Historic Walker County

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CONTENTS 3 CHAPTER I Native Americans and American Pioneers, Prehistory to 1846 9 CHAPTER II An Era of Growth, 1846-1860 15 CHAPTER III From Civil War to Reconstruction, 1860-1872 21 CHAPTER IV Railroad Towns and Sam Houston Normal Institute, 1872-1900 27 CHAPTER V Progress and the Dawn of a New Century, 1900-1929 33 CHAPTER VI From the Great Depression to World War II, 1930-1945 41 CHAPTER VII A Trying Time, 1945-68 47 CHAPTER VIII Huntsville and Walker County, 1968-Present 55 ENDNOTES 59 SHARING THE HERITAGE First Edition Copyright © 2012 Historical Publishing Network All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Historical Publishing Network, 11535 Galm Road, Suite 101, San Antonio, Texas, 78254. Phone (800) 749-9790. ISBN: 978-1-939300-00-3 Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 2012952080 Historic Walker County: The Story of Huntsville & Walker County editor: Jeffrey L. Littlejohn writers: Meredith A. Miller Austin, Carolyn A. Carroll, Amy Hyden, Anthony Lane, Jeffrey L. Littlejohn, Sharla Miles, Patricia Staniszewski-Hale, Gonzalo Tamez contributing writer for sharing the heritage: Garnette Bane Historical Publishing Network president: Ron Lammert project manager: Curtis Courtney administration: Donna M. Mata, Melissa G. Quinn book sales: Dee Steidle production: Colin Hart, Evelyn Hart, Glenda Tarazon Krouse, Omar Wright, Tony Quinn 2 ✦ H I S T O R I C W A L K E R C O U N T Y
C H A P T E R NATIVE AMERICANS AND AMERICAN PIONEERS, PREHISTORY TO 1846 B Y J E F F R E Y L . L I T T L E J O H N I T H E L A N D S C A P E A N D N A T I V E P O P U L A T I O N Walker County is a scenic, sprawling territory of 801 square miles located in the southeastern region of Texas. Situated along the edge of the Coastal Plain, the county lies roughly one hundred miles north of the Gulf of Mexico and midway between the Louisiana state line and the Texas capital at Austin. The local landscape is beautiful and rustic, with rolling hills, open prairies, and piney woods. The north and eastern sections of the county are drained by the Trinity River and its tributaries, including Bedias, Nelson, Harmon, and Caroline creeks. In the southwestern section of the county, the San Jacinto River carries water from Mill, West Sandy, East Sandy, and Robinson creeks due south to the Gulf of Mexico. 1 Despite its popular image as part of the Texas frontier, Walker County boasts an ancient history. The first inhabitants of the area arrived during the Paleo-Indian period before 7000 BCE. Archeological finds in Walker, Montgomery, and Polk Counties suggest that early native peoples lived in small mobile bands that moved through broad geographical zones to hunt, fish, and forage for food. During the Archaic Period from 7000 BCE to 100 CE, Native American groups became larger and returned to hunting sites repeatedly, leaving clearly discernible projectile points in each hunting zone they inhabited. These trends toward complexity and distinctiveness continued during the Late Prehistoric period from 100 CE to 1600 CE, as Native American populations in the Walker County area participated in a regional phenomenon that archeologist Dee Ann Story termed the “Mossy Grove tradition.” This set of cultural patterns linked “a number of ethnically distinct groups in southeast and east Texas,” including the Atakapa, Akokisa and ❖ Huntsville State Park’s Lake Raven in the mist, December 2009. COURTESY OF ALEXEY SERGEEV. C h a p t e r I ✦ 3
Page 2 and 3: Thank you for your interest in this
Page 6 and 7: ❖ Above: William E. Moore found t
Page 8 and 9: Eight decades later, following a di
Page 10 and 11: ❖ Cincinnati town survey. COURTES
Page 12 and 13: ❖ Advertisements from The Huntsvi
Page 14 and 15: ❖ Above: Sam Houston (1793-1863).
Page 16 and 17: ❖ Above: “A typical Texas cotto
Page 18 and 19: I need not assure you that whenever
Page 20 and 21: ❖ Above: Thomas Jewett Goree (183
Page 22 and 23: ❖ Right: Memphis Allen sat on the
Page 24 and 25: Five miles further north and east,
Page 26 and 27: ❖ Top: The Austin College Buildin
Page 28 and 29: ❖ Above: The Henry Opera House (l
Page 30 and 31: ❖ Top, left: Marcellus E. Foster
Page 32 and 33: ❖ Above: New Waverly School, earl
Page 34 and 35: ❖ Operators at the switchboard, H
Page 36 and 37: ❖ Above: Andrew Smither, Lee Cart
Page 38 and 39: ❖ Above: Men with the Civilian Co
Page 40 and 41: ❖ Above: The Sam Houston Memorial
Page 42 and 43: imprisoned at the University of San
Page 44 and 45: ❖ Top: Huntsville City Council wi
Page 46 and 47: ❖ Wendell Baker with his wife, Au
Page 48 and 49: ❖ Above: An aerial view of Sam Ho
Page 50 and 51: ❖ Above: A map of Walker County T
Page 52 and 53: ❖ Above: An inmate is pulled by a
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❖ The Texas Prison Museum proudly
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❖ Above: The Storybook House (for
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27 Patricia Smith Prather and Jane
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95 Bernadette Pruitt, Wendell Baker
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HUNTSVILLE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Like s
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to-date with industry trends, equip
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ELKINS LAKE RECREATION CORPORATION
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COMMUNITY SERVICE CREDIT UNION ❖
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❖ MCCAFFETY ELECTRIC CO., INC. Ab
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FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HUNTSVILLE O
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COMFORT SUITES- HUNTSVILLE Local re
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BETHY CREEK RESORTS For families wh
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CANDYCE FARRIS DIXON, CPA ❖ Candy
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❖ CHARLES W. MONDAY, JR., M.D., P
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SMITHER, MARTIN, HENDERSON & BLAZEK
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SAM HOUSTON CANCER CENTER In just a
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SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY In res
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HUNTSVILLE INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTR
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Historic Walker County

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