The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model, 2019a

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16.7. Chapter 7: Clay Cutting. The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model. 16.7.1. Calc.: Cutting Forces. Consider clay with cohesion of 200 kPa and an adhesion of 50 kPa. The strengthening factor is 2. A blade angle of 55 degrees is used and a blade height of 0.1 m and blade width w=1 m. The layer thickness is 0.1 m. Assume the Flow Type. What is the ac ratio r? ah 50 0.1 1 r (-) ch 200 0.1 4 b i What is the shear angle? See Figure 7-21 (Figure 7.20, 1 st edition), blade angle α=55 degrees and r=0.25 gives a shear angle β of about 57 degrees. What are the horizontal and the vertical cutting forces? Figure 7-23 (Figure 7.22, 1 st edition) gives a horizontal cutting force coefficient λHF of about 1.3 and Figure 7-24 (Figure 7.23, first edition) gives a vertical cutting force coefficient λVF of 0.6. This gives for the Flow Type: F c h w 2 200 0.111.3 52 kN h s i HF F c h w 2 200 0.11 0.6 24 kN v s i VF 16.7.2. Calc.: Cutting Forces & Mechanisms. Consider clay with cohesion of 200 kPa and an adhesion of 10 kPa. The strengthening factor is 2. A blade angle of 55 degrees is used and a blade height of 0.1 m and blade width w=1 m. The layer thickness is 0.1 m. Assume the Flow Type. What is the ac ratio r? ah 10 0.1 1 r (-) ch 200 0.1 20 b i What is the shear angle? See Figure 7-21 (Figure 7.20, 1 st edition), blade angle α=55 degrees and r=0.05 gives a shear angle β of about 62 degrees. What are the horizontal and the vertical cutting forces? Figure 7-23 (Figure 7.22, 1 st edition) gives a horizontal cutting force coefficient λHF of about 1.1 and Figure 7-24 (Figure 7.23, first edition) gives a vertical cutting force coefficient λVF of 0.7. This gives for the Flow Type: F c h w 2 200 0.111.1 44 kN h s i HF F c h w 2 200 0.11 0.7 28 kN v s i VF If the tensile strength is -20 kPa, will we have the Tear Type or the Flow Type? Page 418 of 454 TOC Copyright © Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema
Exercises. A tensile strength of -20 kPa gives a σT/c ratio of -0.1. With an ac ratio of r=0.05 this ratio should be below -0.5 according to Figure 7-27 (Figure 7-26, 1 st edition) for the Flow Type, it is not, so we have the Tear Type. Shear Stress vs. Normal Stress 1.5 Sigma Axis 1.0 Tau Axis Shear Stress (kPa) 0.5 0.0 -0.5 Tensile Failure Criterion Shear Failure Criterion Mohr Circle UCS Test Mohr Circle Shear Failure -1.0 Mohr Circle Tensile Failure 1 -1.5 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Normal Stress (kPa) Mohr Circle Tensile Failure 2 © S.A.M. Figure 16-7: The Mohr circles. Copyright © Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema TOC Page 419 of 454
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The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting
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Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1. Appro
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Introduction. In dry sand cutting t
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Chapter 2: Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.2.2. Soil C
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Basic Soil Mechanics. soil characte
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3. Soils. 2
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3.2. Clay.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3.3. Rock.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Figure 2-12:
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Figure 2-15 B
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2.4. Soil Mechanical Parameters. Ba
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.4.2.4. Impo
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Table 2-3: Em
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.4.3.4. Poro
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 3 3 2 l e 3 g
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 46 Friction a
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Basic Soil Mechanics. c tan (2-
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2.4.9. Unconfined Tensile Strength.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.5. Criteria
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Basic Soil Mechanics. increase, to
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Table 2-14: T
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2.6. Soil Mechanical Tests. 2.6.1.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. be regarded a
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2.6.5.1. Consolidated Drained (CD).
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.8. The Mohr
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Squaring equa
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.9. Active S
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Basic Soil Mechanics.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.10. Passive
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cos sin cos sin 1 1 sin
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.11. Summary
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2.12. Shear Strength versus Frictio
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.13. Nomencl
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The General Cutting Process. Chapte
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The General Cutting Process. 10. β
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The General Cutting Process. The fo
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The General Cutting Process. W2 si
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The General Cutting Process.
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The General Cutting Process.
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3.6. The Snow Plough Effect. The Ge
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The General Cutting Process. The ve
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3.6.5. The Resulting Cutting Forces
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The General Cutting Process. Q c Pc
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Which Cutting Mechanism for Which K
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4.6. Summary. Which Cutting Mechani
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Chapter 5: Dry Sand Cutting. 5.1. I
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Dry Sand Cutting. The force K1 on t
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Dry Sand Cutting. Horizontal Cuttin
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Dry Sand Cutting. 2 v s i VD F
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Dry Sand Cutting. Horizontal Cuttin
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Dry Sand Cutting. Shear Angle β vs
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Dry Sand Cutting. 5.6. Specific Ene
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5.8. Experiments in Dry Sand. 5.8.1
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Dry Sand Cutting. 5.8.2. Wismer & L
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Chapter 6: Saturated Sand Cutting.
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 2 ci c i F
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Saturated Sand Cutting. the Waterlo
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The normal
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Saturated Sand Cutting. Figure 6-8:
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Saturated Sand Cutting. Figure 6-10
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6.7. The Blade Tip Problem. Saturat
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Saturated Sand Cutting. s2 0.8 L
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Saturated Sand Cutting. However Fig
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Saturated Sand Cutting. S1=L1*(1-I/
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.9. Determ
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' h Saturated Sand Cutting.
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Saturated Sand Cutting. α=45° and
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.12.1. Spe
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 100.0 SPT v
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.12.2. The
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13. Exper
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The tests a
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Saturated Sand Cutting. old laborat
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13.2. Tes
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Saturated Sand Cutting. side effect
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13.7. Com
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Saturated Sand Cutting. which the t
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The dimensi
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 10 Partial
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The equatio
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 0.30 No Cav
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Saturated Sand Cutting. P4 (bar) P3
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 10.0 8.0 Fh
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Saturated Sand Cutting. Preal Real
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Clay Cutting. Chapter 7: Clay Cutti
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Clay Cutting. 7.3. The Influence of
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Clay Cutting. From this equation, s
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Clay Cutting. a material on which a
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Clay Cutting. 7.3.4. The Proposed T
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Clay Cutting. 100 90 Shear Strength
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Clay Cutting. 7.3.6. Abelev & Valen
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Clay Cutting. 2500 The Strain Rate
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Clay Cutting. 7.4. The Flow Type. 7
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Clay Cutting. F s ch i w s ah b
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Clay Cutting. Figure 7-22 shows the
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Clay Cutting. The Horizontal Cuttin
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Clay Cutting. 7.5. The Tear Type. 7
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7.5.3. The Mobilized Shear Strength
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7.5.4. The Resulting Cutting Forces
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Clay Cutting. Vertical Cutting Forc
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Clay Cutting. This gives for the no
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Clay Cutting. Substituting equation
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Clay Cutting. Figure 7-34: The equi
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Clay Cutting. Vertical Cutting Forc
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Clay Cutting. 0.30 Vertical Cutting
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Clay Cutting. 1000 Clay Cutting Esp
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Clay Cutting. Shear Angle β vs. Bl
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Clay Cutting. Horizontal Cutting Fo
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Clay Cutting. 7.9. Nomenclature. a
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Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Condition
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8.2.3. Based on UTS and UCS. Rock C
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8.2.5. Hoek & Brown (1988). Rock Cu
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8.3. Cutting Models. Rock Cutting:
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8.3.5. The Nishimatsu Model. Rock C
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sin Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Cond
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Rock Cutting: Hyperbaric Conditions
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9.8. Specific Energy Graphs. Rock C
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The Occurrence of a Wedge. Chapter
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The Occurrence of a Wedge. 19. A fo
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The Occurrence of a Wedge. h 4 4
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10.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. T
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. Chapte
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. The no
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. Figure
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11.4. Results of some Calculations.
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. 11.5.
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. 11.6.
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A Wedge in Saturated Sand Cutting.
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12.4. The Equilibrium of Moments. A
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Page 435 and 436: Exercises. 16.6. Chapter 6: Water S
Page 437 and 438: Exercises. 2 2 1 w c i c g v h
Page 439 and 440: Exercises. F: Determine the pore pr
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Page 447 and 448: Exercises. Shear Stress vs. Normal
Page 449 and 450: Exercises. 70 60 50 40 Shear Stress
Page 451 and 452: Exercises. 16.8.4. Calc.: Cutting F
Page 453 and 454: Exercises. 16.8.5. Calc.: Cutting F
Page 455 and 456: Exercises. 16.9. Chapter 9: Hyperba
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Page 481 and 482: Active & Passive Soil Failure Coeff
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Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. B.3
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Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. Perc
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Dimensionless Pore Pressures p1m &
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The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating.
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The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating.
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Appendix E: The Coefficient c1. The
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The Coefficient c1. Table E-3: c1 f
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Appendix F: The Coefficient c2. The
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The Coefficient c2. Table F-3: c2 f
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Appendix G: The Coefficient a1. The
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The Coefficient a1. Table G-3: a1 f
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The Shear Angle β Cavitating. Appe
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The Shear Angle β Cavitating. Tabl
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Appendix I: The Coefficient d1. The
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The Coefficient d1. Table I-3: d1 f
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Appendix J: The Coefficient d2. The
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The Coefficient d2. Table J-3: d2 f
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The Properties of the 200 μm Sand.
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Experiments in Water Saturated Sand
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The Snow Plough Effect. Appendix N:
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The Snow Plough Effect. 10.0 8.0 Fh
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The Snow Plough Effect. 20.0 16.0 F
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Specific Energy in Sand. Appendix O
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Specific Energy in Sand. 2500 Speci
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Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitati
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Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitati
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Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating.
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Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating.
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Pore Pressures with Wedge. Appendix
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Pore Pressures with Wedge. Table R-
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Pore Pressures with Wedge. Table R-
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FEM Calculations with Wedge. Append
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FEM Calculations with Wedge. Figure
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S.3 The 75 Degree Blade. FEM Calcul
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Appendix T: Force Triangles. Force
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Force Triangles. Figure T-3: The fo
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Force Triangles. Figure T-5: The fo
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Specific Energy in Clay. Appendix U
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Specific Energy in Clay. 6000 Speci
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Clay Cutting Charts. Appendix V: Cl
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Clay Cutting Charts. The Vertical C
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Clay Cutting Charts. Shear Angle β
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Clay Cutting Charts. V.3 The Curlin
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Rock Cutting Charts. Appendix W: Ro
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Rock Cutting Charts. W.2 The Transi
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Rock Cutting Charts. A & B: Tensile
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Rock Cutting Charts. W.5 Brittle Te
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Rock Cutting Charts. W.6 Brittle Te
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Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. App
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Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. 100
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Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. X.2
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Applications & Equipment. Appendix
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Y.2 Bucket Ladder Dredges. Applicat
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Y.3 Cutter Suction Dredges. Applica
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Applications & Equipment. Figure Y-
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Applications & Equipment. Y.4 Trail
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Y.5 Backhoe Dredges. Applications &
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Y.6 Clamshell Dredges. Applications
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Y.7 Bucket Wheel Dredges. Applicati
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Y.8 Braun Kohle Bergbau. Applicatio
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Y.9 Deep Sea Mining. Applications &
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Y.10 Cable Trenching. Applications
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Y.11 Offshore Pipeline Trenching. A
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Y.12 Dry Trenching. Applications &
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Applications & Equipment. Y.13 PDC
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Applications & Equipment. Y.14 Bull
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Applications & Equipment. Y.15 Dry
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Y.16 Tunnel Boring Machines. Applic
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Publications. Appendix Z: Publicati
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Publications. 52. Miedema, S.A.,
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