A Technical History of Apple's Operating Systems - Mac OS X Internals

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8 Chapter 1 A Technical History of Apple’s Operating Systems x being 0 and y being 1. Every time y reached 9, x was incremented by 1. Apple DOS was beta tested as version 3.0. Figure 1–3 shows a screenshot from Apple DOS 3.3. FIGURE 1–3 Apple DOS 3.3 1.1.2.2. Apple Pascal The p-System was a Pascal language and development system that was very popular in the 1970s and the early 1980s. It was created at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). It was a portable operating system, essentially a stack-based virtual
Mac OS X Internals (www.osxbook.com) 9 machine running p-Code, 4 with UCSD Pascal being the most popular programming language for it. In 1978, most of Apple’s software development was around the BASIC and assembly languages. Two Apple employees, Bill Atkinson and Jef Raskin, were in- strumental in introducing the Pascal language at Apple. They also licensed the p- System from UCSD. UCSD students Mark Allen and Richard Gleaves developed a p-Code interpreter for the 6502 in the summer of 1978. This interpreter became the basis for the Apple ][ Pascal 5 that was released in 1979. Apple ][ Pascal included a compiler, an assembler, a filer, a modal editor, and various utility programs. The system was command-line-driven. Pascal code would compile into p-Code, which would then be interpreted by the 6502-native interpreter. It supported program modules called units, which could be segmented, and therefore, were typically memory-resident only when needed. Apple ][ Pascal’s memory usage was limited to 64KB. Apple Pascal lived as a product for five years, with the Pascal support in the Macintosh Programmer’s Workshop (MPW) eventually replacing it. 1.1.2.3. Apple CP/M Microsoft introduced a coprocessor card, a circuit board named SoftCard, in 1980. It was originally called the Microsoft Z-80 SoftCard, but Microsoft had to rename it to avoid a lawsuit from Zilog, the makers of the Z-80 processor. The SoftCard plugged into a slot and added a Z-80 processor, essentially converting an Apple ][ into two computers. An Apple ][ with a SoftCard could run Z-80 programs based on 4 p-Code was akin to what is now commonly known as bytecode. 5 Apple’s Pascal system for the Apple ][ was derived from a specific implementation of the p-Code architecture: UCSD Pascal II.1.
Page 1 and 2: A Technical History of Apple’s Op
Page 3 and 4: Dear Reader This is a supplementary
Page 5 and 6: About Mac OS X Internals Mac OS X w
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Page 11 and 12: C H A P T E R 1 A Technical History
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