Historic St. Louis: 250 Years Exploring New Frontiers

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H I S T O R I C S T . L O U I S 26
L A C L E D E ’ S B O O K S H E L F Laclede imparted a legacy of cultural refinement to his little city, derived from his formative years when Enlightenment rationalism was a dominant influence in France. He was described as “very well educated,” and he used profits from dead animals to buy books to satisfy his curious mind. While living in St. Louis, he purchased 215 imported volumes in only fourteen years. His library included an impressive range of subjects: dictionaries in French, Spanish, and English; French, Spanish, and British histories; military codes and tactics; French, international, and maritime commerce; business finance and accounting; law and judicial studies; geography and geometry; theology and philosophy; anatomy, medicine, and surgery: engineering and hydrology; agronomy and botany; ancient histories of the Holy Land, Greece, and Rome; biographies of the Roman emperors; classic philosophical treatises by Bacon, Descartes, Locke, and Rousseau; political commentary by Addison and Steele; a surprisingly large number of plays and dramatic criticism; and a 1751 London edition of Benjamin Franklin’s Experiments and Observations on Electricity! The Chouteau brothers faced the most serious threat to St. Louis just two years after Laclede’s death. At the “Battle of St. Louis” on Friday, May 26, 1780, several hundred British-led Great Lakes Indians attacked the town of only 700 people. Suffering casualties of 7.5 percent (21 residents killed, 7 wounded, and 25 captured), St. Louisans drove off the jealous fur rivals to win the westernmost conflict of the American Revolution for Spain and its U.S. allies. That victory also prevented Great Britain from gaining control of the Mississippi River. With tempers flaring and spirits undaunted, some 147 French kin and neighbors, plus dozens of Indian allies, launched two successful revenge raids against British outposts along Lake Michigan in the winter of 1780-1781. Following its wartime triumphs, St. Louis emerged stronger than ever, enjoying enhanced prestige and greater prosperity as a maturing regional capital. By its twenty-fifth birthday in 1789, St. Louis was the oldest permanent French town on its original site in Upper Louisiana, thanks to Laclede’s ideal placement high above the river. The town of Ste. Genevieve had been destroyed in the Great Flood of 1785, which forced a total evacuation and rebuilding miles away. St. Louis was also the largest French town in Upper Louisiana, with a population of 1,168 (200 more than “New” Ste. Genevieve). Its residents were “more wealthy” than other colonists, living in “200 Houses, most of…Stone,” that were “better built than [at] any Town on the Mississippi.” Even Anglo-Americans described St. Louis as “the handsomest and genteelist village” in Upper Louisiana and perhaps “the happiest on earth.” Opposite: Vintage volumes and antique spectacles (Laclede wore glasses in his later years). PHOTOGRAPHED BY THE AUTHOR FROM OBJECTS IN HIS COLLECTION. Below: Troops of the Spanish Louisiana Regiment in St. Louis, 1804, an original painting by Michael Haynes (www.mhaynesart.com) and used with permission. The captain, sergeant, drummer, and fusilier (with a 1757 musket) shown here in uniforms “almost identical to the way they had looked in 1769”—as well as 1780, when 34 troops from this regiment helped militiamen and civilians defend St. Louis against a British and Indian attack in “The Battle of St. Louis.” C H A P T E R 1 2 7
Page 1 and 2: HISTORIC ST. LOUIS 250 Years Explor
Page 3 and 4: HISTORIC ST. LOUIS 250 Years Explor
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS 5 INTRODUCTION by UMSL Cha
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION The history of St. Lou
Page 9 and 10: PROLOGUE A C I T Y W H E R E T H E
Page 11 and 12: achieved national fame that is dese
Page 13 and 14: But for decades, public schools hav
Page 15 and 16: W H A T ’ S I N A N A M E ? Pierr
Page 17 and 18: As a teenager, Pierre enrolled at t
Page 19 and 20: and French Creoles acclimated to th
Page 21 and 22: ethnic commercial alliances ever. F
Page 23 and 24: S T . L O U I S ’ S F O U N D I N
Page 25 and 26: The frequent presence of Osage hunt
Page 27: without any serious violence. In 17
Page 31 and 32: Thanks to lax Spanish enforcement o
Page 33 and 34: The 1914 Statue of Laclede by Georg
Page 35 and 36: The bitter disappointment of being
Page 37 and 38: The Lewis and Clark Expedition brok
Page 39 and 40: A M O T L E Y M I X O F M I G R A N
Page 41 and 42: militiamen. Following the war, Clar
Page 43 and 44: (30 percent) who migrated to Missou
Page 45 and 46: “reclusive [and] irrelevant, clin
Page 47 and 48: completed in 1834. Known today as t
Page 49 and 50: C O R E D I S C O V E R I E S B Y S
Page 51 and 52: “No country on earth, of equal ex
Page 53 and 54: Reflecting the prominence, pride, a
Page 55 and 56: from New York invested in meatpacki
Page 57 and 58: Eighteen German families were also
Page 59 and 60: Another group of immigrants in St.
Page 61 and 62: when he arrived in 1834 to found th
Page 63 and 64: Daguerreotype of Henri Pierre Chout
Page 65 and 66: Washington Irving, Francis Parkman,
Page 67 and 68: steamboat theater and a museum pack
Page 69 and 70: as the six-story Barnum’s Hotel i
Page 71 and 72: encouragement from Baptist minister
Page 73 and 74: verdict two years later. The U.S. S
Page 75 and 76: President Lincoln’s Cabinet in ea
Page 77 and 78: y superior numbers, General Frost s
Page 79 and 80:
Another humanitarian contribution o
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C H A P T E R 3 7 9
Page 83 and 84:
Once the Civil War ended, the energ
Page 85 and 86:
dropping it to an accurate sixth pl
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C H A P T E R 4 8 5
Page 89 and 90:
housed the Central Police Station,
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In 1890, the $3,000,000 Merchants T
Page 93 and 94:
W H O A C T U A L L Y B U I L T S T
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C H A P T E R 4 9 3
Page 97 and 98:
But the desperate discontent of ind
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commercial center on the face of th
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to raise $10,000,000 locally and $1
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C H A P T E R 4 1 0 1
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were native Caucasians with U.S.-bo
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Memorial Building as the home of th
Page 109 and 110:
“St. Louis is a city that outgrew
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C H A P T E R 5 1 0 9
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C H A P T E R 5 1 1 1
Page 115 and 116:
World War I Red Cross Poster, 1917.
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the site where St. Louis veterans f
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egional recession a decade before t
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Temporarily distracting St. Louisan
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T H E P A S T W A S P R E S E N T F
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ace a major factor in ranking resid
Page 127 and 128:
World War II brought massive, urgen
Page 129 and 130:
T R I U M P H A N T C A R D I N A L
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Although African Americans comprise
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job discrimination on local project
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eleven-story buildings in 1954. Ele
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President Lyndon Johnson kicked off
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S T . L O U I S ’ S L O N G E S T
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elevance of having the Santa Maria
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C H A P T E R 5 1 4 1
Page 145 and 146:
The human life cycle typically last
Page 147 and 148:
ecession has worsened racial dispar
Page 149 and 150:
them was the late Bob Cassilly, who
Page 151 and 152:
co-developer with Dorsey of “Squa
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E P I L O G U E 1 5 1
Page 155 and 156:
A M O D E R N B U I L D I N G B O O
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gourmet dining by noted chefs, nati
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Top, left: Balloon Glow in Forest P
Page 161 and 162:
Powell Symphony Hall, The Contempor
Page 163 and 164:
acclaimed humanitarianism of St. Lo
Page 165 and 166:
E P I L O G U E 1 6 3
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SHARING THE HERITAGE H i s t o r i
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QUALITY OF LIFE H e a l t h c a r e
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weather a period of political turmo
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halls; the Evans’ Commons, a 119,
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Left: Seigle Hall, an interdiscipli
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Accomplishments during Danforth’s
Page 179 and 180:
It is said that one day while the s
Page 181 and 182:
In mid-Missouri, SSM Health Care op
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of tenure and tenure-track faculty
Page 185 and 186:
BLANCHE M. TOUHILL PERFORMING ARTS
Page 187 and 188:
In the 1960s the St. Louis region
Page 189 and 190:
The construction of the Gateway Arc
Page 191 and 192:
Dubourg’s successor, Joseph Rosat
Page 193 and 194:
St. Louis Community College expands
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Left: Webster’s students are loca
Page 197 and 198:
ST. LUKE’S HOSPITAL For nearly 15
Page 199 and 200:
Projects included the “50 Million
Page 201 and 202:
Charles Litterest was stunned as he
Page 203 and 204:
The inaugural season required that
Page 205 and 206:
Fontbonne University conducted its
Page 207 and 208:
The Great Decisions Series consists
Page 209 and 210:
BJC is one of the leading supporter
Page 211 and 212:
days. Judd, the executive director,
Page 213 and 214:
In 2013, Rawlings Sporting Goods Co
Page 215 and 216:
Twelve Missouri Synod laymen joined
Page 217 and 218:
Since their arrival in St. Louis in
Page 219 and 220:
ever-changing impressive display th
Page 221 and 222:
13,000 square foot exhibition space
Page 223 and 224:
of wildlife education, animal manag
Page 225 and 226:
Since its beginning as an instituti
Page 227 and 228:
ST. MARY OF VICTORIES CHURCH (1843)
Page 229 and 230:
The German Catholic immigration to
Page 231 and 232:
When the first Sisters of Mercy arr
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ST. LOUIS PUBLIC LIBRARY The St. Lo
Page 235 and 236:
THE MARKETPLACE S t . L o u i s ’
Page 237 and 238:
The independently owned and operate
Page 239 and 240:
This year’s winner was the hotel
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More than 5,500 people crowded into
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Abraham Lowenhaupt moved to St. Lou
Page 245 and 246:
egan operations with six officers a
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enrich the St. Louis area. The Busi
Page 249 and 250:
The 1940s saw the Redbirds return t
Page 251 and 252:
office seven years later in Memphis
Page 253 and 254:
The company has a penchant for bein
Page 255 and 256:
“It’s about St. Louis County at
Page 257 and 258:
Wells Fargo Advisors is the heir to
Page 259 and 260:
Above: Scottrade Founder and CEO Ro
Page 261 and 262:
Anheuser-Busch continues a traditio
Page 263 and 264:
Vi-Jon is a company whose name may
Page 265 and 266:
For more than a century, business o
Page 267 and 268:
On December 9, 1878, a thirty-one y
Page 269 and 270:
Residence Inn by Marriott St. Louis
Page 271 and 272:
Care-Tech ® Laboratories, Inc., a
Page 273 and 274:
BUILDING A GREATER ST. LOUIS S t .
Page 275 and 276:
The project was truly massive: •
Page 277 and 278:
active in the cities and towns we s
Page 279 and 280:
come with them, was that success wa
Page 281 and 282:
of the upper floors of the twenty-s
Page 283 and 284:
that local resident James Kirkwood
Page 285 and 286:
chosen after a national search by A
Page 287 and 288:
Megamet Solid Metals, Inc. provides
Page 289 and 290:
In 1917 the company moved to St. Lo
Page 291 and 292:
organization and continues to provi
Page 293 and 294:
eplica took its place on the dome.
Page 295 and 296:
In 2012, Local 36 invested $23 mill
Page 297 and 298:
He was joined at Watlow in 1963 by
Page 299 and 300:
they prefer. The company’s portfo
Page 301 and 302:
In 1995, PARIC was featured in a co
Page 303 and 304:
product demonstrations and sales su
Page 305 and 306:
Surendra and Karen started American
Page 307 and 308:
GRAYBAR ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC. Gray
Page 309 and 310:
More than half a century ago, Peabo
Page 311 and 312:
St. Louis at night, January 27, 200
Page 313 and 314:
McCarthy Building Companies, Inc...
Page 315:
LEADERSHIP SPONSORS Historical Publ
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Historic St. Louis: 250 Years Exploring New Frontiers

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