10 September 2017_final

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News From Non-Aligned World NAM Concerned at Maritime Piracy in Somalia By IINS Research Team Maritime Piracy has emerged as a major security threat since the turn of the 21st century. United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Seas (UNCLOS) defines Piracy as any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft or against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State. The International Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping, defines Maritime Piracy as any illegal act of violence or detention or any act of depredation, or threat thereof, other than an act of piracy, committed for private ends and directed against “NAM has emphasised that that peace and stability within Somalia, the strengthening of state institutions, economic and social development, and respect for human right and the rule of law are necessary to create the conditions for a durable eradication of piracy and armed robbery at the sea off the coast of Somalia” a ship or against persons or property on board such a ship, within a State’s internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial sea. Pirate Attacks have been frequent in the ‘Horn of Africa’ region. The Coast of Somalia, especially in the Gulf of Aden, has seen the largest share of global piracy attacks in recent years. The Non-Aligned Movement has expressed concerns at the rising frequency of such attacks. At the 17th NAM Summit held in 2016, NAM leaders condemned the continuing acts of piracy and armed robbery off the coast of Somalia and Gulf of Aden, which hampered the delivery of humanitarian aid to Somalia and pose a threat to commercial maritime and international navigation in the region. NAM has welcomed the adoption of the UN Security Council Resolution 2184 (2014) under Chapter VI of the UN Charter which calls upon States and regional organizations that had the capacity to do so to fight ongoing sea crimes by deploying naval vessels, arms and military aircraft and through seizures of boats, vessels and weapons used in the commission of those crimes. NAM has reiterated that this resolution should be implemented in a manner fully consistent with International Law, including the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea. NAM has commended the efforts of the Federal Government of Somalia and the international community to fight piracy, while reiterating the need to address the root causes of piracy on the mainland, including the illegal dumping of toxic waste and illegal fishing of the territorial waters of Somalia. On 9th November 2016, when the Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 2316 (2016), for “Renewing Authorization for International Naval Forces to Combat Piracy off Somali Coast”, Mohamed Rabi A. Yusuf, representative of Somalia, thanked the Security Council for its valuable support to his country in all areas, including addressing piracy, and asked for continued support from the international community. A number of NAM Member States have also deployed their naval vessels in the territorial waters of Somalia and the Gulf of Aden, to assist in countering acts of piracy and armed robbery. It may be mentioned here that Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Seychelles have undertaken strict efforts to prosecute suspected pirates in their national courts. NAM has emphasised that that peace and stability within Somalia, the strengthening of state institutions, economic and social development, and respect for human right and the rule of law are necessary to create the conditions for a durable eradication of piracy and armed robbery at the sea off the coast of Somalia, and further emphasizing that Somalia’s long-term security rests with the effective development by Somalia authorities of the Somalia national security forces, the Heads of State or Government emphasized the need to focus attention on the illicit financial flows associated with piracy, with a view to disrupting the financing and planning of piracy attacks. NAM has also called for the need to focus attention on the illicit financial flows associated with piracy, with a view to disrupting the financing and planning of piracy attacks. 10 September - 9 October, 2017 (14)
News From Non-Aligned World NAM Member States complying with UNFCC By Dr. Pawan Mathur Non-Aligned Movement recognises that climate change poses a grave risk to the developing countries in particular, and hence, has called for taking the necessary action to address the challenge in accordance with the principles and provisions of the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In 1992, countries joined an “NAM has reaffirmed that the UNFCC is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change and that efforts to address climate change should promote the integration of all three components of sustainable development namely economic development, social development and environmental protection, as interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars, in an integrated, coordinated and balanced manner” international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, as a framework for international cooperation to combat climate change by limiting average global temperature increases and the resulting climate change, and coping with impacts that were, by then, inevitable. By 1995, countries launched negotiations to strengthen the global response to climate change, and, two years later, adopted the Kyoto Protocol which legally binds developed country Parties to emission reduction targets. The 2015 Paris Agreement, adopted in Paris on 12 December 2015, aiming to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius is the latest phase in the evolution of the UN climate change regime. NAM has reaffirmed that the UNFCC is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change and that efforts to address climate change should promote the integration of all three components of sustainable development namely economic development, social development and environmental protection, as interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars, in an integrated, coordinated and balanced manner. NAM Member States have been actively working towards addressing climate change and complying with the principles of the UNFCC. India signed the UNFCCC on 10 June 1992 and ratified it on 1 November 1993. As per the first Biennial Update Report (BUR) submitted by India to the UNFCC on 22 July 2016, India’s per capita GHG emission in 2010 was 1.56 tCO2 equivalent, which is less than one- third of the world’s per capita emissions and far below than many developed and developing countries. A reduction of emission intensity of GDP by about 12% between 2005 and 2010 was achieved against India’ voluntary pledge to reduce the emission intensity of its GDP by 20–25 per cent by 2020, compared with the 2005 level. The BUR also mentioned that 137 a measures at the state level and 286 policies at the state level relevant to addressing climate change had been undertaken. Such measures included the National Action Plan on Climate Change, Integrated Apart from India, other NAM Member States that have submitted first biennial report to UNFCC are Azerbaijan, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Ghana, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Peru, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, and Vietnam. Chile, Namibia, Singapore, and Tunisia are among the NAM Member States that have also submitted their second biennial report to the UNFCC. Chile signed the Paris Agreement in September 2016. In its second biennial report, Chile has mentioned about the creation of the Climate Change Office (OCC) in 2010. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System of Chile (SNICHILE) looks towards ensuring the sustainability of the preparation of Green House Gases (GHG) inventories in the country. Chilean President Bachelet has also announced the establishment of the Chilean Agency on Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Namibia signed the Paris Agreement on the 22 April 2016 and ratified it on the 21 September of the same year. In Namibia, the cabinet approved the National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (NCCSAP). (15) 10 September - 9 October, 2017
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