Bamboo Value Chain in China and the Importance ... - World Bamboo

Bamboo Value Chain in China and the Importance of 

Research for Value chain Development 

Yue Yongde 

International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, SFA China 

Th The 99th h WBC WBC, AAntwerp, BBelgium l i 

April 12, 2012 

Key Lab for Bamboo and Rattan Sci §Tech

OOverview i of f Bamboo B b Utilization U ili i 

in China 


Bamboo Bamboo Resources in China China 

� China is one of the bamboo distribution centers in the 

world world, with the largest area area, the most abundant species 

and biomass. 

�� There are about 39 genera genera, more than 590 species in 

China with 5.38 million hectares of pure bamboo forest, 

which accounts for 25% of the bamboo area in the world. 


Bamboo forest 

AArea: 55.38 38 million illi hectares h t 

Genera: 39 

Species: 598 

Monopodial Sympodial Amphipodial Others 

Genus: 7 Genus: 15 Genus: 9 Genus: 8 

Species: 103 Species: 192 Species: 107 Species: 196 

MMoso bamboo b b 

Area: 3.71 million hectares 

PProportion: ti 69.4% 69 4% 

Key Lab for Bamboo and Rattan Sci §Tech 

Other bamboo 

Area: 1.67 million hectares 

Proportion: p 

30.6%

Monopodial bamboo 

region in north of 

High 

Yangtze River 

mountainous 

bamboo region 

in southwest 

Mixed monopodial and 

part 

sympodial di l bamboo b b 

region in south of 

Yangtze River 

Climbing bamboo 

region in Hainan, 

Sympodial bamboo 

Yunnan and 

region in southern 

Sichuan Provinces 

part 

�Bamboo �Bamboo is distributed in the 27 provinces of China China. 

� Five bamboo distribution regions could be partitioned in China. 


600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

竹林面积(万公顷) 

Unit: 10 thousands hm2 1990-2010 

304 

19973-1976 

Before 1990 

356.63 

319.96 

19977-1983 

19984-1988 

379.08 

19989-1993 

421.08 

19994-1998 

484 484.26 26 

19999-2003 

538.1 

The change of pure bamboo forest area in China from 1976‐2008 

� The area of pure bamboo forest in China increased from 3.04 million 

to 5.38 million hm2 from 1976-2008; 

� The area of bamboo forest area increased by about 100 thousands 

hm2 /year since 1990, almost two times of the annual increase in the 

1980’s. 980 s. 


20004-2008

160000 

140000 

120000 

100000 

80000 

60000 

40000 

20000 

0 

1978 

1979 

竹材产量(万根) 

Unit: 10 thousands culms 

Before 1990 1990-2000 

1980 

1981 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000-2010 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

The production of bamboo culms from 1978‐2010 in China 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

� The production of bamboo culms in China changed little from 1978 to 

1990 1990, bbut significantly i ifi l speeded ddup dduring i the h next20 20 years ddue to the h 

industrial utilization of bamboo, especially from 2000. 


2010

Bamboo Industry 

� The development of China bamboo industry can be divided 

into three stages: 

• Traditional utilization (before 1990) 

• handicrafts handicrafts, woven articles articles, Scaffoldings 

• Industrial utilization1990-2000 () 

• bamboo plywood, bamboo floorings et al 

• Comprehensive and value-added utilization (2000-) 

• bbamboo b scrimber, i b bbamboo b structural t t lllumber, b 

bamboo textiles, bamboo carbon et al 


Billion USD U 

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

China's bamboo industry production 

value (billion US$) 

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 

Years 

�� IIn Chi China, bbamboo b iindustry d t hhas reached hda annuall production d ti 

value of 13.8 billion USD; 

�� BBamboo b iindustry d t provides id many employment l t opportunities t iti 

for the society. There are over 5.6 million people directly 

engaged iin the bamboo iindustry iin CChina. i 


BBamboo b VValue l Ch Chain i iin Chi China 


amboo 

Value chain of 

bamboo utilization 

in China 

culms 

leaves 

Top parts toothpicks, p skewers et al 

Middle upper 

parts 

Middle lower 

parts p 

Base parts 

twigs Brooms 

Rhizome Handicrafts 

Fodder, Pigments, medicine, 

beverage et al 


Curtain, mat, woven articles, 

handicrafts, bamboo mat 

( (curtain) i ) laminated l i d panels l 

laminated furniture, floorings 

charcoal, bamboo 

vinegar 

Processing 

residue 

Energy, bamboo 

powder polymer 

composites; 

bamboo 

particleboard; 

bamboo viscose 

fibers textiles

Primary processing factory(PPF) – key of the 

value chain of the bamboo bamboo industry 

Bamboo 

farmers 

culms 

PPF 

Woven 

articles 

Panels 

factories factories 

Flooring, 

furniture, 

daily 

goods 

factories 

Charcoal, 

paper, 

BPC, 

factories 

PPF act as the linkage between farmers and factories and maximizes the 

values of bamboo culms by providing semi semi-products products from different parts 

of bamboo for the downstream factories. 


� From bamboo culms to bamboo floorings 

The production of bamboo floorings in China reached 

39.4 million m 2 in 2010 


Presidential Clinton’s Library 


� From bamboo culms to bamboo laminated panels 

The production of bamboo based panels in China 

reached 33.59 59 million tons in 2010 


Concrete forming template 

The bamboo mat panels 

find its value value-added added 

applications fields, such 

as concrete forming 

templates and decking 

for trucks and containers. 

Container decking 

Truck decking 


� From bamboo culms to bamboo woven articles 


� Value-added utilization of processing residues 

Bamboo powder polymer 

composites p 


Bamboo pellet for energy

� From processing waste to bamboo charcoals and 

bamboo vinegar 

The production of 

bamboo charcoals iin 

China reached 0.14 

million tons in 2010 

Carbonizing facility 

Bamboo charcoal 

Vinegar collecting facility Bamboo vinegar 


� Value added utilization of bamboo charcoal 

The value of bamboo charcoal is 

further added by secondary 

processing. 

BBamboo b charcoal h lgoods d 

production line 

Bamboo charcoal cloth 



Bamboo charcoal for adsorption and purification 


Bamboo charcoal for improving sleep 


Bamboo charcoal fibers for textiles 


Bamboo charcoal for handicrafts 


� Value added utilization of bamboo vinegar 

The value of bamboo vinegar is 

further added by secondary 

processing. 

Bamboo vinegar refining 



Bamboo vinegar for bathing 


Bamboo vinegar for horticulture and agriculture 


SSeveral l Researches R h ffor Value V l chain h i 

Development in China 


Develop new high value-added bamboo products 

�� Bamboo decorative veneers 


BMW internal decoration 

Bamboo decorative veneers are developed for various 

decorative purposes.

� Advanced bamboo engineered materials 

Advanced bamboo engineered materials are significantly 

different iff ffrom the existing i i various i bamboo composites i with i 

the following characteristics: 

�� Hi Highh stiffness tiff : ≥20 GP GPa; St Strength: th ≥ 200 MP MPa 

� Fatigue strength: residual strength≥50% after 10 6 cycles 

� High size stability: ≤5 % in thickness expansion after 

two cycles of water boiling for 3 hours and drying 1 h. 

� Higher added value: neat profit ≥30% 

�� Used in high-end fields: wind blade blade, cars cars, yacht et al 

� Small variation in properties :CV ≤8% 


Advanced bamboo/wood engineered 

composites has been developed in 

ICBR to replace glass fiber 

reinforced plastics for application in 

wind blade and yacht y . 

Pilot production is being carried out 

in a bamboo composite factory. 

Graded 

bamboo strips 

Bamboo 

curtain 

Thin Wood Resin 

veneer immersion 

Pilot assembly for bamboo/wood 

engineered composites production 

Resin 

immersion 

Assembly 


Pressing

Bamboo/wood engineered composites 

Used for yacht y 


Used for wind blade

�Bamboo scrimber 

�Bamboo scrimber is a novel structural bamboo 

composite commercialized in China only 7 years ago but 

developed most quickly in various bamboo composites. 

�It �It can be produced with small diameter bamboo with 

utilization ratio more than 90%. 

Production line 

Bamboo scrimbers 


Procedure of bamboo scrimber production: strand preparation 


Procedure of bamboo scrimber production: panel production 


Bamboo srcrimber can be use as: structural components in house, top top-grade grade 

furniture and floorings both for indoor and outdoor application. 


�� Bamboo fibers textiles 

In China, bamboo has been successfully utilized to 

produce various i textile i fi fibers since i 2000 2000. Threekinds i off 

textile fibers can be produced from bamboo: 

�Bamboo viscose fibers 

�Bamboo �Bamboo lyocell fibers 

�Natural bamboo fibers 


Bamboo viscose fibers 

�Bamboo viscose fibers belongs to regenerated cellulose 

fibers fibers, which has been commercialized in China and has 

reached a production of more than 20000 tons/year in 2008. 

�According �According to calculation calculation, if the production of bamboo 

viscose fibers reached 600 thousands ton/year, 0.5 million 

hm2 hm farmland could be saved . 


Natural bamboo fibers 

�Natural bamboo fibers are directly extracted from 

bamboo with physical and mechanical methods methods, 

remaining the characteristics of natural fibers. 

�ICBR �ICBR is being engaged in the development of natural 

bamboo fibers for textiles and has obtained several 

pilotscale p products. p 


Bamboo lyocell fibers fibers 

Bamboo lyocell fibers is a new type of regenerated 

cellulosic i fi fibers characterized i with i the ffollowing i 

advantages: 

�� EEnvironmental i t lfi friendly dl 

� Much higher mechanical properties and lower 

moisture regain ratio 

� Bamboo lyocell fibers is still at the stage of Lab 

research 


� New Bamboo carbon based products 

Several institutes and universities are exploring the 

possibility p y of manufacturingg bamboo carbon based high g 

value-added end products: 

� lithium battery 

� Conductive polymer; 

Bamboo carbon/polymer conductive polymer 

Bamboo carbon based lithium battery 


• Bamboo leave flavonoids 

Flavonoids occur widelyy in bamboo species. p Manyy 

flavonoids are active principles of medicinal plants and 

exhibit pharmacological p g effects. 


• Feed additive derived from bamboo 

Feed additive derived from bamboo could decrease the abuse 

of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farms. 

Feed additive derived from bamboo 


• Anti-oxidant agent from bamboo leaves 

A production line of anti-oxidant agent extracted from 

bamboo leaves has been established i iin Zhejiang ji Province i 

with a production of 100 tons/per. The price of this high 

value-added product product is more than 50 thousands thousands USD/ton USD/ton. 


Extend value-chain of bamboo products into in or 

important applications 

�Bamboo structural lumber 

thi thickening k i 

lengthening 

BBamboo b structurall llumber b iis made d off traditional di i l bbamboo b 

laminated panels through special thickening and lengthening 

process process, mainly used as the loading component in 

construction. 


Bamboo structural lumber was 

used as roofs and poles in a 

demonstrative conference hall 


Elementary school built with 

bamboo structural lumber 

(located in Yunnan Province) 


� Value-added utilization of bamboo culms in 

solar energy bamboo culm pre-fabricated house 

Solar Energy Bamboo Culm Pre-fabricated Pre fabricated House 

integrates collection technology of solar energy into 

bamboo culms prefabricated house. This bamboo house 

has the following characteristics: 

� The bamboo culms are used both for structural 

materialsand t i l d hheat tconduction d ti channel; h l 

� The application of solar energy technology and energy 

storage technology significantly decreases the 

consumption of energy during service life of house. 


Solar energy 

panels 

Soalr 

thermal 

collectors 

Exterior 

wall 

Composite 

wall 

A schematic of solar energy/round bamboo demonstration house 


Roof 

component 

Bamboo pole 

for supporting pp g 

and thermal 

conducting 

Route of 

heat flow 

Energy 

storage 

componentt 

House 

ffoundation d ti

Solar energy/round bamboo demonstration house developed by 

ICBR and CAF CAF in China 


Conclusions 

�� The both increase of bamboo biomass and production 

value during the past 30 years in China demonstrates that 

bamboo resources could be sustainablly utilized without 

resulting in negative effect on the environment 

environment. 

� China has preliminarily p y realized the maximum value of 

bamboo culms by developing models of whole bamboo 

utilization. The primary processing factories play a very 

important role during the process. 


Conclusions 

� The value of bamboo products p can be further added byy 

secondary processing and broadening their fields of 

application; 

�� Scientific researches can stimulate the development of 

new high value-added bamboo based products or prolong the 

value chain of existing products, which are partially reflected 

bby the h rapid id iincrease off bbamboo b iindustry d off Chi China since i 

2000 . 


Thank you! y

Bamboo Value Chain in China and the Importance ... - World Bamboo

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