atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 04.2019
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<strong>atw</strong> Vol. 64 (2019) | Issue 4 ı April<br />
Statement N Mdn Min Max SD<br />
(1) NPP is obliged to recognize and respect the interests and legitimate rights of various stakeholders<br />
and respond to their initiatives.<br />
| | Tab. 3.<br />
Statements from the questionnaire, basic statistics.<br />
Note. N= total number of responses; Mdn = median; Min = minimum value; Max = maximal value; SD = standard deviation.<br />
App. 35 % of the participants in the<br />
survey have a residence of more than<br />
100 km from the NPP (Table 1).<br />
Response rate of the NPPs was<br />
about 30 %. All together, 45 respondents<br />
were operators and three<br />
respondents were among owners of<br />
NPPs. Table 2 shows involvement of<br />
NPPs’ representatives, namely members<br />
of top management, representatives<br />
in the WANO organization and<br />
public relation officers.<br />
Due to low response rate of the<br />
owners, we consider in continuation<br />
of this article only responses from the<br />
operators.<br />
Data analysis<br />
<strong>for</strong> hypothesis testing<br />
For testing the hypothesis set, 11<br />
statements from the questionnaire <strong>for</strong><br />
stakeholders were used, <strong>for</strong> which the<br />
respondents expressed their degree of<br />
agreement (Table 3).<br />
Ordinal variables were not normally<br />
distributed. We used factor<br />
analysis <strong>for</strong> the ordinal variables, the<br />
Maximum Likelihood (ML) method,<br />
which is more robust in terms of<br />
abnormal distribution. Using the<br />
histograms, we also verified that there<br />
were no outliers. Using the Lisrel tool,<br />
we per<strong>for</strong>med exploratory factor<br />
analysis <strong>for</strong> the Varimax rotation<br />
ordinal variables. We found that three<br />
factors offered a suitable solution<br />
( Table 4).<br />
With the Cronbach alpha test, we<br />
found that variables 5 and 8 differed<br />
significantly, so we excluded them.<br />
Variables 1 to 4 were combined in<br />
Factor 1, “Respect” ( respecting stakeholder<br />
interests). In Factor 2 “Acceptability”<br />
(acceptability of NPP) we<br />
combined variables 6 and 7. In Factor<br />
3 “Coexistence” (quality of coexistence)<br />
we combined variables 9 to 11.<br />
The correlations between the factors<br />
are given in Table 5. It is evident that<br />
the correlation between factors 1 and<br />
3 is weak (0.057).<br />
In all three data constructs, the<br />
Cronbach Alpha was greater than<br />
0.7, what ensures good reliability<br />
( Table 6).<br />
Calculation was per<strong>for</strong>med using<br />
the SEM method (structural equation<br />
modelling). Namely, according to<br />
Civelek [2018] SEM tests the relationships<br />
between observed and latent<br />
variables. Observed variables are the<br />
measured variables in the data collection<br />
process and latent variables are<br />
the variables measured by connecting<br />
to the observed variables because they<br />
cannot be directly measured. SEM<br />
consists of two basic components as<br />
structural model and measurement<br />
model. Another reason <strong>for</strong> the widespread<br />
adoption of this method is the<br />
ability of taking into the account<br />
measurement errors and the relationships<br />
between errors in the observed<br />
variables.<br />
In the basic model, we used all three<br />
defined latent variables: respec ting<br />
| | Tab. 5.<br />
Correlations between factors.<br />
289 4 3 5 0.566<br />
(2) NPP should be aware that some stakeholders might have a significant influence on its operation. 289 4 3 5 0.565<br />
(3) NPP must take into account the relationships between the interests of its stakeholders, the broader<br />
expectations of society and nuclear power plants.<br />
287 4 2 5 0.601<br />
(4) NPP must know how its stakeholders are satisfied with the activities it is carrying out. 288 4 3 5 0.549<br />
(5) NPP can also be located in the vicinity of residential areas. 288 2 1 5 1.065<br />
(6) The acceptability of a NPP in the environment is possible only if NPP respect and take into account<br />
the interests of their stakeholders.<br />
288 4 1 5 0.968<br />
(7) The trust between local communities and the NPP is a prerequisite <strong>for</strong> the acceptance of NPP. 288 4 1 5 0.870<br />
(8) Donations and other material incentives <strong>for</strong> local communities increase the acceptability of the NPP. 287 4 1 5 1.145<br />
(9) NPP can be placed in the environment where I live, but only if they are socially responsible. 286 4 1 5 1.323<br />
(10) NPP creates new jobs, expands economic activity and technological development. 288 4 1 5 1.001<br />
(11) NPP influences the higher quality of life in the local community. 286 3 1 5 1.171<br />
Statement Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Unique variance<br />
(1) 0.844 0.021 0.026 0.287<br />
(2) 0.973 0.010 0.025 0.052<br />
(3) 0.790 0.319 0.033 0.272<br />
(4) 0.688 0.367 0.146 0.370<br />
(5) -0.058 0.116 0.656 0.553<br />
(6) 0.333 0.640 0.460 0.268<br />
(7) 0.305 0.646 0.529 0.210<br />
(8) 0.037 0.271 0.604 0.561<br />
(9) 0.073 0.206 0.764 0.368<br />
(10) 0.108 0.167 0.808 0.307<br />
(11) 0.076 0.042 0.882 0.214<br />
Factor 1<br />
(“Respect”)<br />
Factor 2<br />
(“Acceptability”)<br />
Factor 3<br />
(“Coexistence”)<br />
Factor 1<br />
(“Respect”)<br />
1.000<br />
Factor 2<br />
(“Acceptability”)<br />
0.479 1.000<br />
Factor 3<br />
(“Coexistence”)<br />
0.057 0.534 1.000<br />
Factor Statement Number of<br />
statements<br />
Factor 1<br />
(“Respect”)<br />
Factor 2<br />
(“Acceptability”)<br />
Factor 3<br />
(“Coexistence”)<br />
Cronbach<br />
Alfa<br />
(1) 4 0.839<br />
(2)<br />
(3)<br />
(4)<br />
(6) 2 0.812<br />
(7)<br />
(9) 3 0.835<br />
(10)<br />
(11)<br />
ENERGY POLICY, ECONOMY AND LAW 199<br />
| | Tab. 4.<br />
Exploratory factor analysis.<br />
| | Tab. 6.<br />
Test Cronbach Alfa.<br />
Energy Policy, Economy and Law<br />
Successful Co-Existance of <strong>Nuclear</strong> <strong>Power</strong> Plants with Their External Stakeholders ı Milan Simončič and Gordana Žurga