318 Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5 and Related Systems 12.2.1 10Base5 systems • 1Base5 Unscreened twisted pair cables, 1 Mbps, twin cable bus • 10Broad36 Cable television (CATV) type cable, 10 Mbps, broadband This is a coaxial cable system and uses the original cable for Ethernet systems – generically called ‘Thicknet’. It is a coaxial cable, of 50 ohm characteristic impedance, and yellow or orange in color. The naming convention for 10Base5: means 10 Mbps; baseband signaling on a cable that will support 500 meter segment lengths. It is difficult to work with, and so cannot normally be taken to the node directly. Instead, it is laid in a cabling tray etc and the transceiver electronics (medium attachment unit, MAU) is installed directly on the cable. From there an intermediate cable, known as an attachment unit interface (AUI) cable is used to connect to the NIC. This cable can be a maximum of 50 meters long, compensating for the lack of flexibility of placement of the segment cable. The AUI cable consists of 5 individually shielded pairs - two each (control and data) for both transmit and receive; plus one for power. Cutting the cable and inserting an N-connector and a coaxial Tee or more commonly by using a ‘bee sting’ or ‘vampire’ tap can make the MAU connection to the cable. This is a mechanical connection that clamps directly over the cable. Electrical connection is made via a probe that connects to the center conductor and sharp teeth which physically puncture the cable sheath to connect to the braid. These hardware components are shown in Figure 12.1. Figure 12.1 10Base5 hardware components
Ethernet and TCP/IP networks 319 The location of the connection is important to avoid multiple electrical reflections on the cable, and the Thicknet cable is marked every 2.5 meters with a black or brown ring to indicate where a tap should be placed. Fan out boxes can be used if there are a number of nodes for connection, allowing a single tap to feed each node as though it was individually connected. The connection at either end of the AUI cable is made through a 25-pin D-connector, with a slide latch, often called a DIX connector after the original consortium. Figure 12.2 AUI cable connectors There are certain requirements if this cable architecture is used in a network. These include: • Segments must be less than 500 meters in length to avoid signal attenuation problems • No more than 100 taps on each segment ie not every potential connection point can support a tap • Taps must be placed at integer multiples of 2.5 meters • The cable must be terminated with a 50 ohm terminator at each end • It must not be bent at a radius exceeding 24.4 cm or 10 inches • One end of the cable must be earthed The physical layout of a 10Base5 Ethernet segment is shown in Figure 12.3. The Thicknet cable was extensively used as a backbone cable until recently but 10BaseT and fiber is now far more popular. Note that when a MAU (tap) and AUI cable are used, the on board transceiver on the NIC is not used. Rather, there is a transceiver in the MAU and this is fed with power from the NIC via the AUI cable. Since the transceiver is remote from the NIC, the node needs to be aware that the termination can detect collisions if they occur. This confirmation is performed by a signal quality error (SQE), or heartbeat, test function in the MAU. The SQE signal is sent from the MAU to the node on detecting a collision on the bus. However, on completion of every frame transmission by the MAU, the SQE signal is asserted to ensure that the circuitry remains active, and that collisions can be detected. You should be aware that not all components support SQE test and mixing those that do with those that don’t could cause problems. Specifically, if an NIC was to receive a SQE signal after a frame had been sent, and it was not expecting it, the NIC could think it was seeing a collision. In turn, as you will see later in the manual, the NIC will then transmit a jam signal.
Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: D
Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: D
Contents Preface ..................
Contents vii 12.6 Frame reception .
Preface ix Chapter 3: Open SCADA pr
1 Introduction Objectives When you
Introduction 3 Figure 1.2 PC to IED
Introduction 5 The interconnection
Introduction 7 a number of sub-path
Introduction 9 The Internet protoco
Introduction 11 Outside the utiliti
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Key features of SCADA software incl
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
2.2.2 Control processor unit (or CP
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
2.5.2 Multi-point architecture (Mul
2.6 Communication philosophies Fund
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Pin 8 - Data carrier detect (DCD) F
2.7.6 Synchronous communications 2.
The two most common modes of operat
2.8.3 Error control/flow control Fu
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
Fundamentals of SCADA communication
3 Open SCADA protocols DNP3 and IEC
3.2.2 DNP 3.0 and IEC 60870 protoco
4.2 Interoperability and open stand
Preview of DNP3 69 The DNP3 User Gr
Preview of DNP3 71 The capability t
5 Fundamentals of distributed netwo
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
5.3.6 Full-duplex procedures Fundam
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
The message sequences are shown in
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
These rules are illustrated in the
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Freeze functions are typically used
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
Fundamentals of distributed network
6 Advanced considerations of distri
Advanced considerations of distribu
Advanced considerations of distribu
Advanced considerations of distribu
Advanced considerations of distribu
6.2 Interoperability between DNP3 d
6.3.2 Data classes and events Advan
Recommendations: 6.3.9 Multiple obj
6.3.15 Time-tagged binary input eve
Advanced considerations of distribu
Advanced considerations of distribu
Advanced considerations of distribu
Advanced considerations of distribu
Advanced considerations of distribu
Preview of IEC 60870-5 171 7.2 Stan
Preview of IEC 60870-5 173 Under IE
Preview of IEC 60870-5 175 over cor
8 Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 8.1 T
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 179 8.1
8.1.9 IEC 60870-5-101 1995 Fundamen
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 183 pro
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 185 MAS
8.4 Data link layer Fundamentals of
8.4.2 Order of information Fundamen
8.4.5 Unbalanced and balanced trans
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 193 Sta
Station/link initialization, balanc
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 197 The
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 199 To
Function codes from secondary stati
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 203 is
The following notes apply to these
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 207 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 209 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 211 Whe
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 213 8.5
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 215 to
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 217 Mas
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 219 Qua
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 221 Key
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 223 SVA
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 225 Key
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 227 DCO
8.6.4 Qualifier information element
Key - QOC Qualifier of command QU Q
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 233 SCQ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 235 LOF
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 237 FBP
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 239 In
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 241 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 243 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 245 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 247 Val
Type 11 Measured, scaled value Fund
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 251 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 253 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 255 Val
Type 20 Packed single-point with st
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 259 Pro
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 261 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 263 Typ
Fundamentals of IEC 60870-5 265 Typ
14.3.5 Uniform data model UCA proto
Figure 14.6 Device object model ove
UCA protocol 373 An excellent refer
Applications of DNP3 and SCADA prot
Applications of DNP3 and SCADA prot
Applications of DNP3 and SCADA prot
PDS 500 Data Map Applications of DN
Applications of DNP3 and SCADA prot
Applications of DNP3 and SCADA prot
Applications of DNP3 and SCADA prot
Applications of DNP3 and SCADA prot
16 Future developments Objectives W
Appendix A Glossary 3GPP 10Base2 10
Appendix A: Glossary 395 ATM Attenu
Appendix A: Glossary 397 Capacitanc
Appendix A: Glossary 399 Decibel (d
Appendix A: Glossary 401 ESS Etherl
Appendix A: Glossary 403 I/O addres
Manchester encoding Appendix A: Glo
Appendix A: Glossary 407 Packet PAD
Appendix A: Glossary 409 RFI Ring R
Appendix A: Glossary 411 TDMA TDR T
Appendix A: Glossary 413 X.25 CCITT
Appendix B: Implementers of DNP3 41
Appendix B: Implementers of DNP3 41
DNP3 device profile Appendix C: Sam
Appendix C: Sample device profile d
Appendix C: Sample device profile d
Appendix C: Sample device profile d
Appendix C: Sample device profile d
Software setup Appendix D: Practica
Appendix D: Practicals 431 1. Set u
Objectives • To show how a basic
Implementation/setting up TCP/IP Cl
Appendix D: Practicals 437 Click on
Appendix D: Practicals 439 Click on
Appendix D: Practicals 441 Now rese
Appendix D: Practicals 443 Practica
Appendix D: Practicals 445 This sho
Appendix D: Practicals 447 Once you
IMPORTANT NOTICE: Appendix D: Pract
Appendix D: Practicals 451 (This is
Appendix D: Practicals 453 PRACTICA
Click on the Diags button and the f
Appendix D: Practicals 457 The scre
Appendix D: Practicals 459 Assume t
Appendix D: Practicals 461 Problem
Network Loading Assumptions Item Da
2. IEC 60870-5-101 Packet Analysis
3.1.1.1.1 Appendix D: Practicals 46
Appendix D: Practicals 469 Valid Ca
3.1.1.1.7 Type 14 INFORMATION OBJEC
Appendix D: Practicals 473 3.1.1.1.
Appendix D: Practicals 475 QDS Qual
Appendix D: Practicals 477 7 6 5 4
3.1.1.1.11 Communication 1 Appendix
Communication 1 Answer Appendix D:
CITECT PRACTICAL For Citect Version
Appendix D: Practicals 485 Next cli
Appendix D: Practicals 487 (3) Defi
Appendix D: Practicals 489
Appendix D: Practicals 491 (4) Crea
Appendix D: Practicals 493 Use the
Appendix D: Practicals 495 Click on
Appendix D: Practicals 497 When fin
Appendix D: Practicals 499 What is
Communication 2 05640DC405001A00637
05640DC405001A006378C6C601010200003
Appendix D: Practicals 505 What are
Appendix D: Practicals 507 01 01 01
Appendix D: Practicals 509 E2 81 00
Appendix D: Practicals 511 At fist
Appendix D: Practicals 513 Then rem
Appendix D: Practicals 515 The next
Packet Interpretation Practical App
056408C40300A200EA80C5C5171E4405641
Appendix D: Practicals 521 Communic
05640DC405001A006378C6C601010200003
Appendix D: Practicals 525 What is
01 01 01 01 01 01 01 crc:BB crc:C3
Appendix D: Practicals 529 Read Dat
Index 531 Carrier sense with multip
Index 533 support for protocol, 310
Index 535 process related, 220 bina
Index 537 signal quality detector,