MAGANZINE PROYECT ÁNGEL

END OF
SEMESTER!
ÁNGEL YAMIL ORTEGA GAMBOA
TEACHER HERMES MEZA HERNANDEZ
5 AMIM
CBTIS 107

INDEX
• FIRST PARTIAL …………………………… 3
• PREVIOUS STRUCTURES…..…………....4
• PASSIVE VOICE………….……………...11
• PREFIXIES AND SUFFIXES……………..19
• SECOND PARTIAL………………………….29
• TYPE OF CONNECTORS………………...30
• SKIMMING AND SCANNING…………….36
• INFERENCES……………………………..40
• THIRD PARTIAL…………………………….43
• WISH STATEMENTS……………………..44
• PERFECT FUTURE……………………….49
• PHRASAL VERBS………………………..52
•

PREVIOUS STRUCTURES
THE TOPIC IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW
BECAUSE IT IS BASIC IN ENGLISH TO
FORMULATE SENTENCES TO START A
CONVERSATION AND FOR THAT THERE
ARE DIFFERENT TYPES:
SIMPLE PAST
4
Is used for sentences in
which the idea, act, or state
has already been
completed. It could have
ended five minutes ago or
five centuries ago, the
completion time does not
matter, the only important
thing is that you talk about
something that no longer
happens or exists in the
present.

STRUCTURE
+
PRONOUN/SUBJECT
+ VERB PAST FORM +
COMPLEMENT
-
?
PRONOUN/ SUBJECT + AUX. DIDN´T (DID NOT)
+ VERB PRESENT FORM + COMPLEMENT
AUX. DID + SUBJECT + VERB PRESENT
FORM + COMPLEMENT + ?
EXAMPLES
+
•
WE ATE MEAT WITH MY BEST FRIEND
YESTERDAY
• THE BUS STOPPED A FEW MINUTES AGO
-
?
• I DIDN'T SEE A PLAY YESTERDAY
• HE DIDN'T WASH HIS CAR
• DID YOU PLANT SOME FLOWERS?
• DID HE GO TO SCHOOL LAST YEAR?
5

PAST PERFECT
It is used to indicate that
one event occurred
before another in the
past. It does not matter
which event is
mentioned first, because
the verb tense makes
clear the temporal order
in which they occurred.
6

STRUCTURE
SUBJECT + HAD (AUXILIARY) + VERB PAST
PARTICIPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT + HAD NOT/ HADN´T + VERB PAST
PARTICIPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT
HAD + SUBJECT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE
+ COMPLEMENT + ?
EXAMPLES
• SHE HAD COME LATE TO THE SCHOOL
• THEY HAD GONE OUT WHEN YOU CALLED
• YOU HADN´T STUDIET HARD
• HE HAD NOT LIVED IN MIAMI
• HAD THEY BEEN MARRIED WHEN I
WAS BORN?
• HAD I DRIVEN A CAR YESTERDAY?
7

PAST CONTINUOS OR
PROGRESSIVE
The past continuous
is used for actions
that were
happening at a
specific time in the
past. Like the
present continuous,
it is formed with the
auxiliary verb “to
be” and the verb +
ing.
8

STRUCTURE
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + VERB–ING +
COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT + WASN´T/WEREN´T +
VERB-ING + COMPLEMENT
EXAMPLES
WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + VERB-ING +
COMPLEMENT + ?
• HE WAS PAINTING THE WALL
• WE WERE WAKING UP VERY EARLY
• WE WEREN’T GOING TO THE PARTY
• YOU WEREN´T WORKING IN THE
STORE
• WAS SHE DOING THE WORK OF
TWO PEOPLE?
• WAS THE BOY CRYING BECAUSE
HIS TOY IS BROKEN?
9

• THE IMPORTANCE OF THE
PREVIOUS STRUCTURES IS
THAT IT PROVIDES A
STRUCTURE FOR THE
INFORMATION PRESENTED,
REGARDLESS OF THE TYPE
OF TEXT IN QUESTION.
• KNOWING EACH PART OF
PREVIOUS STRUCTURES
WILL HELP YOU USE WORDS
CORRECTLY AS YOU WRITE
AND SPEAK.
CONCLUSION
10

PASSIVE VOICE
THE PASSIVE VOICE IS USED TO EXPRESS
INTEREST IN THE PERSON OR OBJECT
EXPERIENCING THE ACTION RATHER
THAN THE PERSON OR OBJECT
PERFORMING THE ACTION. IN OTHER
WORDS, THE MOST IMPORTANT THING
OR PERSON BECOMES THE SUBJECT OF
THE SENTENCE.
11

PRESENT TENSE
In the present tense the
infinitive of the verb is
used without the word to.
The only change we make
is to add an "s" to the third
person singular verb
ending he (él), she (ella),
it (eso, cosa).
12
The present tense is the time that can
be used to express:
• an action in the present
• a state of being
• an occurrence in the (same) near
future
• an action that occurred in the past
and continues to the present

PAST TENSE
There are four past tenses in english. Use them
to talk about things that started and ended in the
past or things that started in the past and
continue to the present.
• SIMPLE PAST
• PAST CONTINOUS
• PAST PERFECT
• PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS
13

FUTURE TENSE
It is used to describe
actions that will be carried
out in the future, without the
need to specify when. In
english, this verb tense is
usually expressed with the
manners "will / will" or with
the construction "be going
to"
14

EXAMPLES
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
• ACCEPT
• PUT
• SAY
• EAT
• WALK
• ACCEPTED
• PUT
• SAID
• ATE
• WALKED
• WILL ACCEPT
• WILL PUT
• WILL SAY
• WILL EAT
• WILL WALK
15

P
R
E
S
E
N
T
It is a grammatical
combination of the present
tense and the perfect
aspect used to express a
past event that has
present consequences.
T
E
N
S
E
S

CONTINOUS TENSES
The continuous (or
progressive) tense comprises
two parts: the verb "to be" in the
present, past, or future tense,
combined with the present
participle of the main verb. It is a
common verbal form in the
English language, actually more
common than the
simple tense in the spoken
language.
17

THE PASSIVE VOICE IS USED TO
SHOW MORE IMPORTANCE OF
THE SUBJECT OR THING THAT IS
THE SUBJECT OF THE ACTION IN
THE SENTENCE AND THE ACTION
PERFORMED IN THE SENTENCE. IN
THE PASSIVE VOICE, WE CAN
AVOID SHOWING INTEREST IN THE
PERSON DOING THE VERB.
VERBS IN ENGLISH ARE AN
ESSENTIAL PART OF LANGUAGE
LEARNING. IN FACT, I THINK IT
HAPPENS WITH ANY LANGUAGE,
BECAUSE VERBS ARE WORDS THAT
DESCRIBE ACTIONS
CONCLUSION

PREFIXES AND
SUFFIXES
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES IN ENGLISH HELP
US MAKE WORDS. PREFIXES AND
SUFFIXES ARE LETTERS OR GROUPS OF
WORDS THAT, WHEN ADDED TO CERTAIN
WORDS, CHANGE THEIR MEANING OR
CAN CHANGE THE ROLE THAT WORD
PLAYS IN A SENTENCE.
19

PREFIXES
Prefixes are letters which we add
to the beginning of a word to
make a new word with a different
meaning. Prefixes can, for
example, create a new word
opposite in meaning to the word
the prefix is attached to. They can
also make a word negative or
express relations of time, place or
manner. Here are some
examples:
20

OPPOSITES
IN-
IM-
UN-
DIS-
IR-
IL-
Convenient / inconvenient
práctico / poco práctico
Polite / Impolite
Educado / Maleducado
Do / Undo
Hacer / Deshacer
Like / Dislike
Agradar / desagradar
Responsible / Irresponsible
Responsable / Irresponsable
Legal / Illegal
Legal / Ilegal
21

OWN MEANING
Capitalist / Anti-capitalist
Capitalista / Anticapitalista
Girlfriend / Ex-girlfriend
Novia / Exnovia
Understand / Misunderstand
Entender / Entender mal
OVER-
ANTI-
EX-
MIS-
RE-
React / Overreact
Reaccionar / reaccionar exageradamente
Build / Rebuild
Construir / Reconstruir
22

SUFFIXES
Suffixes are groups of
letters that are added to
the end of a word to modify
its meaning and its
grammatical category.
23

-SION/TION
(state of being)
POSITION
PROMOTION
COHESION
AFFECTION
AMBITION
-ATE
(BECOME)
MEDIATE
COLABORATE
CREATE
ERADICATE
DETONATE
24

-FUL
(Notable for)
HANDFUL
PLAYFUL
HOPEFUL
SKILFUL
THANKFUL
-IC/-ICAL
(Having the form)
PSYCHOLOGICAL
HYPOCRITICAL
METHODICAL
NONSENSICAL
MUSICAL
25

-IVE
(Having the nature of)
INQUISITIVE
INFORMATIVE
ATTENTIVE
ABORTIVE
ACTIVE
-LESS
(WITHOUTH)
26
MEANINGLESS
HOPELESS
HOMELESS
MINDLESS
SPOTLESS

-LY
(Related to/qualiity)
SOFTLY
SLOWLY
HAPPILY
CRAZILY
MADLY
-WARD, -WARDS
(Direction)
TOWARDS
AFTERWARDS
BACKWARDS
INWARDS
OUTWARDS
27

CONCLUSION
THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING THE
PREFIX AND SUFFIX IS OBVIOUS, BECAUSE
THROUGH THESE WE CAN IDENTIFY OR
FORM NEW WORDS.
AN ENGLISH WORD CAN BE MADE UP OF
THREE PARTS: ROOT, PREFIX, AND SUFFIX.
THE ROOT IS THE PART OF A WORD THAT
CONTAINS A DEFINITION OR A BASIC WORD
MEANING. THE PREFIX IS A WORD
ELEMENT PLACED IN FRONT OF THE STEM,
CHANGES THE MEANING OF A WORD, OR
CREATES A NEW ONE. A SUFFIX IS AN
ELEMENT THAT IS PLACED AFTER THE ROOT
TO CHANGE THE MEANING OF THE WORD
AS WELL AS ITS FUNCTION.
28

TYPE OF CONNECTORS
CONNECTORS ARE WORDS OR GROUP OF
WORDS WHOSE MAIN FUNCTION IS TO
ESTABLISH A CERTAIN RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN SENTENCES THAT ARE PART OF
THE TEXT. DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF
CONNECTOR WE USE, WE WILL GIVE OUR
TEXT A CERTAIN MEANING. THAT IS, IF WE
CHANGE THE CONNECTOR, WE WILL GIVE
IT A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT MEANING.
30

COPULATIVE CONNECTORS
THEY HAVE THE FUNCTION OF JOINING TWO
EVENTS.
• And: y
• Not only… but also: no solo… sino también
• Not only… but… as well: no solo… sino…también
• Both… and: tanto… como
• No sooner…than: apenas…cuando
DISJUNCTIVE CONNECTORS
THEY SERVE TO GIVE
ONE OR MORE
ALTERNATIVES TO THE
IDEA PROPOSED BY THE
PREVIOUS SENTENCE.
• Or: o
• Either… or: o… o
• Neither… nor: no… ni
• Wether… or: si… o
• Or else: o sino
• Otherwise: de otro
modo
31

CONDITIONAL CONNECTORS
THEY SERVE TO EXPRESS A
CONDITION. THEY ARE USED TO
JOIN TWO IDEAS IN SUCH A WAY
THAT ONE DEPENDS ON THE
SATISFACTORY RESULT OR NOT
OF THE OTHER.
• If/whether: si
• Unless: a menos que
• Provided/providing/as long
as: siempre que, mientras
• In case: en caso de que
CONCESSIVE CONNECTORS
THEY SERVE TO EXPRESS AN
OBJECTION TO THE MAIN IDEA OF
THE SENTENCE.
32
• Although/though/even
though: aunque
• Even if: incluso si
• Not even if: ni siquiera si
• Despite/in spite of: a pesar de
• Regardless of sin importar

CONCLUSIVE CONNECTORS
THEY ARE USED TO GIVE A CONCLUSION AND / OR
CIRCUMSTANCE TO THE EVENT PROPOSED IN THE MAIN
SENTENCE.
• Therefore: por lo tanto
• Hence: de ahí
• Thus: por lo tanto
• So: entonces
• Consequently: por lo tanto, en consecuencia
CONTINUOUS CONNECTORS
THEY ARE USED TO ADD AN EVENT RELATED TO THE
MAIN ONE
• Then: entonces
• Moreover/furthermore/besides: además/ por otra parte/
para colmo
• In addition to: además de
• What´s more: lo que, es más
33

ADVERSATIVE CONNECTORS
THEY SERVE TO OPPOSE A
DIFFICULTY TO THE SITUATION
PRESENTED ABOVE.
• But: pero
• However: sin embargo
• Instead: en su lugar, en lugar de ello
• Whereas/while: mientras que
• On the contrary: por lo contrario
• On the other hand: por otro lado
• Nor: ni
CAUSAL CONNECTORS
ARE USED TO GIVE A REASON TO A
FACT
34
• Because: porque
• Because of: debido a
• For: porque
• Since: puesto que
• As: puesto que
• Due to/owing to: debido a

CONCLUSION
SINCE CONNECTORS HAVE MULTIPLE
USES, THAT IS, SENTENCES CAN
COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER,
CONTRADICT EACH OTHER, AND
PROPOSE REASONS OR
CONCLUSIONS. THEREFORE, THEY
ARE USUALLY ESPECIALLY
IMPORTANT IN ACADEMIC, WORK
OR FORMAL SETTINGS. DON'T
FORGET THAT THEY CAN ALSO BE
USED IN INFORMAL SETTINGS, SUCH
AS CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN
FRIENDS.
35

SKIMMING AND
SCANNING
DEPENDING ON THE TEXT WE ARE READING AND
WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR IN IT, THERE ARE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF READING. TO NAME JUST A
FEW EXAMPLES, READING MATERIAL CAN BE
INFORMATIVE, THOUGHTFUL, ENTERTAINING, OR
CRITICAL; THE SPEED AT WHICH WE READ DEPENDS
ON THE TYPE OF READING AND THE TYPE OF
READING. TODAY WE WILL SEE TWO TECHNIQUES
THAT CAN HELP US QUICKLY UNDERSTAND THE TEXT
36

SKIMMING
• It is used to find the main ideas of a text, reading the
first and last paragraphs.
• The idea is to identify the main concepts, data and
key dates
• It is effective in understanding the main ideas of a
text, but not the same in its entirety
37

SCANNING
• Also known as scan reading.
• An example of scanning a text is when you look up a number
in the phone book, that you do not read all the names, but you
look for a specific one, or also when you look up a word in the
dictionary.
• It is very useful when you need to find specific information
that you already know beforehand and do not have time to
read everything.
38

TRACKING AND SCANNING ARE
READING TECHNIQUES THAT USE
RAPID EYE MOVEMENTS AND
KEYWORDS TO READ QUICKLY.
SKIMMING IS A QUICK READ TO
GET AN OVERVIEW OF THE
MATERIAL. THE SCAN IS A QUICK
READ TO FIND SPECIFIC FACTS.
IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO MANAGE
YOUR TIME DURING THE READING
PORTION OF A TEST TO ENSURE
THAT YOU HAVE ENOUGH TIME TO
ANSWER EACH QUESTION AS
ACCURATELY AS POSSIBLE. TIME
MANAGEMENT MEANS
BUDGETING YOUR TIME.
CONCLUSION
39

INFERENCES
HE TAKES THE EVIDENCE FROM THE TEXT A STEP FURTHER BY
FINDING CLUES IN THE TEXT AND COMBINING IT WITH HIS
OWN LIFE EXPERIENCES TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT
WHAT THE AUTHOR INTENDED.
40

You can use this graphic organizer with any text.
Here is an example of how you can use with
these passages.
MAKING INFERENCES
TEXT
The text said…
Jake smiled..
Green box
Red box
Decorated
SCHEMA
And i know that..
+ =
When someone
smiles they are
happy or exited
Green and red are
christmas colors.
Christmas tres are
decorated
INFERENCE
So it must mean
That Jake is
excited
It is christmas
gift
Seat and
handle bars
a bike has a seat and
handle bars
That the gift is
a bike
41

USING AN INFERENCE
INVOLVES USING WHAT WE
KNOW TO GUESS WHAT YOU
DON'T KNOW OR WHAT IS
READ BETWEEN THE LINES.
INFERENTIAL READERS USE
THE EVIDENCE FROM THE
TEXT, AS WELL AS THEIR OWN
EXPERIENCES, TO HELP THEM
REVEAL THINGS THAT WERE
NOT DIRECTLY SAID, MAKING
THE TEXT PERSONAL AND
MEMORABLE.
CONCLUSION
42

WISH STATEMENTS
YOU WILL OFTEN HEAR WISHES FOR INSPIRING MUSIC,
MOVIE DIALOGUE, POETRY, AND SPEECHES.
DESIRE IS A DESIRE FOR ANOTHER REALITY.
IN GENERAL, WISHES EXPRESS WISHES THAT ARE UNLIKELY
TO OCCUR.
IF YOU SAY, "I WISH I COULD FLY", IT MEANS THAT YOUR
WINGS PROBABLY WON'T GROW AND YOU WON'T LEARN TO
FLY.
44

We can use 'wish' to talk about something that we
would like to be different in the present or the future.
It's used for things which are impossible or very
unlikely.
WISHES ABOUT THE PRESENT AND
FUTURE
wish + past simple is used to express that we
want a situation in the present (or future) to be
different.
• I wish I spoke Italian. (I
don’t speak Italian)
• I wish I had a big
car. (I don’t have a
big car)
• I wish I were on a
beach. (I’m in
the office)
45

Wish + past continuous is used to
express that we want to be doing a
different action in the present
(or future).
• I wish I were lying on a beach
now. (I’m sitting in the office)
• I wish it weren’t raining.
(It is raining)
WISHES ABOUT
THE PAST
wish + past perfect is
used to express a
regret, or that we
want a situation in the
past to be different.
• I wish I hadn’t eaten so
much. (I ate a lot)
46
• I wish they’d come on holiday with
us. (They didn’t come on holiday)
• I wish I had studied harder at
school. (I was lazy at school)

WISH + WOULD
wish + would + bare infinitive is used to express
impatience, annoyance or dissatisfaction with a
present action.
• I wish you would stop smoking.
You are smoking at the moment, and it is
annoying me.
• I wish it would stop raining.
I’m impatient because it is raining, and I want
to go outside.
WISH AND HOPE
To express that you want something to happen in
the future (not wanting a situation to be different,
and not implying impatience or
annoyance) hope is used instead of wish.
•I hope it’s sunny tomorrow.
“I wish it was sunny tomorrow” is not correct.
•I hope she passes her exam next week.
“I wish she were passing her exam next week” is
not correct.
47

A PREVIOUS WISH MEANS THAT
I KNOW WHAT HAPPENED IN
THE PAST AND I FEEL IT NOW.
EXAMPLE: I SAID SOMETHING
PAINFUL AND NOW I REGRET IT.
I WISH I HADN'T SAID THAT.
PAST HOPE MEANS I DON'T
KNOW FOR SURE WHAT
HAPPENED, AND I HOPE
SOMETHING HAPPENS OR
HASN'T HAPPENED YET.
CONCLUSION
48

PERFECT FUTURE
THE FUTURE PERFECT IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR INDICATES THAT
AN ACTION WILL BE EXECUTED AT SOME POINT IN THE FUTURE.
THE FUTURE PERFECT IS THE VERB TENSE USED IN VERBS THAT
WILL BE COMPLETED BEFORE ANOTHER TIME IN THE FUTURE. ...
THE FUTURE IDEAL IS TO TALK ABOUT A WORK THAT WILL BE
COMPLETED BETWEEN NOW AND SOME TIME IN THE FUTURE.
49

STRUCTURE
+
-
?
SUBJECT + AUX WILL + HAVE + VERB PAST
PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT + AUX WILL NOT (WON´T) + HAVE
+ VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT
AUX WILL + SUBJECT + HAVE + VERB
PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT + ?
EXAMPLES
50
+
-
?
• I WILL HAVE FINISHED THIS BOOK.
• SHE WILL HAVE COOKED DINNER.
• I WILL NOT WIN THE MATCH.
• HENRY WON´T HAVE RAN BY TEN
O’CLOCK.
• WILL YOU HAVE MARRIED JEROME BY
THEN?
• WILL MOM HAVE COOKED OUR
FAVORITE MEAL?

IT IS USED TO CONFIRM THE
DURATION OF AN ACTION THAT
WILL END SOMETIME IN THE
FUTURE. IT IS ALSO USED TO
MAKE ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT
POSSIBLE HYPOTHETICAL EVENTS
IN THE PAST. IT IS FORMED WITH
THE PARTICLE, THE SUBJECT IS (TO
BE) AND THE MAIN VERB OF THE
MAIN VERB IS.
CONCLUSION
51

PHRASAL VERBS
PHRASAL VERBS ARE GROUPS OF VERBS AND
ADVERBS OR PREPOSITIONS, WHICH HAVE
SPECIAL MEANINGS.
COMBINES A VERB WITH A PREPOSITION OR
AN ADVERB OR BOTH AND ACTS AS A VERB
THAT HAS A DIFFERENT MEANING THAN THE
COMMON MEANING OF INDIVIDUAL WORDS.
52

1
TO CALL AROUND
To contact multiple people.
Example: Roy called around to find a nearby
mechanic.
TO CALL [X] OFF
To cancel.
Example: We called the party off, or
We called off the party.
2
3
TO CHECK [X] OUT
To verify a person or thing. When regarding
a person, this phrase can also be flirtatious.
Example: I'll check the contract out. or
I'llcheck out the contract.
TO CLEAN [X] UP
To clean a general area.
Example: John cleaned the living room up
or John cleaned up the living room.
4
53

5
TO DIVE INTO
To occupy oneself with something.
Example: I'll dive into that new TV show
later tonight.
TO DRESS UP
To wear nice clothes.
Example: Abed dressed up for the
presentation.
6
7
TO END UP
To eventually become a certain way or
find oneself in a situation.
Example: He ended up taking the job.
TO FILL [X] UP
To fill something completely.
Example: Bruce filled his wine glass
up or Bruce filled up his wine glass.
8
54

9
TO TINA OUT
To discover.
Example: Let me know when you find out
the answer.
TO GET [X] BACK
To have something returned.
Example: Rodger got his pencil back
from Lenny or Rodger got back his
pencil from Lenny.
10
11
TO GET AWAY WITH
To escape punishment or some other
unpleasantness.
Example: Shirley got away with
cheating on the test.
TO GET ALONG
To be friendly with one another.
Example: Franny gets along with
Kristin.
12
55

13
TO GIVE [X] AWAY
To donate something or to give it up for free.
Example: Mindy gave her prized doll
collection away or Mindy gave away her
prized doll collection.
TO GIVE UP
To accept defeat.
Example: Carin felt like giving
up.
14
15
TO GIVE [X] UP
To cease consuming or doing something,
often a habit.
Example: Merlin gave chocolate up or
Merlin
56

• PHRASAL VERBS ARE
IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY
ARE SO COMMON IN
INFORMAL ENGLISH, AND
UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT
THEY MEAN, INFORMAL
LANGUAGE CAN BE HARD TO
UNDERSTAND.
ADDITIONALLY, LEARNING
HOW TO USE PHRASAL VERBS
CORRECTLY WILL HELP YOU
SOUND MORE NATURAL IN
INFORMAL CONVERSATIONS.
CONCLUSION
58

ÁNGEL YAMIL ORTEGA GAMBOA
TEACHER HERMES MEZA HERNANDEZ
5 AMIM
CBTIS 107