Art Moves Africa – Retracing Roots and Tracing New Routes: Mobility and Touring in North Africa

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90 Country-Specific Information 4.7 Western Sahara *A significant proportion of the population lives in exile in the Tindouf refugee camps in Algeria. Estimates vary about the number of people living in the camps (UN estimate: 90,000) FAST FACTS Population 580.039 (CIA, 2018)* Surface area Capital Large cities Languages Dialling code Main international airports Visa requirements 710.085 km² Tifariti (de facto capital of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic); Laayoune (capital of the Moroccan-controlled zone) Dakhla, Smara (on Moroccan-controlled territory) Tindouf refugee camps (in Algeria) Modern Standard Arabic; Tamazight; Hassaniya Arabic; Moroccan Darija; English, French, Spanish +213 (Algeria); +212 (Morocco) Laayoune ; Dakhla (Morocco) Tindouf (Algeria) See Mobility below
91 Country-Specific Information — GENERAL INFORMATION — The area known by the term “Western Sahara” is a disputed territory on the northwest coast of Africa. It is divided into two regions: the majority (roughly 80%) of the territory is under Moroccan control, whereas a small portion is administered as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), with a government in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. Morocco has built a 2,700 km wall to delineate the two zones, which it continues to guard and monitor with military bases, artillery posts and radars scanning the SADR side. The wall is lined with landmines. Western Sahara is on the United Nations’ list of “non-self-governing territories;” it is the most populous territory on the list. The SADR has been a member of the African Union since 1984, a fact that pushed Morocco to withdraw its membership (before rejoining in 2017). Western Sahara was originally inhabited by Amazigh tribes, which were later joined by Serer from the south. After the arrival of Islam, the land became the site of important caravan routes, especially between Marrakech and Timbuktu. Spain seized control of the area in 1884, establishing it as a Spanish colony. At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, administration was shifted into the hands of Spanish Morocco. Since Spain withdrew its troops in 1975, the area has been at the centre of disputes between Morocco and the Sahrawi Polisario Front. Morocco annexed roughly two-thirds of the territory in 1976 and the rest in 1979, following Mauritania’s withdrawal. The Western Sahara War, opposing Morocco and the Sahrawi Polisario Front, lasted until a UN-brokered cease-fire in 1991. A proposed referendum over sovereignty was planned but has never taken place. Algeria has backed the Polisario front since the beginning, an issue that is at the heart of present-day diplomatic tensions between Morocco and Algeria. The conflict has resulted in severe human rights abuses, including the displacement of tens of thousands of Sahrawi — QUOTE: « There are a bunch of local cultural festivals that happen within the camps and that move from camp to camp. Everything happens on Algerian soil, aside from Artifariti which happens in 2 places – in the camps and in Tifariti. International artists come and spend 2 weeks in Tifariti. » Mohamed Sulaiman Photographer and visual artist, Motif arts studio, Samara refugee camp, Tindouf — civilians and the death of thousands of civilians during the war years. Morocco has been criticized by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and a vast number of other international organizations for ongoing human rights abuses and violent crackdowns on pro-independence demonstrations. Freedom House rates Western Sahara as “not free”, with a score of 4 / 100 in 2018. — ARTS AND CULTURE — Arts and culture in Western Sahara centre on two major annual events, namely the FiSahara International Film Festival and ARTifariti Festival of Arts and Human Rights. FiSahara takes place in the refugee camps around Tindouf, Algeria, while ARTifariti is spread between the camps and Tifariti, which sits in the Liberated Zone. Both events centre on art as a medium for expression of the struggle for human rights. Both events draw international visitors, including visitors from across Africa. Cultural expression also thrives year-round thanks to small artists’-run studios in Tindouf and across the border. There are also training opportunities, for example through the Abidin Kaid Saleh Audiovisual School. Meanwhile, Morocco has been investing culturally in the territory it occupies, promoting for example the city of Dakhla as a touristic and cultural destination with events such as the African Fashion Festival.
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Retracing Roots and Tracing New Rou
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4 Acknowledgments and Imprint This
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6 Foreword FORE — WORD In a world
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8 Introduction 1 — Fact : AMA did
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10 Introduction 1.1 Background of A
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12 Introduction 1.2 Purpose of the
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14 Introduction Arab identity was r
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16 Introduction 1. 4 Overview of mo
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18 Methodology 2 — Fact: This stu
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20 Methodology — NORTH AFRICA —
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22 Methodology 2.2 Limitations 1. T
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24 Sunmmary of Outcomes 3 — QUOTE
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26 Summary of Outcomes course remai
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28 Summary of Outcomes The program
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30 Summary of Outcomes Two programs
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32 Summary of Outcomes — 3.1. 3 T
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34 Summary of Outcomes As such, con
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36 Summary of Outcomes High costs :
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38 Summary of Outcomes — 3. LACK
Page 40 and 41: 40 Summary of Outcomes — 6. LACK
Page 42 and 43: 42 Summary of Outcomes — QUOTE:
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Page 64 and 65: 64 Country-Specific Information whe
Page 66 and 67: 66 Country-Specific Information Mus
Page 68 and 69: 68 Country-Specific Information the
Page 72 and 73: 72 Country-Specific Information Moh
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Page 86 and 87: 86 Country-Specific Information L
Page 94 and 95: 94 Conclusion & Recommendations 5
Page 96 and 97: 96 Conclusion & Recommendations Ins
Page 98 and 99: — QUOTE: « There’s a growing c
Page 100 and 101: 4. Support the structuring of the a
Page 102 and 103: 102 Introduction Mapping and Backgr
Page 104 and 105: 104 Mapping TUNISIA MOROCCO ALGERIA
Page 106 and 107: 106 Mapping Installations & Equipme
Page 108 and 109: 108 Mapping Events & Festivals Alge
Page 110 and 111: 110 Mapping Tunisia Carthage 1 Jazz
Page 112 and 113: Events & Festivals Algeria Algiers
Page 114 and 115: Events & Festivals Venues Kelibia F
Page 116 and 117: Venues Falaki Theatre American Univ
Page 118 and 119: Venues Mahal Art Space 122, Avenue
Page 120 and 121: 120 Acronyms APPENDIX A — QUOTE:
Page 122 and 123: 122 Respondents APPENDIX B — Fact
Page 124 and 125: 124 Respondents · Mohammed Hassan
Page 126 and 127: 126 Bibliography APPENDIX C — Fac
Page 128 and 129: 128 Bibliography 8. El Bennaoui, Kh
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Art Moves Africa – Retracing Roots and Tracing New Routes: Mobility and Touring in North Africa

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