BREAK THE CHAINS OF OPPRESION AND THE YOKE OF ...

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Ethics 9. Functional justice means a fair and optimal relation between needs of persons and structural necessities of institutions, processes and resources. It is a question of functional justice, where, when and to whom to allocate how much and which kind of resources. This means related to climate justice: Functional and organisational aspects of allocation and distribution of limited resources is key for a fair solution of climate challenges. 10. Punitive Justice means the punishment of actions which violate justice. The goal is retaliation, determent or overcoming of existing injustice. This means related to climate justice: Where climate justice is violated – and this violation is ethically as severe as other injustices - , measures of punitive justice have to be taken into account as for other injustices. 11. Transitional justice means a provisional justice in transformation societies where ordinary, regular institutions and procedures may be absent or in reconstruction (e.g. in post war situations or after a revolutionary change of the system in a society). This means related to climate justice: in exceptional situations such as after emergencies, accelerated procedures for decisions and aid and exceptional instruments such as amnesty (which is not impunity) may be required and ethically justified. 12. Restorative Justice means a common solution of the perpetrator/s and the victim/s in order to restore justice from occurred injustice by compensation, reparation and/or reconciliation. This means related to climate justice: Climate injustice takes place daily because those who suffer most from the negative effects of climate change are not those who cause it. Decisive and courageous measures of the polluters, especially the industrialised countries, would be measures of restorative justice. 13. Transformative �Justice �means �a process of transformation � � and renewal of reality towards justice, especially to overcome situations of injustice. It is a creative and ongoing process which goes beyond punitive or restorative justice This means related to climate justice: Climate justice is not a single decision or act, but rather an ongoing process which leads to a fundamental transformation of societies in their relations, use of natural resources, distribution of goods and services and sustainable policies. Climate justice is not the result of one or the other isolated action but a holistic process of transformation. 14. On Time Justice means that justice is bound to the right time of decision and action (in German: zeitgerechte Entscheide, Zeit-Gerechtigkeit, in Greek: kairos, the right moment). If a measure is taken too late and the patient or victim dies, injustice happened and it is difficult to restore justice. This means related to climate justice: to prevent and mitigate further climate victims, measures have to be taken on time. The fast climate warming needs steps on time, now. The time factor is one of the most important to implement climate justice. Some of these fourteen aspects of climate justice are in tension to others and it is �� – CLIMATE JUSTICE <strong>AND</strong> TAX JUSTICE – 85
Ethics difficult to implement all of them at the same time. The goal of the list is to be aware that climate justice is not an empty or arbitrary new slogan, but a fundamental value with concrete and challenging content. Ethical Guidelines for Climate Justice How can these aspects of climate justice help to find ethical guidelines for the crucial question in politics, economy, civil society and religious institutions: How to invest and distribute limited resources for the threefold duty of prevention, mitigation and adaptation related to climate change in order to minimize the number of victims? First of all, guidelines can only indicate a general direction. For concrete decisions, the respective situation has to be analyzed and the guidelines have to be interpreted and adapted according to the concrete situation. In many situations, conflicts between values exist and need a prioritization, which can ethically be solved by preferential rules (if case A, then priority X, if case B, then priority Y). The following guidelines should help to prioritize and to solve conflicts between different values. Such conflicts are the criteria for benefit sharing, for burden sharing, for power sharing or for space sharing. 5 1. Volume of resources. Before looking for preferential rules for the operation of limited resources for climate justice, the first effort must be to increase the overall amount of resources available. Resources available to solve a problem reflect the priority given to the problem and the ethical values behind this prioritization. Since climate change affects the whole humankind including future generations and non human beings, high priority has to be given to this �challenge. � �The volume of resources � �is composed of financial resources from governments, private donations, profitable business activities, but also non financial resources such as human, organizational, intellectual and religious resources. In order to substantially increase financial resources, a global climate fund as proposed by the Swiss Government and others, is one important instrument. The taxation of CO2 emissions reduces the emission and generates funds for mitigation and adaptation. 2. Prevention aims at avoiding climate victims by early actions. Prevention respects the goal to minimize the number of victims and supports intergenerational justice, i.e. to avoid future victims. It has – like mitigation - ethically speaking a higher priority than adaptation because it avoids instead of curing victims or minimizing its number. The measures are more efficient because the costs are lower than for adaptation. 5 See Stueckelberger, Christoph (1997), Umwelt und Entwicklung. Eine sozialethische Orientierung, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag, 30-33 (case study on the UNCED climate convention). Chinese Edition, Bejing, October 2008. �� 86 – CLIMATE JUSTICE <strong>AND</strong> TAX JUSTICE –
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eak the chains of oppresion and the
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BREAK THE CHAINS OF OPRESSION AND T
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PContents REAChing Preface There is
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PREFA ce There is No Unjust Communi
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PREFA ce Let us remember: there sho
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PREFA ce ed, stripped bare, when th
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PREAChing 1 Preaching on Justice: T
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PREAChing message of the free grace
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PREAChing come aware of how abundan
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PREAChing I draw attention again to
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PREAChing who believe that “those
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EnGAGEMEnT 2 Commitment after Accra
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EnGAGEMEnT which has become spiritu
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EnGAGEMEnT worries more, is more ea
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Europe’s Discussion about Justice
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were being seen - because of this -
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Discus sion Church and State are fu
Page 36: The Reformed tradition with the ope
Page 39 and 40: DEMoc rAcy However democracy is sti
Page 41 and 42: DEMoc rAcy of the homo politicus -
Page 43 and 44: viewers, the programme is “cut to
Page 45 and 46: DEMoc rAcy Finally it would natural
Page 47 and 48: point modern democracies are open t
Page 49 and 50: DEMoc rAcy Naturally, in many cases
Page 52 and 53: cove nanTi ng 59 Europe’s Road to
Page 54 and 55: cove nanTi ng Western neighbor coun
Page 56 and 57: cove nanTi ng focused on. On the on
Page 58 and 59: 5 pE o H 6 Theology of hope in time
Page 60 and 61: At the bottom of these enormous ent
Page 62 and 63: The question has to be raised wheth
Page 64 and 65: in the communio with Christ. In thi
Page 66 and 67: anity has been closely related to e
Page 68 and 69: world: the oppressed, the poor, the
Page 70 and 71: 8 p EM ire 7 Empire - Provocation w
Page 72 and 73: EMpire thors also supply an ambitio
Page 74 and 75: EMpire Aspects of a difficult relat
Page 76 and 77: governments in southern countries e
Page 78 and 79: EMpire Talk of empire, as this exam
Page 80: EMpire hand, and realpolitik talk a
Page 83 and 84: Ethics two? Globethics.net proposes
Page 85: Ethics 2. Performance-related justi
Page 89 and 90: Ethics instrument, which correspond
Page 91 and 92: Ethics tice. In some cases it may s
Page 93 and 94: Ethics 6. The Principle of Transpar
Page 95 and 96: Ethics to others what we ourselves
Page 98 and 99: Litur gy 49 The Liturgy of Holy Com
Page 100 and 101: Litur gy chosen was that one of the
Page 102 and 103: Litur gy stronger weighting towards
Page 104 and 105: Litur gy It may be argued that few
Page 106 and 107: Litur gy but here particularly so.
Page 108 and 109: Litur gy turn out to be. For if we
Page 110: For the shaping of the liturgy the
Page 113 and 114: PRojec ts The scope of the children
Page 115 and 116: DiaLo g ic analyses which already e
Page 117 and 118: DiaLo g suppression as a power-alli
Page 119 and 120: DiaLo g Dreaming a Different World
Page 121 and 122: DiaLo g We remember together the in
Page 123 and 124: The Further Development of the Conc
Page 125 and 126: DiaLo g come to stand: do they belo
Page 127 and 128: DiaLo g dividuals who come into vie
Page 129 and 130: EXPLoita Tion formation and counsel
Page 131 and 132: there is emerging here a specific i
Page 133 and 134: EXPLoita Tion wealthier lands in No
Page 135 and 136: study 5 of children’s attitudes t
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EXPLoita Tion Christian understandi
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EXPLoita Tion gal prosecution of cr
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these questions. An approach that r
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of governments for the regular fina
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We recommend EXPLoita Tion The orga
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Hope in God’s Future: Christian D
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FuturE I Approaching God in the con
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FuturE All of these changes will ha
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FuturE ship; God’s sacrifice in C
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FuturE between rich and poor becomi
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FuturE Reflection 5 Low-lying count
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gry and those now first finding the
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FuturE Even to sinners like us, God
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FuturE UK Government Committee on C
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FuturE Reflection 11 “A commitmen
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FuturE Alertness to disproportionat
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FuturE set out on a journey of free
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seeking 2. It has become much more
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seeking tions and in the Synod, was
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LEArnin G Praying for growth Food,
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we, with 20% of world-population, a
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LEArnin G hunger, but sooner from a
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LEArnin G And they wonder: what doe
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LEArnin G The richer the USA and Eu
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A Globalance - Christian Perspectiv
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A GLoB LAncE uence on political and
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Recommendations The position paper
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Pov y ert 17 „Don’t Leave Us Ha
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Group Children’s Summit 2006” r
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Pov erty our doorstep as relatively
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Pov erty This well-founded option f
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All these rights could be provided
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Pov erty The action “Hiding is no
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