the 6, the difference roads whose between integration figure value 4 and changed 5, the is integration clearly visible. results of the Status
Since
Quo scenar- io were substracted from the results of the Lake Tunnel values. Figure 6 was drawn with
processing Integration is and a value is show- for the ing centrality these of differences. each segment In figure and is 6, calculated the roads by how whose far a integration segment is value in relation changed to all
is the clearly other segments. visible. Since in the Lake Tunnel scenario roads were just added and none were deleted, the integration
of all the segments gets either higher or stays more or less the same. As seen in figure 6, the integration
Integration
around the highway
is a value
ring
for
is increased
the centrality
much
of
more
each
then
segment
in the centre
and is
of
calculated
the city. Especially
by how
around
far a
the
segment
new highway
junctions the integration in the Lake Tunnel scenario is much higher than it’s value in the Status Quo scenar-
is in
relation to all the other segments. Since in the Lake Tunnel scenario roads were just added and none
io.
were deleted, the integra- tion of all the segments gets either higher or stays more or less the same.
As seen in figure 6, the integration around the highway ring is increased much more then in the centre
City-Wide, as seen in figure 4 & 5, the integration pattern stays more or less the same since the overall hot spots
of are the still city. almost Especially at the same around place. the new high- way junctions the integration in the Lake Tunnel scenario is
much higher than it’s value in the Status Quo scenario.
City-Wide, as seen in figure 4 & 5, the integration pattern stays more or less the same since the overall
hot spots are still almost at the same place.
3/13
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
61

Choice - Status Quo (Figure 7)
Choice - Status Quo (Figure 7)
Cho
Cho
Choice - Status Quo (Figure 7)
Choice - Lake Tunnel (Figure 8)
Choice - Lake Tunnel (Figure 8)
Cho
Cho
Clo
for Clo
tion for
den tion
den
The
not The
the not
visi the
ind visi
pos ind
me pos
me
Som
new Som
opt new
opt
Choice - Lake Tunnel (Figure 8)
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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Choice - Difference between Status Quo & Lake Tunnel (Figure 9)
Choice - Difference between Status Quo & Lake Tunnel (Figure 9)
Choice Simulation - Status Quo vs. Lake Tunnel
Choice Simulation - Status Quo vs. Lake Tunnel
Closing the highway ring has quite some impact on the Choice vlaues in the city of Zurich. Choice is an indicator
for Closing how often the highway a segment ring is passed has quite if all the some shortest impact paths on between the Choice each values segment in are the evaluated. city of Zurich. In this Choice simulation
an indicator case the choice for how is therefor often a an segment indicator is for passed traffic density if all the and shortest visualizes paths on which between road segments each segment high trafic are
is
density is expected.
evaluated. In this simulation case the choice is therefor an indicator for traffic density and visualizes on
which road segments high traffic density is expected.
The Lake Tunnel reduces the choice values in a high part of the the city center. Because the change in choice is
not obvious visible in figures 7 and 8, also here the choice result of the status quo scenario was substracted from
the
The
choice
Lake
result
Tunnel
of the
reduces
Lake Tunnel
the choice
scenario.
values
Figure
in
9
a
represents
high part
this
of
difference
the city centre.
in choice
Because
values and
the
it
change
is clearly
in
visible choice that is not most obvious of the main visible road in segments figures 7 in and the 8, city also center here show the a choice negative result choice-difference of the status value quo which scenario
indicates was subtracted that the Lake from Tunnel the choice functions result as expected of the Lake and Tunnel will likely scenario. reduce the Figure traffic 9 through represents the city. this In difference figure 9,
positive in choice values values mean and higher it is choice clearly in visible the Lake that Tunnel most scenario of the than main in road the status segments quo scenario, in the city negative centre values show
mean a negative lower choice-difference in the Lake Tunnel value scenario which than indicates the that status the quo. Lake Tunnel functions as expected and
will likely reduce the traffic through the city. In figure 9, positive values mean higher choice in the Lake
Some Tunnel of scenario the streets than around in the status new highway quo scenario, will be chosen negative more values often. mean Therefor lower the choice main streets in the leading Lake Tunnel to the
new scenario highway than would in the probably status quo. need to be expanded and the highway junctions would need to be designed in an
optimal way to prevent traffic jams.
Some of the streets around the new highway will be chosen more often. Therefor the main streets
leading to the new highway would probably need to be expanded and the highway junctions would
need to be designed in an optimal way to prevent traffic jams.
4/13
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
63

Choice Hochschulgebiet Zentrum - Status Quo (left) & Lake Tunnel (right) (Figure 10 & 11)
Choice Hochschulgebiet Zentrum - Status Quo (left) & Lake Tunnel (right) (Figure 10 & 11)
An
An
Th
bu Th
stu bu
int stu
int
A s
run A s
stu run
stu
All
the All
ab the
ab
Choice Hochschulgebiet Zentrum - Status Quo (left) & Lake Tunnel (right) (Figure 10 & 11)
The main focus of this project lies on an
optimization The main focus of of the this area project of the lies “Hochschulgebiet
optimization main Zentrum”. of focus the area In of of this this the section “Hoch-
project the lies
on an
The
on impact schulgebiet an of optimization the Zentrum”. a Lake Tunnel In of this the (closing section area of the the of the
“Hochschulgebiet highway impact of ring) the a on Lake the Zentrum”. Tunnel choice (closing of the In this roads of section the
the within highway impact the ring) area of on the of the interest a choice Lake is Tunnel evaluated. of the roads (closing of
the within highway the area ring) of interest on the choice is evaluated. of the roads
within Figure 10 the & area 11 show of interest the absolute is evaluated. choice
value. Figure It 10 can & 11 be show seen the that absolute the main choice roads
Figure
(Rämistrasse, value. It 10 can & be Universitätsstrasse
11 seen show that the absolute main & Seilergraben)
show a lower value in the scenario
roads choice
value. (Rämistrasse, It can Universitätsstrasse be seen that the & main Seiler-roadgraben)
the show Lake Tunnel a lower than value in in the the status
with
(Rämistrasse, Universitätsstrasse scenario &
quo with scenario. the Lake Figure Tunnel 12 than shows in the again status the
Seilergraben) show a lower value in the
difference quo scenario. of the Figure choice 12 shows value of again the Lake
scenario
the
Tunnel difference Scenario
with the
of the and
Lake
choice the value status
Tunnel
of quo
than in the
the Lake
status scenario quo
Tunnel Scenario (lake scenario. tunel and minus Figure
the status status 12
quo quo). shows A again
the positive difference
scenario value (lake tunel means of the
minus that choice the status choice value
quo). in A the of the
Lake lake positive tunel Tunnel
value scenario Scenario
means is higher and
that the than the
choice in status the quo
in the
scenario status lake tunel quo (lake
scenario tunnel
is and higher
minus vice than versa. status
in the
quo). A
positive status quo value scenario means and that vice the versa. choice in the
lake tunnel scenario is higher than in the
status quo scenario and vice versa.
Choice Difference - Hochschulgebiet Zentrum (Figure 12)
Choice Difference - Hochschulgebiet Zentrum (Figure 12)
Out
Out
of
of
the
the
segment
segment
analysis
analysis
it is
it
visible
is visible
that
that
a lake tunnel which closes the highway ring could be a good strategy
Out to of reduce the segment traffic in analysis the city it center is visible of Zurich that a lake and tunnel especially which in the closes “Hochschulgebiet the highway ring Zentrum”.
a lake tunnel which closes the highway ring
could be a good strategy
could to reduce be a traffic good in strategy the city to center reduce of Zurich traffic and especially in the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum”.
in the city centre of Zurich and especially in
the Digital “Hochschulgebiet Urban Simulation | Zentrum”.
Name of the project
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
Choice Difference - Hochschulgebiet Zentrum (Figure 12)
Fig
Fig
Fo
1 FoP
1 P
64
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Analysis 2: Pedestrian Flow in the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum”
The transformation of the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum” and the demolishing and rebuilding of a high
amount of buildings is a chance to optimise the pedestrian flow within this city quarter. Since most of
the thousands of students studying at ETH and University Zurich are coming by public transportation to
this city quarter, a good integration and accessibility of all the high school buildings by foot is desired.
Analysis 2: Pedestrian Flow in the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum”
A segment analysis of integration and choice of the various footpaths within the “Hochschulgebiet
The Zentrum” transformation was run of the in Depthmap “Hochschulgebiet to visualize Zentrum” the pedestrian and the demolishing flow and to simulate and rebuilding improvement of a high strategies amount of
buildings and the is footpath a chance studies to optimize of the the “Masterplan pedestrian flow Hochschulgebiet within this city Zentrum”. quarter. Since most of the thousands of
students styding at ETH and University Zurich are coming by public transportation to this city quarter, a good
integration All the footpaths and accessibility within of this all city the highschool quarter are buildings taken into by foot account. is desired. Since most of the students arrive
by tram or via the Polybahn and leave the quarter the same way, reducing the analysis area to the
A segment Hochschulquartier analysis of integration is reason- able and choice to analyse of the pedestrian various footpaths flow within within this the quarter. “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum” was
run in Depthmap to visualize the pedestrian flow and to simulate improvement strategies and the footpath
studies For of the the integration “Masterplan and Hochschulgebiet choice analysis, Zentrum”. the following public transportation stations were taken into
account: 1 Polybahn, 2 ETH / Universitätsspital, 3 Haldenbach, 4 Neumarkt, 5 Kantonsschule, 6 Platte,
All the 7 Voltastrasse
footpaths within this city quarter are taken into account. Since most of the students arrive by tram or via
the Polybahn and levae the quarter the same way, reducing the anaylsis area to the Hochschulquartier is reasonable
to analyze pedestrian flow within this quarter.
7
6
5
3
2
4
Figure 13: Analysis Area with public transportation stations
Figure 13: Analysis Area with public transportation stations
1
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation 65
For the integration and choice analysis, the following public transportation stations were taken into account:

Integration - Without Tram Stations
Integration - With Tram Stations
Inte
Base
Integration - Without Tram Stations
Integration - With Tram Stations
Integ
Base
Integration - Without Tram Stations Integration - With Tram Stations
Choice - Without Tram Stations
Integration - Secenario 1 Base Scenario, Status Quo
Choice - With Tram Stations
Inte
new
Choice - Without Tram Stations
Choice - With Tram Stations
Integ
new t
Choice - Without Tram Stations
Choice - With Tram Stations
The pictures above show clearly the impact of the tram stations on the integration
and choice values. If you analyse footpaths, it’s important to take crowded places
into account and to represent them in an adequate way. In the simulations, tram
stations and the station of the Polybahn are represented as shown in the sketch on
The the The right pictures side.
above above show show clearly clearly the impact the of impact the tram of stations the tram on stations the integration
the
and integration choice values. and If choice you analyse values. footpaths, If you it’s analyse important footpaths, to take crowded it’s important places to
into It take can
account be crowded seen,
and that
to places represent in the into status
them account quo
in the
an and adequate upper to parts represent way. around
In them simulations, university in an adequate tram
hospital are much less integrated and
stations the way. paths In and there
the simulations, station show a
of much
the tram Polybahn lower stations choice
are and value
represented the than station in
as the
shown of lower the in path Polybahn the segments
sketch are on
around the ETH and University
the Zurich represented right main
side.
buildings. as shown in the sketch on the right side
It In It can a can next
be seen, be step seen, that the new
in that the footpath in status the quo status setup
the of quo upper the the Masterplan
parts upper around parts “Hochschulgebiet
the around university the hospital Zentrum” university are with
much hospital the
less new
integrated are location much of
and less
the tram integrated paths station
there “Kantonsschule” and show the a much paths lower is there analyzed
choice show and
value a further much than improvements
in lower the lower choice path are value segments compared than around in against the the lower each
ETH other. path and University segments
Zurich around main the buildings. ETH and University Zurich main buildings.
Scenario 1: Base Scenario - Status Quo
In Scenario In
a next
a next
step 2: Masterplan step
the new
the
footpath
new “Hoschulgebiet footpath
setup of
setup Zürich”
the Masterplan
of the Masterplan
“Hochschulgebiet
“Hochschulgebiet
Zentrum” with
Zentrum”
the new location
with the
of
new
tram Scenario
station 3:
“Kantonsschule” Masterplan as a base
is analyzed with and additional
further improvements tram station at
are compared new Sternwartstrasse
against each other.
location of tram station “Kantonsschule” is analyzed and further improvements are compared against
Scenario each other.
4: Masterplan as a base with additional tram station and additional footpaths
Scenario 1: Base Scenario - Status Quo
Scenario Digital Urban 2: Masterplan Simulation “Hoschulgebiet | Name of the project Zürich”
Scenario
Scenario
3: Masterplan
1: Base Scenario
as a base
-
with
Status
an additional
Quo
tram station at the new Sternwartstrasse
Scenario Scenario 4: Masterplan 2: Masterplan a base “Hoschulgebiet with additional Zürich” tram station and additional footpaths
Scenario 3: Masterplan as a base with an additional tram station at the new Sternwartstrasse
Digital Scenario Urban 4: Simulation Masterplan | Name as a of base the project with additional tram station and additional footpaths
Wit
chu
the
gat
With
chul
If a
the are
u
gate
acc
If If
an
so
area
add
acce
If som
addi
66
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iA Architecture

Integration - Secenario 1 Integration - Scenario 2
Base Scenario, Status Quo
Masterplan “Hochschulgebiet Zürich” with paths and tram stations
Integration - Scenario 2
Masterplan “Hochschulgebiet Zürich” with paths and tram stations
Integration - Secenario 3 Integration - Scenario 4
new tram station marked with a red circle
new tram station as in scenario 3 with additional footpaths
and
rsity
f
Integration - Scenario 3
new tram station marked with a red circle
Integration - Scenario 4
new tram station as in scenario 3 with additional footpaths
With the Masterplan “Hochschulgebiet Zürich” (Scenario 2) and its new and relocated tram station “Kantonsschule”,
most of the footpaths within the area of interest are more integrated then nowadays (Scenario 1). 1). But still
the upper parts around the University Hospital show a much lower value of integration and are still quite segregated
from the rest of the universtity buildings.
With the Masterplan “Hochschulgebiet Zürich” (Scenario 2) and its new and relocated tram station
“Kantonsschule”,
If If an additional tram
most station
of the around
footpaths
the upper
within University
the area Hospital
of interest buildings
are more was added
integrated (Scenario
then 3)
nowadays
3) the upper
(Scenario area of the 1). “Hochschulgebiet But still the upper Zentrum” parts gets around slightly the more University integrated. Hospital Such an show additional a much station lower could value be of
be
integration accessed by and the are new still Sternwartstrasse quite segregated and from served the by rest tram of Nr. the 9. university buildings.
If an
If If some additional additional tram paths station are around added (Scenario the upper 4), University the upper part Hospital of the buildings area gets even was added more integrated (Scenario and and
3) these
upper additional area of paths the could “Hochschulgebiet help to connect Zentrum” the different gets university slightly more buildings integrated. and increase Such the the an integration additional quite station a bit. bit.
could be accessed by the new Sternwartstrasse and served by tram Nr. 9.
If some additional paths are added (Scenario 4), the upper part of the area gets even more integrated
and these additional paths could help to connect the different university buildings and increase the
integration quite a bit.
6/13 6/13
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
67

Choice Secenario Choice Scenario Base Choice Scenario, - Secenario Status Quo 1 Masterplan Choice - Scenario “Hochschulgebiet 2 Zürich” with paths and tram stations
Base Scenario, Status Quo
Masterplan “Hochschulgebiet Zürich” with paths and tram stations
Choice - Secenario 1 Base Scenario, Status Quo Choice - Scenario 2
Masterplan “Hochschulgebiet Zürich” with paths and tram stations
Choice Secenario Choice Scenario new Choice tram - station Secenario marked 3 with a red circle
Choice new tram - Scenario station as 4in scenario 3 with additional footpaths
new tram station marked with a red circle
new tram station as in scenario 3 with additional footpaths
So
So
As bui
As t
pre
bui
mo
pre
opt
mo
But
opt
allo
But
allo
In (“Sy
In t
pot
(“Sy
pot
se
inte
a se
and
inte
and
The Choice change - Secenario in choice 3 is less obvious since the differences Choice in - choice Scenario are 4 so small that they are hard to see. But
also
The new tram change station
here, the
in marked
Masterplan
choice with is a less red circle
(Scenario
obvious
2)
since
increases
the differences new tram
the choice
in
of
choice station as
the paths
are in scenario so
in
small 3 with
the middle
that additional they
and
are footpath
in the
hard
upper
to see.
part
But
of
the
also
area
here,
of
the
interest
Masterplan
compared
(Scenario
to the
2)
base
increases
scenario
the
(Scenario
choice of
1).
the paths in the middle and in the upper part of
the area of interest compared to the base scenario (Scenario 1).
An additional tram station (Scenario 3) would increase the choice of some segments at the Rämistrasse, Universitätsstrasse
An additional
and
tram
the
station
new Sternwartstrasse
(Scenario 3) would
leading
increase
to the
the
tram
choice
station.
of some segments at the Rämistrasse, Universitätsstrasse
The change
and
in choice
the new
is
Sternwartstrasse
less obvious since
leading
the
to
differences
the tram station.
in choice are so small that they are hard to
see. But also here, the Masterplan (Scenario 2) increases the choice of the paths in the middle and in
Adding new paths (Scenario 4) is further on slightly increasing the choice around Rämistrasse and the new
Sternwartstrasse
Adding the upper new part paths of
(axis
(Scenario the area
through
4) of
the
is interest further
planned
on compared
new
slightly
buildings).
increasing to the base the scenario choice around (Scenario Rämistrasse 1). and the new
Sternwartstrasse (axis through the planned new buildings).
Syntheseplan
Overall in can be stated, that adding tram stations, rearranging or adding paths can have quite high impact on
the
Overall
integration
in can be
and
stated,
choice
that
of
adding
the various
tram
path
stations,
segments.
rearranging
For the
or
“Hochschulgebiet
adding paths can
Zentrum”
have a quite
we would
high impact
suggest
on
to
the An set additional integration
up an additional tram and choice station tram
of
station (Scenario the various
around 3) path would the
segments.
area increase shown
For the in
the
Scenario choice “Hochschulgebiet of 3, to some give segments the
Zentrum”
pedestrians at we the would
the Rämistrasse,
possibility
suggest
to
to Universitätsstrasse access
set up an
the
additional
upper part and tram
of the the
station new University
around Sternwartstrasse Area
the
on
area direct
shown leading way. Scenario
This to the would
3, tram to
clearly
give station. the
lead
pedestrians
to higher
the
integration
possibility
of
this
to access
area as
the
shown
upper
in
part
the
of
integration
the University
map
Area
of Scenario
on a direct
3.
way. This would clearly lead to a higher integration of
this Adding area new as shown paths in (Scenario the integration 4) is map further of Scenario on slightly 3. increasing the choice around Rämistrasse and the
new Sternwartstrasse (axis through the planned new buildings).
Overall Digital Urban in can Simulation be stated, | Name that of adding the project tram stations, rearranging or adding paths can have a quite high
impact Digital Urban on the Simulation integration | Name and of choice the project of the various path segments. For the “Hochschulgebiet Zentrum”
we would suggest to set up an additional tram station around the area shown in Scenario 3, to give the
pedestrians the possibility to access the upper part of the University Area on a direct way. This would
clearly lead to a higher integration of this area as shown in the integration map of Scenario 3.
68
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
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Solar Radiation Studies - Abstract
Solar
Solar
Radiation
Radiation
Studies
Studies -
Abstract
Abstract
stations
stations As the climatic change progresses (despite all our technological developments), the pressure on the
design of buildings, As the climatic quarters change and progresses cities increases (despite in all the our direction technological of energy developments), efficiency. Besides the pressure the on the
“defensive” As the climatic change progresses (despite all our technological developments), the pressure on the
buildings, measures quarters to prevent and energy cities increases loss through in the better direction insulation of energy and efficiency. optimising Besides heating/cooling the “defensive” m
schedules, buildings, quarters and cities increases in the direction of energy efficiency. Besides the “defensive” prevent energy can be loss made through more better energy insulation efficient and also optimizing through heating/cooling intelligent use of schedules, solar energy. buildings ca
Designing a prevent energy loss through better insulation and optimizing heating/cooling schedules, buildings ca
more single energy house efficient on a green also field through for optimal intelligent solar use harvesting of solar energy. is a relatively Designing easy task a single that house can be on a gre
achieved with more the energy help of efficient tables and also rules through of thumb. intelligent But when use of it solar comes energy. to designing Designing complex single buildings house on gre
optimal solar harvesting is a relatively easy task that can be achieved with the help of tables and rules
in an urban optimal context, solar designers harvesting need is relatively more powerful easy task tools that that can allows be achieved them with to handle the help the of complex tables and rules
But when it comes to designing complex buildings in an urban context, designers need more powerfu
relationships But of when the big it comes scale to project. designing complex buildings in an urban context, designers need more powerfu
allows them to handle the complex relationships of the big scale project.
allows them to handle the complex relationships of the big scale project.
In the following In the analysis following examples analysis examples we show, we based show, on based the “Hochschulquartier” on the “Hochschulquartier” and the and new the master new master
plan for it In following analysis examples we show, based on the “Hochschulquartier” and the new master
(“Syntheseplan”), how Rhino in in conjunction with with Grasshopper and and Ladybug can can be be used used to to asses
assess the (“Syntheseplan”), how Rhino in conjunction with Grasshopper and Ladybug can be used to asses
potential solar potential of a city of a quarter city quarter and how and parametric how parametric analysis analysis can help can to help benchmark to benchmark different different design or eve
design or even potential of city quarter and how parametric analysis can help to benchmark different design or eve
a series generate of design a series and optimize of design them and optimise towards them specific towards goals. specific As this kind goals. of As analysis this kind are of very com
analysis are very series computational of design and intensive optimize and them generate towards large specific amounts goals. of data, As this we kind will also of analysis analyse are how very com
intensive and generate large amounts of data, we will also analyse how these digital processes can be
these digital intensive processes and can generate be optimised large amounts and how of the data, conditions we will also can analyse be set how in order these to digital get comparable processes can be
and how the conditions can be set in order to get comparable results.
results. and how the conditions can be set in order to get comparable results.
hs
hs
Existing situat
Existing situat
see. But
see. But
er part of
er part of
Existing Situation
Syntheseplan
Syntheseplan
sse, Univer-
sse, Univer-
e new
new
h impact on
impact on
uld suggest
uld suggest
possibility
possibility
tegration of
tegration of
Syntheseplan
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
69

Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
Radiation analysis and PV potential
In order to estimate the solar potential of the buildings in the HQ , we use the radiation analysis tool
of Ladybug to generate a solar irradiation map. We develop further a tool that takes the results from
Ladybug and estimates if certain areas are eligible for the installation of PV or not and generates a visual
output of the suited areas. The decision is made based on an economic calculation and the efficiency
of the PV modules. Taking into account the price per m2 of PV systems (1000 CHF/m2), the average
lifetime (30 years), the efficiency (16%) and the market price of electricity in Switzerland (0.2 CHF/kWh),
Radiation we come to the analysis conclusion and that PV a threshold potential of 1040 kWh/m2 of solar irradiation is needed in order to
make PV profitable.
In order to estimate the solar potential of the buildings in the HQ , we use the radiation analysis tool of Ladybug
to After generate running a solar the irradiation script for map. both We existing develop situation further a tool and that planned takes the intervention, results from we Ladybug noticed and an estimates increase if
certain of 5’780 areas MWh are PV eligible potential for the in installation the “Syntheseplan”. of PV or not This and represents generates a an visual increase output of of 32% the suited from areas. the initial The
decision is made based on an economic calculation and the efficiency of the PV modules. Taking into account the
potential of 18’050 MWh. Moreover, the new image of the areas suited for PV generation shows a
price per m2 of PV systems (1000 CHF/m2), the average lifetime (30 years), the efficiency cy (16%) and the market
much better distribution with bigger areas on flat roofs. Even with the significant improvement, the PV
price of electricity in Switzerland (0.2 CHF/kWh), we come to the conclusion that a threshold hold of 1040 kWh/m2 of
electricity production would cover only ca. 26% of the total electricity demand of the present quarter
solar irradiation is needed in order to make PV profitable.
(90’000MWh).
After running the script for both existing situation and planned intervention, we noticed an increase of 5’780
MWh Besides PV potential the distribution in the “Syntheseplan”. off solar radiation This represents on the building an increase stock, of we 32% produce from the also initial maps potential that show of 18’050
the
MWh. solar radiation Moreover, on the the new ground image plane. of the First, areas this suited shows for PV which generation areas are shows highly a much sheltered better from distribution the sun with
and
bigger if there areas on buildings flat roofs. that Even suffer with from the significant the lack improvement, of solar radiation. the PV Secondly, electricity this production type of would representation
cover only
ca. could 26% be of the a new total kind electricity of “ground demand floor of the plan”, present one quarter inspired (90’000MWh). by our era where energy seems to be the
driving factor of urban design. Although a direct expression of energy flows, these maps have also a
Besides human the scale. distribution They show off how solar “narrow” radiation on or “closed” the building a space stock, feels we produce or how also close maps its perception that show the is to solar
the
radiation one of an on interior the ground space. plane. The First, bluer this a spot, shows the which more areas it is are enclosed highly sheltered and perceived from the as sun belonging and if there to the are
buildings’ that private suffer space from the rather lack than of solar to radiation. the public Secondly, space of this the type city. of representation n could be a new kind of
“ground floor plan”, one inspired by our era where energy seems to be the driving factor of urban design. Although
a direct expression of energy flows, these maps have also a human scale. They show how “narrow” or “closed” a
space feels or how close its perception is to the one of an interior space. The bluer a spot, the more it is enclosed
and perceived as belonging to the buildings’ private space rather than to the public space of the city.
Init
Sitaon PVenergy PVarea letriitydemand CoveredbyPV
# MWh m2 MWh %
Original 18,050 102756 90,0000 20.06
Syntheseplan 23,900 123513 90,0000 26.56
elavehange 32.41 20.20 0.000 32.41
70
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

ug
es if
The
the
rket
2 of
’780
’050
ith
only
olar
are
d of
ugh
d” a
sed
Initial Situation - Solar irradiation analysis + PV potential areas Syntheseplan - Solar irradiation analysis + PV potential areas
Initial Situation -
Solar irradiation analysis
Syntheseplan -
Solar irradiation analysis
+ PV potential areas
+ PV potential areas
.06
.56
.41
8/13
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
71

PV
Afte
and
floo
the
con
To b
by t
clus
initi
algo
requ
para
Orig
Changes in the “Ground floor radiation
plan” (Original, left - Syntheseplan - right)
The
ana
and
gras
nec
from
#
More blue in the Syntheseplan means that more public
space is privatised and the higher buildings generating
more darker in-between spaces take up even more of
the “orange” public space.
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
72
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
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PV Production Optimization
ion
ht)
ion
ht)
After the analysis of both scenarios, we also looked at how parametric analysis and design can help
benchmark and / or improve the planned intervention. With the help of the Galapagos optimization
PV Production Optimization
PV Production Optimization
tool we took the ground floor plan of the “Syntheseplan” proposal, divided each building into several
blocks and optimised the height of the blocks for optimal PV gain. In order to still fulfil the space
requirement After the analysis of the of both programme, scenarios, we set also as looked base at condition how parametric that the analysis generated and design volume can has help to benchmark
equal to
the and “Syntheseplan” / or improve planned proposal intervention. +- a certain With threshold. the help of the Galapagos optimization tool we took the ground
After the analysis of both scenarios, we also looked at how parametric analysis and design can help benchmark
floor plan of the “Syntheseplan” proposal, divided each building into several blocks and optimized the height of
and / or improve the planned intervention. With the help of the Galapagos optimization tool we took the ground
To the
floor
be blocks
plan
even for
of the
more optimal
“Syntheseplan”
precise PV gain. in In
proposal,
the order generation to still fulfil
divided each
of the output space
building
data, requirement
into several
we decided of the programme,
blocks and
to
optimized
normalize we
the
the set as
height
resulted base
of
PV condition
the production that the
blocks for optimal by generated the PV built volume
gain. has
In order in to
to order be equal
still fulfil to the avoid to the “Syntheseplan”
space bigger requirement effects proposal of of the bigger +- a
programme, volumes. certain threshold.
we After set as running base
simulations condition that on the several generated clusters volume we has managed to be equal to to get the for “Syntheseplan” all of them proposal noticeable +- a certain improvements threshold. of our
benchmark
To even more
criteria,
precise
compared
in the generation
to the initial
of output
“Syntheseplan”
data, we decided
designs.
to normalize
Especially
the resulted
in clusters
PV production
01 and 02
by the built volume in order to avoid bigger effects of bigger volumes. After running simulations on several
there To be is even a clear more tendency precise in of the the generation optimization of output algorithm data, we to decided increase to the normalize height the in the resulted north PV and production decrease
clusters we managed to get for all of them noticeable improvements of our benchmark criteria, compared to the
it by in the built south volume while keeping order to the avoid volume bigger in effects the required of bigger range. volumes. Cluster After 03 running shows simulations a more unpredictable
on several
initial “Syntheseplan” designs. Especially in clusters 01 and 02 there is a clear tendency of the optimization
behaviour clusters we managed to get for all of them noticeable improvements of our benchmark criteria, compared to the
algorithm to probably increase because the height of in the the high north amount and decrease of parameters it in the it south had to while adjust. keeping the volume in the
initial “Syntheseplan” designs. Especially in clusters 01 and 02 there is a clear tendency of the optimization
required range. Cluster 03 shows a more unpredictable behaviour probably because of the high amount of
The algorithm optimization to increase study the shows height some in the main north methods and decrease how it solar in the gain south can while be optimised. keeping the However, volume in these
parameters it had to adjust.
kind required of analysis range. Cluster have to 03 be shows viewed a more with unpredictable caution, for they behaviour can distort probably the view because on the of the quality high of amount a building. of
parameters
very clear
it had
and
to adjust.
The optimization study quantifiable shows some results main can methods shadow how other solar gain aspects can be that optimized. have to However, be taken these into kind account of
but analysis are have not easily to be viewed to be with grasped. caution, Even for they more, can the distort numbers the view generated on the quality can of have a building. a strong The very impact clear on
The optimization study shows some main methods how solar gain can be optimized. However, these kind of
decision and quantifiable makers results that are can not shadow necessarily other aspects architecturally that have gifted to be and taken lead into to account planning but decisions are not easily that to hinder be
analysis have to be viewed with caution, for they can distort the view on the quality of a building. The very clear
architecturally grasped. Even
and quantifiable valuable more, the
results can projects numbers
shadow from generated
other being aspects built. can have a strong impact on decision makers that are not
that have to be taken into account but are not easily to be
necessarily architecturally gifted and lead to planning decisions that hinder architecturally valuable projects
grasped. Even more, the numbers generated can have a strong impact on decision makers that are not
from being built.
necessarily architecturally gifted and lead to planning decisions that hinder architecturally valuable projects
from being built.
PV energy PV / V
ter ni PV enerrgy ni PV / V ri PV energy ri PV / V improvement improvement
PV energy PV / V
# MWh kWh / m3 MWh kWh / m3 % %
ter ni PV enerrgy ni PV / V ri PV energy ri PV / V improvement improvement
# MWh kWh / m3 MWh kWh / m3 % %
1 2,120 5.486 2,260 5.88 6.603773585 7.18
2 1,850 6.547 2,080 7.55 12.43243243 15.32
1 2,120 5.486 2,260 5.88 6.603773585 7.18
3 1,210 5.236 1,690 8.044 39.66942149 53.63
2 1,850 6.547 2,080 7.55 12.43243243 15.32
3 1,210 5.236 1,690 8.044 39.66942149 53.63
Original Design, Cluster 01
Original Design, Cluster 01
Original Design, Cluster 01
9/13
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation 73
9/13

Optimization Cluster 01 - pv / V = 5.079
Initial Cluster 01 - pv / V = 5.486
Optimization Cluster 01 -
Optimization Cluster 02 - pv / V = 6.586 Optimization Cluster 02 -
Initial Cluster 02 - pv / V = 6.547
Optimization Cluster 03 -Initial Situation Optimization Cluster 03 -
Initial Cluster 03 - pv / V = 5.236
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
74
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
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iA Architecture

Optimization Cluster 01 - pv / V = 5.580 Optimization Cluster 01 -
Optimization Cluster 02 - pv / V = 6.941 Optimization Cluster 02 -
Optimization Cluster 03 - pv / V = 7.310 Optimization Cluster 03 -
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
75

Optimization Cluster 01 - pv / V = 5.881
Optimization Cluster 02 - pv / V = 7.554
Optimization Cluster 03 - pv / V = 8.044
10/13
76
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
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Shadow analysis of Sternwarte Plaza
Shadow analysis of Sternwarte Plaza
Shadow analysis of Sternwarte Plaza
We identified the place around the Sternwarte to be suitable as a central plaza especially because its
connection to the new quarter boulevard and its position between the 3 main actors of the HQ. As the
quarter is already We identified quite dense the place and the around buildings the Sternwarte are usually to very be suitable high, there as a central are not plaza many especially sunny places because its co
for pedestrians We to the to identified sit, new except quarter the Polyterasse. place boulevard around and Because the its Sternwarte position of the between to normal suitable the configuration 3 main as a central actors of streets of plaza the HQ. especially and As buildings, the because quarter is its alre co
it happens that to dense the new and sunniest quarter the buildings places boulevard are usually and its position in very the high, middle between there of are the a street, not 3 main many which actors sunny is of unfortunate. the places HQ. As the pedestrians Plazas quarter is to alres
however are dense Polyterasse. places and where the Because the buildings normal of the are normal relation usually configuration between very high, street there of streets (as are the not and space many buildings, for sunny moving) it happens places and for that buildings pedestrians the sunniest to s
turns around. Polyterasse. usually The spaces in the Because of middle movement of of the a normal street, come which configuration very close is unfortunate. to of the streets buildings Plazas and buildings, and however the sunny it are happens places centre that where remains the the sunniest norma
open for pedestrians. usually between in street the middle (as the space of a street, for moving) which and is unfortunate. buildings turns Plazas around. however The spaces are places of movement where the come norma ve
between the buildings street and (as the sunny space centre for moving) remains and open buildings for pedestrians. turns around. The spaces of movement come ve
In our analysis the we buildings use again and the the optimization sunny centre tool remains Galapagos open for to find pedestrians. the best geometries for the buildings
surrounding the In our “Sternwarte analysis we Plaza” use again order the to optimization minimize the tool shadowing. Galapagos We to measure find the the best shadow geometries effect for the
on the day of
In surrounding summer
our analysis
solstice the we “Sternwarte use
(21
again
June) Plaza” the
and in optimization
try order to to minimize minimize tool
the
Galapagos the area shadowing. of
to
the
find
plaza We the measure perimeter
best geometries the shadow that is
for effect the o
affected during
surrounding of summer an entire solstice day.
the “Sternwarte
From (21 June) the results
Plaza” and try we
in to order
can minimize see
to minimize
a result the area that
the of shadowing.
does the plaza not necessarily perimeter We measure that surprise:
the affected shadow
the
effect duringo
of day. summer From the solstice results (21 we June) can and see try a result to minimize that does the not area necessarily of the plaza surprise: perimeter the that buildings is affected adjacent during
buildings adjacent to the plaza become lower as the shaded area becomes smaller. Although this could to
day. become From lower the results as the we shaded can see area a result becomes that smaller. does not Although necessarily this surprise: could have the buildings easily been adjacent evaluate to
have easily been evaluated by any designer without digital aids, the benefit of using parametric methods
become designer lower without as digital the shaded aids, the area benefit becomes of using smaller. parametric Although methods this could is that have multiple easily solutions been evaluate
is that multiple solutions can be generated very fast while taking into account multiple restrictions (in our
can be g
designer very fast while without taking digital into aids, account the benefit multiple of using restrictions parametric (in our methods case shadow is that area multiple and solutions volume). can In a be cong
case shadow area and volume). In a conventional design process, every volume decrease in one part
very design fast process, while taking every volume into account decrease multiple in one restrictions part of a building (in our case has to shadow be manually area and compensated volume). In a by con ad
of a building has to be manually compensated by adding that volume in another part, which for more
design volume process, in another every part, volume which decrease for more in one complex part of geometries a building and has to multiple be manually conditions compensated can become by ad
complex geometries
volume intensive. in
and
another
multiple
part,
conditions
which for
can
more
become
complex
very
geometries
time intensive.
and multiple conditions can become
intensive.
Initial design, perspe
Initial design, perspe
Initial design, perspective
Improved design, pe
Improved design, pe
Improved design, perspective
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
77

ion
ite
ept
are
ion
to
gs
ay
tire
aza
ny
ted
nal
hat
me
Sternwarte Plaza, shadow optimization - A=3685 m2
A=3412 m2
A=3885 m2
A=3679 m2
ve
Initial design, ground floor plan, A = 5600 m2
Improved design, ground floor plan, A = 2679 m2
11/13
78
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Radiation analysis
The radiation analysis tool provided by the Ladybug plug-in is a good base for a small scale project,
Radiation
but for a study Analysis
on quarter level, the script has shown his limits. The main problem we identified is that
the use of Breps as input geometries uses an internal mesh generator of the script which adds to the
The radiation analysis tool provided by the Ladybug plugin is a good base for a small scale project, but for a study
RAM consumption and reduces the power of the solar radiation calculator. Moreover, the script seems
on quarter level, the script has shown his limits. The main problem we identified is that the use of Breps as input
to have trouble with surfaces that are not connected to closed volumes and created blank faces where
geometries uses an internal mesh generator of the script which adds to the RAM consumption and reduces the
power
normal of
vectors the solar
show radiation
in the calculator.
wrong Moreover,
direction. the
To script
avoid seems
these to
problems, have trouble
we with
created surfaces
our that
own are
mesh
not
connected generator to where closed we volumes take Breps and created as input blank and faces generate where a normal predominantly vectors show rectangular in the wrong mesh direction. of a specified
To avoid
these resolution. problems, If needed, we created the our mesh own is mesh unified generator and flipped where we in take order Breps to perfectly as input and function generate with a predominantly
the ladybug
rectangular script. Very mesh large of areas a specified had resolution. to be split If needed, into multiple the mesh clusters is unified that and where flipped simulated in order to with perfectly surrounding
function
with context.
the ladybug script. Very large areas had to be split into multiple clusters that where simulated with
surrounding context.
Op
The
“gen
sha
The
to k
floo
(up
volu
If it
rad
sen
Ladybug component enhanced by separate mesh generator
Ladybug component enhanced by separate mesh generator
Smaller clusters for better performance
Smaller clusters for better performance
PV Potential Analysis
PV Potential Analysis
The PV potential analysis part takes as input the analysis mesh and the radiation results from ladybug and generates
The from PV potential these two analysis lists, together part takes with as the input indicated the analysis threshold mesh and and PV efficiency, the radiation the results achievable from PV ladybug production and
and generates the geometry from these of two PV eligible lists, together area. with the indicated threshold and PV efficiency, the achievable
PV production and the geometry of the PV eligible area.
ge
PotentialEvaluator
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
79

Optimization Components
Optimization Components
The optimization is done with the help of Galapagos which takes as input a “fitness function” and
adjusts a list of “genomes” in order to minimize or maximize the “fitness function”. As fitness function
project, we Optimization but defined for a study either PV The Components
/ V optimization or shaded area. is done with the help of Galapagos which takes as input a “fitness function” a
e use of Breps as input “genomes” in order to minimize or maximize the “fitness function”. As fitness function we defin
dy ption and The reduces optimization main part the of is done these shaded with feature area. the help is the of Galapagos geometryGenerator, which takes which as input takes a “fitness as input function” a fixed and geometry adjusts a list of
ut surfaces (parts “genomes” that we are want in not order to to keep minimize constant), or maximize a variable the “fitness geometry function”. (geometry As fitness to optimize), function we the defined list of genomes either PV / V or
he ong direction. (representing shaded To area. avoid the number The main of floors), part of these height feature of is a the floor, geometryGenerator, the original geometry which (for takes benchmarking as input a fixed the geome
ot erate a generated predominantly volume) and to keep two constant), thresholds a (upper variable and geometry lower bounds (geometry of acceptable to optimize), volume the list deviation). of genomes In the (represent
er id to perfectly geometryGenerator The main function part of these floors), component, feature the is height the a set geometryGenerator, of of a floor, volumes the original are generated which geometry takes according as (for input benchmarking to a fixed the genome geometry the generated list (parts and the we volume) want a
tly where resulted to simulated keep constant), volume with is a compared variable (upper and geometry to lower the original (geometry bounds design. of to acceptable optimize), If it has volume an the acceptable list of deviation). genomes deviation In (representing the from geometryGenerator the the original number of com
on volume, floors), the the height geometry of volumes a floor, is sent the are original further generated to geometry the according Ladybug (for benchmarking to solar the genome radiation the list tool, generated and else, the resulted no volume) data volume is and transferred. two is compared thresholds to t
ith This (upper first and condition lower bounds for If it the has of geometry an acceptable is very volume deviation important deviation). from in order the In original the not geometryGenerator to volume, send all the geometries geometry component, to is the sent solar further a set of to
radiation volumes are component generated radiation which according usually tool, to else, the needs genome data lots of is list transferred. resources and the resulted and This time. first volume condition is compared for the geometry to the original is very design. importa
If it has an acceptable send deviation all geometries from the to the original solar volume, radiation the component geometry which is sent usually further needs to the lots Ladybug of resources solar an
radiation tool, else, no data is transferred. This first condition for the geometry is very important in order not to
send all geometries to the solar radiation component which usually needs lots of resources and time.
ter performance
geometryGenerator
m ladybug and generievable
PV geometryGenerator
production
eron
80
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Chair of
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12/13

Conclusions and future perspectives
The architectural design becomes more and more difficult as the design tasks evolve from the building
scale to the urban scale. The situation is made even more difficult by the ever increasing number of
norms, regulations and energetic, environments, political and economic factors that need to be taken
into account. The analogic design of the past generations is a method that became too slow for the
current speed of design and construction. Manpower becomes also gradually more expensive and
scarce. The digital and parametric design tools offer the architects and planners the possibility to
analyse and handle large numbers of design factors with minimal time investment. The rapid generation
of design variants with the help of optimization algorithms allows to quickly recognize the boundaries of
the design freedom and complex relationships between geometry and physical parameters.
The problem of digital analysis remains the scale. These tools are usually very good for small scales,
where data is processed fast and the accuracy of the results can be estimated by an experienced user.
However, once you go on urban scale things get very complicated, data need long time periods for
processing, the computational power required grows and the results are difficult to interpret.
In order to handle the complexities of the digital analysis on urban scale, a good and stable workflow
needs to be implemented in order to optimise resource requirements. Moreover, it is crucial to decide
on few and precisely formulated outputs that can be compared and evaluated by the user. Generating
large amounts of complex data only leads to more trouble than it actually could solve.
In our specific case we see multiple future perspectives for improving our analysis and designing
process. Besides optimising the input geometry and the resolution of analysis, we could think about
improving the optimization criteria and debate about what it really says and how meaningful it is for
design benchmarking. For example, setting as optimization criteria (PV / PV area), we could evaluate
the economic efficiency of the solar cells. By comparing the (radiation / envelope area) we could get an
indication about the thermal performance of the buildings (total gains / total losses).
Finally, the digital and parametric design tools open to the architects and planners numerous new design
possibilities and methods, but they still have the limitation of not being able to measure architectural
quality and “beauty”. In the end, there is still the need for experienced planners that know how to
handle these tools and apply them in a conscious way, avoiding to use them as tools of manipulating
decision makers.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
81

Bahnhof Stadelhofen
Student: Natalia Daukszewicz & Philippe Blarer

Summary:
We analysed the train station Stadelhofen. It is situated in the north of the Stadelhoferplatz which is
directly connected to Sechseläutenplatz, one of the largest squares in Zürich. This park complex is also
one of the most representative in the city. Even the public train station building seems to be connected
to this area - but its front appears to be plainly functional. Due to the location of parking spaces for cars
and bicycles just in front of the building, it seems to be losing its ’’public face’’.
There are plans to extend the existing station by the 4th track. While the location of the track is yet to
be decided, we took the liberty to analyse the current urban and building situation and deal with its
constraints within possible means.
Motivation:
On one hand, we have a paved Sechseläutenplatz that opens to the Zürich Lake. It is perfectly designed
for people gatherings. One should not forget though, that it used to be a green park before. It has been
not so long ago, when the trees have been removed and the character of the whole place has been
dramatically changed. Then there is a Stadelhoferplatz, green, covered with large trees and water
fountains. It gives shadow and relief in summer but it also completely blocks the view between Zürich
Lake and the head building of the Stadelhofen Bahnhof. And then there is the train station itself. With
all its side entrances, hidden between the other buildings, cars and bicycles, only “unwillingly” opening
itself to the visitors.
In the design project we argue that the area in front of the train station should become more open
and connected to Stadelhoferplatz. Therefore we suggest the removal of the car and bicycles parking
lots and its replacement with trees and another pavement surface tin order to create an emotional
connection with the park across the street. The building itself should also be able to activate the space
in front oft it. It becomes necessary to rearrange the ground floor.
The analyses should show the underlying phenomena that prevent the Stadtelhoferpark to become a
functional public space. They should also be understood as a further argumentation of a project. They
also remain open to interpretations, hinting at decisions.
Digital Urban Simulation | Bahnhof Stadelhofen
84
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Project (building Project level): (building level):
-2 now
-2 now
GF now
GF now
GF projectGF project
-2 project-2
project
Digital Urban Digital Simulation Urban Simulation | Bahnhof | Bahnhof Stadelhofen Stadelhofen
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-2 now
-2 project
3 / 13
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The map shows up the potential of urban development for the Stadelhoferplatz.
The Theaterstrasse is the most connected street which correspond to the
predominant situation. The street is crossing the two public parks. The parks
do also show high connectivity and integration. This indicates a little contradiction:
The Stadelhoferplatz is well integrated but the analysis does not
feature Analysis 1 (City this level as / a axial quality. map - integration): It suggest, that it is more a transition zone than a
representative space with high quality potential.
The map shows up the potential of urban development for the Stadelhoferplatz.
The Theaterstrasse is the most connected street which correspond to the predominant situation. The street is
crossing the two public parks. The parks do also show high connectivity and integretion. This indicates a little
contradiciton: The Stadelhoferplatz is well integrated but the analysis does not feature this as a quality. It suggest,
that it is more a transition zone than a representative space with high quality potential.
Analysis 2 (City level / axia
Digital Analysis Urban 1 (City level Simulation / axial map | - Bahnhof integration): Stadelhofen
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Analysis 2 (City level / axial map - connectivity):
nt situation. The street is
tion. This indicates a little
re this as a quality. It sugtential.
Analysis 2 (City level / axial map - connectivity):
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89

This map shows up the hi
Stadelhoferplatz. Most vis
that attract people and ac
ity analysis, combining it w
The visibility map that an
nected.
The disadvantage of the v
train station that prevents
Analysis 3 (City level / visibility map map - - connectivity):
Analysis 3 (City level / visib
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Analysis 3 (City level / visibility map - connectivity):
This map shows up the highest visibility at the Sechseläutenplatz. It also
shows the visual connection with the Stadelhoferplatz. Most visible are the
facades on the east side oft the Stadtelhoferplatz. These may be places that
This map shows up the highest visibility at the Sechseläutenplatz. It also shows the visual connection with the
Stadelhoferplatz.
attract people
Most
and
visible
activate
are the facades
the Stadelhoferplatz,
on the east side oft the Stadtelhoferplatz.
like coffee shops
These may
or restaurants.
attract Profiting people and from activate this the Stadelhoferplatz, visibility analysis, like coffee combining shops or restaurants. it with Profiting integration from this visibil-
and
be places
that
ity analysis, combining it with integration and choice, it hints a possibilty for intervention.
choice, it hints a possibility for intervention.
The visibility map that analised the Stadelhoferplatz shows that the one of its corners seems to be more connected.
The disadvantage visibility of map the visibility that analysed map analysis the is that Stadelhoferplatz we have to neglect the shows tarrain. There’s that a the hill behind one the of
train station that prevents the analysis the coverage of the part behind the station .
its corners seems to be more connected. The disadvantage of the visibility
map analysis is that we have to neglect the terrain. There’s a hill behind the
train station that prevents the analysis the coverage of the part behind 5 the / 13
station .
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Analysis 4 (City level / convex / map - integration):
- Analysis 4 (City level/ co
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Analysis 4 (City level/ convex map - - connectivity):
6 / 13
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Analysis 5 (Building level GF now / convex map - connectivity):
Analysis 5 (Building level G
Analysis 6 (Building level GF now / convex map - integration):
Analysis 6 (Building level G
Analysis 7 (Building level GF now / convex map - choice):
Analysis 7 (Building level G
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Analysis 5 (Building level GF project/ convex map - connectivity):
Analysis 6 (Building level GF project/ convex map - integration):
Analysis 7 (Building level GF project / convex map - choice):
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Analysis 8 (Building level GF now / isovist map - connectivity):
Analysis 8 (Building level G
The existing building is symmetrical, so the entrance hall in the middle is the most integrated. The side volumes
on the left and right include private rooms that serve the passerbys The integration is increasing to the sides.
The central hall shows, as expected, the highest connectivity and choice.
Analysis 8 (Building level GF project / isovist map - connectivity):
The project aim is to activate the public space inside. That should open the space in front of the building. The
staircase and serving rooms have been moved to the back and sides oft he building. The public space seems
to be the most integrated and accessible while the serving rooms are less integrated and connected. The staff
area is connected through the public space but they are also connected with each other, while before they were
more seperated. So the connectivity increases after changes.
The visibility map of the old groundfloor shows the highest visibility at the entrence hall. The staff area is separated
and does not exhibit visual connections.
The new groundfloor offers a new visual axis running through the building. The main hall is open and all spaces
are visbile from it. The public spaces ond the left and right are less visible. They include coffe tables for visitors,
so people walking through the main hall to the stairecases will not disturbe the visitors.
grated. The side volumes
increasing to the sides.
front of the building. The
. The public space seems
and connected. The staff
er, while before they were
all. The staff area is separhall
is open and all spaces
e coffe tables for visitors,
rs.
The existing building is symmetrical, so the entrance hall in the middle is the
most integrated. The side volumes on the left and right include private rooms
that serve the passersby The integration is increasing to the sides. The central
hall shows, as expected, the highest connectivity and choice.
The project aim is to activate the public space inside. That should open the
Digital
space
Urban
in front
Simulation
of the
|
building.
Bahnhof Stadelhofen
The staircase and serving rooms have been
moved to the back and sides oft he building. The public space seems to be
the most integrated and accessible while the serving rooms are less integrated
and connected. The staff area is connected through the public space
but they are also connected with each other, while before they were more
separated. So the connectivity increases after changes.
The visibility map of the old ground floor shows the highest visibility at the
entrance hall. The staff area is separated and does not exhibit visual connections.
The new ground floor offers a new visual axis running through the building.
The main hall is open and all spaces are visible from it. The public spaces
and the left and right are less visible. They include coffee tables for visitors,
so people walking through the main hall to the staircases will not disturb the
8 / 13
visitors.
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vel -2 now Analysis / convex 9 map (Building - connectivity):
level -2 now / convex map - connectivity):
ilding level Analysis -2 now / 9 convex (Building map level - connectivity):
-2 now / convex map - connectivity):
Analysis 9 (Building level -2 project Analysis / convex 9 (Building map - connectivity):
level -2 project / convex m
Analysis 9 (Building level Analysis -2 project 9 (Building / convex level map -2 - connectivity):
project / convex map - connect
uilding level Analysis -2 now 10 / convex (Building map level - integration):
-2 now / convex map - integration):
level -2 now Analysis / convex 10 map (Building - integration):
level -2 now / convex map - integration):
Analysis 10 (Building level Analysis -2 project 10 (Building / convex level map -2 - integration):
project / convex map - integra
Analysis 10 (Building level -2 project Analysis / convex 10 (Building map - integration):
level -2 project / convex
uilding level Analysis GF now 11 / convex (Building map level - choice): GF now / convex map - choice):
level GF now Analysis / convex 11 (Building map - choice):
level GF now / convex map - choice):
Analysis 11 (Building level Analysis GF project 11 (Building / convex level map GF - choice): project / convex map - choice
Analysis 11 (Building level GF project Analysis / convex 11 (Building map - choice):
level GF project / conve
n Simulation Digital | Bahnhof Urban Simulation Stadelhofen | Bahnhof Stadelhofen
lation | Digital Bahnhof Urban Stadelhofen
Simulation | Bahnhof Stadelhofen
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Analysis 12 (Building level -2 now / isovist map - connectivity):
Analysis 12 (Building level -2 pr
Analysis 12 (Building level -2 project / isovist map - connectivity):
The main floor is as expected the most integrated and also shows up the highest choice. All stores are directly
accessible through the main passage. The stores are on both sides of the passage and are only connected to
each other through this passage. The storages at the back of the stores are the areas that are least integrated.
In the new situation there are three new staircases leading downstairs to the new platform. They should be
good connected, so they are also placed next to main floor. They show the same integration and connectivity
to the stores.
The most visible and connected part of the underground floor is the intersection of the main floor and the axis
where the staircase is leading down from ground level to the underground. The main floor shows some peaks at
the store and staircase entrances. The difficulty was to deal with the stores, espcecially in Coop. There is a large
space but it is not really visibly conected because of the shelfs etc.
While designing the retail areas, it became clear that the investor wishes to locate some of the most important
infrastructure (such as info points of cash registers) in the back of the complex. This would mean for the visitor,
that these areas are not well integrated but it would force them to pass the shops on the way to it.
st choice. All stores are directly
age and are only connected to
areas that are least integrated.
The main floor is as expected the most integrated and also shows up the highest choice. All stores are
directly accessible through the main passage. The stores are on both sides of the passage and are only
connected to each other through this passage. The storages at the back of the stores are the areas
that are least integrated.
new platform. They should be
e integration and connectivity
n of the main floor and the axis
ain floor shows some peaks at
ecially in Coop. There is a large
In the new situation there are three new staircases leading downstairs to the new platform. They should
be good connected, so they are also placed next to main floor. They show the same integration and
connectivity to the stores. The most visible and connected part of the underground floor is the intersection
of the main floor and the axis where the staircase is leading down from ground level to the underground.
The main floor shows some peaks at the store and staircase entrances. The difficulty was
to deal with the stores, especially in Coop. There is a large space but it is not really visibly connected
because of the shelves etc.
te some of the most important
This would mean for the visitor,
s on the way to it.
Digital Urban Simulation | Bahnhof Stadelhofen
While designing the retail areas, it became clear that the investor wishes to locate some of the most
important infrastructure (such as info points of cash registers) in the back of the complex. This would
10 / 13
mean for the visitor, that these areas are not well integrated but it would force them to pass the shops
on the way to it.
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Analysis 13 (City level / shadow range summer solstice):
Analysis 13 (City level / shad
21. June
range 08:00 - 18:00
no trees
21. June
range 08:00 - 18:00
additional trees
21. June
08:00
no trees
21. June
08:00
additional trees
21. June
12:00
no trees
21. June
12:00
additional trees
21. June
18:00
no trees
21. June
18:00
additional trees
Digital Urban Simulation | Bahnhof Stadelhofen
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Analysis 13 (City level / shadow range winter solstice):
21. June
range 08:00 - 18:00
additional trees
21. December
range 08:00 - 18:00
no trees
21. December
range 08:00 - 18:00
additional trees
21. June
08:00
additional trees
21. December
08:00
no trees
21. December
08:00
additional trees
21. June
12:00
additional trees
21. December
12:00
no trees
21. December
12:00
additional trees
21. June
18:00
additional trees
21. December
18:00
no trees
21. December
18:00
additional trees
11 / 13
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Analysis 14 (City level / solar radiation analysis - no trees):
Analysis 14 (City level / solar radiation analysis - no trees):
Analysis 14 (City level / solar radiation analysis - addition
s):
Since the discussion whether to keep or remove the trees at Stadelhoferplatz emerged, we decided to investigate
Analysis both scenarios. 14 (City level / solar radiation analysis - additional trees):
One
Analysis
can clearly
14 (City
see,
level
in both
/ solar
shadow
radiation
range
analysis
and solar
- additional
radiation
trees):
analysis, that after removing the trees, the square
becomes exposed to the sun radiation for almost whole day, especially in wam periods of the year. This would
definitely lead to the increase of the temeprature in this area and contribute to the phenomenon of heat islands
in the city. However, there is a possibility for the hot air to get cooled down due to the impact of the lake, which
none of the above analysis were able to incorporate.
Digital Urban Simulation | Bahnhof Stadelhofen
es at Stadelhoferplatz emerged, we decided to investigiation
analysis, that after removing the trees, the square
e day, especially in wam periods of the year. This would
area and contribute to the phenomenon of heat islands
o get cooled down due to the impact of the lake, which
Since the discussion whether to keep or remove the trees at Stadelhoferplatz emerged, we decided
to investigate both scenarios. One can clearly see, in both shadow range and solar radiation analysis,
that after removing the trees, the square becomes exposed to the sun radiation for almost whole day,
especially in warm periods of the year. This would definitely lead to the increase of the temperature in
this area and contribute to the phenomenon of heat islands in the city. However, there is a possibility
for the hot air to get cooled down due to the impact of the lake, which none of the above analysis were
able to incorporate.
n 12 / 13
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101

Conclusions:
Improving the existing urban situation is always difficult. One should always
ask him- or herself where to start and end with analysis and suggestions.
In this case there is a conflict between open Sechseläutenplatz and closed
Stadelhoferplatz. To remove the trees from the latter would improve the visibility
but it would also destroy the local feeling of Stadelhoferplatz, that we
now have. In this case, the design process requires the rethinking of connectivity
and visual links.
Also the redesigning of the existing train station, given the investor’s needs,
cannot entirely rely on common knowledge , even if it is backed-up by simulations.
The above analyses are by far no guidelines to follow but they manage to
indicate zones for intervention and highlight the areas for improvement.
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Zurich - Historic City & City Blocks
Student: Ricardo Joss

Zurich - Historic City & City Blocks
Final Examination
Name: Ricardo Joss
Date: 28. November 2015
Zurich, Map of Roads, Connectivity Analysis, Radius @ 800m
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Zoom in: Zurich, Historic City
Zoom in: Zurich, Historic City
Zoom in: Zurich, City Blocks area
Zoom in: Zurich, City Blocks area
Summary
Summary
The focus in this examination is on analyzing this two different city typologies on different scales and
The
with
focus
different
in this
tools.
examination
How do the
is on
geometrical
analysing
properties
this two different
of those
city
two
typologies
centers compere
on different
to each
scales
other?
and
with street
different
network
tools.
analysis
How do
rendered
the geometrical
two pedestrian
properties
centers
of those
in Zurich.
two centres
Both will
compere
be compared
to each
using
other?
the
A
same
street
tools.
network
The
analysis
sites are
rendered
analyzed
two
on
pedestrian
connectivity,
centres
compactness,
in Zurich.
minimal
Both will
and
be
maximal
compared
radii.
using
Three
the
same
chosen
tools.
points
The
each
sites
are
are
analyzed
analyzed
with
on
2D
connectivity,
and 3D isovists.
compactness, minimal and maximal radii. Three
chosen points each are analyzed with 2D and 3D isovists.
Motivation
Motivation
The map on the left shows a connectivity analysis of the streets of Zurich. The Radius is set at 800
meters, because this is a crucial distance for pedestrians. It’s roughly the distance of a 10 minutes
The
walk
map
or a
on
distance
the left
of
shows
two bus
a connectivity
stops. Distances
analysis
longer
of the
than
streets
this are
of
more
Zurich.
likely
The
to
Radius
be traveled
is set
by
at
bike
800
meters,
or motorized
because
vehicles.
this is a crucial distance for pedestrians. It’s roughly the distance of a 10 minutes walk
or
The
a distance
map renders
of two
two
bus
centers.
stops.
The
Distances
red one
longer
is at the
than
historic
this are
city
more
of Zurich,
likely to
the
be
orange
travelled
one
by
is
bike
at the
or
motorized
Kalkbreite
vehicles.
area which is typically built with city blocks.
The structure, mainly the streets and squares of the historic city emerged from the year 800 on. The
The
city block
map renders
structure
two
came
centres.
roughly
The
1000
red
years
one is
later
at the
and
historic
was planned
city of
in
Zurich,
the time
the
expansion
orange one
due
is
to
at
the
the
Kalkbreite
industrial revolution.
area which is typically built with city blocks. The structure, mainly the streets and squares of
the historic city emerged from the year 800 on. The city block structure came roughly 1000 years later
and was planned in the time expansion due to the industrial revolution.
1/5
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5
Blackmap of historic city (St. Peter area) and city blocks (around Idaplatz)
Blackmap of historic city (St. Peter area) and city blocks (around Idaplatz)
Isovist Compactness Analysis, Grid Analysis, 3 meters
Grid 3 meters
500m
500m
Analysis and and Interpretation - Blackmap - Blackmap and Compactness
and Compactness
The blackmap already shows that the density of the historic city is much higher. Also the regularity
The and blackmap wideness of already the streets shows are that very the different. density of The the historic city city has is much two big higher. axis, one Also the right regularity the Limmat
River of and the on streets the left are the very Bahnhofstrasse. different. The The historic site around city has Idaplatz two big is axis, much one more the homogeneous.
right the Limmat
and
wideness River The streets and on have the more left the or Bahnhofstrasse. les the same size The and site there around is mainly Idaplatz just one is much building more typology, homogeneous. the city The
streets block with have it’s more courtyard. or less the same size and there is mainly just one building typology, the city block
with The most it’s courtyard.
compact places are in both sites always the empty courtyards of the city blocks. The most
interesting aspect is the compactness of the street spaces in the historic city. The narrow streets,
The niches, most pockets compact and places squares form in both more sites compact always the spaces empty than courtyards the long axis of the of city the blocks. streets The in the most city interesting
block area. aspect is the compactness of the street spaces in the historic city. The narrow streets, niches,
pockets and squares form more compact spaces than the long axis of the streets in the city block area.
5
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Isovist Maximal Radius Radius Analysis, Grid Analysis, 3 meters
Grid 3 meters
500m
00m
Isovist Minimal Radius Radius Analysis, Grid Analysis, 3 meters
Grid 3 meters
00m
500m
Analysis and Interpretation - Maximal Radius and Minimal Radius
Analysis and Interpretation - Maximal Radius and Minimal Radius
The maximal radius analysis emphasizes the long axis in both maps. The left map has, since the river
is The not maximal analyzed, radius just analysis one dominant emphasizes axis which the long is the axis Bahnhofstrasse in both maps. and The a left not map very has, dominant since the area river is
right not analyzed, to the river.The just one historic dominant city has axis no which highlighted is the Bahnhofstrasse areas at all. The and city a not block very area dominant has several area almost right to
equally the river. dominant The historic axis city and has most no of highlighted the streets areas part at all. of The them. city block area has several almost equally
The dominant minimal axis radius and most analysis of the renders streets a good are part image of them.
of size of a place. The street widths in the historic
city vary much more than in the city block area. The larges area is clearly at the Lindenhof. The
city The block minimal area radius is more analysis homogenous, renders a very good often image the of streets the size have of a the place. same The width street as widths the inner the courtyards.
city vary A much football more field than on the in top the left city is block the largest area. The place. largest area is clearly at the Lindenhof. The city
historic
block area is more homogenous, very often the streets have the same width as the inner courtyards. A
football field on the top left is the largest place.
2/5
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109

IMAGE
Zurich, Bahnhofstrasse, St. Peter Platz, Visual Connectivity Analysis, Grid 2 meters
Zurich, Bahnhofstrasse, St. Peter Platz, Visual Connectivity Analysis, Grid 2 meters
Historic City - Analysis and Interpretation
Historic The most City connected - Analysis nodes and Interpretation
are all situated on the Bahnhofstrasse and marked in red and orange.
Larger squares in green and cyan tones. Due to de small and narrow spaces, all the streets and
The smaller most squers connected of the historic nodes are city all are situated rendered on in the light Bahnhofstrasse and dark blue. and marked in red and orange.
Larger It shows squares clearly in that green relatively and cyan to the tones. newer Due streets to de built small for and cars narrow and tramways, spaces, all the historic streets city and is smaller visually
less of connected. the historic The city need are rendered of cars for in wider light and roads dark and blue. better It overview shows clearly is reflected that relatively in this analy-
to the
squares
500m
newer sis. streets built for cars and tramways, the historic city is visually less connected. The need of cars
for wider roads and better overview is reflected in this analysis.
Digital Urban Simulation | Zurich - Historic City & City Blocks
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Zurich, Idaplatz, Visual Connectivity Analysis, Grid 2 meters
Zurich, Idaplatz, Visual Connectivity Analysis, Grid 2 meters
City Blocks - Analysis and Interpretation
City The Blocks highest - visual Analysis connectivity and Interpretation is the intersection of larger roads. The wider the road, the higher
it‘s connectivtiy at the intersection. Also smaller roads render a reletively higher connectivity at their
The intersection. highest visual Also very connectivity clearly visible at the is one intersection of the driving of larger ideas roads. of the The city wider block. the It has road, a public the higher outer it‘s
connectivity facade, defining at the the intersection. public space Also and smaller the streets. roads But render also a the relatively private higher inner facade, connectivity which at this their analysis
renders Also always very clearly in blue visible colors, is even one of if the driving courtyard ideas is partially of the city open block. towards It has the a public street. outer facade,
intersection.
defining the public space and the streets. But also the private inner facade, which this analysis renders
always in blue colours, even if the courtyard is partially open towards the street.
3/5
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111

Scale 1:3‘000 Scale 1:3‘000
Scale 1:5‘000 Scale 1:5‘000
Thermengasse Thermengasse
Idastrasse Idastrasse
Robert-Walser-Gasse Robert-Walser-Gasse
Idaplatz Middle Idaplatz Middle
St. Peter
St. Peter
St. Peter-Platz St. Peter-Platz
Idaplatz Junction Idaplatz Junction
Digital Urban Digital Simulation Urban Simulation | Zurich - | Historic Zurich City - Historic & City Blocks City & City Blocks
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Area [m²]
Perimeter [m]
40000
34406
30000
20000
10000
0
6918
5128
3658
60 66 209 162
2221
282
606
737
Thermengasse Robert-Walser-Gasse St. Peter Idastrasse Idaplatz-Mitte Idaplatz-Kreuzung
Compactness
Ratio: Min / Max Length
60 %
59 %
"2
45 %
42 %
42 %
40 %
30 %
32 %
15 %
20 %
18 %
12 %
0 %
8 %
6 %
4 %
3 %
Thermengasse Robert-Walser-Gasse St. Peter Idastrasse Idaplatz-Mitte Idaplatz-Kreuzung
Analysis Analysis and Interpretation and Interpretation - 2D Isovists, - 2D Isovists, from small from to small medium to medium to large to large
"3
I chose six points, three on each map, to analyze with 2D and 3D Isovists (see next page). In absolute
I chose measures, six points, even three the largest on each site map, of the to historic analyse city with was 2D smaller and 3D than Isovists the smallest (see next of the page). city In block absolute area.
measures, The largest even place the largest of the historic site of the city, historic the St. Peter-Platz city was smaller is much than more the compact smallest than of the the city largest block area area.
The in largest the city place block. of The the historic smalles city, places the are St. by Peterplatz far found is in much the historic more city. compact Large sites than with the largest a long view area in
the city
and
block.
low compactness
The smallest
are
places
found
are
in the
by
city
far found
block area.
in the historic city. Large sites with a long view and
low
Compactness
compactness
is
are
calculated
found in the
as ratio
city
between
block area.
the
Compactness
acutal perimeter
is calculated
and the smallest
as ratio
possible
between
perimeter
the actual
perimeter and the smallest possible perimeter for an area of the same size. The Min / Max Length
for an area of the same size. The Min / Max Lenght value compares the ratio form shortest to longest
ray in the isovist.
value compares the ratio form shortest to longest ray in the isovist
4/5
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Historic city: Analyzed points
City Blocks: Analyzed points
3D Isovist Rays: Cut-Offs at St. Peter-Platz
3D Isovist Rays: Analyzed Rays at Idaplatz
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Idastrasse Idaplatz-Mitte Idaplatz-Kreuzung Thermengasse Robert-Walser-Gasse St. Peter-Platz
100.0
Length [m]
10.0
1.0
0.1
1 401 801 1201 1601 2001
Rays N° 1-2400 (Sorted from shortest to longest)
Analysis and Interpretation - 3D Isovists, from small to medium to large
Analysis and Interpretation - 3D Isovists, from small to medium to large
To analyze the same six points with a 3D-Isovist, I placed 2400 rays with the length of 400 meters
To analyse the same six points with a 3D-Isovist, I placed 2400 rays with the length of 400 meters on
on each point. All the rays where cut when they hit the ground or a building. The left image show the
each point. All the rays where cut when they hit the ground or a building. The left image show the cut
cutted of rays at St. Peter-Platz. The image on the right shows the rays used for the analysis at the
of rays at St. Peterplatz. The image on the right shows the rays used for the analysis at the junction
junction of Idaplatz. The diagram shows the lengths of each ray for each of the six points. Using a
of Idaplatz. The diagram shows the lengths of each ray for each of the six points. Using a logarithmic
logarhitmic
scale for the
scale
lengths,
for the
the
lengths,
diagram
the
shows
diagram
a nice
shows
progression
a nice progression
and the rays
and
become
the rays
comparable.
become comparable.
The top
horizontal
The
line
top
shows
horizontal
all rays
line
with
shows
the lengths
all rays with
of 400
the
meters.
lengths
This
of 400
is equal
meters.
to rays
This
which
is equal
would
to rays
reach
which
the sky.
would
The
reach
longer
the
the
sky.
top
The
horizontal
longer
line,
the
the
top
more
horizontal
sky view
line,
and
the more
natural
sky
light
view
is visible
and natural
at the
light
site.
ist
visible at the site.
Five out of the six sites have the same progression for the 800 shortest rays. After this mark the spatial
Five
characteristics
out of the six
for
sites
each
have
site become
the same
visible.
progression
Unlike the
for
2D-Isovist
the 800 shortest
analysis,
rays.
the
afters
St. Peterplatz
this mark
has
the
bigger
spatial
isovist
characteristics
than the Idastrasse.
for each site
The
become
very small
visible.
place
Unlike
at Thermengasse
the 2D-Isovist
has
analysis,
almost
the
no
St.
rays
Peter-Platz
longer than
has
5
bigger
meters
isovist
and just
than
about
the Idastrasse.
3% reach the sky. Unlike the Junction at Idaplatz where more than half of the
The rays very are small longer place than at 10 Thermengasse meters and almost has almost 40% reach no rays the sky. longer than 5 meters and just about 3%
reach the sky. Unlike the Junction at Idaplatz where more than half of the rays are longer than 10 meters
Conclusion and almost 40% reach the sky.
Conclusion
The used analysis tools help to measure and compare spatial properties. They also showed different
The characteristics used analysis of tools the two help analyzed to measure areas. and Some compare where spatial more properties. obvious than They others. also showed Sometimes different
analysis characteristics help to discover of the two new analyzed things or areas. they Some confirm where presumptions. more obvious The than 3D others. Isovist Sometimes analysis is an
the
the interesting analysis start. help to It cloud discover be new much things more or sophisticated they confirm in presumptions. terms of modelling The 3D and Isovist also analysis for analysation. is interesting The ray could start. be It cloud analyzed be much regarding more their sophisticated angle, since in the terms horizontal of modeling rays are and the also most for analyzation. important for
The orientation. ray could The be analyzed more vertical regarding the ray their is, angle, the less since important the horizontal it is since rays gravity are the forces most important us to navigate for
orientation. mostly in 2D The coordinates. more vertical The the analysis ray is, could the less also important me direction it is since sensitive gravity and forces simulate us to the navigate visible cone
mostly of humans. in 2D coordinates. The analysis could also me direction sensitive and simulate the visible cone
of humans.
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115

Optimisation of agriculture
in an urban environment
Student: Romain Masson

Optimization of agriculture in an urban enviro
Final examination
Name: Romain Masson
Date: 30.11.2015
Summary:
My project is situated in Pilastro near Bologna. I’m working on adding programm on big empty and undifi
ned spaces created between the buildings by the architecture of the 1960-1970 . For this exerice i interested
myself into agriculture and greenhouses. Where is the best place to make agricutlure and how could
Summary:
i build optimized greenhouses. For this i used grasshopper and tried galapagos for the optimization
My project is situated in Pilastro near Bologna. I’m working on adding programme on big empty and
undefined spaces created between the buildings by the architecture of the 1960-1970 . For this exercise
I interested myself into agriculture and greenhouses. Where is the best place to make agriculture and
how could I build optimised greenhouses. For this I used grasshopper and tried Galapagos for the
optimization
One of the results of my roof from simulations
One of the results of my roof from simulations
Digital Urban Simulation | Optimization of agriculture in an urban environment
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ironment
1
i-
-
ld
I analysed the soloar radiations the ground so i could use these data to put my agriculture / greenhouses.
The
1
most surpising fact for me was the big infl uence of building situated west and east from a measurement
point
I analysed the solar radiations the ground so I could use these data to put my agriculture / greenhouses.
The most surprising fact for me was the big influence of building situated west and east from a
measurement point.
1 / x
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2 Making a threshold at a certain level of radiation (this case 1100) 4 Sim
3 I only worked on a part of the site 5 Ma
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4 Simplification of the polyline
5 Making the grid for the greenhouse
1 / x
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Gala
and
case
6 Building the greenhouses from the grid 7 run
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7 running the simulation
7 running the simulation
Galapagos optimised optimized the the total total radiation by by modifying 3 3 parameters of of the of the greenhouses, the the the orientation,
and 2 different erents type of of points which are are changing the the roof. roof. The The diff difference between between the the the best best and and and worst
worst
case was
was around 25
25 %.
%.
1 /
1
x
/ x
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation 123

Conclusions:
Choosing where to put agriculture was straightforward so quite successful.
Conclusions:
The simulation of the greenhouse part was more complex and therefore had more flaws :
Choosing where to put agriculture was kinda straightforward so kinda sucessful,
- My design was so restrictive it couldn’t be very optimised.
The simulation of the greenhouse part was more complex and had more flaw :
- I My only design took into was account to restricitive, the total it couldn’t radiation be the so greenhouse much optimized. received, but the total size of the greenhouse
was - I only changing took into with account the different the total parameters radiation the (mostly greenhouse with the received, orientation but the which total was size then of the limiting greenhouse the grid
differently was and changing so there with is the not different always the parameters same number (mostly of with elements) the orientation which was then limiting the
grid diff erently and so there is not always the same number of elements)
- There is is really more parameters which I i could take into account. (aeration, wind, need of light depending
on the seasons, of the seasons, etc ) etc )
- The precision of the measurement was only of 7m.
- The precision of the measurement was only of 7m.
There is 2 main interessant things in the final result :
- The grid alligned itself on the south-north axe, which seems kinda logical, but still was a small proof that
There are 2 main interesting things in the final result :
the results weren’t totaly random !
- Instead of having a “normal roof“, there is an inverted roof, perhpas it’s better so each element dont give
- The grid
shadows
aligned
to
itself
the elements
on the south-north
behind
axe, which seems logical, but still was a small proof that the
results weren’t totally random !
Fin
- If Instead i had time of it having would a be “normal really interesant roof“, there trying is an to inverted do another roof, simulation perhaps with it’s a better new more so each free element design of does
not greenhouses give shadows to see to how the it elements could be behind. even more If I had optimized time it would be really interested trying to do another
simulation with a new more free design of greenhouses to see how it could be even more optimised.
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Final optimized greenhouses
e
e
g
t
e
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11 / / xx

A school of Cambodia
Student: Stéphane de Weck

Rainda
School project in Cambodia
Summary:
Final Examination
“We are planning a school in rural Cambodia within an existing village structure about two hours north
of the capital Phnom Penh. The school consists of several classrooms, a cafeteria, an auditorium as
well Name: as medical Stéphane and infrastructural de Weck buildings.
Date: November 30 th 2015
We plan within the specific context of a society which is dominated on one hand by the fascinating
history
Summary:
of the Khmer culture and on the other hand a dramatic demographic development due to the
brutal civil war in the recent past. 52.1% of the population of Cambodia are under the age of 24 years,
the “We average are planning of the a school total population in rural Cambodia is 23.5 within years. an The existing question village of structure education about and two care hours is thus north socially of the
relevant capital Phnom and urgent. Penh. The school consists of several classrooms, a cafeteria, an auditorium as well as medical
and infrastructural buildings.
In addition to these specific social conditions, the availability of material resources, talent and technical
skills We plan as well within as the the specific climatic, context ecological of a society and economic which is dominated conditions on have one hand to be by considered the fascinating the history design. of
The the Khmer question culture of contemporary and the other didactical hand a dramatic concepts demographic and their development spatial implementation due to the brutal is an civil important war in
issue
the recent
in the
past.
semester.
52.1% of
Together population
with local
of Cambodia
professionals
are under
we will
the
develop
age of 24
a
years,
reasonable
the average
and customized
of the total
population is 23.5 years. The question of education and care is thus socially relevant and urgent.
strategy how the school system and the necessary infrastructure can be implemented in several phases.
It
In
is
addition
the declared
to these
aim
specific
of the
social
course
conditions,
to develop
the availability
designs
of
that
material
are feasible
resources,
in
talent
terms
and
of
technical
architecture
skills
and
as
construction, well as the climatic, from urban ecological and and neighbourhood economic conditions issues to have the to constructive be considered detailing in the design. of individual The question buildings. of
The contemporary results of the didactical studio concepts should be and a relevant their spatial contribution implementation to the is contemporary an important architectural issue in the semester. culture of
Cambodia, Together with respecting local professionals the specific we will social develop and a climatic reasonable conditions.” and customized strategy how the school system
and the necessary infrastructure can be implemented in several phases. It is the declared aim of the course to
http://www.hebel.arch.ethz.ch/fall-semester-2015-cambodia-village-school-project/
develop designs that are feasible in terms of architecture and construction, from urban and neighborhood
issues to the constructive detailing of individual buildings. The results of the studio should be a relevant contribution
to the contemporary architectural culture of Cambodia, respecting the specific social and climatic conditions.”
Motiv
The i
these
the te
bodia
shad
Rega
could
if the
Anoth
spac
http://www.hebel.arch.ethz.ch/fall-semester-2015-cambodia-village-school-project/
N
School project in Cambodia
Solar e
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Motivation:
The important climatic factors which were influential in the project, are the solar exposition and the
rainfalls. In these latitudes the problem is more the heat itself than the heat variation which is pretty
constant. However, the temperatures are high the whole year: from minimum 25 °C to maximum 35 °C.
This is why actually Cambodian people live mostly in the shadows. It is noticeable that their architecture
is designed more with the shadows rather than with the light. Therefore the first goal will be to sunprotect
the users of the building.
Motivation:
f the
dical
ry of
ar in
total
ills as
ion of
ester.
stem
se to
hood
ontri-
con-
Regarding The important the rainfalls, climatic factors there which is in these were influential latitudes in the the monsoon project, are phenomenon. the solar exposition In only and a the few rainfalls. minutes, In
everything these latitudes could the be problem potentially is more flooded. the heat How itself to than design the heat a project variation to which make is pretty sure constant. every spaces However, are
effectively the temperatures reachable are even high the if the whole ground year: is from flooded minimum ? In 25 other °C to words, maximum how 35 to °C. optimise This is why the actually connections cambodian
people the spaces live mostly ? in the shadows. It is noticeable that their architecture is designed more with the
between
shadows rather than with the light. Therefore the first goal will be to sun-protect the users of the building.
Another goal of the project is to differentiate the spaces by its private and visually reachable aspects.
Some Regarding spaces the have rainfalls, to there be quiet is in these and latitudes private, others monsoon have phenomenon. to be quiet In but only watchable a few minutes, or public everything and
ceremonial.
could be potentially flooded. How to design a project to make sure every spaces are effectively reachable even
if the ground is flooded ? In other words, how to optimize the connections between the spaces ?
Another goal of the project is to diffrentiate the spaces by its privativ and visually reachable aspects. Some
spaces have to be quiet and privativ, others have to be quiet but watchable or public and ceremonial.
Raindays in Cambodia
Rainfall in Cambodia
bodia Solar exposition in Cambodia Tempartures in Cambodia
1/6
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Isovist area, before
Isovist area, before
This first isovist analysis already explains the project quiet well:
This first isovist analysis already explains the project quiet well:
1) big ceremonial courtyard in which the students could assemble for the morning ceremony (red part).
1) A big ceremonial courtyard in which the students could assemble for the morning ceremony (red
Indeed, in cambodian schools, students are used to raise the flag before the first lesson.
part). Indeed, in Cambodian schools, students are used to raise the flag before the first lesson.
2) Public courtyards organised in between the builings (yellow parts).
2) Public courtyards organised in between the buildings (yellow parts).
3) Privativ courtyards in the crossing points of two buildings (green parts). These are mainly thought to be playgrounds
for small children. This is way we want them to be privativ but watchable.
3) Private courtyards in the crossing points of two buildings (green parts). These are mainly thought to
be play- grounds for small children. This is way we want them to be private but watchable.
4) Closed classrooms (blue parts)
4) Closed classrooms (blue parts)
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t).
Isovist area, after
Isovist area, after
We wanted to have more defined spaces and a more precise hierarchy. This is why we closed the two publics
courtyards
We wanted
on
to
the
have
left
more
side and
defined
extend
spaces
one building
and a more
in the
precise
middle
hierarchy.
part. The
This
ceremonial
is why
courtyard
we closed
is
the
now much
two publics courtyards on the left side and extend one building in the middle part. The ceremonial
more defined. The two publics courtyards (green-yelow parts) in the left side have now the same value as the
courtyard is now much more defined. The two publics courtyards (green-yellow parts) in the left side
ones in the right side.
have now the same value as the ones in the right side.
y-
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Axial map – choice, before
Axial For the map project – choice, and before regarding the flood issues, we want to deck the ways that connect the different parts of the
school. However, what are the main thoroughfares of the site ? The choice calculation which has been inter
For preted the project as movement and regarding flow potential the flood is helpfull issues, here we and want answers to deck spontaneously the ways that to connect the question. the different
parts of the school. However, what are the main thoroughfares of the site ? The choice calculation
which Notice has that been the interpreted analysis also as bring movement to light flow the courtyards. potential is The helpful courtyard here and on answers the right side spontaneously is noticeable: to a public
the but question. quiet space. The choice calculation shows the issue we already mentioned in the isovist analysis: the cere
monial courtyard is split because not defined enough. To the same extent, the courtyard on the top left corne
Notice looks that more the like analysis undefined also bring transit to light space the than courtyards. a public The but courtyard quiet courtyard. on the right side is noticeable:
a public but quiet space. The choice calculation shows the issue we already mentioned in the isovist
analysis: the ceremonial courtyard is split because not defined enough. To the same extent, the
courtyard on the top left corner looks more like an undefined transit space than a public but quiet
courtyard.
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Axial map – choice, after
the
erlic
reer
Axial The changes map – choice, that have afteralready been made on the plan solve the issues abovementionned. The ceremonial
courtyard is not split anymore and the courtyard on the top left corner is now much more defined: the flows
The stay changes outside and that we have can already enjoy its been stillness. made on the plan solve the issues above mentioned. The
ceremonial courtyard is not split anymore and the courtyard on the top left corner is now much more
defined: If the isovist the flows map is stay compared outside and with we the can axial enjoy map its we stillness. can notice that the playground in the crossing point on
the left side is as visible as the public courtyard on the left side but the first one is in the middle of a very dense
If movement the isovist flow map and is compared the second with one the is well axial isolated. map we The can playground notice that is the therefore playground more watchable. in the crossing
point on the left side is as visible as the public courtyard on the left side but the first one is in the middle
of a very dense movement flow and the second one is well isolated. The playground is therefore more
watchable.
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Shadow analysis, before
from 9 am to 5 pm, December 22 sd
Shadow analysis, before
from 9 am to 5 pm, June 21 st
134
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4/6

Shadow analysis, after
from 9 am to 5 pm, December 22 sd
136
Shadow analysis, after
from 9 am to 5 pm, June 21 st
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5/6

Radiation analysis, June
The radiation analysis and the shadow analysis on the previous page, show both the importance of a big a roof
and trees.
As already mentionned, combodian people live in shadows; The heat in radiated spaces is unbearable. Since
Radiation the project analysis, a school, June the control of the atmosphere is even more important: working conditions should be
optimal. This is why it was made sure that there is a continuous sun-protected path that connect every single
The rooms radiation in the school. analysis The and second the change shadow is the analysis amount on of trees the previous in the courtyards page, show which both must be the sun-protected
importance
of as well a big to a be roof in use: and The trees. courtyards As already requiered mentioned, much more Cambodian trees than people what was live designed in shadows; originally. The heat in
radiated spaces is unbearable. Since the project is a school, the control of the atmosphere is even
more important: working conditions should be optimal. This is why it was made sure that there is a
continuous sun-protected path that connect every single rooms in the school. The second change is
the amount of trees in the courtyards which must be sun-protected as well to be in use: The courtyards
required much more trees than what was designed originally.
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Olympic Legacy
Student: Thorben Westerhuys

Summary:
As a final project I decided on a closer look into designs and experiments around the Olympic games
candidacy of Hamburg for 2024. The city is actively pursuing a jump beyond the river that cuts the city
in half both geographically as well as mentally.
So I acquired the relevant OSM Data, tried to include all pedestrian relevant information that are not
already included with ELKs road component and ran a segment analysis.
The current situation shows the disconnect rather clearly but also reveals that Wilhelmsburg is sort of
an island between the city and Hamburg, making a connection possible again.
So I took KCAP/gmp/vogts proposal for an Olympic area on “Kleiner Grassbrook” and compared its
potential for a re-connection with one from Kees Christiaanses ongoing studio at ETH on the same
topic. The second proposal places the Olympic Games further west onto Steinwerder. That location
is more centrally located and always visible from the city. This would also revise the old Elbtunnel, that
is - together with Elbbrücken and the new Elbtunnel/A7 - the only inner city bridges/tunnels across.
Running those analysis I looked at choice and integration in particular since those two become relevant
in deciding whether the re-connection can be made and what kind of effects this would produce onto
other existing - neighbourhoods.
The results are less clear than expected and reveal, that it is a big challenge to bridge the gap. Both
proposals have rather limited effects on the overall system, locally however they will have an effect on
their surroundings. The first proposal will strengthen the HafenCity - then fully built out, whereas the
second one will shift the focus away from HafenCity more towards Landungsbrücken and Altona.
Going a step further I then ran an Isovist analysis on both proposals to look at their spatial configurations
on site. Whereas the first proposal tries to balance open and closed spaces by closely interweaving
sports and residential uses, the second one deliberately had a sharp contrast between the stadium and
residential areas. Both work with alternations on city blocks and hence create compact semi private
courtyards as opposed to open streets.
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Motivation:
alf
dy
Motivation: Hamburg is trying to advance urban strategies and developments through different projects. Recently
a lot through big projects such as the HafenCity, IBA and now Olympic Games. Each of those had a
Hamburg strong or is solely trying urban to advance planning urban and development strategies and approach developments and usually through aimed different at developing projects. Recently the north a lot
through south axis big of projects the city. such as the HafenCity, IBA and now Olympic Games. Each of those had a strong or
soley urban planning and development approach and usually aimed at develeoping the north south axis of
the So, city. being grown up in Hamburg I was intrigued to see, if and what Olympic games and the current
plans could bring to this goal using space syntax analysis methods.
So, being grown up in Hamburg I was intrigued to see, if and what Olympic games and the current plans
could bring to this goal using space syntax analysis methods.
ly
lbne
al
1 / 10
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Cu
In
be
bu
co
pe
Current situation – Integration, R50 steps
ital Urban Simulation | Olympic Legacy
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Current Situation
In the Integration analysis of the current pedestrian
network of the city a clear division between the “inner
city” and the southern parts becomes visible. Further
Wilhelmsburg has been established as a rather well
connected islands in between only loosely connected
to the south and north. Hamburg on the other side
works almost independently on the city.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
145

A
I
F
b
A
t
p
P
P
Digital Urban Simulation | Olympic Legacy
Digital Urban Simulation | Olympic Legacy
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Acquisition of Data
I Acquisition chose a relevant of Data part of OpenStreetMap Data and imported that into ELK. From there
I extracted roads and pedestrian paths with different key combinations based on actual
usage I chose in a Hamburg. relevant part of OpenStreetMap Data and imported that into ELK.
From there I extracted roads and pedestrian paths with different key combinations
Afterwards based on actual I tried usage to clean in up Hamburg. the data for further processing in Depthmap. For the two
proposals I drew all relevant entities (roads, pathways, buildings) according to the plans
you
Afterwards
see below.
I tried to clean up the data for further processing in DepthMap. For the
two proposals I drew all relevan entities (roads, pathways, buildings) according to the
plans you see below.
Proposal 1 - KCAP, gmp, vogt
Proposal 2 - Students from “Hamburg - Olympic Legacy”, Prof. Kees Christiaanse
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3 / 10

Integr
The p
appe
analy
to ac
load.
Current situation – Integration, – Integration, R50 steps, R50 angular steps, segment angular segment
Proposal 1 – 1 Integration, – R50 steps, R50 steps, angular segment angular segment
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Integration Analysis
The potential for developing a new distric on “Kleiner Grassbrook” seems rather
appealing, since its the natural link between HafenCity and Wilkelmsburg. The
analysis however shows, that much more and relevant connections will be neeed
to achieve that. Only locally an axis forms but Ellbrücken still carries most of the
load.
Integration Analysis
The potential for developing a new district on “Kleiner Grassbrook” seems rather appealing,
since its the natural link between HafenCity and Wilhelmsburg. The analysis however
shows, that much more and relevant connections will be need to achieve that. Only locally
an axis forms but Elbbrücken still carries most of the load.
t
4 / 10
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Integr
The p
and t
not b
furthe
Local
tralitie
towar
Current situation – Integration, – Integration, R50 steps, R50 angular steps, segment angular segment
Proposal 2 – 2 Integration, – R50 steps, R50 steps, angular segment angular segment
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Integration Analysis
The proposal has the potential to increase the reachability of fromer harbour area
and there are slight increases in centrality on Steinwerder. However this part does
not become the the new axis/gate to the south. That still remains with Elbbrücken
further in the east.
Locally the new residential areas are quite well organized and do form local centralities.
The
Integration Analysis
focus seems to shift slightly from the eastern part and HafenCIty
towards the west and Landungsbrücken/Altona.
The proposal has the potential to increase the reachability of former harbour area and there
are slight increases in centrality on Steinwerder. However this part does not become the
new axis/gate to the south. That still remains with Elbbrücken further in the east.
Locally the new residential areas are quite well organized and do form local centralities.
The focus seems to shift slightly from the eastern part and HafenCity towards the west and
Landungsbrücken/Altona.
t
5 / 10
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Choic
The c
grand
more
Current situation – Choice, – Choice, R2km R2km
Proposal 1 – 1 Choice, – Choice, R2km R2km
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Choice Analysis
The coice analysis reveals slight increases here and there but no new axis or
grand connection. This is concruent with integration but shows that fact even
more clearly.
Choice Analysis
The choice analysis reveals slight increases here and there but no new axis or grand
connection. This is concurrent with integration but shows that fact even more clearly.
Choice Analysis
In this case the choice values for alter Elbtunnel are even decreased and Wilhelmsburg
only sees minor choice improvements. This also supports the corresponding integration
analysis.
It becomes clear though that choice increases in the area of Landungsbrücken and towards
Altona, further support the shift to the west.
6 / 10
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Digital Urban Simulation | Olympic Legacy
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Isovists Area – Olympic site
Looking at Isovist areas the two proposals differ in
their approach to how residential and public spaces
are arranged.
The first one tries to integrate both ends of the
spectrum as closely as possible while the second one
plays with wide open fields as buffers and hence a
contrast between the closeness of urban blocks and
wide plazas.
The first proposal does achieve a kind of spatial
hierarchy through differences in street width, whereas
the second proposal does not have that.
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Digital Urban Simulation | Olympic Legacy
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Isovists Compactness – Olympic site
Both proposals use variations of blocks in the
residential areas. Hence creating rather closed or very
open courtyards. From the analysis proposal 2 tends
to have too big courtyards, whereas its more evenly
distributed in proposal 1. Though there are more
variations in proposal 1 that seem more open on first
sight.
Very visibly the street network carries through into the
open areas and creates patterns even on the most
open areas.
The stadium is placed differently and hence dominates
(proposal 1) the open area or merely frames it (proposal
2).
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Conclusions:
Added linkages and a complex project such as Olympic games
might not be enough to actually bridge the gaps. Wilhelmsburg
currently is not viewed as the island in between that much. That
part of the analysis might have the biggest impact on how one
should start thinking about the north-south-axis within the city.
The key to this part of the city lies within Wilhelmsburg. All analysis
show that comparably small interventions in Steinwerder or Kleiner
Grassbrook do not have a lot of influences and hence a different
view should be taken on how to develop this part of the city.
Since this area carries a long history of harbour related industries
breaking with the rail and car-centric past in this area is both
challenging and has high potentials. Learning from the analysis this
could and should be the focus of new developments especially
since Hamburg is facing a crisis in affordable houses and flats.
On the more local scale the first proposal creates a heterogenous
urban fabric that has private
as well as very public areas. Whereas the second proposal has a
very different approach for residential vs. public spaces. However
there is no spatial hierarchy in the street network, that is clearly
visible in proposal one and should give visitors and citizens a much
clearer sense of orientation.
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Uster 2035
Student: Vincent Hischier

Wit
cho
Ch
Ac
the
it p
nea
The
sho
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Inte
Page example 1
Summary:
In the framework of a semester assignment a vision for the city of Uster (Zurich) in the
year 2035 has to be elaborated. Nowadays the city accommodates approximately
35 000 inhabitants. If the growth continues like in the passed few years up to 10
000 new inhabitants are expected until the year 2035.
Lebendiges Uster 2035
Where to host the newly arrived inhabitants? Building new houses outside the city
border is not permitted anymore due to the Kulturlandinitiative in Zürich in 2012.
Inside the city borders there’s only few space, which is still undeveloped. So the
focus lies on the built environment.
Final Examination
Name: Vincent Another Hischier problem the city of Uster has to face (like every other city on the western
Date: 30. hemisphere) November 2015 is the aging of its population. New services are needed to satisfy the
special needs.
Summary: Lastly the city consists of much more inhabitants than working forces. The danger
of a bedroom community persists where people only come home to spend the
In the framework night. of a semester assignment a vision for the city of Uster (Zurich) in the year 2035 has to be
elaborated. Nowadays the city accommodates approximately 35 000 inhabitants. If the growth continues like
in the passed
One
few
possible
years up
solution
to 10 000
to
new
face
inhabitants
these challenges
are expected
would
until
be
the
to
year
densify
2035.
the existing
Where to host the newly arrived inhabitants? Building new houses outside the city border is not permitted
centre and to build new dense mixed-used neighbourhood centres, which would
anymore due to the Kulturlandinitiative in Zürich in 2012. Inside the city borders there’s only few space, which
consist of working places and residential buildings designed especially for elder
is still undeveloped. So the focus lies on the built environment.
people.
Another problem the city of Uster has to face (like every other city on the western hemisphere) is the aging of
its population. New services are needed to satisfy the special needs.
Lastly the city consists of much more inhabitants than working forces. The danger of a bedroom community
persists where people only come home to spend the night.
One possible solution to face these challenges would be to densify the existing center and to build new
dense mixed-used neighborhood centers, which would consist of working places and residential buildings
designed especially for elder people.
Mo
As
Wh
net
loc
Las
An
and
the
cou
An
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The
bes
cho

Motivation:
As described in the summary new neighbourhood centres could be a solution to
face future challenges. Where are possible locations for these new centres? Among
other criteria the analysis of the existing street network with a segment analysis
could give first hints to know where central, well integrated streets are located. In
a next step the impact of the new centre on the neighbourhood network should
be analyzed. Lastly an isovist analysis of the new developed area would show its
structure from a visual point of view.
Another measure to increase the livability in the city would be to create pedestrian
zones in the centre. Shops and other services could be placed along these streets.
To do so it would be helpful to know which streets in the centre would suit the
requirements for a pedestrian zone. The choice value from the segment analysis
could show where the most crowded streets are situated.
Analysis 1 (Angular Segment Analysis):
With this first analysis the whole street network is looked at. For the angular
analysis a 500m radius was chosen as this is a normal walking distance. The result
is displayed on the next page.
Choice
According to the choice map the streets that have the highest through movement
are located in or around the existing city centre (light blue and green circles).
Especially the Poststrasse (green circle) is interesting as it points directly to the
railway station. This situation would be very suitable for a pedestrian zone as the is
near the existing city centre and its vicinity to the railway station would attract also
people from other cities. Therefore this street should be released from car traffic.
In a next steps new shops, cafés, hairdresser etc. should be placed in the ground
floor to make this street more attractive.
The red circles show possible locations for future developments like a new
neighbourhood centre with working places and residential buildings. As there are
other factors that influence the decision where to build a new centre the circles
show only first possibilities.
Integration
The Integration map shows that the integrated streets are well distributed. The
streets which are integrated best are located around the centre, they have the
highest to-movement potential. The streets with a high choice value do also have
a high integration value
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Choice, Radius 500m
Choice, Radius 500m
5000 m
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5000m
Integration, Radius Radius 500m 500m
2/6
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Page example 3
Gestaltungsplan Plan Plan
Grundplan amtliche Vermessung
Bereich Bereich Tiefgarage Tiefgarage
Baufelder Baufelder
Naturnah Naturnah gestalteter gestalteter Gewässerraum
Mantelline Mantelline
MIV-Achse MIV-Achse
Befahrbare Befahrbare LV-Verbindung
LV-Achse LV-Achse
Bereich Bereich Gestaltungsplan
© Stadt © Stadt Uster: öV-Achse Uster: Stadtvermessung öV-Achse
Uster Uster und GIS-Kompetenzzentrum; und http://www.cadastre.ch/legende
ÖV-Haltestelle
Stadt Stadt Uster Uster
1:1'000 1:1'000 GIS-Kompetenzzentrum
Oberlandstrasse 78 78
8610 8610 Uster Uster
044-944 044-944 72 66, 72 66,
gis@ uster.ch gis@ uster.ch
Ausgabe: Ausgabe: 23.11.2015 23.11.2015
gis.uster.ch
Bebauungsvorschlag
Grundplan amtliche Vermessung
Bereich Bereich Gestaltungsplan
Grillstelle Grillstelle mit Sitzgelegenheit
mit Baum Baum
Befahrbare Befahrbare LV-Verbindung
Gewässer Gewässer
Café, Bäckerei, Café, Bäckerei, Restaurant... Restaurant...
Publikumsintensive Einrichtungen
Feuchtgebiet Feuchtgebiet
Kinderspielplatz
Privatgärten Privatgärten
Veloparkplatz Veloparkplatz überdacht überdacht
Einfahrt Einfahrt Tiefgarage Tiefgarage
Bushaltestelle Bushaltestelle
MIV-Parkplatz MIV-Parkplatz
© Stadt © Stadt Uster: Uster: Stadtvermessung Uster Uster und GIS-Kompetenzzentrum; und http://www.cadastre.ch/legende
Stadt Stadt Uster Uster
1:1'000 1:1'000 GIS-Kompetenzzentrum
Oberlandstrasse 78 78
8610 8610 Uster Uster
044-944 044-944 72 66, 72 66,
gis@ uster.ch gis@ uster.ch
Ausgabe: Ausgabe: 23.11.2015 23.11.2015
gis.uster.ch
244900 244950 245000 245050 245100
244900 244950 245000 245050 245100
695600 695600
Baufeld C
Baufeld C
min. 1000m^2
min. 1000m^2
695650 695650
695700 695700
Baufeld B
Baufeld B
min. min. 1500m^2 1500m^2
min. min. 1000m^2 1000m^2
Baufeld Baufeld A A
695750 695750
244900 244950 245000 245050 245100
244900 244950 245000 245050 245100
695600 695600
4 OG
4 OG
4 OG
4 OG
695650 695650
695700 695700
7 OG
7 OG
3 OG 3 OG
2 OG 2 OG 2 OG 2 OG
695750 695750
695600 695600
695650 695650
695700 695700
695750 695750
695600 695600
695650 695650
695700 695700
695750 695750
Development of a new neighbourhood centre
To develop a new neighbourhood centre first a location had to be found. The
decision was based on the fact that the municipality still owns undeveloped
land in the southwest of Uster. The analysis of the street network played a
minor role.
Development of of a a new neighborhood center
To To develop a a new neighborhood center first a a location had to to be be found. The decision was based on on the the fact that the the municipality still still owns
played a a minor role.
To To obtain a a high quality development of of the the site first layout plan with regulations for for the the future development was established. From the the layou
spaces was derived. In In the the last step the the proposal was visualized.
On On the the next pages this newly devoped area is is analyzed.
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is.uster.ch
695750
695750
To obtain a high quality development of the site first layout plan with regulations
for the future development was established. From the layout plan a design
proposal which shows the building volumes, public and private spaces was
derived. In the last step the proposal was visualized.
On the next pages this newly developed area is analyzed.
unicipality still owns undeveloped land in the southwest of Uster. The analysis of the street nework
hed. From the layout plan a design proposal which shows the building volumes, public and private
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Choice 500m, existing s
network
Choice 500m, existing
network
500m
Choice 500m, existing street network
500m
IMAGE
IMAGE
Choice 500m, with stree
neighborhood center
Choice 500m, with stre
neighborhood center
500m
Analysis 2 (Angular 500m Segment Analysis, Choice, radius: 500m):
Choice 500m, with streets of new neighborhood center
Analysis The aim 2 of (Angular the analysis Segment was to Analysis, find out Choice, wheter the radius: new 500m): streets of the the neighborhood center wo
an impact on the sorrounding streets within walking distance. To do so the situation with and with
The
Analysis streets aim was of
2 (Angular
the compared analysis
Segment using was to the Analysis,
find same out color wheter
Choice, range. the
radius:
new streets
500m):
of the the neighborhood center wo
an impact on the sorrounding streets within walking distance. To do so the situation with and with
streets The analysis aim was of compared the of the analysis choice using was parameter the to same find shows color out whether two range. streets the (orange new streets circles) of with significant higher valu
the fore neighbourhood these streets would centre have would a higher have trough an impact movement. on the surrounding
The streets analysis within of walking the choice distance. parameter To do shows so the two situation streets with (orange and circles) without with significant higher va
fore new Looking these streets at streets the was street compared would network have using a inside higher the of same trough the new color movement. center range. reveals The that analysis there of is one main street with a
the higher choice trough parameter movement shows potential two streets for pedestrians (orange than circles) on with the others significant (white circle),
Looking higher values. at the street There- network fore these inside streets of the new would center have reveals a higher that trough there is one main street with a
higher movement. trough movement potential for pedestrians than on the others (white circle),
Looking at the street network inside of the new centre reveals that there
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Lebendiges Uster 2035
is one main street with a significant higher trough movement potential
for pedestrians than on the others (white circle).
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isting street
isting street
Integration 500m, e
network Integration 500m, e
network
th streets of new
enter th streets of new
enter
500m
Integration 500m, existing street network
500m
Integration 500m, e
network Integration 500m, e
network
500m
ter would have
ter d without would have new
d without new
her values. Therewith
a significant
her values. Therewith
a significant
500m
Integration 500m, existing street network
Analysis 2 (Angular Segment Analysis, Integration):
Analysis 2 (Angular Segment Analysis, Integration):
The analysis of the integration values show that many sorrounding streets get higher values. T
Analysis 2 (Angular Segment Analysis, Integration):
be The interpreted analysis of in the that integration way that values the added show streets that many lead to sorrounding a denser streets network get higher for pedestrian values. T
neighborhood be interpreted and in that is therefore way that the more added attractive streets for lead them. to a denser street network for pedestrian
The analysis of the integration values show that many surrounding
neighborhood and is therefore more attractive for them.
streets get higher values. The result can be interpreted in that way that
the added streets lea