16.06.2021 Views

तिलोत्तमाको नीति तथा कार्यक्रम: स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रलाई मुख्य प्राथमिकतामा

दोस्रो लहरको कोरोना महामारीले आर्थिक तथा सामाजिक क्षेत्र प्रभावित भैरहँदा ल्याइएको नीति तथा कार्यक्रममा तिलोत्तमाले सबै नगरबासीलाई छिटोभन्दा छिटो कोरोना खोपको पहुँचमा पुर्याउन कोरोना खोप अनुदान कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गरिने उल्लेख गरेको छ । सरकारी स्वास्थ्य संस्थालाई सुदृढ, सुविधासम्पन्न बनाउँदै ७० वर्ष भन्दा माथि उमेर समूहका जेष्ठ नागरिक तथा अपाङ्गहरुको आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा घरमै प्रदान गर्ने व्यवस्था मिलाउने घोषणा तिलोत्तमाले नीति तथा कार्यक्रममार्फत् गरेको छ ।

दोस्रो लहरको कोरोना महामारीले आर्थिक तथा सामाजिक क्षेत्र प्रभावित भैरहँदा ल्याइएको नीति तथा कार्यक्रममा तिलोत्तमाले सबै नगरबासीलाई छिटोभन्दा छिटो कोरोना खोपको पहुँचमा पुर्याउन कोरोना खोप अनुदान कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गरिने उल्लेख गरेको छ । सरकारी स्वास्थ्य संस्थालाई सुदृढ, सुविधासम्पन्न बनाउँदै ७० वर्ष भन्दा माथि उमेर समूहका जेष्ठ नागरिक तथा अपाङ्गहरुको आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा घरमै प्रदान गर्ने व्यवस्था मिलाउने घोषणा तिलोत्तमाले नीति तथा कार्यक्रममार्फत् गरेको छ ।

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( sf] jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd

pkk|d'vHo",

/fhgLlts bnsf k|d'vHo"x?,

sfo{kflnsf tyf gu/;efsf ;b:oHo"x?,

k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tHo",

;Nnfxsf/Ho"x?,

;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?, pBf]u jfl0fHo, RofDa/ ckm sdz{ tyf Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf

kbflwsf/Lx?, ;~rf/sdL{Ho"x? Pj+ pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efj tyf, /]l8of]af6

o; sfo{qmdsf] k|ToIf k|;f/0f ;'lg/xg' ePsf gu/af;L nufotsf

dxfg'efjx? Û

!= bf];|f] nx/sf] sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Ln] cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] cToGt c;xh

cj:yfaf6 xfdL gu/af;Lx? ;d]t k|efljt e}/x]sf] cj:yfdf d}n] cfh

of] ;Ddflgt gu/;efdf jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k]z ub}{5' .

;j{k|yd g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6«o

lxt, :jfledfg, nf]stGq / hghLljsfsf] nflu ePsf ljleGg

cfGbf]ngx?df cfkm\gf] cd"No hLjg pT;u{ ug'{ x'g] 1ft–c1ft

;lxbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5' . ;fy}+, tL cfGbf]ngsf]

g]t[Tj ug'{x'g] cu|hx?k|lt ;Ddfg JoQm ub}{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf]

?kfGt/0fdf pxfFx?n] k'of{pg' ePsf] of]ubfgsf] :d/0f ug{ rfxfG5' .

@= bf];|f] nx/sf] sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Ln] blIf0f PlzofnL d'n'sdf cfly{s tyf

;fdflhs ;+s6 k}bf ePsf] ;a}nfO{ huhfx]/} 5 . sf]/f]gfsf] vf;

pkrf/ cem} kQf nfu]sf] 5}g . of] /f]uaf6 ljZjdf nfvf}+ hgfsf] Hofg

u};s]sf] 5 . nfvf}+ hgf ;+qmldt ePsf 5g\ . sf]/f]gfsf] sf/0f Hofg

u'dfpg' x'g] gu/af;L, g]kfnL tyf ljb]zL ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjk|lt

>4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6

ub{5' . pkrf/sf] qmddf /xg' ePsf ;a} la/fdLsf] zL3| :jf:Yo nfesf]

sfdgf ub{5' . dxfdf/Lsf] /f]syfd tyf la/fdLsf] pkrf/df bQlrQ

1


eP/ nfUg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ :jf:YosdL{, ;'/IffsdL{, hgk|ltlglw, /fi6«;]js

sd{rf/L, ;~rf/sdL{, :jo+d\;]jsnufot ;Dk"0f{k|lt xflb{s ;Ddfg

JoQm ub{5' .

#= xfd|f] gu/kflnsfsf] ;Gbe{df dxfdf/Lsf] /f]syfddf ;xof]u k'of{pg]

:jf:YosdL{, /fhgLlts bn, hgk|ltlglw, /fi6«;]js sd{rf/L, lzIfs,

;+3—;+:yf, ;xsf/L, a}+s, Joj;flos k|lti7fg, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3,

Jofkf/ ;+3, ;+u7g, Snj, cfdf ;d"x, lzIf0f ;+:yf, vfg]kfgL, jg,

l;+rfO{, 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfnufot ;Dk"0f{ gful/sk|lt xflb{s s[t1tf

1fkg ub{5' . ;fjwfgL ckgfPgf}+ eg] sf]/f]gf efO/; hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg

nfUg ;S5 . To;}n] x/]s JolQmn] ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' of] /f]uaf6 aRg]

k|d'v cfwf/ xf] . clxn] b]lvPsf] sf]/f]gfsf] gofF e]l/oG6 ut jif{

b]lvPsf] sf]/f]gf efO/;eGbf lgs}+ vt/fk"0f{ 5 . ltnf]Qdf

gu/kflnsfdf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf] b/ tLj| ultdf a9\g'n] xfdLx?nfO{

lgs} lrlGtt agfPsf]df kl5Nnf lbgx?df ;+qmd0f b/ 36\bf] 5 . t/,

km]/L ;+qmd0f k'gM ga9\nf eGg ;lsFb}g . o;y{ sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f km}lng

glbg xfdLx? ;+od, cg'zfl;t, ;r]t x'g'sf] csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .

$= :jf:Yo dfkb08sf] clgjfo{ kl/kfngf ug]{—u/fpg] sfddf lgs}+

lhDd]jf/ ?kdf nfUg' x'g d ;Dk"0f{ gu/af;LnfO{ xflb{s clkn ub{5' .

xfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] xftdf 5 . :jf:Yo g}+ dflg;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wg

xf] . dflg; :j:y /Xof] eg] g}+ wgk};f / cj;/sf] cf}lrTo /xG5 .

Pp6f JolQmn] x]nr]qmfOF ubf{ ;of}+ JolQmsf] :jf:Yo hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sg]

ljifok|lt ;r]t /xg d ;Dk"0f{ gu/af;LnfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . ltnf]Qdf

gu/kflnsfn] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf] /f]syfdsf] nflu cfˆgf] tkm{af6

ug{'kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? u/]sf] 5 . xfdLx? pknAw ;fwg ;|f]tsf] clws

k|of]u sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L;Fu h'Wg] sfo{df nufPsf 5f}+ . sf]/f]gfaf6

gu/af;LnfO{ arfpg] sfo{nfO{ g}+ xfdLn] clxn]sf] k|d'v sfo{ef/sf]

?kdf lnPsf 5f}+ . bf];|f] r/0fsf] dxfdf/L ;'? x'gf;fy z+s/gu/df

clS;hg, vfB Joj:yfkg ;lxtsf] cfO;f]n]gzg ;]G6/ ;~rfng

ul/Psf]df h]7 % ut]b]lv j8f g+= ( sf] s]jnfgLdf sf]/f]gf c:yfoL

2


c:ktfn ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . s]jnfgLdf cfO;f]n]zg ;]G6/

lgdf{0fdf cfly{s ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{x'g] g]kfn ;/sf/sf dfggLo

cy{dGqL >L lji0f'k|;fb kf}8]nk|lt xflb{s cfef/ Pj+ s[t1tf 1fkg

ub{5' .

%= sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L a9\b} hfFbf la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfn jf cfO;f]n]zg

;]G6/;Dd k'of{pg xfdLx?n] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] uf8LnfO{ ;d]t

PDa'n]G;sf] ?kdf k|of]u u/L rf/ j6f ;jf/L;fwgsf] Joj:yf

ul/Psf]df o;af6 gu/af;Ln] 7"nf] /fxt dxz'; u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

;+qmldtsf] :jf:Yo cj:yf a'‰g / cfwf/e"t cf}iflw pknAw u/fpg

l;cfO{l;6L l6d;Fu} xfd|f hgk|ltlglw / :jf:YosdL{x? 3/—3/ k'Ug'

ePsf] 5 . ;+qmd0fsf] nIf0f b]lvPsf, hf]lvddf /x]sfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo

;+:yf / l;cfOl;6L l6dsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df z+s/gu/df lgMz'Ns

sf]/f]gf k/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . xf]d cfOzf]n]zgdf /xg'

ePsf ;+qmldtnfO{ :jcg'zf;gdf /xg] jftfj/0f ldnfpg /fhgLlts

bn, 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, Snj, cfdf ;d"x?;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .

j8fut ?kdf lgMz'Ns sf]le8 k/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t cleofgs}+ ?kdf

ul/Psf] 5 .

^= sf]le8—!( sf] dxfdf/L k6s—k6s b]vf kl//xFbf o;sf] lg?k0fdf

vf]ksf] csf]{ ljsNk b]lvFb}g . o;y{ sf]/f]gf vf]ksf] ;'lglZrttf,

sf]/f]gfn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf :jf:Yo If]qdf kf/]sf] ;+s6af6 kf/

kfpg :yfgLo :t/d}+ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug'{, ;/sf/L :jf:Yo

;+:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg', s[lif pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/ aGg' clxn]sf]

ckl/xfo{ cfjZostfnfO{ gu/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf k|fyldstf

lbOPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxfG5' . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] gLlt tyf

sfo{qmd / ah]6df 6]s]/ gu/sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts

ljsf;sf p4]Zo, nIo, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt ;lxtsf] :ki6 ljsf;sf]

vfsf lgwf{/0f u/L PsLs[t zx/L ljsfz of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ of]

gLlt tyf sfo{qmd lgb]{lzt 5 . sf]le8–!( sf] sf/0f rfn' cfly{s

jif{sf] gLlt, tyf sfo{qmd / ah]6 sfof{Gjog k|efljt e}/xFbf cfufdL

3


&=

cfly{s jif{sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] nIo “;d[4 gu/ M v'zL

gu/af;L” g} /x]sf] 5 . o; gLlt tyf sfo{qmd ;+3Lotfsf]

sfof{Gjog;Fu} l;+xb/af/sf] clwsf/ hgtfsf] aLrdf k'¥ofpg sf]z]9'Ëf

;fljt x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] gLlt tyf

sfo{qmd tof/ ubf{ lgDg kIfnfO{ d'Vo dfu{lgb]{zssf] ?kdf lnOPsf]

5 M

s= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg–@)&@

v= :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g–@)&$

u= /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u P]g–@)&$

3= cGt/ ;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yfkg P]g–@)&$

ª= g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf n'lDagL k|b]z ;/sf/n] th'{df u/]sf ah]6

tyf sfo{qmd

r= bLuf] ljsf; nIox? xfl;n ug]{nufotsf g]kfn ;/sf/n]

cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf hgfPsf k|lta4tfx?af6 l;lh{t bfloTj

5= o; gu/kflnsfsf] PsLs[t ;x/L ljsf; of]hgfn] dfu{lgb]{z

u/]sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?

h= g]kfn ;/sf/, n'lDagL k|b]z ;/sf/sf cfjlws ljsf; of]hgfx?

em= ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/n] cjnDag u/]sf cfly{s,

;fdflhsnufotsf ljsf;sf gLltx? .

ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsf nf]stGqsf cfwf/e"t d"No, dfGotf, ax'njfbL

v'nf ;dfh, dfgj clwsf/, ;fdflhs Gofo, ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj /

;dGjosf] l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ ljlwsf] zf;gk|lt k"0f{k|lta4 5 .

nf]stGqnfO{ ;fdflhs hLjg k4ltsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ s'/fdf gu/

;/sf/ x/kn k|oTgzLn 5 . zf;sLo Joj:yfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf]

cg'e"lt ;a} gu/af;Ln] ug{ ;s'g\ eGg]df xfdLx? cToGt ;r]t 5f}+ .

gu/sf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfnfO{

cfTd;fy ub}{ ;Gt'lnt / ;dGoflos ljsf;sf] af6f]df cl3 a9\g gu/

;/sf/ b[9 5 . …dflns xf]Og, ;]js xf}Ú eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t

hgpQ/bfoL, kf/bzL{, d]xgtL / ;xof]uL ;+oGqaf6 g} ;d[l4 xfl;n

4


ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ xfdLn] cfˆgf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGtsf] ?kdf

u|x0f u/]sf 5f}+ .

*= of] ;Ddflgt gu/;efdf d ljleGg ;"rssf] cfwf/df cfly{s jif{

@)&^÷&& df zx/L ;]jf k|jfx tyf ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf pNn]vgLo

sfo{;Dkfbg u/]sf]df d'n'se/sf dxfgu/, pk–dxfgu/ /

gu/kflnsfx?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3n] o; ltnf]Qdf

gu/kflnsfnfO{ pTs[i6 gu/kflnsf k'/:sf/–@)&& k|bfg u/]sf] v'zL

;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bn, hgk|ltlglw, sd{rf/L, lzIfs, ljsf; ;fem]bf/,

;~rf/sdL{, 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, ;fdflhs ;+3—;+:yf, Snj, cfdf

;d"xnufot ;Dk"0f{ gu/af;Ldf k'gM ;f6\g rfxfG5' . k'/:sf/ k|bfg

ug{'x'g] ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L s]kL zdf{ cf]nLHo", k'/:sf/sf] nflu

l;kmfl/; ug]{ lj1 d"Nof+sg ;d"x, g]kfn gu/kflnsf ;+3k|lt xflb{s

cfef/ Pj+ s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' . ;fy}+ cfufdL lbgdf gu/sf] ;d[l4 /

gu/af;Lsf] v'zLsf] nflu oxfFx?;Fus}+ ;xsfo{df cem}+ /rgfTds sfd

ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5' . rfn' cfly{s jif{d}+ gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v

k|zf;lgs sfof{no cfkm\g} :jfldTjsf] ejgaf6 ;~rfng ePsf] 5 .

o:t} w]/}h;f] j8f sfof{nox? ;d]t cfkm\g} ejgdf ;/]sf 5g\ .

cfjZos :yfgLo sfg"g lgdf{0f ub}{ To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog,

lzIff If]qdf ul/Psf c;n cEof;, ltnf]Qdf nufgL ;Dd]ng, xfdLn]

rnfPsf z'Go kf]lnlyg, lgoldt ;/;kmfO{, xl/ofnL k|j4{g cleofg

nufotsf ljleGg cleofg, ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf gLltut lg0f{on]

/fli6«o hLjgdf ltnf]Qdf gu/k|ltsf] ljZjf; / cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5 .

gu/ ;/sf/sf] ljsf; k|of;df k|b]z ;/sf/, ;+3Lo ;/sf/,

;fem]bf/x?sf] ;fy / ;b\efj j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

(= gu/ ;/sf/ ;a};Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ ;a} If]qdf tLj| ultdf pTs[i6

pknlAwx? xfl;n ub}{ cl3 a9\b} ubf{ sf]le8–!( sf] sf/0f sltko

sfo{qmd /f]lsPsf 5g\ . sf]le8–!( sf] k|efj /f]lsPkl5 afFsL / gofF

sfdx? tLj|tfsf] ;fy cl3 a9\g]5g\ . To;}n] cfufdL cfly{s jif{

5


ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsfsf] nflu …tLj| ljsf;sf] jif{Ú x'g]5 . o;df ;a}

;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;fy / ;xsfo{sf] nflu cfJxfg ;d]t ub{5' .

!)= gful/sn] cg'e"lt ug]{ u/L ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn ljt/0f, lzIff, :jf:Yo,

s[lif k|0ffnLdf kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds ;'wf/, qmdfut cfof]hgf

;DkGg, pBf]u, Jofkf/, Joj;fo, nufgLsf] jftfj/0f, ;'zf;g,

;dfj]zL ljsf;, bLuf] ljsf; nufot ljsf;sf ;d;fdlos

d'2fx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;Daf]wg, gu/df pknAw k"FhL, ;Lk / Ifdtfsf]

k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{ ;xsf/L / lghL If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{ gLlt tyf

sfo{qmdsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;+3Lo ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu

;xcl:tTj, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flvg] 5 .

gu/;ef ;b:oHo"x? Û

ca d cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( df o; gu/kflnsfn] ;fdflhs ljsf;cGtu{t\

:jf:Yo, lzIff, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{, o'jf tyf v]ns'b, n}+lus ;dfgtf

tyf ;fdflhs ;dj]zLs/0ftkm{ lng] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|:t't ug{ rfxfG5' .

!!= sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Laf6 aRg vf]k ckl/xfo{ ePsf]n] ;a} gu/af;LnfO{

l56f]eGbf l56f] vf]ksf] kx'Frdf k'of{pg sf]/f]gf vf]k cg'bfg sfo{qmd

;~rfng ul/g]5 . o;sf] nflu rfn' cfly{s jif{d}+ /]8qm;sf]

cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf -cfOl;cf/;L_ ;Fu lgMz'Ns vf]ksf] nflu cg'/f]w ul/

;lsPsf] 5 . ;fy}+ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu s'6gLlts dfWodaf6 ;d]t vl/b

k|lqmof cuf8L a9fOlbg' x'g cg'/f]w ul/Psf] Joxf]/f ;d]t

cfdgu/af;Ldf k'gM hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxfG5' . k|fylds :jf:Yo

;]jfsf] nflu df}h'bf :jf:Yo rf}sLx?nfO{ Go"gtd k"jf{wf/, pks/0f,

hgzlQm tyf k|ljlwo'Qm agfO{ e/kbf]{ / ljZj;gLo ;]jf ;lxtsf]

cfsif{s :jf:Yo s]G›sf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 . cl3Nnf jif{x?af6}+

:jf:Yo rf}sLx?df lrlsT;s ;lxtsf] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ qmd ;'?

ul/Psf]df cfufdL cfly{s jif{df yk :jf:Yo rf}sLdf lrlsT;s lgo'Qm

u/L ;]jf k|bfg ul/g]5 .

6


!@= &) jif{ eGbf dfly pd]/ ;d"xsf h]i7 gful/s tyf ckfËx?sf]

cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf 3/d} k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . *)

jif{eGbf dflysf Ho]i7 gful/s tyf ue{jtL dlxnfx? la/fdL eO{

:jf:Yo ;+:yf jf lhNnfleqsf c:ktfnx? hfg'kbf{ gu/kflnsfn]

lgMz'Ns PDa'n]G; ;]jf pknAw u/fpg]5 .

!#= cfly{s ?kdf ljkGg gu/af;Lsf] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] nflu ægu/ k|d'v

ljkGg gful/s ;xfotf sf]ifÆ :yfkgf ul/g]5 . æ:j:y gu/af;L M

:j:y gu/Æ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a} gful/ssf]

;dtfd"ns kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfdnfO{ lg/Gttf lbOg]5 . gu/kflnsf

dftxt /x]sf PDa'n]G;nfO{ yk hgd'vL agfOg]5 . gu/leqsf ;a}

jly{Ë ;]G6/x?sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ u/L ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] xsnfO{

;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . ;fy}, jly{Ë ;]G6/df ;'Ts]/L x'g] dlxnfx?nfO{

k|f]T;fxg eQf :j?k lbOg] ! xhf/ ?k}+ofF eQfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ lgMz'Ns SoflN;odsf] ;fy} ue{jtL dlxnfsf]

kf]if0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg æue{jtL;Fu pkd]o/ sfo{qmdÆ nfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbOg]5 . lh/f] xf]d 8]lne/L sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf nfu" ul/g]5 .

ue{jtL ;]jfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg k|f]6]an

cN6«f;fp08 ;]jf ;'?jft ul/g]5 .

!$= :jf:Yo rf}sLx?df xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf k|of]uzfnfx?nfO{ :t/f]GgtL

ul/g]5 eg] Ps :yfgdf gu/:t/Lo ;'ljwf;DkGg k|of]uzfnf lgdf{0f

ul/g]5 . cfgGbjg :jf:Yo rf}sL c:ktfnsf] ?kdf :t/f]GgtL x'g]

qmddf ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/De ePsf]df To;nfO{ ;DkGg u/fpg

gu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 . ;]d/fahf/ :jf:Yo rf}sLn]

ef]urng u/]sf] hUUffsf] :jfldTj k|fKt u/]sf]n] o;nfO{ c:ktfnsf]

?kdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fu cfjZos kxn ul/g]5 . ;fy}+

/f]6/L Snj ckm ?kGb]xL / gu/kflnsfsf] ;xsfo{df ;]d/fahf/ :jf:Yo

rf}sLdf ut jif{ NofOPsf :jf:Yo pks/0fnfO{ hgzlQmsf] oyf]lrt

Joj:yfkg u/L ;~rfng NofOg] 5 . j8f g+= !& l:yt aLkL u|fd

7


;fd'bflos c:ktfnnfO{ !% z}+ofdf c:ktfnsf] ?kdf lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3

a9]sf]df o;nfO{ k"0f{tf lbg cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .

!%= k|To]s :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df Jojl:yt / ;'ljwf ;DkGg vf]k s]G›

;~rfngsf] nflu k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ cfufdL cfly{s jif{df klg

lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 . ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?sf] :jf:Yo /

kf]if0f k|j4{g tyf zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s j[l4 ljsf; cg'udgsf nflu

ljBfno :jf:Yo sfo{qmd / ljBfno gl;{Ë sfo{qmdnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L

u/fOg] 5 . ;+:yfut ljBfnox?df ;d]t ljBfno gl;{Ë sfo{qmd

;~rfng ug{ clek|]l/t ul/g]5 . ;a} ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf

afnaflnsfx?sf] lgoldt cfFvf hfFrsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . ;fy}+

:jf:YosdL{ sd{rf/L tyf ljBfno gl;{Ëx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; clej[l4

ug]{ gLlt ;d]t lnOg]5 . dxfdf/L hf]lvddf sfo{/t :jf:Yo

sd{rf/Lx?sf] dgf]an pRr /fVg hf]lvdeQf tyf :jf:Yo aLdfsf]

Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

!^= dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu k|f]T;fxg

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . pd]/ k'u]sf dlxnf :jf:Yo

:jo+;]ljsfx?nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|bfg ug]{ /sddf s]xL /sd yk u/L

;~rfng ul/Psf] æ;'gf}nf] cjsfz of]hgfÆ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbOg]5 . l;sn;]n Plgldof /f]syfd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . gu/

leqsf pko'Qm :yfgdf æEoflS;g ;j ;]G6/ / sf]N8 ;]G6/Æ :yfkgf

ub}{ k"0f{ vf]ksf] ;'lglZrttf ul/g]5 .

!&= ltnf]Qdf j8f g+= ! / * df lgdf{0f x'g] æk|fb]lzs ;/sf/L d]l8sn

sn]hÆ / j8f g+ $ df lgdf{0f x'g] æuf}td'4 ;fd'bflos d'6' c:ktfnÆ

sf] sfo{df cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ul/g] 5 . gu/sf afFsL

j8fx?df cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo s]G›sf] ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu s]G› tyf

k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu dfu ul/g] 5 . ;fy}+, # j6f j8fdf of]u tyf v'nf

Jofodzfnf lgdf{0f ug{ of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . b'Jo{;gL Go"gLs/0f ug{

ljleGg r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

8


!*= æ/Qm ;]jf ;xof]u sfo{qmdÆ dfkm{t\ /ut k|fKt ubf{ nfUg] Nofj z'Nssf]

zf]wegf{nfO{ Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps JolQmsf] nflu @% o'lg6 sfod

ul/g]5 . gu/kflnsf leq /Qm;~rf/ ;]jf s]Gb| -An8 a}+s_ :yfkgf ug{

;Da4 ;+3–;+:yf;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

!(= s/lxof cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfnosf] :t/f]GgtLsf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/,

cf}iflw pks/0f;lxt yk hgzlQmsf] Joj:yfkg vfgkfg, of]u, Wofg,

;fwgf4f/f :j:y hLjgz}nL k|j4{gdf cfo'j]{b tyf a}slNks lrlsT;f

k2ltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ cfkm\g} efG;f M cfkm\g} hl8a'6L

sfo{qmdcGtu{t\ /f]uk|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ vfnsf hl8a'6Lsf]

k|of]udf hf]8 lbOg]5 . ;fy}+ of]u, Wofg ;fwgfsf] dfWodaf6 sf]le8–!(

sf] sf/0f kg{ uPsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s tyf ;fdflhs k|efjnfO{ sd

ul/g]5 .

@)= k|To]s :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ dfkb08 agfO{ ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg

vr{ pknAw u/fOg'sf] ;fy}+ :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . ;a}

gu/af;LnfO{ :jf:Yo aLdf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL agfpg k|oTg ul/g]5 .

lglZrt ju{–;d'bfosf gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo aLdf cg'bfg sfo{qmd nfu"

ul/g]5 .

@!= gu/ If]qsf zjbfx :ynsf] :t/f]GgtL ub}{ j8f g+= !! sf] /f]lx0fL gbLdf

;'ljwf;DkGg zjbfx :yn lgdf{0f ug{ b]jbx gu/kflnsf;Fu ;dGjo

ul/g]5 . k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu ljB'tLo zjbfx :yn agfpg ;xof]u dfu

ul/g]5 . zjjfxg ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

@@= …xfdL ;a}sf] k|0f M ;fj{hlgs lzIff k|0ffnLsf] ;jnLs/0fÚ eGg] gf/fsf

;fy ;du| lzIff k|0ffnLsf] ;'wf/sf nflu :ki6 b[li6sf]0f, k|lta4tf /

of]hgfsf] ;fy cufl8 al9g]5 . lzIff k|0ffnLsf] ;'wf/ xr'jfsf e/df

xf]Og ls :yflkt dfGotfsf] hudf 6]s]/ :ki6 b[li6sf]0fsf ;fy rfn'

cfly{s jif{sf sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} z}lIfs ljsf;sf gofF /

l;h{gzLn sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 . lglZrt dfkb08sf] cfwf/df

;fd'bflos ljBfnodf :jR5 vfg]kfgL lgMz'Ns ul/g]5 . ;fd'bflos

ljBfnonfO{ yk k|ljlwd}qL agfO{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfgsf] nflu ;a}

9


;fd'bflos ljBfnodf O{G6/g]6 ;]jfsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . ljBfnon]

lng] z'Ns ;dfof]hg ul/g]5 .

@#= lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ cfly{s÷;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] ;+jfxssf] ?kdf

ljsf; ug{sf nflu ;a} tx Pj+ ljwfdf ;dtfd"ns kx'Frsf]

;'lglZrttf, u'0f:t/df ;'wf/, cAjn Joj:yfksLo Ifdtfsf] ljsf;,

;fd'bflos Pj+ ;+:yfut ljBfno aLrsf] leGgtfsf] cGTo, c;n

cEof;x?sf] cfbfg–k|bfg, lzIff If]qsf æcfzfnfUbf cEof;Æ /

æk|of; u/] kl/jt{g ;Dej 5Æ eGg] dfGotf :yflkt ug{ z}lIfs

k|0ffnLnfO{ lhDd]jf/, hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{, glthfd'vL / pQ/bfoL

agfpFb} ;fd'bflos ljBfnok|lt yk cfsif{0f a9fpg] /0fgLlt cjnDag

tof/ u/L gu/kflnsfnfO{ æz}lIfs xaÆ sf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 .

@$= ægu/ k|d'v 5fqj[lQ sf]ifÆ nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpFb} cNk;+Vos,

;LdfGts[t, cgfy, ckfËtf, blnt, ljkGg ;d"x / Go"g cfo ePsf

;d'bfosf afnaflnsfnfO{ cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIffsf nflu 5fqj[lQsf]

ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 . sf]le8–!( sf] ;+qmd0faf6 lgwg ePsf

kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ dflj tx;Ddsf] cWoogsf] nflu ljz]if

5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

@%= æ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] k"jf{wf/ ;'wf/ sfo{qmdÆ cGt/ut sDkfp08

afn tyf sIffsf]7f ;'wf/ sfo{ / l6gsf 5fgf ePsf ;fd'bflos

ljBfnox?df qmdzM ækmN; l;lnËÆ /fVg] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbOg]5 . ljBfno tyf SofDk;x?sf] ef]uflwsf/ k|fKt k|of]uljxLg

hUufdf j[Iff/f]k0f, xl/ofnL k|j4{g tyf cGo pko'Qm ljsNk klxrfg

u/L pTkfbgd"ns agfOg]5 . e"sDk k|lt/f]wL ljBfno ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf

hf]8 lbOg]5 .

@^= ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?df ljBfyL{x?sf] nflu oftfoftsf] a9\bf] dfunfO{

Wofgdf /fvL k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ljBfnox?sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf cfufdL

cfly{s jif{df slDtdf # j6f ljBfnonfO{ a; vl/bsf] nflu

k|ltljBfno gub !) nfv ljz]if cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 .

10


gu/kflnsfaf6 cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf a; ;~rfngsf] nflu k|ltljBfno

jflif{s Ps nfv ?k}+ofF cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 .

@&= o;} z}lIfs ;qaf6 gu/kflnsfsf ;a} ;fd'bflos tyf ;+:yfut

ljBfnox?df sIff % ;Dd :yfgLo kf7\ok':ts nfu' ul/g]5 . o;af6

cfd ljBfyL{x?df cfˆgf] gu/, oxfFsf] e'uf]n, hfthflt, efiffefifL,

;+:s[lt, P]ltxfl;s dxTj, v'nf z'Go kf]lnlyg, hGd lbgdf j[Iff/f]k0f,

;/;kmfO{nufotsf gu/kflnsfn] cl3 ;f/]sf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmd,

ko{6sLo :ynx? ;DaGwL 1fg clej[l4 eO{ Jojxfl/s 1fg k|fKt ug{

;xof]u x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} cfufdL cfly{s jif{df sIff ^ b]lv

* ;Ddsf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

@*= æljBfnodf ;'zf;gÆ nfO{ k|j4{g ug{sf] nflu ljBfno Joj:yfkg

;ldltnfO{ yk lqmofzLn agfpFb} ljBfno cg'udg–d"NofÍgnfO{ ;3g

?kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . j8f g+= !$ df ;"rgf k|ljlwnufot cGo

k|fljlws lzIff cWofkgsf nflu “ltnf]Qdf l;6L sn]h” :yfkgf ug{

cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf]df ljleGg

ljZjljBfno tyf l;l6Ole6L;Fu ;DaGwg lnO{ sn]h ;~rfng

ul/g]5 .

@(= gu/kflnsf leqsf ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?sf] lzIfs b/aGbL ldnfg /

;?jfsf] dfkb08 tof/ kf/L lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kft ;dtfd'ns ?kdf

Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . ljBfnox?nfO{ lbOPsf] lzIfs cg'bfgnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . afnljsf; s]G› ;~rfng ;xof]uL sfo{stf{ tyf

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ ljBfnodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{

;do ;fk]If k|f]T;fxg eQfsf] Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

#)= rfn' cf=j=df jt{dfg ljifd\ kl/l:yltn] ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf] xF'bf

ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDagsf

;"rsx?nfO{ k"0f{tf lbO{ afnd}qL gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 . u'?s"n,

u'Daf, laxf/, db/;f, v'nf Pjd\ j}slNks lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf

nflu k|b]z ;/sf/ / ;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo ul/g]5 . n}lËsd}qL,

ckfËd}qL l;sfO{ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf] nflu pko'Qm /0fgLlt tyf

11


sfo{qmd to u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . ckfËtf ePsf ljBfyL{x?sf]

nflu lzIf0f l;sfO{df ;xhtf Nofpg cfjZos z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lsf]

Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

#!= gu/leqsf ;fd'bflos SofDk;x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; / :t/f]GgtLsf

nflu cfjZos kxn ul/g]5 . gu/ leqsf SofDk;sf] ;xsfo{df

;'zf;g / ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ljwfdf zf]wsfo{ ug{

ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . ;+:yfut ljBfnosf 5ftf

;+u7g;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;+:yfut ljBfnosf lzIfsx?sf] Ifdtf

clej[l4df Wofg k'of{Og]5 .

#@= ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf æ5fqfx?nfO{ ;]g]6/L Kof8 lgMz'Ns ljt/0f /

lbjf vfhf sfo{qmdÆ nfO{ u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ u/L lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

afnaflnsfdfly x'g;Sg] of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ cGTosf] nflu ljBfno tyf

;d'bfo :t/df afnaflnsfnfO{ k|ltsf/fTds÷k|lt/IffTds ;Lk Pj+

hgr]tgf clej[l4sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . ljBfnosf] ;du|

ljsf;, of]hgf / /0fgLlt lgdf{0fsf] nflu yk k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmdx?

;~rfng ul/g]5 .

##= gu/df efiff, snf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ Jojl:yt

ul/g]5 . nlIft ju{ -cflbaf;L, hghflt, blnt, d'lZnd, lk58fju{,

ckfª\u, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf_ sf] nflu cfly{s, ;fdflhs,

;f+:s[lts ;d[l4sf ;fy}+ cfod'ns, ;Lkd'ns / r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd

;~rfng ul/g]5 .

#$= gu/kflnsf leq cf]em]ndf k/]sf k|ltefx?sf] klxrfgsf] nflu ljleGg

k|sf/sf d}qLk"0f{ sfo{qmddf k|lt:kwf{ u/L snf, ;flxTo / ;[hgfsf]

;+/If0f / ;Djw{g ul/g]5 . gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf P]ltxfl;s

k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfx?sf] clen]lvs/0f / k|j4{gsf nflu

cfjZos kxn ul/g] 5 .

#%= gu/ leqsf cflbaf;L–hghflt, yf?, blnt nufot cGo nf]kf]Gd'v

hfltsf efiff, wd{ / ;+:s[lt, nlntsnfsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu :ki6

gLltsf] th{'df ul/g'sf] ;fy} :yfgLo snf ;+:s[ltnfO{ cfly{s

12


pTkfbg;Fu hf]8\g] sfo{qmd tof/ ul/g]5 . ljleGg hfthfltx?sf

df}lnstf ;+/If0f ug{ æ;f+:s[lts ;+u|xfno lgdf{0fÆ sf] nflu cfjZos

k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOg]5 . :yfgLo pTkfbgx?sf] k|j{4g /

ahf/Ls/0fdf 6]jf k'of{pg sf]z]nL3/ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . ;]d/L xf]d:6]nfO{

k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

#^= Psn dlxnfsf] gfddf ;+rflnt Joj;fo / PsLs[t ;DklQ s/df %)

k|ltzt 5'6 pknAw u/fOg]5 . n}lËs lx+;f Go"lgs/0f / bfOhf] k|rng

Go"gLs/0f pGd'v sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 . dlxnfx?df /x]sf]

k/Dk/fut ;Lk k|j4{g ug{sf] ;fy} dlxnf pBdzLntf k|j4{g ug]{

sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

#&= hgk|ltlglwx? tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtf, dlxnf

;zlQms/0f, n}lËs lx+;f lgjf/0f tyf afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL

cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . dfgj dof{bfsf] gu/ agfpg

hftLo 5'jf5't tyf ;fdflhs lje]b / pTkL8gsf] Jojxfl/s cGTosf]

nflu ælje]bd'Qm gu/ M ;dtfo'Qm gu/Æ agfpg cfjZos /0fgLlt /

cleofg ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

#*= æo'jf tyf dlxnf;Fu pkd]o/ sfo{qmdÆ ;~rfng u/L o'jf tyf

dlxnfx?nfO{ pBd, Joj;fo, ;Lk;Fu hf]8\b} pgLx?nfO{ cfTdlge{/

agfpg cfjZos ;Lk, tfnLdsf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ pBdzLn gu/

agfpg k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . pBddf hf]l8g

rfxg]x?sf] nflu ;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

#(= dlxnf lx+;f Go"gLs/0f Pj+ ;zlQms/0f, of}lgs tyf n}lËs

cNk;+Vosx?sf] lxtsf nflu k|j4{gfTds tyf r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd

;+rfng ul/g]5 . n}lËsd}qL gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff sfo{of]hgf cg';f/

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . ljsf;sf] d"nk|jfxdf cfpg g;s]sf]

cflbaf;L hghflt, blnt, d'lZnd, lk58f ju{ tyf k5fl8 k/]sf] ju{

;d'bfonfO{ gu/ ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf NofOg]5 .

13


$)= ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf dfWodaf6 ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sfo{qmd

;+rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo u/L

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . æ;fdflhs kl/rfng sf]ifÆ nfO{ ;jnLs[t

u/L dha't / Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, cfdf ;d"x

ljleGg Sna nufotsf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?;Fu ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf

lqmofsnfk ;+rfngdf ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 .

$!= j8f g+= ( sf] d+unfk'/ / j8f g+= $ sf] l8ª\u/gu/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf]

Ho]i7 gful/s ldng s]Gb| tyf j8f g+= ^ df lgdf{0f ul/Psf] dfgj

;]jf cf>dnfO{ ;~rfngdf NofpFb} cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu

;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 . gu/ leqsf Ho]i7 gful/sx?sf] ;+/If0f, ;Ddfg

tyf cGo k|j4{gfTds sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ k|To]s j8f–6f]ndf æHo]i7

gful/s SnjÆ u7g u/L æHo]i7 gful/s cGt/k':tf ;Lk x:tfGt/0fÆ

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . lx+;f tyf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf Ho]i7

gful/snfO{ ;+/If0f dgf]ljdz{ tyf sfg'gL ;xotf pknAw u/fOg]5 .

Ho]i7 gful/s kl/rokq ljt/0f sfo{nfO{ j8f sfof{noaf6}+ ljt/0fsf]

Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

$@= ckfËtf ePsfdWo] æsÆ ju{sf /ftf] / ævÆ ju{sf] lgnf] sf8{ k|fKt ug]{

JolQmn] ;+3Lo ;/sf/af6 ;fdflhs ;'/IffeQf k|fKt u/]sf] / æuÆ

ju{sf] kx]nf] sf8{ k|fKt u/]sf t/ s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt gu/]sf kx]nf]

kl/rokq u/]sfx?nfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 k|f]T;fxg :j?k jflif{s ?

^,))) lbg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . ckfËtf ePsf JolQmn] ;+rfng u/]sf]

pBf]u–Joj;fox?df nfUg] s/df ztk|ltzt 5'6 lbOg] gLlt cjnDjg

ul/g]5 .

$#= o; If]qdf lqmofzLn ;+:yfx?;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ckfËtf ePsf

JolQmx?nfO{ pkof]uL x'g] ;xfotf ;fdu|L ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf

ldnfOg]5 . ckfËtfd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ffsf nflu cfjZos u[xsfo{

ul/g]5 .

14


$$= gu/kflnsf leq lqmofzLn u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] kl/rfng, lgodg,

cg'udg d"NofÍg / ;xhLs/0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . u}/;/sf/L

;+:yfåf/f gu/ If]q leq ;~rfng ug]{ ;a} sfo{qmd gu/kflnsfsf]

jflif{s of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ / gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf sfo{qmd

;~rfng ug]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 .

$%= ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf dfWodaf6 ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sfo{qmd

;+rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo u/L

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . æ;fdflhs ljsf; sf]ifÆ nfO{ ;jnLs[t u/L

dha't / Jojl:yt ul/g'sf] ;fy}+ pk–k|d'v dlxnf pBdzLntf sf]if

:yfkgf ul/g] 5 . ;fd'bflos ljsf; sf]ifsf] nflu Doflrª km08sf]

Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, cfdf ;d"x ljleGg Sna

nufotsf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?;Fu ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf lqmofsnfk

;+rfngdf ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 .

$^= ;fdflhs zlQmsf] ?kdf /x]sf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfx?n] u/]sf c;n

cEof;x?sf] cfbfg k|bfg dfkm{t gu/sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df 6]jf

k'¥ofpg 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf] gu/:t/Lo ;~hfn u7g ul/g]5 . 6f]n

ljsf; ;+:yfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

lqmofzLntfsf] cfwf/df 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf

ldnfOg]5 . 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfnfO{ gu/sf] ljsf;df ;xefuL agfpg /

pgLx?;Fusf] IfdtfnfO{ k|of]u u/L gu/sf] ;du| ljsf;df ultzLntf

Nofpgsf] nflu 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf] nfut ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

$&= æPs 3/ M Ps wf/fÆ sfo{qmdnfO{ vfg]kfgL ;+:yf, k|b]z tyf ;+3Lo

;/sf/;Fusf] ;dGjodf cufl8 a9fO{ vfg]kfgL of]hgf ;'? gePsf

j8fx?df ;x–nufgLdf vfg]kfgLsf of]hgfx? ;+rfng ug{] sfo{qmdnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbFb} ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo ul/g]5 .

vfg]kfgLsf] ;]jf gk'u]sf jf8{–If]qx?df ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ df}h'bf

vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfnfO{ pTk|]l/t, ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .

15


$*= gu/ If]qdf vfg]kfgLsf] dxz'n Ps?ktf sfod ug{ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf

;ldltx?nfO{ pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 . cfly{s ?kdf cltljkGg, c;Qm

3/kl/jf/nfO{ vfg]kfgL wf/f h8fg tyf dxz'n b/df ljz]if 5'6 lbg

ljz]if kxn ul/g]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt /

:yfgLo gful/ssf] ;xeflutf / nfut ;fem]bf/Ldf vfg]kfgL tyf

;/;kmfO{sf] ;]jf If]q lj:tf/ / ;]jf:t/ j[l4sf nflu cfjZos k|lqmof

cufl8 a9fpg'sf ;fy} ;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xsfo{df PsLs[t vfg]kfgL

tyf 9n lgsf; ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ul/g]5 .

$(= v]ns'b If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df of]ubfg k'of{pg] tyf pTs[i6 v]n

sf}zn k|bz{g ug]{ v]nf8Lx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbOg]5 . v]nsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu gu/kflnsf, u}/;/sf/L tyf

lghL If]qsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf v]ns'bsf k"jf{wf/x?sf]

:t/f]pGgtL ul/g]5 . k|:tfljt 7"nf v]n d}bfgx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3

a9fpgsf] nflu ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/df kxn ul/g]5 . gu/leqsf cGo

km'6an d}bfg, lqms]6 u|fp08, elnan u|fp08, sj8{ xn nufotsf

;+/rgfx?sf] :t/f]GgtL ul/g]5 .

%)= lghL tyf ;fd'bflos ;+3–;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df /fli6«o k|fb]lzs tyf

gu/:t/Lo v]ns"b k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . v]ns"b ljsf;

u'?of]hgf th{'df ug'{sf ;fy} lghL tyf ;fd'bflos ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{

cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf v]ns"b k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .

d]o/sk Jof8ldG6g k|ltof]lutf, pkd]o/ sk dlxnf elnan

k|ltof]lutf, j8f:t/Lo elnan tyf lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf, /fi6«klt

/lgªzLN8 k|ltof]lutfsf ;fy} ljBfno:t/Lo ljleGg v]ns'b

sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . gu/leqsf Snjx?sf] Ifdtf

clej[l4, v]ns'b tflnd ;~rfng, v]ns"b k|jw{g nufotsf

lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

%!= /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf gu/sf] k|lti7f a9fpg of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]

o'jf / o'jfsf] If]qdf pTs[i6 sfd ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ ;Ddfg Pj+ k'/:s[t

ul/g]5 . o'jfx?sf] Ifdtf k|ikm'6gsf nflu æo'jf kl/rfng sfo{qmdÆ

16


nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . o'jf s]lG›t, n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;zlQms/0f,

nfu'cf}ifw b'Jo{;gL, ;sf/fTds ;f]+r, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ h:tf

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . o'jf pBdzLntf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmd

;+rfng ul/g]5 .

%@= gu/ k|d'v bfloTj o'jf pBdL kl/rfng sf]if :yfkgf u/L o'jf

pBdzLntf k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmddf

o'jfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . o'jfx?sf] ;fx;, l;h{gzLntf,

cfTdljZjf;, pBdzLntfsf] pRr d"NofÍg ub}{ lzlIft, g}ltsjfg\,

;Lko'Qm, cg'zfl;t / pBdzLn o'jf zlQmnfO{ gu/sf] dfgjLo k"FhLsf]

?kdf :jLsf/ ub}{ gu/sf] ;du| ljsf;df kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

%#= ;d'bfo:t/af6} :jo+;]jfnfO{ JolQmsf] hLjg k2ltsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{

;a} ljBfno tyf lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ cfXjfg u/L ljBfyL{x?df :jo+d;]jL

efjgfsf] ljsf; x'g] k|0ffnLsf] z'?jft\ ul/ cf}krfl/s cWoogsf] cËs}

?kdf :jo+;]jfnfO{ cjnDag ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

%$= v]ns"b, ;fdflhs ljsf;, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, k|sf]k Joj:yfkg,

;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kfGt/0f nufotsf If]qdf :jo+;]jssf] ?kdf

o'jfx? kl/rfng ul/g]5 . :jo+;]jfdfkm{t\ g}ltstf, gful/s lzIff Pj+

cg'zf;gsf] dfWodaf6 gu/k|lt bfloTjaf]w u/fpg] tyf >dsf] ;Ddfg

ug]{ cleofgfTds sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

%%= ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] Joj:yfkg u/L cfufdL jif{ slDtdf # j6f afn

pBfg lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . afnaflnsfsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu /

k|ltefjfg afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg / k|f]T;fxgsf nflu ljljw sfo{qmd

;+rfng ul/g]5 . afn>d, afnljjfx Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cleofgfTds

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

17


gu/;ef ;b:oHo"x? Û

ca d cfly{s ljsf;cGtu{t\ s[lif, pBf]u tyf jfl0fHo, ko{6g, ;xsf/L,

ljQLo If]qtkm{sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? oxfFx? ;dIf k|:t't ug{ rfxfG5' .

%^ = Joj;flos s[lifdf nfu]sf ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ s[lif pks/0f, lapmF,

dn, k|ljlwdf cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 .

%&= klxrfgsf lglZrt cfwf/ to u/L k|To]s j8fdf %÷% hgf cu'jf

ls;fg jf s[ifs ;d"xnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ s[lif k"jf{wf/, k|ljlw tyf

pTkfbg ahf/Ls/0fdf ;xof]u k'of{O{ gd"gf s[ifs 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 .

slDtdf % sf hldgdf /f;folgs dnvfb, ljiffbL k|of]u gu/L

k|fª\ufl/s v]tL ug]{ JolQm, kmd{nfO{ dfkb08sf] cfwf/df k|fª\ufl/s

dndf tf]lsP adf]lhd cg'bfg lbOg]5 .

%*= rfn' cfly{s jif{df ds}, ux'F, t/sf/Lsf] lap, l;FrfO{ af]l/ª, df5f

kf]v/L, b'w pTkfbg, km"n v]tL, kz' aLdfdf lbOPsf] cg'bfgnfO{ yk

Jojl:yt ub}{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . ;fy}+ bnxg, t]nxg afnLsf] aLpdf

;d]t cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo

u/L n'lDagL ljlzi6s[t ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] agfpg yfn]sf] b'Uw k|zf]wg

s]Gb| lgdf{0fdf ;xhLs/0f / ;xof]u ul/g]5 . o'Pgl8kL, gu/kflnsf /

k|ultzLn dlxnf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xsfo{df ;~rflnt

cfw'lgs cfn' pTkfbg tyf lapmlahg sfo{qmdnfO{ yk Jojl:yt

agfpFb} lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

%(= …Ps 3/, Ps s/];faf/L M ks]6 If]qdf Joj;flos t/sf/LÚ eGg] gf/fsf

;fy ;'? ul/Psf] s[ifs ;xfotf sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

æsf}zL t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n sfo{qmdÆ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng u/L

cfjZos k|fljlws tyf lapmdf ;xof]u k'of{Og]5 . ;fy}+ hUuf afFemf]

/fVg] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ul/g]5 . j8f g+= !& df ;xsf/Lx?;Fusf]

;xsfo{df agfOg] zLte08f/nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ul/g'sf] ;fy}+ o;df

;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u dfu ul/g]5 .

18


^)= gu/kflnsf leqsf dxTjk"0f{ tfntn}of, s'jfF, kf]v/L nufot k|fs[lts

hnfzo ;+/If0f u/L dT:o pTkfbgdf pkof]u ul/g]5 . dlxnfx?sf]

dfq ;d"x u7g u/L Joj;flos ?kdf s[lif tyf kz'k+IfLkfng Joj;fo

;+rfng u/]df pgLx?n] a}+s tyf ;xsf/Laf6 lnPsf] !) nfv ;Ddsf]

C0fsf] Jofhb/df # k|ltzt gub cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 . ;do

;fk]If s[lif pks/0fsf] ef8f b/ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]5 . s[lif pkhx?sf]

Go"gtd ;dy{g d"No sfod ug]{ qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

^!= s[lif xf6ahf/x?nfO{ Jojl:yt tj/n] ;~rfng ul/g'sf ;fy} s'g}

JolQm tyf ;+3÷;+:yfn] ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/

xf6ahf/ ;+rfng ug{ rfx]df cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .

^@= k|fs[lts ljkQLaf6 s[lif pkh tyf kz'kfng Joj;fodf x'g] xfgL

gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ug{ æafnL tyf kz'k+IfL ;+/If0f sf]ifÆ nfO{

yk dha't agfOg]5 . :yfgLo s[ifsx?;Fu hf]l8Psf /}yfg] laplahg,

1fg, ;Lk / k|ljlwnfO{ ;+/If0f ul/g]5 . afnL aLdf sfo{qmd nfu"

ul/g]5 . k|b]z ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xsfo{df æ:df6{ s[lif ufpF sfo{qmdÆ yk

j8fx?df lj:tf/ ug{ kxn ul/g]5 . Joj;flos s[lif kmd{x? vf]Ngsf

nflu lghL If]q / ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ cfJxfg ul/g]5 .

^#= j8f g+= !# df kz'awzfnf tyf df;' k|zf]wg s]G›sf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf

k|:tfj tof/ u/L pQm awzfnf :yfkgf ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ cfslif{t

ul/g] 5 . ufO{ / e};Ldf vf]/]t / Eofu't], afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/=, s'v'/fdf

/fgLv]t / uDaf]/f] tyf a+u'/df :jfOg lkmj/ lj?4sf] vf]k sfo{qmd

k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . s[lif tyf kz' k|fljlwsx?nfO{

ls;fgsf] 3/–v]td}+ k'u]/ cTofjZos ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]

5 . j8f g+= % df lgdf{0f x'g] kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L yf]s ahf/nfO{

cfjZos ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .

^$= lghL If]q, u}/;/sf/L If]q / ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?;Fusf] ;xsfo{af6

;xsf/L k|j4{g, ;r]tgf, k"FhL kl/rfng, nufgLsf] clej[l4, ;xsf/L

v]tL k|0ffnL nufotsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

19


^%= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f, ljsf; / k|j4{gsf] nflu lgoldt

lg/LIf0f, cg'udg / lgodgsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . ;xsf/L ;+3–

;+:yfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L y|LkL df]8ndf pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u Joj;fo

;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ cl3 a9fOg]5 . ;xsf/L;Fu ;DalGwt clen]v

cBfjlws ul/g]5 . ;fgf ls;fg / sd cfo:t/ /x]sf gful/sx?

cfj4 /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu cfjZos

;xof]u k'of{Og]5 .

^^= ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 ljkGg dlxnf, blnt, ;LdfGts[t, u/La ;d'bfo,

ckfË, e"ldxLg tyf lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo / >ldsx¿nfO{ Psn tyf

;fd"lxs ¿kdf :j/f]huf/d"ns pBf]u Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ Ifdtf

ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg tflnd k|bfos ;+3÷;+:yf, k|lti7fgx¿;Fu

;xsfo{ u/L cfjZos kg]{ Joj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|bfg

ul/g] 5 . gu/:t/Lo ;xsf/L ;~hfn u7g ul/g]5 .

^&= ;/sf/, lghL If]q / ;xsf/L aLrsf] ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/Ldf pTkfbg

tyf ;]jfd"ns pBf]u Joj;fosf] :yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . dlxnf

dfq ;b:o ePsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Joj;fo s/df %) k|ltzt 5'6nfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . ;xsf/L dh{ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

^*= pBf]uL, Joj;foLnfO{ Joj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj lgjf{x u/L

gu/kflnsfsf] ;du| ljsf;df ;xefuL x'g k|]l/t ul/g]5 . pBf]un]

jftfj/0f k|b'if0f sd ug]{ vfnsf KnfG6 h8fg ul/ k|b'if0f sd u/]df /

cfˆgf] pTkfbg Knfli6sdf Kofs gul/ sk8f jf sfuh h:tf

jftfj/0fd}qL j:t'df Kofs u/L ;KnfO u/]df To:tf pBf]unfO

gu/kflnsfn] lng] Joj;fo s/df %) k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] Joj:yfnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

^(= tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf, btf{ geO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf, ;3g

a:tLsf] glhs /x]sf tyf jftfj/0f lauf/]sf pBf]ux?nfO{ dfkb08 k"/f

u/fO{ pBf]u u|fddf :yfgfGt/0f x'g k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

20


&)= pkef]Qmfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu pkef]Qmf ;r]tgf clej[l4,

lgodg, cg'udg sfo{df lj1sf] ;fy;fy} j8f sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t

kl/rfng u/L k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . Joj;flos cfrf/;+lxtf ljkl/t

x'g] u/L vfB j:t', ls/fgf, sk8f, k':ts / kmnkm"n, t/sf/L a]Rg]

k;naf6 dlb/f, ;'lt{hGo kbfy{, ljiffbL, ls6gfzs cf}ifwL h:tf

j:t'÷;fdfg Pp6} k;naf6 a]rljvg ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yfnfO{

sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . k|efjsf/L vfB ahf/ cg'udgsf] nflu

gu/kflnsf cfkm}+n] Ps hgf vfB lg/LIfssf] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .

&!= ko{6g u'?of]hgf agfO ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xsfo{df sfof{Gjog ub}{

nlug]5 . cfGtl/s tyf jfXo ko{6g k|j4{g / /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{

xf]6n Joj;fon] g]kfnLnfO{ dfq /f]huf/L lbO{ sDtLdf kfFr ;o ko{6s

-cfGtl/s ko{6s ;d]t_ a;fpg]nfO{ Joj;fo s/df @% k|ltzt 5'6

lbO{ ko{6g k|jw{gsf] If]qdf of]ubfg k'of{pg] Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;flxt

ul/g]5 .

&@= jgjfl6sfdf lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] qmddf /x]sf] ax'cfoflds Eo'6fj/

;~rfngdf NofOg]5 . jgljxf/ tyf cg';Gwfg s]G›df /x]sf] k|f0fL

pBfgnfO{ k|fb]lzs k|f0fL pBfgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{sf nflu cfjZos

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . gu/leqsf k|fs[lts, wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s,

k'/ftflTjs If]qsf] ;jf{ª\uL0f{ ljsf;sf] nflu ljz]if sfo{of]hgf tof/

u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts Pj+ ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf]

klxrfg, ;+/If0f / ljsf;df hg;xeflutf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . gu/ If]q

leq /x]sf ko{6sLo :ynx¿ / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f Pj+

;Djw{g ug]{ sfo{df :yfgLo 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, cfdf ;d"x, Snj, ;+3–

;+:yfx¿ nufot :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

&#= j8f g+= * df /x]sf] ljGbjfl;gL tfnsf] l8lkcf/ tof/ ul/g]5 . j8f

g+= !$ sf] gGbefph' tfnsf] ;+/If0f / :t/f]GgtL ug{ cfjZos

sfo{qmd to ul/g]5 . j8f g+= * sf] s/lxof ;fd'bflos jgdf /x]sf]

af]6flgsn uf8]{gdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu

21


;xof]u dfu ul/g]5 . gu/leq /x]sf cGo ko{6sLo tyf jgef]h

:ynx?sf] :t/f]GgtLsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

&$= k|fËfl/s vfBfGg, t/sf/L, b"w, df5f, ds}, ux'F pTkfbg Pj+

df5fkfngsf ;kmn kmd{ / ufpF÷6f]nx?nfO{ xf]d:6];Fu hf]l8 æs[lif

ko{6gÆ sf] ljsf; ug{sf] nflu cfjZos gLltut Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

gu/sf lglZrt :yfgx?nfO{ æv'nf If]q 3f]if0ff / v'nf kfs{x?Æ

lgdf{0fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf k|bfg ul/g]5 . yk # j6f j8fdf :df6{

kfs{ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

&%= e"ldxLg blnt tyf e"ldxLg ;'s'Daf;L / cJojl:yt a;f]af;Lx?nfO{

hUufsf] :jfldTj k|bfg ug{ ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u;Fu

sfo{;Demf}tf u/L nut ;+sng ul/Psf] / hUuf gfkhfFrsf] nflu

cfjZos tof/L cl3 al9;s]sf]df cfufdL cfly{s jif{df To;nfO{

;DkGg u/fpg k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf P]nfgL, ktL{

/ ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] gS;fÍg / l;dfÍg u/L ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbOg'sf] ;fy} cltqmd0fnfO{ lg?T;flxt ul/g]5 .

&^= cltqmldt tyf cGo ;/sf/L÷;fj{hlgs hldgsf] nut ;+sng tyf

tf/af/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . cltqmldt hUufsf] klxrfg

u/L k'gM ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ul/g]5 . pko'Qm 7fpFdf æhUuf ljsf;

cfof]hgfÆ ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

&&= æk|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdÆ nfO{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] gLlt cg'?k

k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf n}hfgsf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]u

k'of{Og]5 . /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ >d ;"rgf a}+ssf] ?kdf ;d]t pkof]u

ul/g]5 . æ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg HofnfÆ nfO{ ;'lglZrt ub}{ s'g} klg

>ldssf] >d zf]if0f x'g lbOg]5}g .

&*= o; gu/kflnsfaf6 tflnd k|fKt tyf a}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uO{ kmls{Psf

o'jfx?nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8;Fusf] ;xsfo{df

;x'lnot C0f k|bfg ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 . ;'wfl/Psf]

cf/g k]zfdf cfj4 /x]sf tyf cfj4 x'g rfxg]x?sf] nflu cfjZos

pks/0fdf *) k|ltzt cg'bfg lbOg]5 .

22


gu/;ef ;b:oHo"x? Û

ca d k"jf{wf/ ljsf;cGt{ut\ ;8s, k'n, l;+rfO{, ejg tyf ;x/L ljsf;,

j}slNks phf{, ;~rf/–k|ljlwnufot If]qtkm{ gu/kflnsfn] cl3 ;f/]sf

gLltx? k|:t't ug{ rfxfG5' .

&(= æd]o/ gu/ cfjf; sfo{qmdÆ ;~rfng u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{df

dfkb08sf] cfwf/df cltljkGg lglZrt ju{÷;d'bfosf %) 3/

kl/jf/nfO{ 3/ agfpg k|lt3/ ? @ nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg]5 .

*)= pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t\ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] of]hgfx?sf] ljBdfg

;LdfnfO{ a9fP/ %) nfv sfod ul/g]5 . j8f g+= ! b]lv ( ;Ddsf

;8s lgdf{0f ;DaGwL ;xeflutf ^)÷$) k|ltzt sfdo ul/g]5 eg]

j8f g+= !) b]lv !& ;Ddsf ;8s lgdf{0f ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] nfut

;xeflutf &)÷#) k|ltzt sfod ul/g]5 .

*!= cfufdL cfly{s jif{ gofF ;8s kSsL ug]{ sfo{nfO{ eGbf k'/fgf hL0f{

cj:yfdf /x]sf kSsL ;8ssf] dd{t ;Def/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

*@= ltnf]Qdf l/Ë /f]8sf] lgdf{0f tyf :t/f]GgtLsf] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfsf

;fy cufl8 a9fpg k|b]z tyf ;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fu yk kxn ul/g] 5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !# df c6f] Joj;foLx?;Fusf] nfut ;fem]bf/Ldf

;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ff cg';f/ “c6f] len]h” lgdf{0f

ug{ l8lkcf/ tof/ ul/g]5 .

*#= l;S;n]g ;8ssf] dl0fu|fddf /flvPsf] 6«flkms nfO6sf] k|efjsfl/tf

d"Nof+sg u/L yk :yfgdf ;]jf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . d'Vo ahf/, rf]sx?df

l;l;l6eL h8fg ul/g'sf] ;fy}+ a'4 ;ls{6df k|efjsf/L ;8saQL

Joj:yfkg sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fOg]5 . l;S;n]g ;8ssf] pko'{Qm b'O{

:yfgdf :yfoLo ;+3–;+:yfsf] ;xsfo{df lnh k|lqmofaf6 sf/, c6f]

l/S;f tyf df]6/;fO{sn kfls{ª:yn ;~rfng ul/g]5 . gu/sf] ljB't

;]jfnfO{ e/kbf]{ / u'0f:t/Lo agfpgsf] nflu ljB't k|flws/0f;Fu

23


;dGjo u/L ljB't kf]n / 6«fG;ld6/ h8fg, ;8s aQL Joj:yfkg

nufotsf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

*$= 3/ gS;f kf;nfO{ cgnfO{g k|ljlwaf6 l8lh6nfOh ul/g]5 . 3/ lgdf{0f

ubf{ ;8s / l8lk;L n]ansf] Ps?ktf x'g]u/L cfjZos dfkb08;lxt

sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] sn/ sf]8nfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy

sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

*%= 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ kfgLsf] plrt Joj:yfkg 3/wgLn] ug{'kg]{ ljlw

cjnDag ug{ gofF 3/df ;f]:tf lgdf{0f clgjfo{ u/fOg] 5 . k'/fgf

3/df ;d]t kmf]xf/ kfgLsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;f]:tf lgdf{0f ug{

lglZrt ;do lbO clgjfo{ ul/g]5 .

*^= ljZj a}Ísf] ;xof]udf zx/L ljsf; ljefu dfkm{t ;+rfng x'g]

k|:tfljt ;8s k"jf{wf/ of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . ;+3Lo

tyf k|b]z ;/sf/åf/f lgdf{0fflwg ;8s / gfnL, hnf;o, k'n, s[lif

k"jf{wf/, v]n d}bfg ko{6g ;DaGwL k"jf{wf/ nufotsf of]hgfx?nfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbgsf] nflu kxn ul/g] 5 . ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu

7'nf gofF of]hgfsf] nflu cfu|x ul/g] 5 . lgdf{0f ug{ afFsL /x]sf j8f

sfof{nosf] lgdf{0f u/L cfˆg} ejgdf sfof{nox? ;+rfng ug]{ Joj:yf

ldnfOg]5 . !^÷#^ l;FrfO{ k|0ffnL tyf e}n'e'h gx/sf] b'j} lsgf/df

;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]u k'of{Og]5 .

gu/:t/af6 x'g] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug{ cfˆg}

k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf ul/g]5 .

*&= ;f]x|–5QL; df}hf ;fd'bflos l;+rfO{ k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[l9s/0fsf nflu k|b]z

/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fu yk ;xof]u dfu ul/g]5 . l;+rfO{ k|0ffnLsf]

cfw'lgsLs/0f ub}{ k|d'v tyf ;xfos gx/ ;kmfO{ pks/0faf6 u/fpg

l;+rfO{ ;ldlt;Fusf] ;xsfo{df pko'Qm sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L

sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

**= Joj;flos k|of]hgsf] nflu 8Lk af]l/ª ubf{ gu/kflnsfaf6 clgjfo{

:jLs[lt lng] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

24


*(= æltnf]Qdf nufgL ;Dd]ngÆ df hgfOPsf] k|lta4tfcg';f/ kl/of]hgf

sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 . gu/df /fli6«o tyf

cGt/f{li6«o nufgLstf{x? leqfpg yk kxn ul/g]5 . “ltnf]Qdf pBf]u

u|fd” sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

()= of]hgfa4 ljsf; dfkm{t\ :jR5, ;'/lIft, ;d[4 / klxrfgo'Qm gu/sf]

?kdf ljsf; u/L gu/af;Lx?sf] dfu cg';f/ ;j{;'ne, e/kbf]{,

u'0f:t/Lo ;x/L ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fO{ gu/af;Lx?sf]

hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpgsf] nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o

bft[lgsfox?sf] ;dGjodf æzx/L ;]jf k|j4{gÆ sf sfo{qmdx?

;+rfngdf NofOg]5 . gu/sf] Jojl:yt / of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] nflu

gu/ ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ lqmofzLn agfOg]5 . k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;/sf/af6

gu/kflnsfdf ;~rfng x'g] kl/of]hgfsf] ;3g cg'udg ul/g]5 .

(!= l;sdL{ / 8sdL{x?nfO{ ejg lgdf{0f k|ljlw / ejg ;+lxtf ;DaGwL

tflnd lbO{ bIf agfOg'sf] ;fy} pgLx?nfO{ ;'/If0f pks/0f k|of]u ug{

k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ff cg';f/

æPsLs[t cfjf; lgdf{0fÆ sf] nflu ;DefJotf cWoog ul/g]5 .

e"ldxLg / ;'s'Daf;Lx?nfO{ ;'/lIft a;f]af;sf] nflu ;fd"lxs cfjf;

lgdf{0fsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ul/g]5 . v/sf] 5fgfd'Qm gu/kflnsf

agfpg cg'bfg sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . d]l6«s k|0ffnLaf6 ky,

;8s, dfu{, uNnLx?sf] gfdfs/0f ;lxt l8lh6n 3/ gDal/Ë sfo{ cl3

a9fOg]5 .

(@= j8f a:tL :t/df x'g] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf u'0f:t/ sfod ug'{sf] ;fy}

;dod} ;DkGg ug{ sn:6/ ldnfP/ j8f j8fdf k|fljlws v6fpg]

Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . of]hgfx?sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] nflu j8f

tx;Dd ;+oGq lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . ;8s lgdf{0f tyf dd{t sfo{ ubf{

ljB't, vfg]kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g nufotsf k"jf{wf/sf] PsLs[t of]hgf lgdf{0f

u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g'sf] ;fy}+ ;8s cfof]hgfsf] nfut O{li6d]6 ubf{

ljB't, vf]kfgL kfOknfOgnufotsf ;+/rgf :yfGt/0f ;d]tnfO{ Wofg

lbOg]5 .

25


(#= ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ff cg';f/ zLte08f/, s[lif

oflGqs/0f, ko{6g, kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg, pBd ljsf;, ef}lts ;+/rgf

lgdf{0fsf cfof]hgf ;+rfng ul/g]5 . hg;xeflutf jf; ;xsf/L

;+:yfnufot ;Da4 ;+:yf;Fu nfut ;fem]bf/Ldf pGgt :t/sf] k|zf]wg

s]G› :yfkgf u/L kmf]xf]/sf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbOg]5 .

($= j8f g+= !# / !$ df l8lkcf/ tof/ e};s]sf] k|fb]lzs a;kfs{

lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xnufgLdf ax'jif]{ of]hgfsf]

?kdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ul/g]5 . gu/ leq /x]sf c6f] l/S;fx?sf] ;+Vof,

?6, ef8f, Ifdtf, kfls{Ë:yn nufotsf ljifox?sf] lgodg /

Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . ;DalGwt Joj;flos ;+:yfx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df

l/ª/f]8nufot gu/df gofF ?6 yk u/L ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ;+rfng

ul/g]5 . ljB'tLo oftfoftnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . ltnf]Qdf l/ª/f]8df

/]n ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]u tyf ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .

gu/;ef ;b:oHo"x? Û

ca d jg, jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgtkm{ jg, jftfj/0f tyf e"–

;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg, hnpTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f

tyf ljkb\ Jooj:yfkgdf gu/kflnsfn] cl3 ;f/]sf gLltx? k|:t't ug{

rfxfG5' .

(%= :yfgLo ljkb\ Joj:yfkg tyf hnjfo' pTyfgzLn of]hgf / ljkb\

k"j{tof/L Pj+ k|ltsfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L pQm of]hgfn] lbPsf ;'emfjx?

qmdzM sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . æljkb\ Joj:yfkg sf]ifÆ nfO{ ;an agfO{

sf]ifsf] /sdsf] kl/rfngnfO{ yk Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . l;S;n]g ;8s

tyf dxTjk"0f{ lelq ;8sdf ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo u/L zx/L

;'Gb/tf clej[l4 sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g]5 . kof{j/0f tyf ljkb\

Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfunfuL, af9L 8'jfgnufotsf sfo{sf nflu l56f]

26


5l/tf] p4f/ tyf /fxt Joj:yfkg ug{ bIf hgzlQm ;lxtsf]

6f:skmf];{ v8f ul/g] 5 .

(^= ljkb\df l56f] 5l/tf] p4f/ tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ gu/kflnsf kl/;/d} bIf

hgzlQm ;lxtsf] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg s]Gb| lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 . gu/ leqsf]

8'jfgnfO{ lgoGq0f / Jojl:yt ug{ gu/ leq /x]sf 3f]nf tyf s'nfx?

;kmfO{ ul/ kfgLsf] ;xh lgsf;sf] Joj:yfkg ul/g] 5 .

(&= gu/:t/Lo ljkb Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . vfnL

:yfgdf cleofgs} ?kdf j[Iff/f]k0f ul/ k|To]s jif{ %) xhf/ j[Iff/f]k0f

ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 . gu/ ;/;kmfO{ / xl/ofnL k|j4{gsf]

dxfcleofgnfO{ 6]jf k'of{pg æhGd lbgdf j[Iff/f]k0fÆ ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbO{ yk k|j4{g ul/g]5 .

(*= gbL s6fg tyf 9'jfg If]qsf] k'gp{Tyfgsf] nflu t6aGw tyf cGo

k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ cNksfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ul/g]5 .

ltgfp, /f]lx0fL / ;'vf}/f gbLsf] pTvgg\ sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ :ki6

dfkb08, sfo{ljlw, ;3g ;dGjo nufot cGo pkfox?sf] cjnDjg

ul/g]5 eg] gbL s6fgsf] If]q Joj:yfkgdf cfjZos /0fgLlt to

ul/g]5 . gu/kflnsf If]qdf jftfj/0f k|b'if0f dfkgoGq h8fg ug{

kxn ul/g]5 . gu/ ;/;kmfO{, xl/ofnL k|j4{g / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf

ePsf c;n cEof;x?sf] b:tj]h n]vg / j[tlrq lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

((= xl/ofnL k|j4{g tyf gu/ ;/;kmfO{ cleofnfO{ gu/af;Lsf]

hLjgk4tL;Fu hf]8\b} k"0f{;/;kmfO{ pGd'v gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ffnfO{

bLuf]kg /fVg cfdgu/af;L / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3–;+:yf;Fusf] ;dGjo /

;xsfo{df x/]s dlxgfsf] ! / !% ut]sf] ;/;kmfO{ cleofgnfO{ cem}

Jojl:yt / ultzLn agfOg]5 . gu/kflnsf leqdf ;a} ;fd'bflos

jgdf l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ kof{÷kof{j/0fnfO{ r':t /fVg /

ljkb\df ;d]t pkof]uL x'g]u/L slDtdf Pp6f kf]v/L agfpg cfjZos

kxn ul/g]5 .

27


!))= gu/:t/ tyf j8f:t/df ul7t ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?nfO{ yk

lqmofzLn agfO{ tTsfn p4f/ sfo{df nflu /]8qm;, 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf,

j8f ;ldlt, :yfgLo ;d'bfo, o'jf Snj nufotsf ;+3–;+:yf;Fu

;dGjo u/L p4f/ ;d"x u7g u/L tflnd / pks/0f ;d]tsf] Joj:yf

ul/g]5 .

!)!= sf]/f]gf tyf cGo ;+qmfds /f]usf] Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;r]tgf clej[l4sf]

nflu ljz]if1af6 gu/kflnsfsf kbflwsf/L, :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf

:jo+;]ljsf / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng

ul/g]5 .

!)@= gu/kflnsf leqsf] klt{, afFemf], gbL psf;, s"nf], 3f]nf / gbL

lsgf/fdf /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs vfnL hUuf, ;8s lsgf/ nufotsf

hldgdf “j[Iff/f]k0f tyf jg lj:tf/ sfo{qmdÆ ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

;fd'bflos jg;Fusf] ;xsfo{df æg;{/Lsf] :yfkgf, / :t/f]GgtLÆ

sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L gu/sf] cfjZostf cg';f/sf lj?jfx?sf]

pTkfbg ul/g]5 .

!)#= 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf / j8f sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df kmnkm"nsf

lj?jfx?sf] dfu Plsg u/L %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf kmnkm"nsf lj?jf

pknAw u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . gu/ If]q leqsf

;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;+/rgfx?df “jftfj/0f d}qL :yfgLo zf;gÆ

sfo{qmdsf ;"rsx? sfof{Gjog ub}{ nlug]5 . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / zx/L

;f}Gbo{sf] k|j4{g ub}{ ljleGg :yfgsf æv'nf If]qÆ nfO{ dgf]/~hgfTds

:ynsf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 . :yfgLo gful/ssf] ;+nUgtfdf Go"gtd

cfwf/e"t / qmdzM pRr:t/sf ;"rsx? lgwf{/0f u/L jftfj/0fd}qL

ljsf; / :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ k|j4{g ul/g]5 .

!)$= :yfgLo gful/snfO{ kl/jlt{t hnjfo' ;Gt'ngsf] hLjgz}nL, pTkfbg /

pkef]u k4ltsf] cEof; ug{ cfjZos 1fg, ;Lk, Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{

k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . ljkb\ hf]lvd If]qsf] gS;f+sg, ;/sf/L s"nf]x?sf]

;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg, OF§fe§f, qm;/ pBf]u cflbaf6 lg:sg] k|b'if0f

lgoGq0fsf nflu cfjZos sfo{qmd th{'df ul/g]5 .

28


!)%= jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng lau|g glbg ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{sf ;fy}

jGohGt' / 5f8f rf}kfofaf6 s[ifssf] v]tL ;'/lIft ug{ gu/kflnsf

leqsf ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkg / tf/af/df ;xof]u ul/g]5 . jg

If]qleq kg]{ l;d;f/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

!)^= a:tL :t/sf ;8sx?df sfnf]kq] ubf{ xl/ofnL k|j4{g sfo{qmdnfO{ 6]jf

k'of{pg] u/L j[Iff/f]k0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]t nfut l:6d]6df ;dfj]z u/L

of]hgf ;Demf}tf ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . 3/ ;DkGg k|df0fkq

lnFbf udnfd}+ eP klg slDtdf # j6f lj?jf clgjfo{ /f]Kg'kg]{

Joj:yfnfO{ % j6f lj?jf sfod u/L s8fOsf ;fy sfof{Gjog

u/fOg]5 . k|To]s 3/df cf}ifwLo u'0f ePsf h8La'6LhGo j[Iff/f]k0fnfO{

k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . ltgfp gbL / /f]x0fL

gbL lsgf/fnfO{ “u|Lg j]N6 sf]l/8f]/Æ sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ k|b]z /

;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fu dfu ul/g]5 .

!)&= j]jfl/;] ?kdf kz' rf}kfof 5f8\g] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ 5f8f

rf}kfof Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlwsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . 5f8f

ufO{a:t'nfO{ uf}zfnf;Dd k'of{pg] sfo{df uf}zfnf;lxt ;/f]sf/jfnf

;+3–;+:yf;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . uf}zfnfdf cfjZos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf

;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

!)*= ;jf/L b"3{6gf Go"gLs/0f, ;8s ;'/Iff sfo{of]hgf, ;jf/L b'3{6gf /

;'/lIft ofqf;Fu ;DalGwt ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? cleofgsf ?kdf

;~rfng ul/g]5 . 6«flkms k|x/L;Fusf] ;xsfo{df d'Vo–d'Vo ahf/

s]G›df 6«flkms la6, 6«flkms ;+s]t lrGxx? lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . oftfoft

sDkgLx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df hyfefjL kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] sfo{sf] cGTo u/L

;jf/L;fwgdf 8i6lag /fVg] Joj:yfnfO{ clgjfo{ ul/g]5 .

29


gu/;ef ;b:oHo"x? Û

ca d ;'zf;g, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf Ifdtf ljsf;cGtu{t\ ;fdfGo ;]jf,

;'/Iff Joj:yfkg, ;"rgfk|ljlw, kl~hs/0f Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo tYof+s,

clen]v Joj:yfkg / ;'zf;g k|j4{gdf gu/kflnsfn] cl3 ;f/]sf gLltx?

k|:t't ug{ rfxfG5' .

!)(= ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–* df Joj:yf ul/Psf ljifoj:t'x?sf] ;Gbe{df

cfjZostfg';f/ ljw]osx? th'{df u/L nfu' ul/g]5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/

;+rfng P]gcg';f/ gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|bQ sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf]

;'Jojl:yt ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . Goflos ;ldltsf] sfdnfO{

j:t'k/s agfpg ;+:yfut ljsf; ul/g]5 . ljjfb ;dfwfgsf j}slNks

pkfo Pj+ d]nldnfk ;DaGwL ljBdfg k|lqmofnfO{ yk :ki6tf ;fy

cuf8L a9fOg]5 . gofF sfg"g, sfo{ljlw, dfkb08sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg

Pj+ d:of}bf tof/ kfl/g]5 . :yfgLo Gofo ;Dkfbg k|s[ofnfO{ l56f]

5l/tf] / yk Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . gofF d]nldnfkstf{ tof/ ug{ cfjZos

tflndsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .

!!)= Goflos ;ldltdf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf] kx'Fr j[l4 ul/g] 5 . lx+;f

kLl8t dlxnf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, blnt, afnaflnsf / Ho]i7

gful/snfO{ k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] ;xsfo{df lgMz'Ns sfg'gL

;xfotf pknAw u/fOg]5 . ljjfb lg?k0fdf e]befj/lxt, ;xeflutf,

hjfkmb]lxtf / ;zlQms/0f h:tf kIfnfO{ Wofg lbOg]5 .

!!!= ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] Joj;flos bIftf clej[l4, k]zfut ;'/IffnfO{ Vofn

u/L g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, ltnf]Qdf ldl8of Snj nufotsf ;~rf/

;Da4 ;+3–;+:yf;Fu sNof0fsf/L sf]if :yfkgf, km]nf]zLk, ;~rf/ u|fd

lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . ;fd'bflos ;~rf/ dfWodsf]

Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 . :yfgLo ;~rf/

dfWodx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg / k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/df ;fem]bf/Lsf] gLlt

cjnDjg ul/g]5 . ltnf]Qdf ldl8of Snjsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf

k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmddf cfjZos ;xof]u ul/g]5 .

30


!!@= rfn' cfly{s jif{df sf]le8–!( sf] sf/0f aGbfaGbL x'Fbf

Jofkf/÷Joj;fo If]qdf gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf]n] cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf]

c;f]h d;fGtleq Joj;fo s/ ltbf{ Joj;foLnfO{ tLg dlxgfsf] s/

5'6 lbOg]5 . ;fy}+ rfn' cfly{s jif{df ;a} k|sf/sf s/ ltg{

gkfPsfx?nfO{ cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] # dlxgf;Dd s'g} k|sf/sf] xhf{gf

lnOg]5}g .

gu/af;LnfO{ s/ ltg{' af]em geO{ cfˆgf] bfloTj / st{Jo xf] eGg] s'/f

k|Tofe"t u/fpg s/ k|zf;gsf ;j{dfGo l;4fGtsf cfwf/df x/]s

If]qdf k|ultzLn s/ k|0ffnL cjnDjg ul/ s/sf] b/ eGbf bfo/fnfO{

k|fyldstf lbO{ ;f]xL cg';f/ s/sf gLltx? to ul/g]5 . ;fdGotof

rfn' jif{s}+ s/sf] b//]6nfO{ g} cfufdL cfly{s jif{df lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

!!#= /fh:j ;DefJotf cWoog u/L /fh:j kl/rfngsf yk ;|f]tx?sf]

klxrfg ul/g]5 . ;DklQ s/nfO{ cfGtl/s cfosf] d"n ;|f]tsf] ?kdf

ljsf; ul/g]5 . :yfgLo txnfO{ k|fKt 3/ axfn s/nfO{ yk Jojl:yt

ug{ ;DalGwt j8f sfof{non] 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf] ;dGjodf nut

tof/ ug]{ / ;|f]t;fwg ;lxt 3/ axfn s/ p7fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

Joj;flos s/ tyf 3/ axfn s/ c;'nL tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{df

pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, RofDa/ ckm sdz{, pBf]u Jofkf/ ;+u7g;Fu

;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

!!$= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] clwgdf

/xL xf6ahf/, 9'Ëf–lu§L, afn'af, /f]8f, df6f], u|fe]n nufotsf gbLhGo

kbfy{sf] Joj:yfkg k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ ;dod} ;DkGg ul/g]5 .

gbLhGo kbfy{;DaGwL :yfgLo sfg'gnfO{ ;dofg'sn agfpg ;+;f]wg

ul/g]5 . `j8f sfof{nosf] /fh:j kl/rfng Ifdtf a9fpgsf] nflu

;DklQ tyf 3/ axfn s/df ;+slnt /fh:jsf] @) k|ltzt tyf

gbLhGo k}bfjf/ laqmLaf6 ;+slnt /fh:jsf] @% k|ltzt /sd

;DalGwt j8fsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{qmdsf nflu yk cg'bfg :j?k

31


pknAw u/fOg]5 . gbLhGo k}bfjf/sf] laqmL 7]Ssf nufO;s]kl5

:yfgLosf] gfddf x'g] ljleGg cjfl~5t sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ul/g]5 .

!!%= ;a}eGbf w]/} s/ bflvnf ug]{ s/bftfnfO{ æpTs[i6 s/bftfÆ sf] ?kdf

k'/:s[t ul/g] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . ;a} cfly{s tyf

Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf NofO{ cfGtl/s cfDbfgLsf]

bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] agfO{g]5 . gu/kflnsfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf /

;'ljwfx?nfO{ qmdzM l8lh6nfO{h]zg ub}{ ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;xh /

kf/bzL{ agfOg]5 . gu/ ;/sf/sf lg0f{o k|lqmof ;/n, ;xh / kf/bzL{

agfOg]5 . ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'i6L

;j]{If0f dfkg sfo{ ul/ k|fKt u'gf;f]x?nfO{ tTsfn ;'g'jfO{ x'g] ;+oGqsf]

Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

!!^= ;bfrf/ k|j4{g / e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfksf] cGTo ug{sf] nflu

e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfkdf z'Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt cjnDjg ub}{

e|i6frf/ ug]{ / u/fpg] b'j}nfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/fdf NofO{g]5 .

sfo{;Dkfbgdf b08–k'/:sf/ k|0ffnL cjnDjg ul/ /fi6« ;]jsx?df

sfdk|lt tTk/ x'g], ;]jfefj ;lxt ;dod} sfd ;DkGg ug]{, pTs[i6

glthf lbg] / lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ sfo{;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4sf

nflu tflndsf] cfjZostf klxrfg ul/ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

gu/kflnsfsf ljifout ;ldltx?nfO{ yk pQ/bfoL, lqmofzLn /

kl/df0fd'vL agfOg]5 .

!!&= gu/ leq /x]sf ;'/Iff lgsfox?sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;jf/L ;fwgsf]

pknAwtf, b/aGbL cg';f/sf] hgzlQm Joj:yfkg nufot cGo

;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu cfjZos kxn ul/g]5 . :yfgLo

;'/Iff lgsfo, ;fd'bflos k|x/L / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{

;jn agfpg cfjZos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 . gu/

k|x/Lsf] lgodgsf/L e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 eg] ahf/,

afn>d, ljBfno, Joj;fo btf{ / ;+rfng, dlb/f laqmL ljt/0f /

;]jg, 3/ lgdf{0f, ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] ;fFw, ;Ldfgf, O{Gwg l8kf], xf]6n,

32


b'w 8]/L, df;' k;n, cf}ifwL k;n nufotsf gful/ssf] hghLljsf;Fu

;DalGwt ljifox?nfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL s8fO{sf ;fy

cg'udg u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cg'e"lt u/fOg]5 .

!!*= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g / k|rlnt cGo sfg"gn]

lglb{i6 u/]sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ :yfgLo tx / ;fd'bflos ;+3

;+:yfx?nfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/k|lt pQ/bfoL aGg'kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{

k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . gu/kflnsfsf] d'Vofno tyf

cGtu{tsf sfof{nodf /flvPsf l6eL tyf ;+rf/ dfWodaf6

sfof{noaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ k|s[of, rflxg] cfjZos

sfuhft, of]hgf th{'df, sfof{Gjog tyf e'QmfgL k|s[of, s/ ltbf{ x'g]

kmfO{bf, 3'DtL lzlj/ nufotsf hfgsf/Ld"ns ;"rgfx? k|jfx ug]{

Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

!!(= ;du| of]hgf th{'df k|0ffnLnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kl/lwleq /xL

oyfy{k/s, Jojxfl/s, ;d'bfosf] ckgTj /xg], l6sfp / u'0f:t/Lo

lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ ;'lglZrttf ug'{sf] ;fy} k|f]h]S6 a}+snfO{ kl/:s[t

tj/n] ;+rfng ul/g]5 . gu/kflnsfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] PsLs[t zx/L

ljsf; of]hgf -O{lG6«u|]6]8 cjf{g l8en]kd]G6 Knfg_, cfly{s ljsf;

/0fgLltsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbO{ oL b:tfj]hn] cl3;f/]sf gLlt

tyf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ah]6;Fu tfbfDotf ldnfO{ qmdzM sfo{qmdx?

;~rfng ul/g]5 .

!@)= k"FhLut vr{sf] u'0f:t/ a9fpg ækmfu'g d;fGt leq ;Demf}tf M h]7

d;fGt leq e'QmfgLÆ sf] gLltnfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

of]hgfx?sf] cg'udg k|0ffnLdf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]

;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . of]hgfdf nfut ;fem]bf/LnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbFb} ;LdfGts[t / lk5l8Psf] ju{, ;d'bfo Pjd\ ef}uf]lns

If]qdf ljz]if ;Daf]wg ul/g]5 . nfut ;fem]bf/Lsf sfdx? u'0f:t/df

ljz]if Vofn /fvL ;s];Dd pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t\ ul/g]5 . ljsf;

cfof]hgfx? tf]lsPsf] kl/df0f, u'0f:t/, nfut / ;dodf ;DkGg

33


x'g]u/L ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/fOg]5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] u'0f:t/sf] dfkg

ug{sf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlws / oflGqs Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

!@!= hgtfsf] ;'–;"lrt x'g kfpg] ;"rgfsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{ ;'zf;g

k|j4{g ug{ sfof{noaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x?sf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{,

hgtf;Fu hgk|ltlglw, /]l8of] sfo{qmd, ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f, rf}dfl;s

;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . sfo{ljlw lgdf{0f u/L

æltnf]Qdf ;Gb]zÆ d'vkq k|sfzgnfO{ yk ;+:yfut ?kdf cl3 a9fpg

cfjZos ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o :t/sf]

6]lnlehgdfkm{t\ gu/kflnsfaf6 e}/x]sf ;]jf k|jfx tyf ljsf;sf]

ultljlwsf] af/]df sfo{qmd k|;f/0f ul/g]5 .

!@@= ;a} j8f sfof{no, ;fd'bflos ljBfno, :jf:Yo ;+:yfnufotsf

gu/kflnsf dftxtsf sfof{nonfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwd}qL agfpgsf] nflu

gu/kflnsfsf] cfkm\g} clK6sn kmfO{a/ ;~hfn lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .

gu/kflnsf sfof{noleq ;"rgf s]G› :yfkgf ul/g]5 . gu/kflnsfsf]

ljsf; lgdf{0f, ;'zf;g, ;]jf k|jfx, ;fdflhs ;r]tgf nufotsf

ljifodf snd rnfpg] ;~rf/sdL{ / ldl8of xfp;x?nfO{ k'/:s[t ug{]

sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . ltnf]Qdf ldl8of Snj;Fusf] ;dGjodf

>dhLlj kqsf/x?sf] j[lQ ljsf;sf] nflu k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd

;~rfng u/fOg]5 .

34


gu/;ef ;b:oHo"x? Û

!@#= ltnf]Qdf gu/ ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 d}n] xfn;Dd k|fKt pknlAwx?nfO{

cem ;'b[9 agfpFb}, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ;a} If]qsf]

;dtfd"ns ljsf;sf nflu æ;d'Ggt, ;'/lIft / jftfj/0fd}qL ;'Gb/

;x/, ;'zf;go'Qm, ko{6sLo / ;d[4 ltnf]Qdf gu/Æ eGg] bL3{sfnLg

nIo;lxt æ;d[4 gu/ M v';L gu/af;LÆ sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ug]{ c7f]6sf

;fy cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|:tfj u/]sf] 5' .

of] sfo{qmd afNosfndf lzIff, :jf:Yo / kf]if0f, o'jfcj:yfdf zLk,

pBdzLntf / /f]huf/L, hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df h]i7 gful/snfO{ ;Ddfg,

;+/If0f, dlxnfnfO{ ;dtfd"ns cj;/ l;h{gfdf s]lG›t 5 .

!@$= of] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogaf6 gu/sf] ljsf;sf]

cfwf/zLnf v8f x'g]5, cfly{s kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;g sfod x'g]5 .

gu/sf] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 eO{ ltnf]Qdf æpTs[i6 gu/ ;/sf/Æ sf]

?kdf g]kfnsf] dfglrqdf c+lËt x'g]5 . of] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]

k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf ;a} If]qaf6 ljlzi6 of]ubfg k|fKt x'g]5 eGg]

ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . cGTodf gu/sf] ljsf;df of]ubfg k'of{pg' x'g]

hglk|ltlglwHo"x? / /fi6«;]js sd{rf/L, /fhg}lts bn, lghL If]q,

;xsf/L tyf ;+3 ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh, a'l4hLjL / 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf

;~rf/hut\ ;'/Iff lgsfo tyf ;Dk"0f{ gu/af;Lx?nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg

ub{5' .

ldlt M @)&*÷)#÷)@ ut]

af;'b]j l3ld/]

gu/ k|d'v

35

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!