Bamboo Value Chain in China and the Importance ... - World Bamboo

Bamboo Value Chain in China and the Importance of

Research for Value chain Development

Yue Yongde

International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, SFA China

Th The 99th h WBC WBC, AAntwerp, BBelgium l i

April 12, 2012

Key Lab for Bamboo and Rattan Sci §Tech

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OOverview i of f Bamboo B b Utilization U ili i

in China

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Bamboo Bamboo Resources in China China

� China is one of the bamboo distribution centers in the

world world, with the largest area area, the most abundant species

and biomass.

�� There are about 39 genera genera, more than 590 species in

China with 5.38 million hectares of pure bamboo forest,

which accounts for 25% of the bamboo area in the world.

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Bamboo forest

AArea: 55.38 38 million illi hectares h t

Genera: 39

Species: 598

Monopodial Sympodial Amphipodial Others

Genus: 7 Genus: 15 Genus: 9 Genus: 8

Species: 103 Species: 192 Species: 107 Species: 196

MMoso bamboo b b

Area: 3.71 million hectares

PProportion: ti 69.4% 69 4%

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Other bamboo

Area: 1.67 million hectares

Proportion: p

30.6%

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Monopodial bamboo

region in north of

High

Yangtze River

mountainous

bamboo region

in southwest

Mixed monopodial and

part

sympodial di l bamboo b b

region in south of

Yangtze River

Climbing bamboo

region in Hainan,

Sympodial bamboo

Yunnan and

region in southern

Sichuan Provinces

part

�Bamboo �Bamboo is distributed in the 27 provinces of China China.

� Five bamboo distribution regions could be partitioned in China.

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600

500

400

300

200

100

0

竹林面积(万公顷)

Unit: 10 thousands hm2 1990-2010

304

19973-1976

Before 1990

356.63

319.96

19977-1983

19984-1988

379.08

19989-1993

421.08

19994-1998

484 484.26 26

19999-2003

538.1

The change of pure bamboo forest area in China from 1976‐2008

� The area of pure bamboo forest in China increased from 3.04 million

to 5.38 million hm2 from 1976-2008;

� The area of bamboo forest area increased by about 100 thousands

hm2 /year since 1990, almost two times of the annual increase in the

1980’s. 980 s.

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20004-2008

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160000

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0

1978

1979

竹材产量(万根)

Unit: 10 thousands culms

Before 1990 1990-2000

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000-2010

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

The production of bamboo culms from 1978‐2010 in China

2006

2007

2008

2009

� The production of bamboo culms in China changed little from 1978 to

1990 1990, bbut significantly i ifi l speeded ddup dduring i the h next20 20 years ddue to the h

industrial utilization of bamboo, especially from 2000.

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2010

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Bamboo Industry

� The development of China bamboo industry can be divided

into three stages:

• Traditional utilization (before 1990)

• handicrafts handicrafts, woven articles articles, Scaffoldings

• Industrial utilization1990-2000 ()

• bamboo plywood, bamboo floorings et al

• Comprehensive and value-added utilization (2000-)

• bbamboo b scrimber, i b bbamboo b structural t t lllumber, b

bamboo textiles, bamboo carbon et al

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Billion USD U

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

China's bamboo industry production

value (billion US$)

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Years

�� IIn Chi China, bbamboo b iindustry d t hhas reached hda annuall production d ti

value of 13.8 billion USD;

�� BBamboo b iindustry d t provides id many employment l t opportunities t iti

for the society. There are over 5.6 million people directly

engaged iin the bamboo iindustry iin CChina. i

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BBamboo b VValue l Ch Chain i iin Chi China

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amboo

Value chain of

bamboo utilization

in China

culms

leaves

Top parts toothpicks, p skewers et al

Middle upper

parts

Middle lower

parts p

Base parts

twigs Brooms

Rhizome Handicrafts

Fodder, Pigments, medicine,

beverage et al

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Curtain, mat, woven articles,

handicrafts, bamboo mat

( (curtain) i ) laminated l i d panels l

laminated furniture, floorings

charcoal, bamboo

vinegar

Processing

residue

Energy, bamboo

powder polymer

composites;

bamboo

particleboard;

bamboo viscose

fibers textiles

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Primary processing factory(PPF) – key of the

value chain of the bamboo bamboo industry

Bamboo

farmers

culms

PPF

Woven

articles

Panels

factories factories

Flooring,

furniture,

daily

goods

factories

Charcoal,

paper,

BPC,

factories

PPF act as the linkage between farmers and factories and maximizes the

values of bamboo culms by providing semi semi-products products from different parts

of bamboo for the downstream factories.

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� From bamboo culms to bamboo floorings

The production of bamboo floorings in China reached

39.4 million m 2 in 2010

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Presidential Clinton’s Library

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� From bamboo culms to bamboo laminated panels

The production of bamboo based panels in China

reached 33.59 59 million tons in 2010

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Concrete forming template

The bamboo mat panels

find its value value-added added

applications fields, such

as concrete forming

templates and decking

for trucks and containers.

Container decking

Truck decking

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� From bamboo culms to bamboo woven articles

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� Value-added utilization of processing residues

Bamboo powder polymer

composites p

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Bamboo pellet for energy

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� From processing waste to bamboo charcoals and

bamboo vinegar

The production of

bamboo charcoals iin

China reached 0.14

million tons in 2010

Carbonizing facility

Bamboo charcoal

Vinegar collecting facility Bamboo vinegar

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� Value added utilization of bamboo charcoal

The value of bamboo charcoal is

further added by secondary

processing.

BBamboo b charcoal h lgoods d

production line

Bamboo charcoal cloth

production line

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Bamboo charcoal for adsorption and purification

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Bamboo charcoal for improving sleep

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Bamboo charcoal fibers for textiles

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Bamboo charcoal for handicrafts

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� Value added utilization of bamboo vinegar

The value of bamboo vinegar is

further added by secondary

processing.

Bamboo vinegar refining

production line

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Bamboo vinegar for bathing

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Bamboo vinegar for horticulture and agriculture

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SSeveral l Researches R h ffor Value V l chain h i

Development in China

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Develop new high value-added bamboo products

�� Bamboo decorative veneers

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BMW internal decoration

Bamboo decorative veneers are developed for various

decorative purposes.

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� Advanced bamboo engineered materials

Advanced bamboo engineered materials are significantly

different iff ffrom the existing i i various i bamboo composites i with i

the following characteristics:

�� Hi Highh stiffness tiff : ≥20 GP GPa; St Strength: th ≥ 200 MP MPa

� Fatigue strength: residual strength≥50% after 10 6 cycles

� High size stability: ≤5 % in thickness expansion after

two cycles of water boiling for 3 hours and drying 1 h.

� Higher added value: neat profit ≥30%

�� Used in high-end fields: wind blade blade, cars cars, yacht et al

� Small variation in properties :CV ≤8%

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Advanced bamboo/wood engineered

composites has been developed in

ICBR to replace glass fiber

reinforced plastics for application in

wind blade and yacht y .

Pilot production is being carried out

in a bamboo composite factory.

Graded

bamboo strips

Bamboo

curtain

Thin Wood Resin

veneer immersion

Pilot assembly for bamboo/wood

engineered composites production

Resin

immersion

Assembly

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Pressing

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Bamboo/wood engineered composites

Used for yacht y

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Used for wind blade

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�Bamboo scrimber

�Bamboo scrimber is a novel structural bamboo

composite commercialized in China only 7 years ago but

developed most quickly in various bamboo composites.

�It �It can be produced with small diameter bamboo with

utilization ratio more than 90%.

Production line

Bamboo scrimbers

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Procedure of bamboo scrimber production: strand preparation

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Procedure of bamboo scrimber production: panel production

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Bamboo srcrimber can be use as: structural components in house, top top-grade grade

furniture and floorings both for indoor and outdoor application.

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�� Bamboo fibers textiles

In China, bamboo has been successfully utilized to

produce various i textile i fi fibers since i 2000 2000. Threekinds i off

textile fibers can be produced from bamboo:

�Bamboo viscose fibers

�Bamboo �Bamboo lyocell fibers

�Natural bamboo fibers

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Bamboo viscose fibers

�Bamboo viscose fibers belongs to regenerated cellulose

fibers fibers, which has been commercialized in China and has

reached a production of more than 20000 tons/year in 2008.

�According �According to calculation calculation, if the production of bamboo

viscose fibers reached 600 thousands ton/year, 0.5 million

hm2 hm farmland could be saved .

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Natural bamboo fibers

�Natural bamboo fibers are directly extracted from

bamboo with physical and mechanical methods methods,

remaining the characteristics of natural fibers.

�ICBR �ICBR is being engaged in the development of natural

bamboo fibers for textiles and has obtained several

pilotscale p products. p

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Bamboo lyocell fibers fibers

Bamboo lyocell fibers is a new type of regenerated

cellulosic i fi fibers characterized i with i the ffollowing i

advantages:

�� EEnvironmental i t lfi friendly dl

� Much higher mechanical properties and lower

moisture regain ratio

� Bamboo lyocell fibers is still at the stage of Lab

research

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� New Bamboo carbon based products

Several institutes and universities are exploring the

possibility p y of manufacturingg bamboo carbon based high g

value-added end products:

� lithium battery

� Conductive polymer;

Bamboo carbon/polymer conductive polymer

Bamboo carbon based lithium battery

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• Bamboo leave flavonoids

Flavonoids occur widelyy in bamboo species. p Manyy

flavonoids are active principles of medicinal plants and

exhibit pharmacological p g effects.

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• Feed additive derived from bamboo

Feed additive derived from bamboo could decrease the abuse

of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farms.

Feed additive derived from bamboo

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• Anti-oxidant agent from bamboo leaves

A production line of anti-oxidant agent extracted from

bamboo leaves has been established i iin Zhejiang ji Province i

with a production of 100 tons/per. The price of this high

value-added product product is more than 50 thousands thousands USD/ton USD/ton.

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Extend value-chain of bamboo products into in or

important applications

�Bamboo structural lumber

thi thickening k i

lengthening

BBamboo b structurall llumber b iis made d off traditional di i l bbamboo b

laminated panels through special thickening and lengthening

process process, mainly used as the loading component in

construction.

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Bamboo structural lumber was

used as roofs and poles in a

demonstrative conference hall

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Elementary school built with

bamboo structural lumber

(located in Yunnan Province)

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� Value-added utilization of bamboo culms in

solar energy bamboo culm pre-fabricated house

Solar Energy Bamboo Culm Pre-fabricated Pre fabricated House

integrates collection technology of solar energy into

bamboo culms prefabricated house. This bamboo house

has the following characteristics:

� The bamboo culms are used both for structural

materialsand t i l d hheat tconduction d ti channel; h l

� The application of solar energy technology and energy

storage technology significantly decreases the

consumption of energy during service life of house.

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Solar energy

panels

Soalr

thermal

collectors

Exterior

wall

Composite

wall

A schematic of solar energy/round bamboo demonstration house

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Roof

component

Bamboo pole

for supporting pp g

and thermal

conducting

Route of

heat flow

Energy

storage

componentt

House

ffoundation d ti

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Solar energy/round bamboo demonstration house developed by

ICBR and CAF CAF in China

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Conclusions

�� The both increase of bamboo biomass and production

value during the past 30 years in China demonstrates that

bamboo resources could be sustainablly utilized without

resulting in negative effect on the environment

environment.

� China has preliminarily p y realized the maximum value of

bamboo culms by developing models of whole bamboo

utilization. The primary processing factories play a very

important role during the process.

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Conclusions

� The value of bamboo products p can be further added byy

secondary processing and broadening their fields of

application;

�� Scientific researches can stimulate the development of

new high value-added bamboo based products or prolong the

value chain of existing products, which are partially reflected

bby the h rapid id iincrease off bbamboo b iindustry d off Chi China since i

2000 .

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Thank you! y

Key Lab for Bamboo and Rattan Sci §Tech