126 SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT director of the program. We could even expect to be paid for doing our rocket research! Thus in 1939 the GALCIT Rocket Research Project became the Air Corps Jet Propulsion Research Project. In 1944 I prepared a proposal for the creation of a section of jet propulsion within the Division of Engineering at Caltech. It was decided that it would be premature to do so. Instead, von Karman and I founded JPL. Of the original GALCIT Rocket Research Group only I remained at Caltech during the whole period, although Tsien had returned from M.I.T. in 1943 to work with us again. Parsons and Forman were employed, beginning in 1942, by the Aerojet-General Corporation; Smith was at the Douglas Aircraft Company; and Arnold's whereabouts were then unknown to us. In conclusion, I wish to express my appreciation to William Bollay and A. M. O. Smith for their help to me during the preparation of this memoir, to Mrs. Robert H. Goddard for granting me permission to quote from my correspondence with her husband, to Lee Edson for providing me with text from Th. von Karman's autobiography before its publication, and to George S. James for retrieving several references and illustrations used in the text. NOTES Under the title O nauchno issledovatel'skoy rabote gruppi GALCIT v 1936-1938, this paper appeared on pages 69-84 of Iz istorii astronavtihi i raketnoi tekhnihi: Materialy XVIII mezhdunarodnogo aslronavticheskogo kongressa, Belgrad, 25- 29 Sentyavrya 1967 [From the History of Rockets and Astronautics: Materials of the 18th International Astronautical Congress, Belgrade, 25-29 September 1967], Moscow: Nauka, 1970. 1. Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory—The First Twenty-Five Years (Pasadena: California Institute of Technology, 1954). 2. Theodore von Karman (with Lee Edson), The Wind and Beyond (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1967). 3. Frank L. Wattendorf and Frank J. Malina, "Theodore von Karman, 1881-1963," Astronautica Acta, vol. 10, p. 81, 1964. 4. Eugen Sanger, "Neuere Ergebnisse der Rakenflugtechnik," Flug, Sonderheft 1 (December 1934), Vienna, H. Pittner. 5. William Bollay, "Performance of the Rocket Plane," GALCIT Rocket Research Project, Report 5, 27 March 1935; "Rocket Plane Visualized Flying 1200 Miles an Hour," Los Angeles Times, 27 March 1935. 6. F. J. Malina, "The Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Its Origins and First Decade of Work," Spaceflight, September 1964, pp. 160-65; "Origins and First Decade of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory," in The History of Rocket Technology, edited by Eugene M. Emme (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1964), pp. 46-66; and "The Rocket Pioneers," Engineering and Science, vol. 31, no. 5 (February 1968), pp. 9-13 and 30-32. 7. Th. von Karman and F. J. Malina, "Los Comienzos de la Astronautica," ch. 1 in Ciencia y tecnologia del espacio (Madrid: I.N.T.A.E.T., 1967). F. J. Malina, "A Short History of Rocket Propusion up to 1954," in O. E. Lancaster, Jet Propulsion Engines, vol. 12, High Speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959). 8. See note 4. 9. Th. von Karman, "Jet Assisted Take-off," Interavia, vol. 7, 1952, pp. 376-79; and The Wind and Beyond (see note 2), pp. 236-38. 10. The Wind and Beyond, pp. 234-35 and 238-40. 11. "Undergraduates Plan Rocket Study with New Society," Science Newsletter, vol. 31, 8 May 1937, p. 296; and "Notes and News," Astronautics, no. 39, January 1938, pp. 2 and 16. 12. Milton Lehman, This High Man (New York: Farrar, Straus and Co., 1963), pp. 234-35. 13. Esther C. Goddard and G. Edward Pendray, Editors, The Papers of Robert H. Goddard (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970) (hereafter cited as Papers), vol. 2, pp. 665, 746, 804-06, 834, 919; and vol. 3, pp. 1199, 1353. 14. "Excerpts from Letters Written Home by Frank J. Malina Between 1936 and 1946," (unpublished; hereafter cited as Letters). 15. Goddard, Papers, 2:1012-13, 1023. 16. See note 12. 17. Robert H. Goddard, "Liquid-Propellant Rocket Development," <strong>Smithsonian</strong> Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 95, no. 3, 10 pp., 11 pis., 16 March 1936. 18. Goddard, Papers, vol. 2, p. 1027. 19. In <strong>Smithsonian</strong> Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 71, no. 2, December 1919. 20. Goddard, Papers, vol. 2, pp. 1089-91. 21. See note 20. 22. Letters (note 14). 23. Letters (note 14). 24. Goddard, Papers, vol. 3, p. 1199. 25. Letters (note 14). 26. The Wind and Beyond (see note 2), pp. 240-242. 27. See note 4. 28. See note 19; also John W. Parsons and Edward S. Forman, "Experiments with Powder Motors for Rocket Propulsion by Successive Impulses," Astronautics, no. 43 (August 1939), pp. 4-11. 29. Letters (note 14). 30. "Schematic Diagram of GALCIT Proving Stand," Astronautics, no. 41 (July 1938), p. 1; and, same issue, F. J. Malina, "Rocketry in California, Plans and Progress of the GALCIT Rocket Research Group," pp. 3-6. 31. F. J. Malina, Hsue Shen Tsien, Apollo M. O. Smith, and William Bollay, "Report of the GALCIT Rocket Research Project," Report RRP-1, Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1937, unpublished. 32. F. J. Malina and A. M. O. Smith, "Flight Analysis of a Sounding Rocket," Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol. 5, 1938, pp. 199-202.
NUMBER 10 33. Letters (note 14). 34. Willy Ley and Herbert Schaefer, "Les Fusees volantes meteorologiques," L'Aerophile, vol. 44, 1936, pp. 228-32. 35. F. J. Malina, "Characteristics of the Rocket Motor Unit Based on the Theory of Perfect Gases," Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 230, no. 4, 1940, pp. 433-54. 36. J. W. Parsons, "A Consideration of the Practicability of Various Substances as Fuels for Jet Propulsion," GALCIT Rocket Research Project, Report 7, 10 June 1937, unpublished. 37. F. J. Malina and J. W. Parsons, U. S. Patents 2,573,471, 2,693,077, and 2,774,214. Originally filed 8 May 1943. 38. See note 6. 39. A. M. O. Smith in letter to the author, 29 December 1966. 40. See note 2 and also 42, below. 41. A. Bartocci, "La forza di reazioni neU'efflusso di gas," L'Aerotecnica, March 1938. 42. F. J. Malina, Doctor's Thesis, California Institute of Technology, 1940. 43. H. S. Tsien and F. J. Malina, "Flight Analysis of a Sounding Rocket with Special Reference to Propulsion by Successive Impulses," Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol. 6, 1938, pp. 50-58. 44. See note 19. 45. See Goddard, Papers, vol. 3, p. 1199; and The Wind and Beyond (note 2), pp. 240-42. 46. See note 6. 47. Louis Damblanc, "Les fusees autopropulsives a explosifs," L'Aerophile, vol. 43, 1935, pp. 205-09, 241-47. 127 48. The Wind and Beyond (note 2), pp. 206-07. 49. See note 5 and "Designs Rocket Ship to Fly at 4,400 Miles an Hour," Chicago Daily News, 12 April 1935; "Pasadena Men Aim at Rocket Altitude Mark," Pasadena Star News, 15 July 1938; Scholer Bangs, "Rocket Altitude Record Sought," Los Angeles Examiner, 15 July 1938; William S. Barton, "Our Expanding Universe," Los Angeles Times, 26 November 1939; and "Seeking Power for Space Rockets," Popular Mechanics, August 1940, pp. 210-13. 50. F. J. Malina. "The Rocket Motor and Its Application as an Auxiliary to the Power Plants of Conventional Aircraft," GALCIT Rocket Research Project, Report 2, 24 August 1938, unpublished. 51. C. W. Schnare, "Development of ATO and Engines for Manned Rocket Aircraft," American Rocket Society, Preprint 2088-61, p. 7; and R. C. Stiff, Jr., "Storable Liquid Rockets," American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Preprint 67-977, p. 2 and fig. 11. 52. Prix et medailles descernes par la Societe, Bulletin de la Societe Astronomique de France, vol. 53, 1939, p. 296. 53. F. J. Malina, "Report on Jet Propulsion for the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Air Corps Research," (Jet Propulsion Laboratory Report, Misc. No. 1), 21 December 1938 (unpublished). 54. Review by Th. von Karman of C. M. Bolster, "Assisted Take-off of Aircraft" (James Jackson Cabot Fund Lecture, Norwich University, Northfield, Vermont, Publication no. 9, 1950.—Ed.), Journal of the American Rocket Society, no. 85, June 1951, p. 92; The Wind and Beyond (note 2), p. 243.
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