The ICWC (Interstate Comm

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The ICWC (Interstate Commission for Water Coordination) was the first regionalinstitution set up after independence. Its main tasks are to control the regulation, efficientuse and protection of the waters, to develop a regional common water managementpolicy and to determine annual limits of water use for each state. Its members are theheads of the respective national water ministries or departments, who meet every quarterto determine the exact water distribution-i.e. the translation of the general quotas intoexact amounts based on water flow measurements and weather forecasts. Meetings of theICWC are chaired by the member countries on a rotational basis. All decisions are madeunanimously. Operative bodies of the ICWC are the secretariat in Kujand (Tajikistan),a scientific information centre in Tashkent (SIC ICWC) with branches in all membercountries and the two river basin organizations (BVOs), which had already been establishedby the Soviet government. The headquarters of the BVO Syr Darya is in Tashkent(Uzbekistan); the one of the BVO Amu Darya is in Urgench (Uzbekistan).In 1993, ICAS (Interstate Council for the Aral Sea Basin) was founded with the EC(Executive Committee) as its executive agency. It consisted of five members per republicwho met every half year and decided about the plans developed by the EC, which formulatedprinciples, projects and measures. The ICWC was integrated into ICAS. Also in 1993,the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) was set up in Almaty. All memberstates were expected to pay 1% of their state expenses to this fund per year. Its ExecutiveCommittee (EC IFAS) consists of two representatives for each of the five states. Initially,the role of IFAS was primarily to generate funds from member state fees and donor assistance,while EC ICAS was in charge of the Aral Sea Basin Program (ASBP, see below).In 1994, a new ecological commission was affiliated, the ICSDSTEC (InterstateCommission for Socioeconomic Development and Scientific and Ecological Cooperation),later renamed the Interstate Commission on Sustainable Development (ICSD). Itsmain objective is the coordination and supervision of cooperation in the field of environmentalprotection and sustainable development in Central Asia. The ICSD meets twicea year with the chair rotating among its member states. A Scientific Information Centre(SIC ICSD) is based in Ashgabat.In 1997, the regional institutions were restructured following an evaluation of thefirst phase of the ASBP that advised a strengthening of the regional institutions. Becauseof overlapping responsibilities, ICAS and IFAS were combined under the name IFAS. Thechairmanship of IFAS has since then rotated among the presidents of the five memberstates. The EC IFAS is accordingly located in the respective country. Thus, the ExecutiveCommittee has been located in Almaty (1993–1997), Tashkent (1997–1999), Ashgabat(1999–2002), and Dushanbe (2003–2009; the planned move to Bishkek did not take placedue to political turmoil in 2005). Since 2009, it has been based in Almaty. Another decisionconcerned the fees of the member states. As it became obvious that none of the stateshad fulfilled its financial commitments, contributions were lowered to 0.3% of the stateexpenses for the rich countries downstream and to 0.1% of state expenses for the poorcountries upstream.In 2002, the IFAS Board decided to establish a Regional Centre of Hydrology (RCH)and attach it to EC IFAS. Its main purpose is to improve the system of hydro-meteorologicalIFAS: A history of post-Soviet cooperation 47
forecasting, environmental monitoring and data exchange among the national hydrometeorologicalagencies in the region. RCH is currently located in Almaty, Kazakhstan.Since then, the structure of the IFAS has read as follows:O r g a n i z a t i o n a l S t r u c t u r e o f I F A SCA States President Councilon the problems of the Aral Sea BasinPresident of IFASRevisionCommisionCouncil of the International Fund for Saving the Aral SeaInterstate CommissionforWater CoordinationInterstate Commissionfor SustainableDevelopmentExecutive Committeeof the International Fundfor Saving the Aral SeaSecretariatSecretariatExecutive managementfor KazakhstanSIC ICWCSIC ICSDRegional Centreof HydrologyExecutive managementfor KyrgyzstanBVOSyr DaryaBranch in TajikistanBVOAmu DaryaBranch in Dashouz(Turkmenistan)CoordinationCenter forMetrologyRASBAgencyin UzbekistanNukus BranchKyzylordaBranch48 IFAS: organizational structure
Page 1 and 2: From the Glaciersto the Aral SeaWat
Page 4 and 5: Preface 5Introduction 7Water manage
Page 6: PrefaceCentral Asia is a fascinatin
Page 9 and 10: iClimate change affects waterCentra
Page 11 and 12: i The Amu Darya and the Syr Darya:
Page 13 and 14: Amu Darya’s linear schemeGarm (TJ
Page 15 and 16: Syr Darya’s linear schemeUp Naryn
Page 17 and 18: well as destructive power of water.
Page 19 and 20: In the 1860s, Central Asia-then cal
Page 21 and 22: i From the Aral Sea to the Aralkum:
Page 23 and 24: and «a vivid testament to what (..
Page 25 and 26: still applied. The water loss from
Page 27 and 28: CountryKazakhstanKyrgyzstanTajikist
Page 29 and 30: The second important inter-republic
Page 32 and 33: Transboundary watersin the six stat
Page 34 and 35: Afghanistan, but only assumed that
Page 36 and 37: and gas production have increased r
Page 38 and 39: After the delivery of coal and gas
Page 40 and 41: a severe energy crisis today. In wi
Page 42 and 43: irrigation is the main water consum
Page 44: fears that the filling of the reser
Page 47: Whose rights and which principle ha
Page 51 and 52: their disposal. These conditions le
Page 53 and 54: discharge times and amounts, as wel
Page 55 and 56: - taking into account climate chang
Page 57 and 58: EC IFAS received a total of 335 pro
Page 59 and 60: boundaries, introduce public partic
Page 61 and 62: Within the «Transboundary Water Ma
Page 63 and 64: cooperation in the Central Asian wa
Page 65: The way forwardAll over the world,
Page 69 and 70: 68
Page 71 and 72: Pamir / Amu DaryaThe Pamir still fa
Page 73 and 74: 72 Lake Sarez, Pamir, Tajikistan
Page 75 and 76: 74 Top: Pamir Mountains Bottom: Hig
Page 77 and 78: 76 Fedchenko Glacier, Pamir, Tajiki
Page 79 and 80: 78 Glacier on a mountain slope, Pam
Page 81 and 82: 80 Glaciers in the Pamir Mountains,
Page 83 and 84: 82 Top: Border river Panj near Khor
Page 85 and 86: 84 Vaksh Valley, Tajikistan
Page 87 and 88: 86 Nurek overflow into the river Va
Page 89 and 90: 88 Nurek Dam overlooking the power
Page 91 and 92: 90 New construction projects along
Page 93 and 94: 92 Girlfriends in Dushanbe, Tajikis
Page 95 and 96: 94 Rogun advertisement with Preside
Page 97 and 98: 96 Cotton harvest in Central Asia
Page 99 and 100:
98 Market along the city walls, Khi
Page 101 and 102:
100 Transporting watermelons, Uzbek
Page 103 and 104:
102 Kalta Minor, Unfinished Minaret
Page 105 and 106:
104 Wooden pillars in the Djuma Mos
Page 107 and 108:
106 Women from the Ferghana Valley
Page 109 and 110:
108 Life at the turn of the century
Page 111 and 112:
110
Page 113 and 114:
KarakumWhen I arrived in Ashgabat i
Page 115 and 116:
114 Camels in the midday heat, Mari
Page 117 and 118:
116 Weir at the Murghab River near
Page 119 and 120:
118 Top: Gore Tepe, World Heritage
Page 121 and 122:
120 Afternoon tea of an old Turkman
Page 123 and 124:
122 Preparations for festivities, G
Page 125 and 126:
124 Karakum Canal near Ashgabat and
Page 127 and 128:
126 Street scenes in Ashgabat, Turk
Page 129 and 130:
128 Central square in Ashgabat with
Page 131 and 132:
130 Market scene in Ashgabat, Turkm
Page 133 and 134:
132 Top: Women in national costumes
Page 135 and 136:
134 Men, women and children in nati
Page 137 and 138:
136 Parliament, Ashgabat, Turkmenis
Page 139 and 140:
138 Ashgabat at night, Turkmenistan
Page 141 and 142:
140 Darvaza gas crater in the middl
Page 143 and 144:
142 Young Turkmen girl on the edge
Page 145 and 146:
144 Salt mine. Karabogas Gol, Turkm
Page 147 and 148:
146 View of the Amu Darya on the fl
Page 149 and 150:
148
Page 151 and 152:
Alai / ZarafshanThe Zarafshan River
Page 153 and 154:
152 Views of the valley and glacier
Page 155 and 156:
154 Oasis above the Zarafshan River
Page 157 and 158:
156 Top: Old mountain residents sit
Page 159 and 160:
158 Workers at construction site of
Page 161 and 162:
160 Water point in the middle of th
Page 163 and 164:
162 Colorful clothes in the yard, D
Page 165 and 166:
164 Staying in Dashdi Obodon, Tajik
Page 167 and 168:
166 Village school, Dashdi Obodon,
Page 169 and 170:
168 Boys in the school in Dashdi Ob
Page 171 and 172:
170 Registan Square in Samarkand at
Page 173 and 174:
172 Entrance to the Ulugbek Madrasa
Page 175 and 176:
174 Kalyan Minaret Kalon Mosque, Bu
Page 177 and 178:
176 Young men in Bukhara, Uzbekista
Page 179 and 180:
178 Fortress of Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Page 181 and 182:
180 Women in Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Page 183 and 184:
182 Women in Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Page 185 and 186:
184
Page 187 and 188:
Tian Shan / Syr DaryaEndless glacie
Page 189 and 190:
188 View from the helicopter: Inylc
Page 191 and 192:
190 Inylchek Glacier, Kyrgyzstan
Page 193 and 194:
192 Melting ice, Kyrgyzstan
Page 195 and 196:
194 Kumis drinkers (mare’s milk)
Page 197 and 198:
196 Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan
Page 199 and 200:
198 Singing dunes at Ily River in A
Page 201 and 202:
200 Small Kyrgyz girl herding goats
Page 203 and 204:
202 Top: Girls herding goats Bottom
Page 205 and 206:
204 Top: Yurt in the mountains Bott
Page 207 and 208:
206 Mountain river in Kyrgyzstan
Page 209 and 210:
208 Rice farmers in the Ferghana Va
Page 211 and 212:
210 Rice farmers in the Ferghana Va
Page 213 and 214:
212 Scenes in the countryside near
Page 215 and 216:
214 Market of Khujand
Page 217 and 218:
216 Market scenes
Page 219 and 220:
218 Market in Khujand, Tajikistan
Page 221 and 222:
220 Downtown Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Page 223 and 224:
222 Making a phone call in the step
Page 225 and 226:
224 Salinization of soils in the vi
Page 227 and 228:
226
Page 229 and 230:
Aral SeaIn early 1992, while travel
Page 231 and 232:
230 Canned fish from the local fact
Page 233 and 234:
232 Old fish cannery from the outsi
Page 235 and 236:
234 Vessel on the Aral Sea bottom n
Page 237 and 238:
236 Ships in the sand near Moynak,
Page 239 and 240:
238 Top: Scholars on the first day
Page 241 and 242:
240 Top: The main street of Karater
Page 243 and 244:
242 Kokaral Dam, Aral Sea, Kazakhst
Page 245 and 246:
244 Fishing below the weir, Kokaral
Page 247 and 248:
246 Fisherman, Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
Page 249 and 250:
248 Northern Aral Sea in the evenin
Page 251 and 252:
Acknowledgement of generous contrib
Page 253 and 254:
IFAS 2003: IFAS: The way to regiona
Page 255 and 256:
List of abbreviationsASBPBVOCPHDGIZ
Page 257 and 258:
Edited by Alfred Diebold 2012© for
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