DESIGNING TERRITORIAL METABOLISM
978-3-86859-489-8 https://www.jovis.de/de/buecher/product/designing_territorial_metabolism.html
978-3-86859-489-8
https://www.jovis.de/de/buecher/product/designing_territorial_metabolism.html
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61<br />
From Ecology to Urbanism<br />
MÉTABOLISME URBAIN, RÉGION DE BRUXELLES CAPITALE<br />
MATIERES<br />
Parts et flux entrants (kt)<br />
FLUX entrants<br />
BRUXELLES<br />
FLUX sortants<br />
MATIERES<br />
Parts et flux sortants (kt)<br />
Autres Agriculture et<br />
1 767 alimentation<br />
2 039<br />
Minéraux<br />
2 239<br />
Combustibles<br />
2 215<br />
Métallurgie<br />
673<br />
8 932 kt<br />
75 kt<br />
448 kt<br />
6 770 kt<br />
déchets 1 730 kt<br />
Agriculture et<br />
alimentation<br />
Autres<br />
1 376<br />
1 758<br />
Combustibles<br />
726<br />
Minéraux et Métallurgie<br />
2 422 488<br />
Précipitations<br />
131 000 000 m<br />
STOCK MATERIEL<br />
Autres Bois Métaux Plastiques<br />
143 1 147 3 517 1 420<br />
Evapotranspiration<br />
57 000 000 m 3<br />
ENERGIE<br />
Parts et flux entrants (GWh)<br />
Industrie<br />
596<br />
Transport<br />
5 472 Tertiaire<br />
6 843<br />
Logement<br />
7 734<br />
Gaz naturel<br />
20 838 GWh<br />
Fioul*<br />
Electricité<br />
Produits pétroliers<br />
ENR**<br />
Charbon<br />
Cours d'eau<br />
120 000 000 m 3<br />
Eaux de distribution<br />
66 000 000 m 3<br />
Eaux usées (RF)<br />
32 000 000 m 3<br />
184 921 kt<br />
Non métaux<br />
178695<br />
3 2 100 000 m 130 000 000 m3<br />
1 150 GWh<br />
Cours d'eau<br />
272 000 000 m 3<br />
GES<br />
Parts et flux sortants (kt eq.CO 2 )<br />
Autres Gaz fluorés<br />
118 214<br />
Incinération<br />
223<br />
Résidentiel (énergie)<br />
3 693 kt eq. CO 1 353<br />
2<br />
663<br />
+ chaleur et autres émissions<br />
Eaux usées<br />
40 000 000 m 3<br />
Transport routier<br />
1 061<br />
Industries (énergie)<br />
63<br />
Tertiaire (énergie)<br />
* Fioul léger, ** biodiesel, bioethanol, bois, autre biocarburant inclus<br />
Source : ICEDD – ECORES – BATir, pour le compte de la Région de Bruxelles Capitale, bilan provisoire avril 2014<br />
Fig. 3: Metabolism of the Brussels Capital-Region. Diagram taken from research that investigates the functioning of<br />
urban systems in terms of direct and indirect resource requirements and the resulting environmental impact. EcoRes,<br />
ICEDD, and BATir, 2015.<br />
Meanwhile, the study of urban metabolism has not been widely applied in<br />
other cities in Europe and abroad, e.g., for tracking greenhouse gas emissions,<br />
measuring urban resource efficiency, or for sustainable design and planning (Clift et<br />
al. 2015).<br />
In line with those applications, three recent studies might provide some interesting<br />
insight into the state of the art of research and practice around the concepts<br />
of ecology and urban metabolism in Brussels. The first is the study Métabolisme de<br />
la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale developed by a consortium of consultants including<br />
the ULB (EcoRes et al., 2015) within the framework of the new Regional Program for<br />
a Circular Economy (PREC 2015). In order to assess resource efficiency and pollution<br />
emissions in Brussels, the study again draws on industrial ecology (EcoRes et al,.<br />
2015). 6 The final report collects an exhaustive database of material and energy input<br />
and output flows at the level of the Brussels Region and is intended as a tool for<br />
achieving an optimal planning of its resources.<br />
The second, Metropolitan Landscapes, is a strategic design study launched by<br />
Brussels and Flemish authorities in 2014 that focused on building new visions for<br />
the landscape and open spaces that lay in between the two regions. It takes those<br />
open spaces as potential areas for urban expansion but also as rich and important<br />
natural reservoirs for the city of Brussels [Fig. 4]. Inspired by the work of Reyner<br />
Banham on Los Angeles (1973), the preliminary study identified four “ecologies” that<br />
comprise those spaces: the “valley of infrastructure,” the “constructed landscapes,”<br />
the “system of parks,” and the “wet landscapes.” In this case, the term “ecology” defines<br />
a “territorial figure”: a key rhetorical tool widely used by urbanists (e.g., Gerber