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DESIGNING TERRITORIAL METABOLISM

978-3-86859-489-8 https://www.jovis.de/de/buecher/product/designing_territorial_metabolism.html

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61<br />

From Ecology to Urbanism<br />

MÉTABOLISME URBAIN, RÉGION DE BRUXELLES CAPITALE<br />

MATIERES<br />

Parts et flux entrants (kt)<br />

FLUX entrants<br />

BRUXELLES<br />

FLUX sortants<br />

MATIERES<br />

Parts et flux sortants (kt)<br />

Autres Agriculture et<br />

1 767 alimentation<br />

2 039<br />

Minéraux<br />

2 239<br />

Combustibles<br />

2 215<br />

Métallurgie<br />

673<br />

8 932 kt<br />

75 kt<br />

448 kt<br />

6 770 kt<br />

déchets 1 730 kt<br />

Agriculture et<br />

alimentation<br />

Autres<br />

1 376<br />

1 758<br />

Combustibles<br />

726<br />

Minéraux et Métallurgie<br />

2 422 488<br />

Précipitations<br />

131 000 000 m<br />

STOCK MATERIEL<br />

Autres Bois Métaux Plastiques<br />

143 1 147 3 517 1 420<br />

Evapotranspiration<br />

57 000 000 m 3<br />

ENERGIE<br />

Parts et flux entrants (GWh)<br />

Industrie<br />

596<br />

Transport<br />

5 472 Tertiaire<br />

6 843<br />

Logement<br />

7 734<br />

Gaz naturel<br />

20 838 GWh<br />

Fioul*<br />

Electricité<br />

Produits pétroliers<br />

ENR**<br />

Charbon<br />

Cours d'eau<br />

120 000 000 m 3<br />

Eaux de distribution<br />

66 000 000 m 3<br />

Eaux usées (RF)<br />

32 000 000 m 3<br />

184 921 kt<br />

Non métaux<br />

178695<br />

3 2 100 000 m 130 000 000 m3<br />

1 150 GWh<br />

Cours d'eau<br />

272 000 000 m 3<br />

GES<br />

Parts et flux sortants (kt eq.CO 2 )<br />

Autres Gaz fluorés<br />

118 214<br />

Incinération<br />

223<br />

Résidentiel (énergie)<br />

3 693 kt eq. CO 1 353<br />

2<br />

663<br />

+ chaleur et autres émissions<br />

Eaux usées<br />

40 000 000 m 3<br />

Transport routier<br />

1 061<br />

Industries (énergie)<br />

63<br />

Tertiaire (énergie)<br />

* Fioul léger, ** biodiesel, bioethanol, bois, autre biocarburant inclus<br />

Source : ICEDD – ECORES – BATir, pour le compte de la Région de Bruxelles Capitale, bilan provisoire avril 2014<br />

Fig. 3: Metabolism of the Brussels Capital-Region. Diagram taken from research that investigates the functioning of<br />

urban systems in terms of direct and indirect resource requirements and the resulting environmental impact. EcoRes,<br />

ICEDD, and BATir, 2015.<br />

Meanwhile, the study of urban metabolism has not been widely applied in<br />

other cities in Europe and abroad, e.g., for tracking greenhouse gas emissions,<br />

measuring urban resource efficiency, or for sustainable design and planning (Clift et<br />

al. 2015).<br />

In line with those applications, three recent studies might provide some interesting<br />

insight into the state of the art of research and practice around the concepts<br />

of ecology and urban metabolism in Brussels. The first is the study Métabolisme de<br />

la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale developed by a consortium of consultants including<br />

the ULB (EcoRes et al., 2015) within the framework of the new Regional Program for<br />

a Circular Economy (PREC 2015). In order to assess resource efficiency and pollution<br />

emissions in Brussels, the study again draws on industrial ecology (EcoRes et al,.<br />

2015). 6 The final report collects an exhaustive database of material and energy input<br />

and output flows at the level of the Brussels Region and is intended as a tool for<br />

achieving an optimal planning of its resources.<br />

The second, Metropolitan Landscapes, is a strategic design study launched by<br />

Brussels and Flemish authorities in 2014 that focused on building new visions for<br />

the landscape and open spaces that lay in between the two regions. It takes those<br />

open spaces as potential areas for urban expansion but also as rich and important<br />

natural reservoirs for the city of Brussels [Fig. 4]. Inspired by the work of Reyner<br />

Banham on Los Angeles (1973), the preliminary study identified four “ecologies” that<br />

comprise those spaces: the “valley of infrastructure,” the “constructed landscapes,”<br />

the “system of parks,” and the “wet landscapes.” In this case, the term “ecology” defines<br />

a “territorial figure”: a key rhetorical tool widely used by urbanists (e.g., Gerber

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