3. Supply materials on a

3. Supply materials on a timely basis. The materials should be ready when they are needed to avoid delays in completing the project. 4. Deliver well-packaged plant materials. Plants harvested with a ball of soil around the root should be properly packed. Cracked soil balls can seriously jeopardize the survival of plants in the landscape. Plants should be protected from bruising and damage to the bark. 5. Provide at least basic instructions for minimal care of the plants. 16.2 LOCATIONOFTHENURSERY Just as in locating a greenhouse, a nursery site should be selected after careful analysis, considering both economic and ecological factors. The ecological or environmental considerations include soil and climate. Since production is largely under open-air environments (i.e., not controlled like a greenhouse), the factors are more critical now than when considering the location of a greenhouse. These factors are discussed in detail in Chapter 12. Thus, discussions in this module are limited to certain aspects of these factors and how they specifically affect outdoor open nursery production. These factors are described in the following sections. 16.2.1 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS Important climatic factors to consider in locating a nursery include temperature, rainfall, wind, light, and air pollution. Temperature Nurseries produce young plants or seedlings, which are more sensitive than older plants to changes in climatic conditions. Seedlings are generally intolerant of rapid changes in temperature. If a nursery is being considered for the West Coast of the United States (e.g., California) where winters are mild and the growing season longer, the need for winter protection of plants (overwintering) is not critical for container culture. On the other hand, an East Coast production enterprise should consider erecting structures for winter protection of plants in containers. Rainfall The rainfall pattern for an area should be well understood. Certain operations cannot be delayed in a nursery enterprise. Rainfall can be supplemented with irrigation if needed, but rains that come during field preparations (e.g., tillage and making beds) or planting time could be very problematic for an operation. Production schedules are delayed because, for example, the field may be too wet to prepare it for planting. Areas that are prone to unpredictable severe weather should be avoided. If seedlings are damaged by hail or storms, for example, the nursery is likely to take a loss in revenue because the plants may be too old to sell by the time the damage is corrected. Wind Nursery plants need to be sheltered from strong winds, which can topple plants in containers and damage young plants. Because plants in the nursery are meant to be around for only a short period of time before being marketed, spacing is closer than it should be in the landscape. Consequently, a delay in selling could make plants compete for space and become top heavy and prone to being blown down by even slight winds. Further, the containers used are generally relatively light to facilitate transportation, which contributes to their susceptibility to wind effects. To overcome this problem, a nursery should be located in an area where natural windbreaks occur; otherwise, artificial windbreaks must be installed. 16.2 Location of the Nursery 501

Light 502 Chapter 16 Nursery Production Unlike a greenhouse, in which supplemental lighting can be provided, field production relies solely on sunlight. Shade houses can be erected for plants that need such conditions. Unwanted shading sometimes is experienced where trees are used to provide shelter from the winds. Air Pollution A nursery should be located where it will not suffer from air pollution. If it has to be established in a heavily industrialized area, it should be located upwind to escape the pollutants emitted from the various industrial facilities. 16.2.2 SOIL FACTORS Soil factors that affect the location of a nursery include drainage, topography, soil texture and structure, and soil fertility. Drainage The proposed site for a nursery should be naturally well drained. If it is not, artificial drainage is required, adding to production costs. Drainage is required for good aeration of the soil and to reduce the incidence of soilborne diseases. Well-drained soils allow rapid soil warming for early production in spring. Topography The terrain of the site has implications in drainage, soil erosion, ease of land preparation, and general ease of production operations. If the site is rolling, use of machinery is hampered and irrigation systems are more difficult to install and operate. It may become necessary to spend additional money to level or terrace the site to facilitate production operations. On a rolling site, low parts of the land are likely to experience drainage problems and be susceptible to frost damage. Soil Texture and Structure Field production of seedlings for sale requires that plants be dug up at some point. If bare-root production is intended, a soil with loose structure (sand or loam) is preferred. For balled and burlapped production, the soil should be cohesive enough to form a ball around the roots. A properly textured soil also drains well, holds moisture at a desirable level, and is easy to work and well aerated. Soil Fertility The soil must be fertilized sooner or later for optimal production. However, the site should have some native fertility and be responsive to fertilization. The higher the soil quality (in terms of organic matter content, pH, and nutrition), the fewer the initial amendments. 16.2.3 NURSERY STRUCTURES The type of structures needed depends on the region in which the nursery is located. As previously indicated, an area’s climate may require the provision of overwintering facilities. Some plants may need shelter from intense sunlight, necessitating the construction of shade houses. Because some greenhouse-type production may be necessary to successfully produce certain types of plants, nurseries may construct greenhouses. For propagation, a cold frame or hotbed may be required at a nursery site. A variety of storage facilities are needed on-site. Storage is needed for supplies, including seed, chemicals (e.g., fertilizers and pesticides), equipment, and temporarily for planting materials awaiting shipment. These facilities are in addition to basic ones

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HORTICULTURE Principles and Practic
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HORTICULTURE Principles and Practic
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With love to Theresa, quarterback;
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Brief Contents Preface xxi PART 1 T
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Contents Preface xxi PART 1 THE UND
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5.3 PLANT GROWTH PROCESSES 160 5.4
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8.20 COMMON GREENHOUSE DISEASES 276
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12.3 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
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PART 6 Summary 541 References and S
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22.18 INDOOR COMPOSTING SYSTEMS 668
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Preface Horticulture is the area of
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful
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PART 1 THE UNDERLYING SCIENCE CHAPT
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1 What Is Horticulture? PURPOSE AND
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(a) (c) (b) (d) FIGURE 1-1 The many
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FIGURE 1 Bridge. The plaza view of
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CYCADS Many people mistake these pr
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FIGURE 2 The world's largest unbran
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FIGURE 2 Sold flowers are loaded on
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FIGURE 1-4 Formal landscaping featu
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1.4 ROLEOFTHENURSERY AND SEED INDUS
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1.5 HORTICULTURE AND SOCIETY Hortic
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TABLE 1-3 U.S. Horticultural Export
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Turfgrass Operation 1. Landscape te
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What Is Horticulture? This site pro
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Examples of botanical gardens http:
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2 Classifying and Naming Horticultu
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Eight major taxa are commonly used
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TABLE 2-3 The Divisions of the King
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HISTORY OF PLANT TAXONOMY PAUL R. F
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AGE OF HERBALISTS Two major events
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possible system of nomenclature. Ho
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TABLE 1 Type Categories for Plant N
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2.3 OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS (O
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2. Shrubs. A shrub has no main trun
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Simple Fruits Fleshy Fruits Drupe B
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FIGURE 2-14 A pome, represented by
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2.3.5 CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES
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(a) (b) FIGURE 2-22 (Source: George
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FIGURE 2-25 A narrowleaf plant. (So
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FIGURE 2-29 Parts of a typical gras
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such as rosemary, sage, thyme, marj
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c. Leaves d. Bulbs 2. Cut across (t
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Whole plant Organs FIGURE 3-1 Level
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ibonucleic acid (RNA), proteins, an
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called cristae; this extreme foldin
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By virtue of its position, the prim
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Phloem Tissue Structurally, phloem
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(a) Stalk (b) Culm FIGURE 3-5 Cross
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Scale Compressed stem (a) Whole bul
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Upper epidermis Palisade layer FIGU
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usually occur in xerophytes. In cer
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FIGURE 3-22 Selected common leaf ma
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FIGURE 3-25 Selected common leaf ti
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absorption of water and minerals fr
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Outer bark Inner bark FIGURE 3-37 T
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Anther Filament Stamen FIGURE 3-41
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Exocarp Parts of a typi- FIGURE 3-4
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PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE LABORATORY 1.
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4.1 CLIMATE, WEATHER, AND HORTICULT
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concentration in the atmosphere.A c
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TABLE 4-1 Climatic Adaptation of Se
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and upward. Another important gener
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Rate of photosynthesis mg/sq. dm/hr
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and plants that flower under only c
Page 132 and 133:
times of the year. Growers start th
Page 134 and 135:
content. This section is sometimes
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TABLE 4-7 Soil Mineral Nutrients Es
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Micronutrients (Trace Elements) Mic
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Neutral FIGURE 4-11 A representatio
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4.4 FERTILIZERS Fertilizer sources
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One of the most commonly used contr
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Chlorosis (the yellowing of green l
Page 148 and 149:
Fertilizers may be applied before p
Page 150 and 151:
It is neither practical nor safe to
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Solution: How much of ammonium nitr
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1°C (34°F), the optimum temperatu
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Cellulose sponge Perched water tabl
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Overhead Sprinkler Irrigation Water
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FIGURE 4-19 Furrow irrigation of le
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can self-install an underground irr
Page 164 and 165:
1. Surface drainage. Surface draina
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Secondary Tillage Primary tillage i
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(a) (b) (c) (d) FIGURE 4-20 (Source
Page 170 and 171:
texture. The most commonly used gra
Page 172 and 173:
TABLE 4-11 Selected Standard Mixes
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Steam Pasteurization Steam pasteuri
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Maracher, H. 1986. Mineral nutritio
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5 Plant Physiology PURPOSE AND EXPE
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Growth in an organism follows a cer
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5.1.2 THE ROLE OF SIGNALS IN GROWTH
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waxes are embedded. Waxes consist o
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5.3.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis
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CO 2 FIGURE 5-6 The C 4 pathway of
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Growth and Development The general
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TABLE 5-2 Energy Produced from Aero
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Certain plants are adapted to dry e
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conditions exist to sustain growth
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Shoot Elongation In certain plants,
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for success, since high temperature
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FIGURE 5-13 Ripening of plantain sh
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Terminal bud removed Unbranched pla
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conditions—pertaining to light, m
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them to maturity. The major process
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6 Breeding Horticultural Plants PUR
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Similarly, there can be no plant br
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APPLICATION, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPE
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hit with target DNA. Therefore, it
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Generally, within ten days of exper
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Aziz A.N., Sauve R.J., Zhou S., 200
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(b) F 1 Rr Rr round round F 2 RR R
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e.g., Aa × Aa), the lethal allele
Page 226 and 227:
eeder’s equation. Simply stated,
Page 228 and 229:
Before the seed or product becomes
Page 230 and 231:
6.18.2 THE GENERAL STEPS OF RDNA TE
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2. Political disagreement. There ar
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REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING Ac
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PART 2 PROTECTING HORTICULTURAL PLA
Page 238 and 239:
7 Biological Enemies of Horticultur
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8. Weeds may clog drains, waterways
Page 242 and 243:
is also a root parasite that obtain
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LEGISLATIVE Both state and federal
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Example Integrated cultural, physic
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7.4.2 IMPORTANT INSECT ORDERS Insec
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Egg FIGURE 7-3 Life cycle of an ins
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sucking insects (also found with so
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FIGURE 7-12 Corn earworm damage. (S
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TABLE 7-1 Selected Fungal Diseases
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7.6.1 SMALL ANIMALS Rabbits, mice,
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FIGURE 7-16 The disease triangle. P
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fungitoxic exudates in its leaves,
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SUMMARY Insects are a major class o
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For the home growers or those who c
Page 268 and 269:
for consumers and the environment).
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TABLE 8-1 Strategy 4: Strategies an
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gibberellic acid spray overcomes st
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In a competitive industry, a variet
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Chemicals gain access to humans thr
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2. Pesticide management. Controllin
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Every organism has its natural enem
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TABLE 8-3 Selected Examples of Biol
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1 2 YEAR 3 4 FIGURE 8-5 cycle. A cr
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6. Heat treatment. In the greenhous
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Organic Compounds (Organics) Organi
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under enclosed conditions (e.g., wa
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FIGURE 8-9 A tractor-mounted spraye
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8.11.9 LANDSCAPE PESTS AND THEIR CO
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application, a particular herbicide
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Further, they do not provide unifor
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SUMMARY Herbicides are chemicals us
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Sulfur may be applied for both prev
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8.23 PREVENTING GREENHOUSE DISEASES
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PART 3 PROPAGATING HORTICULTURAL PL
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9 Sexual Propagation PURPOSE AND EX
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Anther Microspore Megaspore mother
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Lettuce seeds Red light Darkness Fa
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FEDERAL AND STATE SEED LAWS Federal
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Germination Test In laboratory prac
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FIGURE 15 The essential structures
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processing into flour or meal). How
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physiologically immature seeds must
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seeds may be treated in this way be
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The two basic modes of seedling eme
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locations in the field. Home garden
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FIGURE 9-9 A plastic flat. (Source:
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(a) (b) FIGURE 9-12 (a) Sowing seed
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y the gardener or grower. Whatever
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REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING Co
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species enables vegetative propagat
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for rapid rooting. There are two ba
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Cutting involving one node (e.g., s
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This practice is especially importa
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10.6.4 STICKING THE CUTTING Cutting
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(a) Indexing by budding Diseased pl
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10.11 M ETHODS OF GRAFTING Grafting
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Scion Wax FIGURE 10-17 Steps in bar
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MODULE 3 BUDDING 10.12 TYPES OF BUD
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MODULE 4 LAYERING 10.13 TYPES OF LA
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Buried part of shoot is nicked FIGU
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variety of ways. In air layering, a
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FIGURE 10-34 by using cormels. Prop
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Psuedobulbs In the Dendrobium orchi
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The technique is used widely in cro
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PART 4 GROWING PLANTS INDOORS CHAPT
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11 Growing Houseplants PURPOSE AND
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TABLE 11-1 Common houseplants Commo
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Saddle leaf Philodendron selloum To
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Window Displays Plants in windows e
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CONTAINER GARDENS DR. TERRI W. STAR
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annuals and hardy perennial species
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of the large container filled with
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perfection about four to six weeks
Page 386 and 387:
FIGURE 11-6 Flowers displayed on th
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TABLE 11-5 Plant Selected Plants fo
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The lighting condition near these w
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Fluorescent Lights Fluorescent ligh
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may be used for one pot or a group
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garden rooms, atriums, or a large c
Page 398 and 399:
The photoperiod affects when the ho
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patted firm to keep the plant erect
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Other Materials Apart from clay and
Page 404 and 405:
(a) ( FIGURE 11-25 Support for plan
Page 406 and 407:
TABLE 11-7 Common Problems of House
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• Keep soil moist all the time
Page 410 and 411:
• Prefers high temperatures • P
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amount and quality of light. If sup
Page 414 and 415:
12 Controlled-Environment Horticult
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6. Curvilinear 7. Curved eave 8. Do
Page 418 and 419:
Detached greenhouses have several a
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12.2.3 FRAME DESIGN There are two b
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horticultural business a less-expen
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Texas, Hawaii, and California. The
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source of heat for times when the t
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FIGURE 12-17 Greenhouse production
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FIGURE 12-21 Moving tables allowing
Page 432 and 433:
Research program on greenhouse engi
Page 434 and 435:
greenhouses equipped with a variety
Page 436 and 437:
FIGURE 1 Annual energy required per
Page 438 and 439:
This system was demonstrated in a 5
Page 440 and 441:
FIGURE 6 Amounts of waste energy ut
Page 442 and 443:
Ekholt, B.A., D.R. Mears, M.S. Gini
Page 444 and 445:
or object to be warmed. Failure to
Page 446 and 447:
objects in its path (e.g., the floo
Page 448 and 449:
FIGURE 12-27 Motorized ventilation
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FIGURE 12-30 Movable internal shade
Page 452 and 453:
FIGURE 12-33 A high pressure sodium
Page 454 and 455:
Source of Water The quality of loca
Page 456 and 457:
FIGURE 12-37 Overhead sprinkler irr
Page 458 and 459:
Intermittent Feed Greenhouse plants
Page 460 and 461:
However, in winter, greenhouse vent
Page 462 and 463:
OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT 1. Explain the
Page 464 and 465:
. Foliage or green plants. Foliage
Page 466 and 467:
2. Labor. The size of the labor for
Page 468 and 469:
FIGURE 13-1 Greenhouse production o
Page 470 and 471:
FIGURE 13-2 Lettuce plug is inserte
Page 472 and 473:
13.8.4 AGGREGATE HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS
Page 474 and 475:
(a) (b) (c) FIGURE 13-6 Plug produc
Page 476 and 477: 14 Growing Succulents PURPOSE AND E
Page 478 and 479: FIGURE 14-3 Leaf succulent represen
Page 480 and 481: frost-hardy. Their rosettes are usu
Page 482 and 483: TABLE 14-1 Plant Selected Popular S
Page 484 and 485: (a) (b) FIGURE 14-12 Typical bromel
Page 486 and 487: 14.7.1 WHAT ARE CACTI? 14.7 CACTI C
Page 488 and 489: FIGURE 14-16 Opuntia. (Source: Crai
Page 490 and 491: FIGURE 14-23 Mammillaria. (Source:
Page 492 and 493: FIGURE 14-28 Both desert and jungle
Page 494 and 495: Growing mix Gravel Cacti (a) (b) FI
Page 496 and 497: PART5 GROWING PLANTS OUTDOORS: ORNA
Page 498 and 499: 15 Principles of Landscaping PURPOS
Page 500 and 501: 8. Create recreational grounds. Suc
Page 502 and 503: knowledge, with concern for resourc
Page 504 and 505: (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 15-2 The occurre
Page 506 and 507: GUIDELINES FOR LANDSCAPE DESIGN DAV
Page 508 and 509: the landscape. Some very successful
Page 510 and 511: Rhythm and Line Panoramic view of a
Page 512 and 513: FIGURE 15-10 A formal garden. The e
Page 514 and 515: How frequently do they entertain? A
Page 516 and 517: the patio should be located on the
Page 518 and 519: 15.7.1 SELECTING PLANTS A homeowner
Page 520 and 521: Plant Arrangement in the Landscape
Page 522 and 523: Shadow FIGURE 15-15 Planting a tree
Page 524 and 525: SUMMARY Landscaping enhances the su
Page 528 and 529: such as preparation rooms (for mixi
Page 530 and 531: of environmental fluctuations. Furt
Page 532 and 533: FIGURE 16-4 A bare-root tree seedli
Page 534 and 535: 17 Installation of the Landscape PU
Page 536 and 537: for walks, driveways, and patios (F
Page 538 and 539: Planting may be limited to accentin
Page 540 and 541: 17.3.3 PREPARING THE BED The soil s
Page 542 and 543: FIGURE 17-4 Bedding plants raised i
Page 544 and 545: SUMMARY Bedding plants are largely
Page 546 and 547: TABLE 17-6 Selected Ground Covers T
Page 548 and 549: TABLE 17-7 Selected Ornamental Gras
Page 550 and 551: they determine the success and surv
Page 552 and 553: 12. Wildlife attraction. Trees in t
Page 554 and 555: pennsylvanica), hackberry (Celtis s
Page 556 and 557: y winds. A stake, which is often a
Page 558 and 559: TABLE 17-8 Selected Narrowleaf Ever
Page 560 and 561: TABLE 17-11 Selected Deciduous Shru
Page 562 and 563: Blooming bushes 1. Blue mist shrub
Page 564 and 565: Planting Bulblets and Bulbils Speci
Page 566 and 567: may be divided such that each secti
Page 568 and 569: FIGURE 18-1 (Source: George Acquaah
Page 570 and 571: Cool-Season (Temperate) Grasses In
Page 572 and 573: Growth Habit Turfgrasses are the mo
Page 574 and 575: Heavy Use Lawns on playgrounds and
Page 576 and 577:
The seed should be free from weeds
Page 578 and 579:
Source of Sod As with seed, sod sup
Page 580 and 581:
A plug of sod FIGURE 18-7 Plugging
Page 582 and 583:
way, plants are able to adapt to th
Page 584 and 585:
form of a can placed on the lawn wi
Page 586 and 587:
TABLE 18-3 Some Common Lawn and Tur
Page 588 and 589:
even surface soil surface for layin
Page 590 and 591:
MacCaskey, M. 1987. All about lawns
Page 592 and 593:
Pruning is sometimes done in conjun
Page 594 and 595:
4. Pruning may be done to reduce th
Page 596 and 597:
19.4.2 SAWS A saw may be designed t
Page 598 and 599:
defeat the purpose of pruning. The
Page 600 and 601:
Bud withers as cut end dries back d
Page 602 and 603:
19.6 STRATEGIES FOR PRUNING ABOVEGR
Page 604 and 605:
Rejuvenation Pruning Cut canes to a
Page 606 and 607:
3. In the third and subsequent year
Page 608 and 609:
(a) Cut Prune (b) FIGURE 19-16 Step
Page 610 and 611:
Eucalyptus and Paulownia are amenab
Page 612 and 613:
TRAINING & PRUNING DECIDUOUS FRUIT
Page 614 and 615:
Summer pruning eliminates an energy
Page 616 and 617:
a) b) FIGURE 2 Newly planted apple
Page 618 and 619:
FIGURE 6 Wooden limb spreaders can
Page 620 and 621:
FIGURE 9. An apple tree trained to
Page 622 and 623:
years to promote continued lateral
Page 624 and 625:
Horizontal Espalier The horizontal
Page 626 and 627:
19.16.1 CANE FRUITS Cane fruits are
Page 628 and 629:
FIGURE 19-26 Shearing of Christmas
Page 630 and 631:
pyramid-like form that is wider at
Page 632 and 633:
After selecting the appropriate spe
Page 634 and 635:
PART 6 GROWING PLANTS OUTDOORS: VEG
Page 636 and 637:
20 Growing Vegetables Outdoors PURP
Page 638 and 639:
The National Agricultural Statistic
Page 640 and 641:
(This item omitted from WebBook edi
Page 642 and 643:
growers should take to determine an
Page 644 and 645:
pests and reduce/ eliminate hail da
Page 646 and 647:
square yard (10 to 68 grams per squ
Page 648 and 649:
High tunnels help increase the prof
Page 650 and 651:
(This item omitted from WebBook edi
Page 652 and 653:
20.4 VEGETABLE MARKET TYPES Fresh V
Page 654 and 655:
Establishing the Crop Planting into
Page 656 and 657:
home water supply from the tap. Thi
Page 658 and 659:
Cole crop Cabbage Root Potato Bean
Page 660 and 661:
6. Adequate nutrition. While overfe
Page 662 and 663:
variable, ranging from creamy yello
Page 664 and 665:
There are two general production pr
Page 666 and 667:
This toxin is heat resistant and no
Page 668 and 669:
large, or jumbo. The bulb may be sw
Page 670 and 671:
REFERENCES Growing selected vegetab
Page 672 and 673:
TABLE 21-1 Popular Herbs and Their
Page 674 and 675:
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) FIGURE 21-1
Page 676 and 677:
22 Organic Farming PURPOSE AND EXPE
Page 678 and 679:
22.3 PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC FARMING
Page 680 and 681:
and the specific materials to be us
Page 682 and 683:
22.8 MANAGING SOIL PHYSICAL QUALITY
Page 684 and 685:
preemergent or early postemergent o
Page 686 and 687:
Composting is a deliberate activity
Page 688 and 689:
22.14.5 THE CARBON-TO-NITROGEN RATI
Page 690 and 691:
Moisture Supply Water is required b
Page 692 and 693:
Compost materials FIGURE 22-4 a wir
Page 694 and 695:
As microbial decomposition proceeds
Page 696 and 697:
Establishment and Management of an
Page 698 and 699:
night, freezing can occur in spring
Page 700 and 701:
accomplished by stratification. It
Page 702 and 703:
transmitted by the dagger nematode
Page 704 and 705:
PART 7 SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND HANDL
Page 706 and 707:
24 Cut Flowers and Floral Design PU
Page 708 and 709:
to more than four-fold in standard
Page 710 and 711:
Temperature and Humidity Wilting re
Page 712 and 713:
FLORAL DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW BY WM. J
Page 714 and 715:
Principle Definition Types (or Uses
Page 716 and 717:
pH value-a measure of the acidity o
Page 718 and 719:
FIGURE 6 Parallel Design-Parallel d
Page 720 and 721:
24.3.2 TOOLS AND MATERIALS The tool
Page 722 and 723:
3. Establish the focal point. 4. Ad
Page 724 and 725:
Natural Drying To dry naturally, fl
Page 726 and 727:
24.4.3 DRIED FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS Dr
Page 728 and 729:
25 Terrarium Culture PURPOSE AND EX
Page 730 and 731:
FIGURE 25-3 Terrarium containers ar
Page 732 and 733:
FIGURE 25-5 Assortment of tools use
Page 734 and 735:
25.6.7 ENHANCING THE DISPLAY Certai
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(a) (b) FIGURE 26-1 Bonsai can be c
Page 738 and 739:
TABLE 26-3 Plant A Selection of Pop
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26.3.1 COLLECTING BONSAI PLANTS FRO
Page 742 and 743:
Strip bark Bare branch FIGURE 26-9
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26.5.2 SANITATION It is critical to
Page 746 and 747:
27 Postharvest Handling and Marketi
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whereas oranges are picked (they ha
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(b) (a) (c) (d) (e1) (e2) (f) FIGUR
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To reduce packaging injury, contain
Page 754 and 755:
is replaced by the by-product of re
Page 756 and 757:
Stored produce may lose some color,
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with pricing. When selling by volum
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(a) (b) FIGURE 27-5 Horticultural p
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APPENDIX A Temperature: Converting
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APPENDIX B Metric Conversion Chart
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APPENDIX D Common and Scientific Na
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Pecan (Carya illinoensis) Peony (Pa
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GLOSSARY A Abaxial Turned away from
Page 772 and 773:
Cellulose A complex carbohydrate th
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Floriculture The science and practi
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M Macronutrient An essential elemen
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Root cap A mass of hard cells cover
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INDEX A-frame, 395 A-horizon, 108 A
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defined, 390 fertilization, 432-434
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Radiant heaters, 378 Radicle, 90 Re
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color plate 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) M
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color plate 3 (b) (a) (c) (d) (e) (
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color plate 5 (a) (b) (d) (c) (e) (
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color plate 7 (b) (c) (d) (a) (e) (
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color plate 9 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (
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color plate 11 (a) (c) (b) (d) Grow
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color plate 13 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Page 800 and 801:
color plate 15 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Page 802 and 803:
color plate 17 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Page 804 and 805:
color plate 19 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Page 806 and 807:
color plate 21 (a) (b) (c) (e) (d)
Page 808 and 809:
color plate 23 (c) (b) (a) (d) (e)
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color plate 25 (c) (a) (b) (d) (e)
Page 812 and 813:
color plate 27 (a1) (a2) (b2) (b1)
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color plate 29 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Page 816 and 817:
color plate 31 (a) (b) (c) Floral d

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