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LUNG CARCINOMA:<br />
THE COMMONEST CANCER<br />
WORLD OVER<br />
Lung cancer is now the most common cancer<br />
worldwide, with 2·1 million people diagnosed<br />
in <strong>2018</strong> and 1·8 million deaths, influenced<br />
strongly by the tobacco epidemic.<br />
WORLD<br />
INDIA<br />
11.6%<br />
incidence of<br />
lung cancer<br />
among<br />
all new<br />
cancer cases<br />
18.4%<br />
lung cancer<br />
accounts for all<br />
cancer related incidence<br />
6.3%<br />
of lung<br />
deaths cancer among<br />
all new<br />
cancer cases<br />
9.1%<br />
PATH<br />
INCIDENCE OF NSCLC AS<br />
COMPARED TO SCLC<br />
Adenocarcinoma accounts for nearly 40% of lung<br />
cancers and is the most common form of cancer<br />
among smokers<br />
5%+<br />
Large Cell<br />
6.7%<br />
1.Carcinoma<br />
1.0%+<br />
15.7%<br />
lung cancer<br />
accounts for all<br />
cancer related<br />
deaths<br />
Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br />
S HARACHAND<br />
Immunotherapy stepped onto the hall of fame by winning<br />
the <strong>2018</strong> Nobel prize for medicine. Through their landmark<br />
discovery, Professor James P Allison from the US and<br />
Professor Tasuku Honjo from Japan have outlined how<br />
immune checkpoints can be effectively targeted to deal with<br />
the toughest of cancers.<br />
Their seminal work on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated<br />
protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-<br />
1) mechanism led to a new class of therapeutics called immune<br />
checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs have brought remarkable<br />
outcomes by radically changing the treatment approach to<br />
38.9%<br />
Adenocarcinoma<br />
11.6%+<br />
Other or unspecified 0.4%<br />
Small Cell Carcinoma<br />
24.0%<br />
0.3%+<br />
Non-smoker<br />
Smoker<br />
<strong>NOVEMBER</strong> <strong>2018</strong> / FUTURE MEDICINE / 23
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