Ethics of Islam

or elements are divided into three groups:
1– Real minerals (also called metals).
2– Non-minerals (also called ametals).
3– Half minerals (semi-metals).
There are seventy-eight real minerals. Seventy-seven of them
are in solid form at room temperature, with the exception of
mercury, which is in liquid form at room temperature. Its boiling
temperature is 357.3 degree Celsius and it becomes solid at -39.4
degree Celsius. When solid real minerals are beaten with a
hammer, they take sheet-metal form. They are not pulverized.
When atoms of metals combine with other atoms, they carry a
positive electric charge. They cannot carry negative electric
charges. Therefore, two metals cannot combine with each other
because two metals which have positive charges do not attract
each other. On the contrary, they repel each other.
There are seventeen ametals. One of them is in liquid form;
five of them are in solid form and eleven of them are in gaseous
form. When solid ametals are beaten with a hammer in a mortar,
they will be pulverized instead of taking the form of a sheet. Pure
charcoal is an ametal and is called carbon in chemistry. When
ametal atoms take the composite form by combining with others,
they can carry positive as well as negative electricity. Therefore, a
few ametal atoms can combine together to form a molecule.
Composite objects are divided into two groups. Those which
possess carbon and hydrogen atoms simultaneously in their
constitution are called organic materials. They are flammable and
come into existence in living beings. Recently, some of these
materials have been synthesized in laboratories and plants. Fat,
sugar, acetone, quinine are some of the examples for organic
substances. Objects which do not contain carbon and hydrogen
simultaneously (namely hydrocarbons) in their constitution are
called inorganic objects. They exist on the shell of the earth and
in a dissolved form in the sea. Salt used in cooking, water,
limestone, silica and sand are of this type.
All of these inanimate objects are mixed and combined in a
certain manner to form the basic building block of living cells.
Cells are living things. Animal cells differ from plant cells, and
human cells are similar to animal cells. Living cells combine to
form tissues while different kinds of tissues combine to form
organs. Various organs combine together to form systems. The
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