ELECTRIC UTILITY SYSTEMS 101 & SMART GRID SMART GRID
ELECTRIC UTILITY SYSTEMS 101
&
SMART SMART GRID
GRID
The road between here and there
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE
September 27 27‐28, 28, 2010
Room 307, State Capitol
R. Clay y Doyle, y PE, PMP
VP – NM Affairs, El Paso Electric Co.
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Electric Utility Systems 101
“What What would would happen happen if if you you updated
updated
the 20 th century power grid with 21 st
century y technology?” gy
“You’d get the Smart Grid.”
S Smart MMeters
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Th The DOE DOE has h identified id tifi d the th following f ll i properties ti for f the th
21 st Century “Modern” or “Smart” Grid Grid.
The Smart Grid will:
• be self healing
g
• resist attacks (cyber & real)
• deliver power quality desired by 21 st century users
• accommodate all generation and storage options
• enable markets to flourish
• optimize optimize its its assets and operate more efficiently
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
The Th The Th Generation/Transmission G ti /T i i “Grid” “G id”
• Highly Trained &Skilled System Controllers
• State & schedule of all generation
• Generation reserve capacity
• State State of of every every transmission transmission line
line
• Supervisory control of switches
• Schedule Schedule of of all all purchases purchases and and or or sales
• Fault, frequency, thermal, thermal, load alarms
• Crew schedules & availability
• Load, capacity, & state of every substation
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
The Generation/ Transmission Grid:
�� Self healing
�� Resist attacks (cyber & real)
�� Deliver power quality desired by 21
�� E bl k t t fl i h
st century users
�� Accommodate all generation and storage options
�� Enable markets to flourish
�� Optimize its assets and operate more efficiently
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Quick Quick Overview Overview Overview & & Review
Review
Generation/Transmission Systems
• Most M Generation G i is i connected d at the h Transmission T i i Level L l
• Transmission lines are high voltage (38 kV to 500 kV)
• Generation/Transmission System is “Networked” (a “Grid”)
• System Controllers are highly trained in Grid operation
• Operation of Gen/Tran “Grid” regulated regulated by FERC & Others
• Gen/Tran “Grid” highly evolved control and monitoring cap.
• Gen/Tran “Grid” meets all DOE “Smart” Grid requirements
• Customers are not connected to the Gen/Tran “Grid”
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Generation/Transmission “Grid”
L
L
L L
RADIAL ELECTRIC SYSTEM
Distribution System (not not a “Grid”)
L
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Electric Utility Systems 101
L
Distribution System (not not a “Grid”)
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Electric Utility Systems 101
L
LLoad d Substation
S b t ti
N.C. Line Switches
N.O Line Switches
Distribution System (not not a “Grid”)
Load Substation
L
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Electric Utility Systems 101
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Feeder Breaker
Report
Meter Data
Distribution System
Operator
(Distribution Dispatcher) p
Customer Calls
Generation
Resources or
Status
Field Reports
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
Dispatch p Crew
Capability
Li Line LLoad d Data D CControl l
or Status Data Capability
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Quick Quick Overview Overview Overview & & Review
Review
Distribution Systems
• Nearly Nearly all all customers customers are are connected connected at at the the Distribution Distribution level
level
• Distribution System is RADIAL System (not a network or grid)
• Generally, Generally Generally, only 1 path of service to your home or business
• Most Distribution System have limited remote control capability
• Distribution Distribution System System Controllers Controllers are mostly Outage Mgrs Mgrs.
• Outage management: Identify, Isolate, repair
• Do Do not not have have have DOE DOE “Smart” Smart Grid Grid requirements
requirements
• Gen/Tran “Grid” highly evolved control and monitoring cap.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
The “Smart” Grid
P Part 1 – Smart S SSmart or Ad Advanced d M Metering i
Part 2 – System Control & Monitoring
Part 3 – Distributed Generation
Part 4 – The Challenges g
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Th The DOE DOE has h identified id tifi d the th following f ll i properties ti for f the th
21 st Century “Modern” or “Smart” Grid Grid.
The Smart Grid will:
• be self healing
g
• resist attacks (cyber & real)
• deliver power quality desired by 21 st century users
• accommodate all generation and storage options
• enable markets to flourish
• optimize optimize its its assets and operate more efficiently
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Part 1 1 - Smart Smart Smart or Advanced Metering
Texas PUC Requirements
• Automated or remote meter reading
• Two way communication
• Remote disconnect disconnect and and reconnect capability
capability
• Time stamped and portable meter data capability
• Provide real real-time time customer access to meter data
• Price signaling capability
• 15 minute interval recording capability
• On board meter data storage
• Open standards for future compatibility
• Load side side communication communication capability
capability
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Part 1 1 - Smart Smart Smart or Advanced Metering
Immediate Benefits:
• Better outage management
• Less field crew time for disconnects /reconnects
• Theft & & meter meter tampering tampering reduction
reduction
• Better load modeling
F Future F t B Benefits: B fit
• Potential beyond the meter load control
• Real time time data data & pricing
• Better resource allocation
• More More robust robust rate rate options
options
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Hurdles
Part 1 1 - Smart Smart Smart or Advanced Metering
• Data, D t data, d t and d more data d t
• Implementation Cost ($150 - $400 per meter)
System Control & Monitoring
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Part 2 - System Control & Monitoring
L
Load Substation
N.C. Line Switches
N.O Line Switches
Data P0ints
Load Substation
L
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Part 3 - Distributed Generation
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Part 3 - Distributed Generation
• What is new line extension policy?
• What is new new rate rate policy?
policy?
• Can the sub sub-division division island?
• Who is is selling selling & who is buying?
• Who maintains voltage & freq. standards?
• How do you y start a motor?
• Who determines what load stays on?
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Feeder Breaker
Report
Meter Data
Part 4 4 - The Challenges
Challenges
Distribution System
Operator
Load Control
(Distribution Dispatcher)
Capability
Customer Calls
Generation
Resources or
Status
Field Reports
Line Load Data
or Status Data
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
Dispatch Crew
Capability
Line Control
Capability
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Electric Utility Systems 101
Summary
• Utility is responsible for standards (reliability, voltage, etc.)
• Gen/Tran System is a “Grid” arguably a “Smart” Grid
• Distribution System is Not a “Grid” it is a Radial system
• Al Almost all ll customers connected d to Distribution Di ib i system
• Smart Meters & Dist. Generation don’t make Smart Grid
• Smart Smart Meters Meters & Distribution System System control expensive
expensive
• Dist. Generation not presently capable of islanding
• Will require q new regulatory g y models (p (policy y & rates) )
• No trained personnel or system on which to train
• Will require much research, modeling, experience
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 27 Sept 2010
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