The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model, 2019a

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The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model. A & B: Tensile Failure vs. Shear Failure, φ=40º 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 Tensile Failure Shear Failure & Tensile Failure -0.3 Upper Limit Ratio BTS/Cohesion -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 Shear Failure -0.9 -1.0 Lower Limit -1.1 -1.2 © S.A.M. -1.3 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Blade Angle α (Degrees) Figure W-27: The tensile/shear failure range based on BTS/Cohesion for φ=40º. A & B: Tensile Failure vs. Shear Failure, φ=40º Tensile Failure Shear Failure & Tensile Failure Upper Limit Ratio -UCS/BTS 10 Shear Failure Lower Limit © S.A.M. 1 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Blade Angle α (Degrees) Figure W-28: The tensile/shear failure range based on UCS/BTS for φ=40º. Page W-150 of 228 TOC Copyright @Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema
Rock Cutting Charts. A & B: Tensile Failure vs. Shear Failure, φ=45º 0.0 -0.1 Tensile Failure Ratio BTS/Cohesion -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 Shear Failure & Tensile Failure Shear Failure Upper Limit Lower Limit -1.1 -1.2 © S.A.M. -1.3 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Blade Angle α (Degrees) Figure W-29: The tensile/shear failure range based on BTS/Cohesion for φ=45º. A & B: Tensile Failure vs. Shear Failure, φ=45º Ratio -UCS/BTS 10 Tensile Failure Shear Failure & Tensile Failure Shear Failure Upper Limit Lower Limit © S.A.M. 1 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Blade Angle α (Degrees) Figure W-30: The tensile/shear failure range based on UCS/BTS for φ=45º. Copyright © Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema TOC Page W-151 of 228
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The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting
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Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1. Appro
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Introduction. In dry sand cutting t
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Chapter 2: Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.2.2. Soil C
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Basic Soil Mechanics. soil characte
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3. Soils. 2
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3.2. Clay.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3.3. Rock.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Figure 2-12:
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Figure 2-15 B
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2.4. Soil Mechanical Parameters. Ba
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.4.2.4. Impo
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Table 2-3: Em
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.4.3.4. Poro
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 3 3 2 l e 3 g
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 46 Friction a
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Basic Soil Mechanics. c tan (2-
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2.4.9. Unconfined Tensile Strength.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.5. Criteria
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Basic Soil Mechanics. increase, to
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Table 2-14: T
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2.6. Soil Mechanical Tests. 2.6.1.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. be regarded a
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2.6.5.1. Consolidated Drained (CD).
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.8. The Mohr
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Basic Soil Mechanics. Squaring equa
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.9. Active S
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Basic Soil Mechanics.
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.10. Passive
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cos sin cos sin 1 1 sin
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.11. Summary
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2.12. Shear Strength versus Frictio
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Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.13. Nomencl
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The General Cutting Process. Chapte
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The General Cutting Process. 10. β
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The General Cutting Process. The fo
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The General Cutting Process. W2 si
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The General Cutting Process.
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The General Cutting Process.
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3.6. The Snow Plough Effect. The Ge
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The General Cutting Process. The ve
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3.6.5. The Resulting Cutting Forces
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The General Cutting Process. Q c Pc
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Which Cutting Mechanism for Which K
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4.6. Summary. Which Cutting Mechani
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Chapter 5: Dry Sand Cutting. 5.1. I
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Dry Sand Cutting. The force K1 on t
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Dry Sand Cutting. Horizontal Cuttin
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Dry Sand Cutting. 2 v s i VD F
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Dry Sand Cutting. Horizontal Cuttin
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Dry Sand Cutting. Shear Angle β vs
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Dry Sand Cutting. 5.6. Specific Ene
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5.8. Experiments in Dry Sand. 5.8.1
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Dry Sand Cutting. 5.8.2. Wismer & L
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Chapter 6: Saturated Sand Cutting.
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 2 ci c i F
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Saturated Sand Cutting. the Waterlo
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The normal
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Saturated Sand Cutting. Figure 6-8:
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Saturated Sand Cutting. Figure 6-10
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6.7. The Blade Tip Problem. Saturat
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Saturated Sand Cutting. s2 0.8 L
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Saturated Sand Cutting. However Fig
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Saturated Sand Cutting. S1=L1*(1-I/
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.9. Determ
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' h Saturated Sand Cutting.
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Saturated Sand Cutting. α=45° and
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.12.1. Spe
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 100.0 SPT v
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.12.2. The
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13. Exper
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The tests a
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Saturated Sand Cutting. old laborat
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13.2. Tes
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Saturated Sand Cutting. side effect
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13.7. Com
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Saturated Sand Cutting. which the t
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The dimensi
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 10 Partial
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Saturated Sand Cutting. The equatio
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 0.30 No Cav
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Saturated Sand Cutting. P4 (bar) P3
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Saturated Sand Cutting. 10.0 8.0 Fh
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Saturated Sand Cutting. Preal Real
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Clay Cutting. Chapter 7: Clay Cutti
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Clay Cutting. 7.3. The Influence of
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Clay Cutting. From this equation, s
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Clay Cutting. a material on which a
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Clay Cutting. 7.3.4. The Proposed T
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Clay Cutting. 100 90 Shear Strength
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Clay Cutting. 7.3.6. Abelev & Valen
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Clay Cutting. 2500 The Strain Rate
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Clay Cutting. 7.4. The Flow Type. 7
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Clay Cutting. F s ch i w s ah b
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Clay Cutting. Figure 7-22 shows the
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Clay Cutting. The Horizontal Cuttin
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Clay Cutting. 7.5. The Tear Type. 7
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7.5.3. The Mobilized Shear Strength
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7.5.4. The Resulting Cutting Forces
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Clay Cutting. Vertical Cutting Forc
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Clay Cutting. This gives for the no
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Clay Cutting. Substituting equation
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Clay Cutting. Figure 7-34: The equi
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Clay Cutting. Vertical Cutting Forc
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Clay Cutting. 0.30 Vertical Cutting
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Clay Cutting. 1000 Clay Cutting Esp
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Clay Cutting. Shear Angle β vs. Bl
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Clay Cutting. Horizontal Cutting Fo
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Clay Cutting. 7.9. Nomenclature. a
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Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Condition
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8.2.3. Based on UTS and UCS. Rock C
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8.2.5. Hoek & Brown (1988). Rock Cu
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8.3. Cutting Models. Rock Cutting:
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8.3.5. The Nishimatsu Model. Rock C
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sin Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Cond
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Rock Cutting: Hyperbaric Conditions
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9.8. Specific Energy Graphs. Rock C
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The Occurrence of a Wedge. Chapter
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The Occurrence of a Wedge. 19. A fo
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The Occurrence of a Wedge. h 4 4
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10.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. T
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. Chapte
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. The no
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. Figure
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11.4. Results of some Calculations.
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. 11.5.
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A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. 11.6.
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A Wedge in Saturated Sand Cutting.
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12.4. The Equilibrium of Moments. A
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12.8. Experiments. A Wedge in Satur
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12.10. Nomenclature. A Wedge in Sat
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A Wedge in Clay Cutting. Chapter 13
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A Wedge in Clay Cutting. on the equ
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A Wedge in Clay Cutting. Figure 13-
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A Wedge in Clay Cutting. L3 L7
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A Wedge in Atmospheric Rock Cutting
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14.4. Nomenclature. A Wedge in Atmo
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A Wedge in Hyperbaric Rock Cutting.
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15.4. Nomenclature. A Wedge in Hype
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Exercises. Chapter 16: Exercises. 1
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Exercises. 16.2.8. Calc.: Bulldozer
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Exercises. 16.3. Chapter 3: The Gen
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Exercises. 16.4.5. MC: Hyperbaric R
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Exercises. 16.6. Chapter 6: Water S
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Exercises. 2 2 1 w c i c g v h
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Exercises. F: Determine the pore pr
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Exercises. E sp Fh vc Fh Fh 10
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Exercises. 1,000 Pore Pressures on
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Exercises. A tensile strength of -2
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Exercises. Shear Stress vs. Normal
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Exercises. 70 60 50 40 Shear Stress
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Exercises. 16.8.4. Calc.: Cutting F
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Exercises. 16.8.5. Calc.: Cutting F
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Exercises. 16.9. Chapter 9: Hyperba
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Bibliography. Chapter 17: Bibliogra
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Bibliography. Miedema, S. (1989, De
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Figures & Tables. Chapter 18: Figur
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Figures & Tables. Figure 5-20: The
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Figures & Tables. Figure 8-5: Const
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Figures & Tables. Figure 12-11: The
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18.2. List of Figures in Appendices
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Figures & Tables. Figure U-2: Speci
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Figures & Tables. Figure Y-27: A la
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Figures & Tables. 18.3. List of Tab
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18.4. List of Tables in Appendices.
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Appendices. Chapter 19: Appendices.
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Active & Passive Soil Failure Coeff
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Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. Appe
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Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. B.1.
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Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. B.2
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Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. B.3
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Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. Perc
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Dimensionless Pore Pressures p1m &
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The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating.
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The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating.
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Appendix E: The Coefficient c1. The
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The Coefficient c1. Table E-3: c1 f
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Appendix F: The Coefficient c2. The
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The Coefficient c2. Table F-3: c2 f
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Appendix G: The Coefficient a1. The
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The Coefficient a1. Table G-3: a1 f
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The Shear Angle β Cavitating. Appe
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The Shear Angle β Cavitating. Tabl
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Appendix I: The Coefficient d1. The
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The Coefficient d1. Table I-3: d1 f
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Appendix J: The Coefficient d2. The
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The Coefficient d2. Table J-3: d2 f
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The Properties of the 200 μm Sand.
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Experiments in Water Saturated Sand
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The Snow Plough Effect. Appendix N:
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The Snow Plough Effect. 10.0 8.0 Fh
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The Snow Plough Effect. 20.0 16.0 F
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Specific Energy in Sand. Appendix O
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Specific Energy in Sand. 2500 Speci
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Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitati
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Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitati
Page 579 and 580: Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating.
Page 581 and 582: Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating.
Page 583 and 584: Pore Pressures with Wedge. Appendix
Page 585 and 586: Pore Pressures with Wedge. Table R-
Page 587 and 588: Pore Pressures with Wedge. Table R-
Page 589 and 590: FEM Calculations with Wedge. Append
Page 591 and 592: FEM Calculations with Wedge. Figure
Page 593 and 594: S.3 The 75 Degree Blade. FEM Calcul
Page 599 and 600: Appendix T: Force Triangles. Force
Page 601 and 602: Force Triangles. Figure T-3: The fo
Page 603 and 604: Force Triangles. Figure T-5: The fo
Page 605 and 606: Specific Energy in Clay. Appendix U
Page 607 and 608: Specific Energy in Clay. 6000 Speci
Page 609 and 610: Clay Cutting Charts. Appendix V: Cl
Page 611 and 612: Clay Cutting Charts. The Vertical C
Page 613 and 614: Clay Cutting Charts. Shear Angle β
Page 615 and 616: Clay Cutting Charts. V.3 The Curlin
Page 617 and 618: Rock Cutting Charts. Appendix W: Ro
Page 619 and 620: Rock Cutting Charts. W.2 The Transi
Page 621 and 622: Rock Cutting Charts. A & B: Tensile
Page 629: Rock Cutting Charts. A & B: Tensile
Page 633 and 634: Rock Cutting Charts. W.5 Brittle Te
Page 635 and 636: Rock Cutting Charts. W.6 Brittle Te
Page 637 and 638: Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. App
Page 639 and 640: Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. 100
Page 641 and 642: Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. X.2
Page 665 and 666: Applications & Equipment. Appendix
Page 667 and 668: Y.2 Bucket Ladder Dredges. Applicat
Page 669 and 670: Y.3 Cutter Suction Dredges. Applica
Page 671 and 672: Applications & Equipment. Figure Y-
Page 673 and 674: Applications & Equipment. Y.4 Trail
Page 675 and 676: Applications & Equipment. Figure Y-
Page 677 and 678: Y.5 Backhoe Dredges. Applications &
Page 679 and 680: Y.6 Clamshell Dredges. Applications
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Applications & Equipment. Figure Y-
Page 683 and 684:
Y.7 Bucket Wheel Dredges. Applicati
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Y.8 Braun Kohle Bergbau. Applicatio
Page 687 and 688:
Y.9 Deep Sea Mining. Applications &
Page 689 and 690:
Applications & Equipment. Figure Y-
Page 691 and 692:
Y.10 Cable Trenching. Applications
Page 693 and 694:
Y.11 Offshore Pipeline Trenching. A
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Y.12 Dry Trenching. Applications &
Page 697 and 698:
Applications & Equipment. Y.13 PDC
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Applications & Equipment. Y.14 Bull
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Applications & Equipment. Y.15 Dry
Page 703 and 704:
Y.16 Tunnel Boring Machines. Applic
Page 705 and 706:
Publications. Appendix Z: Publicati
Page 707 and 708:
Publications. 52. Miedema, S.A.,
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