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atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 04.2019

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<strong>atw</strong> Vol. 64 (2019) | Issue 4 ı April<br />

Statement N Mdn Min Max SD<br />

(1) NPP is obliged to recognize and respect the interests and legitimate rights of various stakeholders<br />

and respond to their initiatives.<br />

| | Tab. 3.<br />

Statements from the questionnaire, basic statistics.<br />

Note. N= total number of responses; Mdn = median; Min = minimum value; Max = maximal value; SD = standard deviation.<br />

App. 35 % of the participants in the<br />

survey have a residence of more than<br />

100 km from the NPP (Table 1).<br />

Response rate of the NPPs was<br />

about 30 %. All together, 45 respondents<br />

were operators and three<br />

respondents were among owners of<br />

NPPs. Table 2 shows involvement of<br />

NPPs’ representatives, namely members<br />

of top management, representatives<br />

in the WANO organization and<br />

public relation officers.<br />

Due to low response rate of the<br />

owners, we consider in continuation<br />

of this article only responses from the<br />

operators.<br />

Data analysis<br />

<strong>for</strong> hypothesis testing<br />

For testing the hypothesis set, 11<br />

statements from the questionnaire <strong>for</strong><br />

stakeholders were used, <strong>for</strong> which the<br />

respondents expressed their degree of<br />

agreement (­Table 3).<br />

Ordinal variables were not normally<br />

distributed. We used factor<br />

analysis <strong>for</strong> the ordinal variables, the<br />

Maximum Likelihood (ML) method,<br />

which is more robust in terms of<br />

abnormal distribution. Using the<br />

histograms, we also verified that there<br />

were no outliers. Using the Lisrel tool,<br />

we per<strong>for</strong>med exploratory factor<br />

analysis <strong>for</strong> the Varimax rotation<br />

ordinal variables. We found that three<br />

factors offered a suitable solution<br />

( Table 4).<br />

With the Cronbach alpha test, we<br />

found that variables 5 and 8 differed<br />

significantly, so we excluded them.<br />

Variables 1 to 4 were combined in<br />

Factor 1, “Respect” ( respecting stakeholder<br />

interests). In Factor 2 “Acceptability”<br />

(acceptability of NPP) we<br />

combined variables 6 and 7. In Factor<br />

3 “Coexistence” (quality of coexistence)<br />

we combined variables 9 to 11.<br />

The correlations between the factors<br />

are given in Table 5. It is evident that<br />

the correlation between factors 1 and<br />

3 is weak (0.057).<br />

In all three data constructs, the<br />

Cronbach Alpha was greater than<br />

0.7, what ensures good reliability<br />

( Table 6).<br />

Calculation was per<strong>for</strong>med using<br />

the SEM method (structural equation<br />

modelling). Namely, according to<br />

Civelek [2018] SEM tests the relationships<br />

between observed and latent<br />

variables. Observed variables are the<br />

measured variables in the data collection<br />

process and latent variables are<br />

the variables measured by connecting<br />

to the observed variables because they<br />

cannot be directly measured. SEM<br />

consists of two basic components as<br />

structural model and measurement<br />

model. Another reason <strong>for</strong> the widespread<br />

adoption of this method is the<br />

ability of taking into the account<br />

measurement errors and the relationships<br />

between errors in the observed<br />

variables.<br />

In the basic model, we used all three<br />

defined latent variables: respec ting<br />

| | Tab. 5.<br />

Correlations between factors.<br />

289 4 3 5 0.566<br />

(2) NPP should be aware that some stakeholders might have a significant influence on its operation. 289 4 3 5 0.565<br />

(3) NPP must take into account the relationships between the interests of its stakeholders, the broader<br />

expectations of society and nuclear power plants.<br />

287 4 2 5 0.601<br />

(4) NPP must know how its stakeholders are satisfied with the activities it is carrying out. 288 4 3 5 0.549<br />

(5) NPP can also be located in the vicinity of residential areas. 288 2 1 5 1.065<br />

(6) The acceptability of a NPP in the environment is possible only if NPP respect and take into account<br />

the interests of their stakeholders.<br />

288 4 1 5 0.968<br />

(7) The trust between local communities and the NPP is a prerequisite <strong>for</strong> the acceptance of NPP. 288 4 1 5 0.870<br />

(8) Donations and other material incentives <strong>for</strong> local communities increase the acceptability of the NPP. 287 4 1 5 1.145<br />

(9) NPP can be placed in the environment where I live, but only if they are socially responsible. 286 4 1 5 1.323<br />

(10) NPP creates new jobs, expands economic activity and technological development. 288 4 1 5 1.001<br />

(11) NPP influences the higher quality of life in the local community. 286 3 1 5 1.171<br />

Statement Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Unique variance<br />

(1) 0.844 0.021 0.026 0.287<br />

(2) 0.973 0.010 0.025 0.052<br />

(3) 0.790 0.319 0.033 0.272<br />

(4) 0.688 0.367 0.146 0.370<br />

(5) -0.058 0.116 0.656 0.553<br />

(6) 0.333 0.640 0.460 0.268<br />

(7) 0.305 0.646 0.529 0.210<br />

(8) 0.037 0.271 0.604 0.561<br />

(9) 0.073 0.206 0.764 0.368<br />

(10) 0.108 0.167 0.808 0.307<br />

(11) 0.076 0.042 0.882 0.214<br />

Factor 1<br />

(“Respect”)<br />

Factor 2<br />

(“Acceptability”)<br />

Factor 3<br />

(“Coexistence”)<br />

Factor 1<br />

(“Respect”)<br />

1.000<br />

Factor 2<br />

(“Acceptability”)<br />

0.479 1.000<br />

Factor 3<br />

(“Coexistence”)<br />

0.057 0.534 1.000<br />

Factor Statement Number of<br />

statements<br />

Factor 1<br />

(“Respect”)<br />

Factor 2<br />

(“Acceptability”)<br />

Factor 3<br />

(“Coexistence”)<br />

Cronbach<br />

Alfa<br />

(1) 4 0.839<br />

(2)<br />

(3)<br />

(4)<br />

(6) 2 0.812<br />

(7)<br />

(9) 3 0.835<br />

(10)<br />

(11)<br />

ENERGY POLICY, ECONOMY AND LAW 199<br />

| | Tab. 4.<br />

Exploratory factor analysis.<br />

| | Tab. 6.<br />

Test Cronbach Alfa.<br />

Energy Policy, Economy and Law<br />

Successful Co-Existance of <strong>Nuclear</strong> <strong>Power</strong> Plants with Their External Stakeholders ı Milan Simončič and Gordana Žurga

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