46 Country-Specific Infor

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46 Country-Specific Information 4.1 Algeria — QUOTE: « To understand the phenomenon [Algeria’s isolation from Africa], you need to look at the history. Algiers was the Mecca of African revolutionaries. After the ‘black decade’ [the 1990s], Algeria took some distance from Africa. Artists became interested in what lay behind the sea, which is to say Europe. Europe’s cultural and economic might allow it to decide on the direction of mobility. » FAST FACTS Population 41.3 million (World Bank, 2017) Walid Aidoud Visual artist, founder of Box24, Algiers* — Surface area Capital Large cities Languages 2.382 million km² Algiers Oran, Constantine, Annaba, Blida, Tizi Ozou Modern Standard Arabic and Tamazight (official) Darija (vernacular Algerian Arabic) French Dialling code +213 Currency Main international airports Algerian dinar Houari Boumediene International Airport, Algiers Mohamed Boudiaf International Airport, Constantine Es-Sénia International Airport, Oran Rail network Société nationale des transports ferroviaires (SNTF), 4500 km of railways Visa requirements for Africans to enter Algeria Visa-free access for nationals of Maghreb countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania), Mali and the Seychelles Visa required for all other nationalities African countries’ visa requirements for Algerian nationals Visa-free travel: Maghreb countries, Mali, Guinea and Benin E-visa or visa upon arrival: Angola, Cabo- Verde, the Comoros, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe Visa required for all other African countries
47 Country-Specific Information — GENERAL INFORMATION — Algeria is the largest country in Africa and shares a border with all the countries of North Africa, with the exception of Egypt. To its North lies the Mediterranean Sea, while the Sahara desert covers a wide swathe of the South of the country. Algeria’s first peoples are the Amazighen. Ancient Algeria was occupied consecutively by the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians and the Romans before the Arab invasions of the 8th – 11th centuries AD. The Ottoman Empire occupied coastal Algeria between 1518 and 1830. In 1830, France annexed Algeria, beginning a lengthy and violent process of colonization. Algeria was administered as a département of France between 1848 and Independence in 1962. The latter was won through a complex and brutal war, with torture and massacres deployed by the French against the Algerian resistance. Over the years of colonial presence, the French implemented a thorough acculturation policy. Resistance to this policy has defined the foundations of modern-day Algerian identity: Islamic, Arabic and Amazigh (Boukrouh and Kessab, 2010). Today, French has no official status but is widely spoken and used in government, media and educational institutions, a legacy of Algeria’s colonial history. Affiliation to Africa was enshrined in the constitution of 1963, a reflection of Algeria’s commitment to and centrality within decolonization movements across the continent. Dubbed the “Mecca of revolution” by Amilcar Cabral, Algiers was a place of meeting for African resistance leaders and political exiles in the 1960s and 1970s. The Pan-African festival of 1969 was held in Algiers, and the city was a seat for essential intellectual and political movements such as pan-Africanism, pan-Arabism and the non-Aligned movement. Algeria’s connections with the continent have been marred by its recent history of authoritarianism and conflict. In the 1990s, Algeria was engulfed in what is typically called la décennie noire (the black decade), a period of violence and terrorism opposing the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups. Abdelaziz Bouteflika was elected in 1999 and remained in power until his resignation on April 2, 2019. Diplomatic or economic relations with the African continent have not been a priority for the Algerian government, although there have been gestures toward investment in Africa in recent years. While widespread protests did erupt in Algeria in 2011, full-scale revolution did not take place. However, on February 22, 2019, hundreds of thousands of Algerians took to the streets in what was described as a spontaneous wave of contestation in response to Bouteflika announcing his candidacy for a 5th consecutive mandate. Demonstrations have continued since Bouteflika’s resignation, as Algerians call for the ruling elite to step down and gather around the ideals of social justice, equitable distribution of wealth, dignity, popular sovereignty, egalitarian republicanism, anti-imperialism and principled politics, among others (Rouabah, 2019). This massive swell of popular dissent is underway at the time of writing, with magnificent displays of solidarity, hope, humour and imagination radiating from Algerian streets to the world. — ARTS AND CULTURE SECTOR — Algeria’s cultural sector has been marked by strong centralization and monopolization of cultural affairs by the Ministry of Culture. The Ministry has enjoyed a considerable budget, with the windfall from oil and gas revenue making it possible fo the Ministry’s budget to swell to $314 million in 2014, the largest in Africa (Kessab, 2015). This budget is reported to have collapsed in recent years with the fall of oil and gas prices and liquidation of Algeria’s reserves. Administration of the Ministry of Culture’s budget has been characterized by tight regulation, opaque financing, poor management, clientelism and a strong emphasis on funding for major institutions and large-scale cultural activities such as festivals. These in turn have promoted a vision of Algerian culture that can broadly be — A L G E R I A —
Page 1: Retracing Roots and Tracing New Rou
Page 4 and 5: 4 Acknowledgments and Imprint This
Page 6 and 7: 6 Foreword FORE — WORD In a world
Page 8 and 9: 8 Introduction 1 — Fact : AMA did
Page 10 and 11: 10 Introduction 1.1 Background of A
Page 12 and 13: 12 Introduction 1.2 Purpose of the
Page 14 and 15: 14 Introduction Arab identity was r
Page 16 and 17: 16 Introduction 1. 4 Overview of mo
Page 18 and 19: 18 Methodology 2 — Fact: This stu
Page 20 and 21: 20 Methodology — NORTH AFRICA —
Page 22 and 23: 22 Methodology 2.2 Limitations 1. T
Page 24 and 25: 24 Sunmmary of Outcomes 3 — QUOTE
Page 26 and 27: 26 Summary of Outcomes course remai
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Page 38 and 39: 38 Summary of Outcomes — 3. LACK
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96 Conclusion & Recommendations Ins
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— QUOTE: « There’s a growing c
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4. Support the structuring of the a
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102 Introduction Mapping and Backgr
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104 Mapping TUNISIA MOROCCO ALGERIA
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106 Mapping Installations & Equipme
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108 Mapping Events & Festivals Alge
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110 Mapping Tunisia Carthage 1 Jazz
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Events & Festivals Algeria Algiers
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Events & Festivals Venues Kelibia F
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Venues Falaki Theatre American Univ
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Venues Mahal Art Space 122, Avenue
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120 Acronyms APPENDIX A — QUOTE:
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122 Respondents APPENDIX B — Fact
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124 Respondents · Mohammed Hassan
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126 Bibliography APPENDIX C — Fac
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128 Bibliography 8. El Bennaoui, Kh
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130 — artmovesafrica.org —
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Art Moves Africa – Retracing Roots and Tracing New Routes: Mobility and Touring in North Africa

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Art Moves Africa – Retracing Roots and Tracing New Routes: Mobility and Touring in North Africa

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