Horticulture Principles and Practices

PART 6
Summary 541
References and Suggested Reading 541
Outcomes Assessment 541
Chapter 18 TURF PRODUCTION AND USE 542
PURPOSE AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES 542
OVERVIEW 542
18.1 PURPOSE OF LAWNS 543
18.2 ESTABLISHING A LAWN 544
18.3 PLANTING TURFGRASS 549
18.4 PLANTING GRASS BY VEGETATIVE METHODS 552
18.5 TURF MANAGEMENT 555
18.6 COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE LAWN 561
18.7 TURF FOR ATHLETIC PURPOSES 562
Summary 564
References and Suggested Reading 564
Practical Experience 565
Chapter 19 PRUNING 566
PURPOSE AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES 566
OVERVIEW 566
19.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING AND TRAINING 567
19.2 OBJECTIVES OF PRUNING 568
19.3 PLANT RESPONSE TO PRUNING 569
19.4 PRUNING TOOLS 570
19.5 PRUNING TECHNIQUES 572
19.6 STRATEGIES FOR PRUNING ABOVEGROUND PLANT PARTS 577
19.7 TREE TOPPING 578
19.8 PRUNING ROOTS 579
19.9 TRAINING PLANTS 580
19.10 TRAINING AND PRUNING ORNAMENTAL TREES 580
19.11 MAINTENANCE OF ESTABLISHED TREES 583
19.12 RENOVATING ESTABLISHED TREES 584
19.13 SPECIAL TRAINING AND PRUNING TECHNIQUES 584
19.14 TRAINING AND PRUNING FRUIT TREES 585
INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHT:TRAINING & PRUNING DECIDUOUS
FRUIT TREES 587
19.15 COMMON TREE PROBLEMS 600
19.16 TRAINING AND PRUNING SMALL FRUIT TREES 600
19.17 PRUNING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 601
19.18 PRUNING HEDGES 603
19.19 ORNAMENTAL STEMS 605
19.20 TRAINING AND PRUNING CLIMBING PLANTS 606
Summary 607
References and Suggested Reading 608
Outcomes Assessment 608
GROWING PLANTS OUTDOORS: VEGETABLES,
FRUITS, AND NUTS 609
Chapter 20 GROWING VEGETABLES OUTDOORS 611
PURPOSE AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES 611
OVERVIEW 611
Contents
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