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RPR_FY2015_08

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data collected for commodity (products) balances for coal, petroleum, gas,<br />

electricity, and renewables. The data are usually expressed in physical units of the<br />

products so that, for each product, the completeness of the data can be observed<br />

from the commodity balance. The data in the commodity balance are combined to<br />

produce the energy balance.<br />

2.2.1 Data collection format<br />

The primary energy data required for the development of the Cambodia Energy<br />

Balance Table 2010–2015 has already been discussed in Chapter 1. These data are<br />

then entered in the reporting format for each energy product, which in the case of<br />

Cambodia consists of coal; petroleum products; biomass (firewood, charcoal, biogas,<br />

and others); hydro; and electricity (including imported electricity). The format used<br />

is the questionnaire jointly developed by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation<br />

(APEC) forum and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to assemble<br />

the main statistics of each product and provides a check on the completeness of the<br />

data because the questionnaire will balance the supply and use of the respective<br />

products. The APEC–ASEAN joint questionnaire consists of five questionnaires, one<br />

each for the energy products (coal, oil, gas, oil, electricity, and renewables). The<br />

questionnaire basically contains the supply data, transformation, energy industry<br />

own use, and final consumption (including non-energy use).<br />

After completely entering the data in the APEC–ASEAN joint format, which for<br />

Cambodia excludes the natural gas questionnaire, the data are then used to<br />

generate the energy balance table through an interface programme developed by<br />

ERIA for the Cambodia Energy Statistics project.<br />

2.2.2 Unit and conversion<br />

All entries in the energy balance table are expressed in one energy unit: kilocalorie<br />

(kcal), gigajoule (GJ), kiloton of oil equivalent (ktoe), and so on. Net calorific values<br />

are generally used in building energy balances since most current technologies are<br />

still not able to recover the latent heat, which would thus not be treated as part of<br />

a fuel's energy-providing capability. However, providing both gross and net calorific<br />

values while making clear which one is used in the energy balance is considered<br />

good practice. This allows the monitoring of technological advances with respect to<br />

recovering latent heat (DECC, n.d.).<br />

The unit in the APEC–ASEAN joint questionnaire is the physical unit and differs<br />

between the products. The unit in the oil questionnaire is in thousand metric tons<br />

(kt), whereas the primary data are mainly in kilolitres (kl) and barrels.<br />

20 | Chapter 2 • Energy Balance Table

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