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Conclusion There is a sense now of what is ahead. The loss of stationarity that is occurring is likely to be far more costly than what has ever been projected. But, because of the recent economic meltdown, societies and governments now find themselves in a situation in which economic recovery cannot be sustained if climate change mitigation is pursued too rapidly. This adds yet another level of vulnerability to the already substantial list of potential areas of conflict over water security: the 1 billion people without access to safe, reliable water supplies; the 2 billion people without adequate sanitation; the serious issues related to how much water will be needed to feed growing populations; the growing number of rapidly expanding mega-cities; the layer of contention related to growing transboundary water issues; and, the expected changes that will result in a warmer climate. From this, take away all the polluted water that is now unfit for other use and the amount of water that will be needed to produce energy and food, and support industry and growth. The results point unerringly in the direction of greater conflict over water. Fortunately, we know that solutions exist, and we are employing many of them. More than ever, our global strategy makes sense. To avoid future conflict, we need to get to the root of the problem, and the goal must be to provide water security for the poor – everywhere. We must extend coverage of potable water and sanitation to all, and concentrate on improving its reliability for all. Even in difficult economic times, we must recognize the high economic, social, environmental, health and political costs of failing to do so. 16 The Global Water Crisis: Addressing an Urgent Security Issue
References Cullen, H., 2010. The Weather of the Future. Heat Waves, Extreme Storms, and Other Scenes from a Climate-Changed Planet. HarperCollins. Dinar, A., 2004. Cooperation in Managing Transboundary Water Resources: Evaluation Approaches and Experiences. Paper presented at the Fourth Biennial Rosenberg International Forum on Water Policy, Ankara, Turkey, September 3-9, 2004. Available at: http://rosenberg.ucanr.org/documents/TransboundaryWaterResources.doc. Fishman, C., 2011. The Big Thirst. The Secret Life and Turbulent Future of Water. New York: Free Press. Gleick, P.H., 2004. “Environment and Security: Water Conflict Chronology, Version 2004-2005” in The World’s Water. The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, 2004-2005. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, pp. 234-255. Gleick, P.H., 2009. “Water Conflict Chronology, Version 2004-2009” in The World’s Water. The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, 2008-2009. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, pp. 151-193. Gosselin, P. et al., 2010. The Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel: Environmental and Health Impacts of Canada’s Oil Sands Industry. Ottawa, Canada: The Royal Society of Canada. IPCC, 2012. “Summary for Policymakers” in Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (Eds.), Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-19. Jury, W.A. and H.J. Vaux Jr., 2007. “The Emerging Global Water Crisis: Managing Scarcity and Conflict between Water Users”, Adv. Agron. 95: 1-76. MacGregor, A., 2011. Insurers Worried About Recent Water Damage. Colonial Times [online] 31 August, 2011. Available at: http:// www2.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/news/business/story.html?id=310d146a-5ef6-4a84-bb0a-4dc3911802a7. Milly, P.C.D., J. Betancourt, M. Falkenmark, R.M. Hirsch, Z.W. Kundzewicz, D.P. Lettenmaier and R.J. Stouffer, 2008. “Stationarity Is Dead: Whither Water Management?”, Science 319: 573-574. Prud’homme, A., 2011. The Ripple Effect. The Fate of Freshwater in the 21 st Century. Scribner. Safriel, U., 2011, “Balancing Water for People and Nature” in Garrido, A. and H. Ingram (Eds.), Water for Food in a Changing World: Contributions from the Rosenberg International Forum on Water Policy. New York and London: Routledge, pp. 135-170. Solomon, S., 2010. Water. The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization. HarperCollins. United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability, 2012. Resilient People, Resilient Planet: A Future Worth Choosing. New York: United Nations. 99 pp. Vaux, H. J., 2012. “Water for Agriculture and the Environment: The Ultimate Trade-off”, Water Policy [in press]. Vidaurre, R. et al., 2011. Climate Change, Hydro-conflicts and Human Security: Achievement of and Gaps in Current Policies. 1 st Policy Brief. EU: Ecological Institute. Wolf, A., 1999. “Water Wars and Water Reality: Conflict and Cooperation along International Waterways” in Lonergan, S. (Ed.) Environmental Change, Adaptation, and Security. Doredect, The Netherlands: Academic Press. Zou’bi, M., 2011. Water Issues in the Jordan River Basin. Paper presented by the Secretary-General of the Islamic World Academy to the Interaction Council’s High-Level Expert Group Meeting “The Global Water Crisis: Addressing an Urgent Security Issue”, Toronto, Canada, March, 2011. Will the Next Wars Be Fought Over Water? Part 1 17
Page 1: The Global Water Crisis: Addressing
Page 4 and 5: About the InterAction Council Estab
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgements
Page 8: Foreword
Page 11 and 12: The undeniable seriousness of the g
Page 13: Foreword xiii
Page 16 and 17: The Global Water Crisis: Framing th
Page 18 and 19: Ethical considerations also need to
Page 20 and 21: 3. Support Ratification of the UN W
Page 23 and 24: 1 Water and Global Security
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Since the serious stat
Page 27 and 28: Jury and Vaux project that the numb
Page 29: 5. The Potential for Conflict and t
Page 33 and 34: Introduction Water is an integral p
Page 35 and 36: shortage Statewide Regional Local N
Page 37 and 38: summer months. To alleviate the con
Page 39 and 40: References Department of Energy, 20
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Water, economic and en
Page 43 and 44: Economic analyses of ecosystem good
Page 45 and 46: • Managing for sustainability. De
Page 47 and 48: Richter, B.D., M.M. Davis, C. Apse
Page 49 and 50: Introduction Water is an essential
Page 51 and 52: early post-Cold War period, from a
Page 53 and 54: 2.4. Water, conflicts, and institut
Page 55 and 56: Renaud et al. (2011) proposed a pre
Page 57 and 58: Carius, A., D. Tänzler and A. Maas
Page 59 and 60: Turton, A.R., 2004. “The Evolutio
Page 61 and 62: Introduction In the West Asia and N
Page 63 and 64: 2. Water in the WANA Region 2.1. De
Page 65 and 66: Following on this, during a persona
Page 67 and 68: Below are some suggestions for how
Page 69 and 70: plants through evapo-transpiration)
Page 71 and 72: WANA Forum, 2010b. Toward Supra-nat
Page 73 and 74: Introduction “The trouble with wa
Page 75 and 76: • Upgrading current water infrast
Page 77 and 78: 60,000 ventilation improved pit lat
Page 79 and 80: 5. The Bottom Line It is widely ack
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The Blue Economy: Risks and Opportu
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2.1 A Human Development Approach to
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apparatus assists nation-states in
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By ensuring that the international
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2.2 Water and Health Security Ganes
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1.1. Human-induced Pollutants Domes
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Table.1. Water pollutants and human
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In many urban and semi-urban areas,
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2.3 Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and
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1. The Impacts of Poor Water, Sanit
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77 64 2015 MDG target Coverage (%)
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3. The Neglect of the WASH Sector a
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References Checkley, W., G. Buckley
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2.4 Water, Food and the Development
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2. Keeping Pace with Change Since t
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one and has yet to attain widesprea
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2.5 Investing in Women’s Particip
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of agriculture resulting mainly fro
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their substantial contribution is p
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Although cultural constraints still
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UNEP, 2009. Water Security and Ecos
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2.6 Water Governance Reform in Afgh
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1.2. The Extreme risk of food secur
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Furthermore, within each basin, lan
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3.2. Early doubts vis-à-vis progre
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transboundary water management conc
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3 Will the Right to Water Alleviate
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Introduction A growing number of ar
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2. Ethical Perspectives on State Ob
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References Barlow, Maude, 2007. Blu
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Introduction It is widely recognize
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Later in 2010, the UN Human Rights
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3.2. Legislative Recognition Dozens
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Mandela, M., 2002. No Water, No Fut
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Introduction South Africans have a
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water per person per day. The appli
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References Bluemel, E. B., 2004.
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Introduction Water conflicts are nu
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4. Water Policies and Their Impact
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y its interconnection to encompass
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Access to Water and Conflict: An In
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Response from the InterAction Counc
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As former U.S. President Mr. Bill C
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The InterAction Council Québec Dec
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List of Participants
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List of Participants: 29 th Annual
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