130218_Luxor-Egypt SECAP Final

esult of a partnership between Egypt and the Millennium Development Goals Achievement Fund
(MDGAF). The CCRMP has three main objectives to:
• Integrate GHG mitigation into national policy and investment frameworks;
• Increase climate change adaptation capacities, particularly in agriculture and water;
• Raise awareness regarding the impacts of climate change 59 .
Key achievements that came out of such joint programme are to successfully assist in and support the
establishment of the following units and capacity building:
• Clean Development Mechanism Awareness & Promotion Unit (CDMAPU) within EEAA,
• Energy Efficiency Unit (EEU) that advises the Cabinet on energy efficiency,
• The MoWRI’s capabilities to forecast climate change scenarios, and
• The irrigation research and climate change crop simulation activities of the Ministry of
Acclamation of Land Resources (MALR).
Further to the SNC to UNFCCC, Egypt published in 2010 a National Environmental, Economic and
Development Study (NEEDS) for CC to outline the financial and institutional needs for implementing
prospective and on-going adaptation and mitigation measures. This study recognizes that the next
phases of CC planning should include a National Action Plan for Adaptation (NAPA) and National Low
Carbon Economy Plan (NLCEP). The NEEDS report highlights the urgency for developing a GHG
monitoring system that aggregates and disseminates information about GHG emissions across sectors.
6.2. Adopted Measures within the framework of the INDCs
There are national efforts, which have been realized in the adaptation and mitigation. Egypt's
adaptation efforts can be outlined as per the INDCs 2015 as follows:
Adaptation Challenges
The vulnerability of Egypt's water resources to climate change depends on Nile flows, rainfall, and
ground water.
Agricultural sector
Climate change studies expect that the productivity of two major crops in Egypt - wheat and maize –
will be reduced by 15% and 19%, respectively, by 2050. Losses in crop productivity are mainly
attributed to frequent temperature increase, irrigation water deficit, and pests and plant disease. In
addition, 12% to 15% of the most fertile arable land in Nile Delta is negatively affected by sea level rise
and salt water intrusion. In terms of livestock production, current evidence shows that temperature
rise leads to harmful heat stress, which negatively impacts livestock productivity. New animal diseases
have emerged in Egypt, which have strong negative impacts on livestock production. These include
bluetongue disease and rift valley fever, which are both attributed to significant changes in the
Egyptian climate. Climate change is expected to increase seawater temperature, shifting fish
distributions northwards to live in deeper waters. In addition, increased water salinity in the coastal
lakes in Egypt is expected to negatively affect fish species.
Coastal zones
Costal zones are expected to suffer from climate change direct impacts. These include sea level rise
and the overflow of low-level land. Estimations indicate that sea level rise by 50 cm leads to serious
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