<strong>atw</strong> Vol. 63 (<strong>2018</strong>) | Issue 11/<strong>12</strong> ı November/December 610 AMNT <strong>2018</strong> 9. M.V. Kovalchuk, V.I. Ilgisonis, Ya.I. Strombach, A.S. Kurski, D.V. Andreev. Development of experimental reactor base in NRC Kurchatov Institute: from the start of F-1 to the 60 th jubilee of IR-8. Voprosy Atomnoi Nauki I Techniki, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 4–17 (in Russian). 10. Experimental Studies of the Physics of VVER-Type Uranium-Water Lattices. In: Proc. Temporary International Team, v.1, Academial Kiado, Budapest, 1984. 11. A.Yu. Gagarinskiy. High-precision neutronic experiments in NRC Kurchatov Institute. Atomnaya Energiya, v. <strong>12</strong>0, Issue 4, 2016, pp. 191-197 (in Russian). <strong>12</strong>. V.A. Usov, N.P. Moroz, G.V. Kompaniets. Basic results of physical startup tests of the AKSAMIT critical assembly simulating RP-50 thermionic converter. In: Innovative nuclear energy designs and technologies, NIKIET, October 2014. Authors Andrej Yurjewitsch Gagarinskiy National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” Moscow, Russian Federation Kurchatov square, <strong>12</strong>3182 Moscow, Russia 49 th Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology (AMNT <strong>2018</strong>) Key Topic | Enhanced Safety & Operation Excellence Focus Session “International Operational Experience” Ludger Mohrbach The following report summarises the presentations of the Focus International Operational Experience presented at the 49 th AMNT <strong>2018</strong>, Berlin, 29 to 30 May <strong>2018</strong>. The other Focus, Topical and Technical Sessions will be covered in further issues of <strong>atw</strong>. Today, 449 nuclear units with nearly 400 GW of net capacity produce about 11% of all world-wide electricity, equivalent to about 4.5 % of all human energy consumption. In the coming years, nuclear capacities and production will slowly rise, as six to ten units are earmarked for commissioning in every coming year, over-compensating capacity losses. Most of these units provide depend able baseload power, but in markets with volatile in-feeds also increasingly grid services and peakload power, for which nuclear plants are technically well equipped. Correspondingly, this focus session covered six exemplary facets from nuclear power plant operation: • Results of the QUENCH-LOCA experiments (improving the knowledge base on fuel performance under accident conditions), • Practical aspects of safeguards, • Employments effects of nuclear (in comparison to other power generation technologies), • The new QP-data bank (“Quality Products”) for lubricants and other consumables in nuclear power plants, • Flood protection for nuclear sites, and • Benefits of simulator training. The first presentation, titled Summary of the QUENCH-LOCA Ex perimental Programme was pro vided by Dr. Andreas Wensauer, PreussenElektra, Hannover, inter alia member of the working panel “Reactor Core” of the operator’s association VGB. This panel has been the operator’s representative body for the monitoring of these tests, performed at the KIT Karlsruhe Institute for Technology since 2010 (see Große/Walter/Stuckert/Steinbrück) and designed to re-validate the “LOCA Criteria”, i.e. to investigate the burst behavior of modern fuel claddings under Loss-Of-Coolant-Accident conditions and high burn-ups. The results have significantly improved the knowledge base for hydrogenation- and oxidation-driven fuel cladding embrittlement for cladding materials Zry-4, M5 and Optimized ZIRLO under these conditions, thus delivering a valuable extra input for the embrittlement behavior criteria definition like “maximum cladding temperature” and “equivalent cladding reacted”, as such defined as early as 1973 by the US-Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the modelling of fuel behavior under hypothetical Loss-of- Coolant-Accident conditions. The second contribution to the session came from Dr. Irmgard Niemeyer, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, who reported on Practical Safeguards in Nuclear Power Plants. Mass balancing of nuclear, especially fissile material inventories is an obligation for every operator underlying the regulation of the United Nations “Non-Proliferation Treaty”, ratified in 1974, amended afterwards and effective now in 191 states. The UN has entitled the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA with the task to supervise compliance with these rules, effectively applying safeguards on each site, e.g. by regular inspections and continuous monitoring. Within the EU, EURATOM has taken over responsibility. In general, one (announced) physical inventory verification per site per year, amended by random inspections and further announced inspections for MOX and spent fuel transfers to dry storage facilities. Main surveillance instruments are seals and cameras, but also advanced technologies like “Digital Cerenkov Viewing Devices” for spent fuel pool verifications or laser curtains. In order to minimize effort and costs for both inspectors and the inspected, the operators of nuclear installations (especially nuclear power plants) have qualified – and will subsequently increasingly apply – automated processes and online data transmission. Several applications have already been developed, including internetbased transmission of seal and camera data, thus saving physical inspections. As third contribution Comparison of Employment Effects of Low- Carbon Generation Technologies had been intended to be presented by Dr. Geoffrey Rothwell, OECD-Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris. AMNT <strong>2018</strong> Focus Session “International Operational Experience” ı Ludger Mohrbach
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