Coaching Articles Volume 3 by The Camogie Association
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COACHING<br />
ARTICLES<br />
<strong>Volume</strong><br />
03<br />
BY THE CAMOGIE ASSOCIATION
Contents<br />
Troubling the comfortable<br />
By Brian Boyle.........................................................................2<br />
<strong>The</strong> Importance of Trust<br />
By Anna Marie McCarthy................................................ 21<br />
<strong>The</strong> Grip and Swing<br />
By Peter Casey ........................................................................4<br />
<strong>The</strong> Power of Habits<br />
By Peter Casey..................................................................... 23<br />
<strong>Coaching</strong> smarter not harder<br />
By Catherine Callaghan.......................................................6<br />
Ditch the Drills<br />
By Paul O’Brien................................................................... 25<br />
<strong>The</strong> future is now<br />
By Peter Casey.........................................................................9<br />
<strong>Coaching</strong> Pests<br />
By Liam Moggan................................................................. 27<br />
Self Determined <strong>Coaching</strong><br />
By John Murphy...................................................................11<br />
Retention is the Name of the Game<br />
By Mickey Quigg................................................................. 28<br />
Inspire to play, empower to stay<br />
By Peter Casey.....................................................................14<br />
“Let them Play”<br />
By Paul O’Brien....................................................................31<br />
Coach Education & Continuous Learning<br />
By Paul O’Brien................................................................... 16<br />
<strong>The</strong> balancing act of coaching<br />
By Peter Casey..................................................................... 32<br />
Goalkeeping is just different<br />
By Mark Cooney.................................................................. 18<br />
Session planning<br />
By Aisling Kane................................................................... 34<br />
<strong>The</strong> Assist & Challenge Model - More than a<br />
Technical <strong>Coaching</strong> Tool<br />
By Ross Corbett................................................................... 19<br />
Scoring is the name of the game<br />
By Peter Casey..................................................................... 36<br />
1
Troubling the<br />
comfortable<br />
By Brian Boyle<br />
‘<strong>The</strong> interesting thing about coaching is you have to<br />
trouble the comfortable and comfort the troubled’<br />
I<br />
came across this quote from Ric Charlesworth a couple<br />
of years ago. As an avid reader, rarely has a single<br />
statement been mulled over more and personally,<br />
created so many synergies between practice and role or<br />
summarised so perfectly the essence of coaching.<br />
Ric Charlesworth, an author, medical doctor, politician,<br />
cricket player at representative level, Olympic hockey<br />
medal holder as player and coach, 8 world coach of the year<br />
awards, is a fascinating man and the living embodiment<br />
of such frequently used coaching terms as ‘sampling’ and<br />
‘late specialisation’. Incidentally his 2 coaching books are<br />
nugget-laden and well worth the read.<br />
<strong>The</strong> simplicity and clarity of the coaching role which can<br />
be gleaned from the quote above should be affixed to the<br />
front page of every coaches’ planner irrespective of the<br />
level they coach at. <strong>The</strong> essence and indeed the spirit of<br />
effective coaching can be distilled down to the key tenets of<br />
this statement not just on a coaching/playing level but also<br />
on a pastoral and macro level. If one is to carry out the role<br />
of coach with the aim of making a meaningful difference<br />
to the people surrounding them then that responsibility<br />
goes beyond the pitch. Meaningful experiences, however<br />
through the opportunities we create, can permeate into the<br />
weekly lives of those players in their time away from the<br />
pitch.<br />
In 2019 the One World Survey carried out in conjunction<br />
with UCD and Jigsaw, the youth Mental Health Service<br />
reported the effect one good adult can have on the lives<br />
of young people. It reported that meaningful positive<br />
experiences as a result of ‘one good adult’ in their lives<br />
can lead to increased self-esteem, more success in school,<br />
improved mental health, having the confidence to seek out<br />
somebody in difficult times and less risk-taking behaviours.<br />
How can we ensure that such meaning can be experienced<br />
<strong>by</strong> every player in our care from the 5- and 6-year olds right<br />
up to the representative player? Irrespective of the player<br />
level their requirements of the coach are the same - namely<br />
engagement.<br />
In his excellent book ‘Mensch- Beyond the Cones’ the<br />
author, Johnathan Harding speaks of a wonderful word<br />
Menschenfänger which he discovered while researching<br />
the book in Germany. Literally translated, it means ‘People<br />
Catcher’ however its subliminal meaning goes much deeper.<br />
It means someone people can believe in, somebody they<br />
want to follow, someone who awakens a spirit of curiosity<br />
and enthusiasm within them.<br />
All invasion games come with similar key principles which,<br />
all talk of tactics, formations, styles and patterns can be<br />
distilled down to. <strong>The</strong>y are - getting possession, giving<br />
possession, maintaining possession, fundamentals, trying<br />
to score and trying to win back possession (Thorpe &<br />
Bunker 1982). When designing activities, to ensure your<br />
training remains as authentic as possible to the game you<br />
are preparing for, they (activities) should be created with<br />
these principles in mind. Secondly to ensure as game-like<br />
an experience as possible for your players, they should also<br />
try to keep the integrity of the way they occur in a game-like<br />
situation in close proximity. Create meaningful experiences<br />
that allow your players to engage with, interact with, mould<br />
into a creation representative of their understanding. Allow<br />
them to inhabit the scenario and not inhibit their creativity.<br />
An example of a scenario could be when playing a game you<br />
find your players when on the end line rather than recycling<br />
the ball out into space, they take shots from impossible<br />
angles. A simple approach to this might involve looking at<br />
games where a similar occurrence happens like hockey with<br />
short or penalty corners and the ball being played to the<br />
edge of the semi-circle.<br />
Discuss the scenario with your players - <strong>by</strong> discussion I<br />
mean 2-way discussion with players about what we should<br />
do in that situation; where should forwards go in order to<br />
2
with younger teams. Allow them explore the concept<br />
uninhibited within an environment familiar to them i.e.,<br />
a school yard invasion game like ‘Red Rover’ or ‘British<br />
Bulldog’. By creating a games-based learning experience in<br />
a playful environment familiar to them, the players will be<br />
more receptive to the concepts you are exploring. Play it<br />
through normally, discuss it and place the condition on the<br />
actual training game. In this case maybe create an exclusion<br />
zone in front of the goals inside which supporting players<br />
cannot enter.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re are multiple learner types including visual, auditory<br />
and kinaesthetic to name but 3. It is going to be difficult<br />
to cater for all of these every time you want to rehearse<br />
a match scenario. However, if you can touch upon a multifaceted<br />
approach in introducing it you have the best chance<br />
of engaging with all players and thus, comfort and trouble<br />
the masses in equal measures! Embrace the chaos, enjoy<br />
the chaos. See you further down the line. Nobody has the<br />
definitive roadmap as to where the coaching journey should<br />
go or how we get there but that’s what makes the coaching<br />
journey an ever evolving one as new challenges are created<br />
and previous challenges are tomorrow’s certainties.<br />
be in the best position to receive a pass and make it hard<br />
on the defender. This can be a hard skill for all coaches to<br />
master but according to Dr Shane Pill the ‘Learner voice<br />
dominates the conversation’. https://learningthroughsport.<br />
blogspot.com/2020/01/sport-coaching-and-teachingwhat-does.html<br />
.<br />
Where should defenders go in order to best defend the<br />
situation? Play out a couple of controlled scenarios like<br />
short corners from different positions on the end line and<br />
ask for feedback from the players before resuming a game.<br />
If the scenario doesn’t occur in your game. Offer a constraint<br />
to the participants where<strong>by</strong> if a team scores in normal play<br />
they can rush to the corner flag and collect a ball to create<br />
an opportunity for the bonus score. This scenario can be<br />
then used to coach defenders on how to work the ball out<br />
from a tight position, under pressure.<br />
Another scenario might be that when a player is running<br />
through on goal the other forwards, in their eagerness<br />
to support run towards the forward thus bringing more<br />
defenders in on top of the attacker and cluttering the<br />
space in front of goal, making it much harder to score. This<br />
is a common scenario in younger teams. Play it through<br />
normally, discuss it and place the condition on the game.<br />
In this case maybe create an exclusion zone in front of the<br />
goals inside which supporting players cannot enter.<br />
Another scenario might be when a player is running through<br />
on goal the other forwards converge on the ball carrier. In<br />
their eagerness to support they run towards the forward<br />
thus, bringing more defenders in on top of the attacker<br />
and cluttering the space in front of goal, making it much<br />
harder to score. This is a common scenario experienced<br />
3
<strong>The</strong> Grip and<br />
Swing<br />
By Peter Casey<br />
As the fastest field sport played <strong>by</strong> females in the<br />
world, <strong>Camogie</strong> can be an extremely challenging<br />
game to master. According to the learning.gaa.<br />
ie it is estimated that there are over 170 skills in<br />
hurling and camogie. As a coach it can be very daunting to<br />
get around to teaching multiple skills. In every squad (even<br />
inter county senior) one of the biggest challenges is to<br />
deal with players with varying levels of skill profiency and<br />
athletic prowess. Often in coaching courses we get asked<br />
what is the best way of dealing with such a group.<br />
Very often coaches believe that theirs is the only team<br />
that has a gulf between its strongest and weakest players.<br />
Thankfully the wider GAA family is making huge efforts to<br />
be far more inclusive than in the past - even though we<br />
still have a long way to go – and coaches want to be able<br />
to improve their weakest players while still challenging the<br />
strongest players. We would all love to develop our players<br />
to their potential in the hope that one day some of them<br />
could play like Carrie Dolan, Aoife Donohue, Ann Dalton,<br />
Sarah Dervan and the other Galway and Kilkenny players<br />
who performed in Croke Park in the recent league final.<br />
When trying to help coaches deal with their dilemma often<br />
as tutors we have to share our own experiences. One of the<br />
best things I ever learned is that development is non-linear.<br />
We like to think of things in terms of linear improvement<br />
but development is more a mishmash. Players develop<br />
at different rates and most likely your best players now<br />
will not be the best in the future and your weakest now<br />
could one day be your strongest. However to be one of<br />
the strongest in the future there are a few essential skills<br />
that players need, or else it will be very difficult for them to<br />
master the other skills.<br />
<strong>The</strong> essential skills are often referred to as the basics or the<br />
basic skills and it really is an unfortunate term. Referring to<br />
them as basic demeans them in a sense with the result that<br />
coaches often fail to give them the care they require. <strong>The</strong><br />
essential skills in hurling are the grip and the swing and if<br />
we get them right we will have loads of boys and girls able<br />
to play hurling and camogie but if we neglect these skills<br />
then it will be a struggle. <strong>The</strong> first few months of a child’s<br />
hurling or camogie career is a really important time.<br />
If all under 6 coaches said that <strong>by</strong> the end of the year, all<br />
players will grip and swing the hurley correctly, they will<br />
have done most of their job. I’m in the fortunate position of<br />
coaching my club under 6’s every Sunday morning. One of<br />
the first things we do 3 or 4 times in every session is to sing<br />
the new song we are learning, sung to the air of Ba<strong>by</strong> Shark.<br />
Hurley hand doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
Hurley hand doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
Hurley hand doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
Hurley hand!<br />
Catching hand doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
Catching hand doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
Catching hand doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
Catching hand!<br />
4<br />
C shaped swing doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
C shaped swing doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
C shaped swing doo doo doo doo doo doo<br />
C shaped swing!
All children raise their dominant hand while singing the first<br />
verse, their non-dominant hand for the second verse (which<br />
was learned in week 3) and swing a very short hurley with<br />
one hand for verse 3 (learned in week 6).<br />
<strong>The</strong> grip and swing are the skills that enable all other skills<br />
to happen. Striking from the hand, rising, hooking, blocking,<br />
first touch are all much easier to teach and learn when<br />
players have learned a good grip and swing. By taking our<br />
time with the grip and swing and learning the 6 main points<br />
about the skill we can keep our group together far more<br />
easily and children are active agents in their own learning.<br />
Rome wasn’t built a day but with careful repetition over the<br />
first while, young children should develop good habits that<br />
will stand to them over a long period of time.<br />
Children who are very tall for their age could go up a size<br />
and children who are shorter should go down a size but the<br />
main advise is that it is better to go for a shorter hurley<br />
when learning the grip and swing.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re are great strikers in our games now like Patrick<br />
Horgan, Aaron Gillane, Joe Canning, Chloe Morey, Denise<br />
Gaule and Gemma O’Connor. While they all have their<br />
individual differences they also have a lot of similarities. In<br />
order to be a good striker you need to have a good swing.<br />
Learning the hurley hand and its positions, the catching<br />
hand and its positions and a c-shaped swing and what that<br />
looks like over the first year of a child’s camogie career can<br />
give them a better chance of also becoming a good striker<br />
and hurler.<br />
<strong>The</strong> other major factor that effects a child learning the grip<br />
and swing is the size and weight of the hurley used. It is<br />
quite difficult to buy a hurley suitable for under 6’s and<br />
unfortunately the ones sold in most supermarkets are much<br />
too long, thick and heavy. Most of the well known hurley<br />
makers however sell suitable child hurleys. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Camogie</strong><br />
<strong>Association</strong> recently published a really useful guide<br />
for sizing a hurley correctly. In my experience this is the<br />
maximum size that children should use.<br />
5
<strong>Coaching</strong> Smarter<br />
not Harder<br />
By Catherine<br />
Callaghan<br />
Albert Einstein is reported to have once said if<br />
you can’t explain something simply then you<br />
don’t understand it well enough yourself. I like to<br />
apply this kind of philosophy to coaching, to keep<br />
things simple, ensuring those being coached do not need to<br />
expend unnecessary energy trying to interpret what is being<br />
said to them during a session, as for me, the most effective<br />
coaching session is the one which affords the most time to<br />
the players to be involved in simply playing the game.<br />
In my experience the best way to ensure this kind of<br />
environment is to do some work on one’s own coaching<br />
methods and style off the pitch. In this piece I’d like to<br />
outline five key points or practices that I have found to be<br />
both worthwhile and effective in my coaching life.<br />
1. Commit. In short - Find Your Why<br />
on being the best is constantly comparing themselves to<br />
other coaches and there<strong>by</strong> leaking some of their energy<br />
on to something over which they have no control - this is a<br />
wasted effort, effort which would be much more effectively<br />
invested in developing our quality of attention ie our focus.<br />
2. Focus. In short - Helps you make better decisions faster<br />
Believe it or not the difference between an adequate<br />
player or coach and an extraordinary player or coach lies<br />
in the quality of their attention. <strong>The</strong>se days we’re all prone<br />
to distraction, in fact those of us who have grown up with<br />
phones in our hands are well versed in distraction, we<br />
expect distraction, we are, if you will, distraction focussed.<br />
It’s common knowledge that attention spans over the past<br />
number of years have become increasingly short so it’s<br />
really important for anyone who would like to become<br />
more efficient in how they utilise their energy that they<br />
develop a daily practice of “playing attention” - directing<br />
<strong>The</strong> action in commitment is decision. In order to get better<br />
at coaching one needs to decide every day to want to get<br />
better at coaching but as we all know when we’re working<br />
towards anything, the desire to want it isn’t enough on<br />
it’s own - we need to combine this desire with repeatedly<br />
deciding to work towards getting better at coaching -<br />
without this basic agreement within ourselves we will not<br />
stay on the path of becoming better…we will stall.<br />
Something else to consider here is one’s motivation behind<br />
the desire to develop as a coach. Is it a desire to become a<br />
better coach for your players? or Is it a desire to be the best<br />
coach? It might seems like a subtle difference between the<br />
two standpoints but behind the scenes, what’s happening<br />
inside a mind which is focused on themselves getting<br />
better in order to serve others more skilfully versus a mind<br />
set on becoming the best there are two very different sets<br />
of events unfolding. <strong>The</strong> coach who focusses on getting<br />
better applies all of their energy and attention on improving<br />
themselves as a coach whereas the coach who focusses<br />
6
your attention onto something and holding it there is more<br />
difficult than you might realise initially - such a practice<br />
will enable the coach to harness, direct & hold all of their<br />
attention on what needs to be attended to in any given<br />
moment at training or in a game. Often times we may<br />
unwittingly leak the limited resources of our attention onto<br />
things outside of what is actually happening at the moment<br />
there<strong>by</strong> diluting our capacity make the most skilful decision<br />
faster under pressure because we’re not fully focussed on<br />
exactly what is presented in front of us at training or in a<br />
game situation.<br />
3. Build Bonds. In short - Fosters Buy-in<br />
We remember of course that coaching is all about people<br />
rather than any given sport or activity and as social beings<br />
working with people in essence means creating and<br />
maintaining relationships - even with people we’re not<br />
naturally drawn towards. When it comes to a robust sport<br />
like <strong>Camogie</strong> where the drop out rate at underage is startling<br />
it’s really important coaches work on their awareness of<br />
how they relate to these young people - having said that<br />
building bonds is no less important in adult age grades. In<br />
my experience it’s imperative to offer players what they<br />
want ie fun, enjoyment, a safe place for self expression, a<br />
sense and a feeling of, purpose - which I round up to an<br />
overall feeling of happiness and fulfilment. This type of<br />
offering is important in order for players in turn to want<br />
what it is the coach has to offer ie hard work, challenge,<br />
growth as a player and a person.<br />
4. Choose your Words. In short - Build Belief<br />
<strong>The</strong> efficiency with which coaches encourage their players<br />
to come on board and want what coaches have to offer will<br />
depend largely on the vision/atmosphere/environment<br />
a coach can create, what’s commonly called ‘the culture’<br />
of a team or club. This culture is formed initially from the<br />
thoughts of the coach/manager. <strong>The</strong>se thoughts then need<br />
to find proper expression through words and actions so the<br />
value of deliberately and consistently choosing the most<br />
appropriate words cannot be overemphasised. For me this<br />
is a very time consuming endeavour but it does pay huge<br />
dividends. A coach’s input can be made much more effective<br />
and consequently less time consuming for the coach, as<br />
the quality of their focus, mentioned earlier, improves. <strong>The</strong><br />
aim here is to try inspire players to find something inside<br />
of themselves that they may not know is in there yet or<br />
indeed may suspect is in there but they don’t feel confident<br />
enough to let it out /too vulnerable to be themselves or<br />
afraid on some level that if they try they may fail which they<br />
interpret as a negative experience. <strong>The</strong>y may think maybe<br />
I’m not as good as I think I am etc. It’s the role of the coach<br />
to encourage and grow the belief - to let their players know<br />
both through their words and actions - I wish you could see in<br />
yourself what I can see in you - be a mirror as it were, believe<br />
on their behalf until they believe it themselves. Here we<br />
mostly focus on the building, strengthening and growth of<br />
intrinsic motivation while keeping in mind the Pymalion<br />
Effect which is, in essence, the phenomenon that players<br />
generally tend to have a higher expectation of themselves<br />
if coaches have a higher expectation of them - this is a self<br />
fulfilling prophecy.<br />
7
5. Be Patient. In short - keeps players playing<br />
Being patient is one of the most difficult parts of the art of<br />
coaching I believe. Coaches want things to unfold in the way<br />
they plan, coaches want players to pick up skills and tactics<br />
in a certain time frame, coaches have a schedule & coaches<br />
with the best will in the world want to see their players<br />
succeed. But, as coaches we must always remember - what<br />
a player appears to do or not do can often be deceptive - an<br />
apparent hesitancy can often just be a gathering of courage<br />
or strength as they ruminate over taking the next step in their<br />
exploration of what it is they’re really made of. <strong>The</strong> causes<br />
of player behaviour are often very subtle so as coaches we<br />
must not be too quick to condemn or even praise for that<br />
matter. We must remember that everything unfolds in it’s<br />
own time no matter what schedule we’ve created.<br />
Something to Ponder - If our coaching energy is free flowing<br />
but directionless we have plenty of passion alright but in<br />
my experience passionate coaching is not enough to ensure<br />
players keep playing. If we work to some degree on steps 1 -<br />
4 what we’ll find is our coaching energy is free flowing with<br />
direction and with step 5 we add goodwill and compassion<br />
towards those in our charge and ultimately a desire to make<br />
happy rather than to be happy.<br />
<strong>The</strong> great news about this type of clear, compassionate<br />
coaching is - it is it’s own reward.<br />
8
<strong>The</strong> Future<br />
is Now<br />
By Peter Casey<br />
Your children are not your children.<br />
<strong>The</strong>y are the sons and daughters of Life’s longing for<br />
itself.<br />
<strong>The</strong>y come through you but not from you,<br />
And though they are with you yet they belong not to<br />
you.<br />
Kahill Gibrain – On Children<br />
As parents and coaches the future is always in<br />
our minds. We spend a lot of time worrying and<br />
wondering about life down the road. We fill our<br />
minds with questions and concerns like, how<br />
will our children turn out? Will they be ok? What school<br />
will we send them to? Where will they go to College? As<br />
coaches many of our thoughts are filled with hoping our<br />
players will be good at hurling and <strong>Camogie</strong> that we’ll<br />
win championships and that our players will play for the<br />
county.<br />
to mind. It’s easy to judge other parents and say that they<br />
should make their children play sport. If that doesn’t work<br />
then a clip around the ear or a kick in the backside would<br />
sort it all out. All that kind of advice was commonplace in<br />
many parishes in a different time. However this type of talk<br />
also led to abuse where children were frightened to speak<br />
out. Thankfully children are seen and also heard in most<br />
places now. It is very healthy that children can now tell their<br />
parents “yes I’d like to go there” and “no I don’t feel like<br />
doing that”.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is a great book that I sometimes use called How to<br />
talk so kids will listen and listen so kids will talk. It deals with<br />
the fundamental connection between how children feel<br />
and how they behave. It states “When children feel right,<br />
they’ll behave right. How do we help them to feel right? By<br />
accepting their feelings?” <strong>The</strong> book deals with the problem<br />
that parents don’t usually accept their children’s feelings.<br />
For example “You don’t really feel that way” “You’re only<br />
saying that because you’re tired”, “<strong>The</strong>re’s no reason to be<br />
upset”. In a GAA coaching context we could sometimes say<br />
Thinking about the future is important but sometimes it<br />
causes us to lose sight of what’s happening in front our<br />
eyes at the moment. We are blessed to have children and<br />
it is so easy to take them for granted but it would be hard<br />
to envisage any vibrancy in a community without children.<br />
Some of the most committed GAA parents often find it very<br />
difficult to encourage their children to play hurling and<br />
<strong>Camogie</strong>. Even with all their persuasive skills and bribery<br />
ideas their children refuse point blank to play. It must<br />
be very distressing for a parent who has dreamed of big<br />
days in Croke Park and Thurles cheering on their sons and<br />
daughters to have to cope with a 6 or 7 year old child who<br />
won’t even join the local club.<br />
In the past children were owned <strong>by</strong> adults. Parents,<br />
teachers, priests and coaches often felt that they were<br />
superior to children and children had to do as they were<br />
told. Old sayings like “children should be seen and not<br />
heard” and “an empty vessel makes the most sound” come<br />
9
“you couldn’t be bored this is exciting” “you’re not cold it’s<br />
very hot” and “you don’t hate <strong>Camogie</strong>, you love it”. <strong>The</strong><br />
big lesson is that we should never deny children’s rights to<br />
express their feelings even if it means they disagree with us<br />
or tell us what we don’t wish to hear.<br />
Giving children a voice and allowing them to be part of<br />
the decision making process in a house or a team is really<br />
good for their development. It also causes us to see things<br />
from their point of view and it helps us develop good<br />
communication skills where we can get our point of view<br />
across. Instead of telling our children that they have to go<br />
training and they don’t have a choice it is better to reason<br />
with them. “I’d really like if you joined the GAA club because<br />
Gaelic games are such a healthy pastime where you get to<br />
play with your friends. I can tell that you’re worried that<br />
you mightn’t be good enough but I’m sure you’ll be fine<br />
and I’ll have a word with your coach so he won’t do stuff<br />
that’s too hard. I’ll also stay close <strong>by</strong> so if you need a break<br />
you can come over to me”. If after saying all that they are<br />
still adamant they don’t want to play we should respect<br />
that right. When they go of their own free will they develop<br />
a greater love of the game.<br />
Children provide adults with fantastic entertainment when<br />
they play sports. Some of the best sporting memories I have<br />
were of small matches I played as a child and underage<br />
games where I was a coach. <strong>The</strong>se games may seem really<br />
insignificant in the greater scheme of things but there was<br />
nothing small or insignificant about the effort the children<br />
gave or the satisfaction that the parents derived from these<br />
games. Sometimes we get so caught up in the future that<br />
we fail to see the brilliance or beauty of our children as they<br />
are at the moment. We keep thinking it’ll be great next year<br />
when he’s bigger and stronger. A parent once said “when<br />
my child was 3 I couldn’t wait for him to be six and when he<br />
was 6 I wished he was 12. When he was 12 I wished he was<br />
16 and now that he’s 16 I wish he was three”<br />
Sometimes we dream about reaching the Holy Grail but<br />
there is no Holy Grail. <strong>The</strong> players who win the All-Ireland<br />
final have to play with their clubs a couple of weeks later<br />
and the following year they are back training and preparing<br />
as though they never won anything. <strong>The</strong>re is great vibrancy<br />
in many club and county underage structures at present<br />
and we have never had as many people playing our games<br />
or seen the games at such a high standard. <strong>The</strong> work of a<br />
GAA or camogie club never stops though. In 10 years’ time<br />
these clubs will still need people to start off their under 6’s<br />
and 8’s. Even if clubs are struggling there is always a chance<br />
of a fresh start with the 6’s. <strong>The</strong> key is to try to stay in the<br />
moment.<br />
10
Self Determined<br />
<strong>Coaching</strong><br />
By John Murphy<br />
Importance of Motivation<br />
We all want to work with motivated players. <strong>The</strong>y generally<br />
work harder in training, take on greater responsibility<br />
for their own performances, strive for higher standards<br />
and perform better in games. In the past, motivation was<br />
often seen as coming directly from the coach to players,<br />
Al Pacino’s Any Given Sunday speech is a classic example<br />
while other coaches (or even players) have often been<br />
identified as great motivators. This form of motivation can,<br />
however, lose its’ impact over time. Paul O’Connell noted in<br />
his autobiography that he was constantly seeking out new<br />
ways opposition teams or the world in general had slighted<br />
him or Munster so he could use it to rouse players in a prematch<br />
team talk. This dependency on a coach, manager or<br />
captain to constantly motivate the team can also lead to<br />
players taking less ownership for their performances and a<br />
severe lack of leadership skills through the squad. In an ideal<br />
world, motivation to perform comes from within the player<br />
themselves; that constant journey to be better; to achieve<br />
more and to constantly improve is a far more sustainable<br />
form of motivation. We will outline some methods of how<br />
this can be developed in your group throughout this article.<br />
Types of Motivation<br />
Below are a few common types of motivation and examples<br />
of each.<br />
• Intrinsic Motivation: Comes from within the player<br />
themselves. Examples include a wing back trying to<br />
improve her side-line cut technique as she simply<br />
wants to be better at them or an U8 trying to complete<br />
5 quality roll lifts in a row for her own satisfaction.<br />
• Extrinsic Motivation: Comes from something external<br />
to the player. Examples include an intercounty player<br />
pushing themselves in training or matches with a view<br />
to winning an all-star or a younger player consistently<br />
going training due to a coach or parent rewarding<br />
them with sweets or other treats after training.<br />
• Controlled Motivation: Also comes from something<br />
external to the player and in a sense “forces” effort<br />
or commitment. Examples include monetary fines to<br />
players who arrive late to training or extra conditioning<br />
for mistakes during drills.<br />
• Amotivation: Is a lack of motivation in general on the<br />
part of the player. Often seen through a general lack of<br />
interest in <strong>Camogie</strong> whether it be playing, spectating<br />
or attending training.<br />
11
Self-Determination<br />
<strong>The</strong>ory (Overview)<br />
12<br />
Ideally we want to develop another form of motivation,<br />
Autonomous Motivation, in our players as this leads<br />
to them taking ownership of their own performance<br />
and development in the longer term. It also leads to a<br />
greater sense of satisfaction in players when they reach<br />
certain milestones, both as individual performers and as<br />
a collective group of players. Self-Determination <strong>The</strong>ory<br />
was developed <strong>by</strong> two renowned psychologists, Edward<br />
Deci & Richard Ryan, who spent many years looking at<br />
various forms of motivation to identify what combined the<br />
most effective performances, greater long-term persistence<br />
and most positive psychological health. <strong>The</strong> three basic<br />
psychological needs that must be met for optimal<br />
autonomous motivation are: autonomy, competence and<br />
relatedness.<br />
Autonomy<br />
Allowing players to have an element of autonomy or<br />
choice helps to build greater buy-in and ownership as<br />
they feel more involved in the decision-making aspect<br />
of their development. Giving players full responsibility<br />
for their own training schedule is simply not realistic and<br />
would often lead to too many conflicting wishes among<br />
an entire panel. It can also lead to too many “stronger”<br />
characters dominating the various decisions that are made<br />
to suit their own needs. Some simple strategies that can be<br />
implemented to include an element of choice or autonomy<br />
for players in a group are:<br />
• A questionnaire at the start of the season to determine<br />
the most suitable training days and times (7.30 or<br />
8pm? Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday or Wednesday,<br />
Friday, Sunday?).<br />
• Developing 3 to 4 different RAMP warm-ups that include<br />
the necessary skills of the game and allow players to<br />
choose which one they use for championship day.<br />
• Allow athletes to lead their own cool down or mobility<br />
routine with the exercises they feel most beneficial.<br />
• Allow some options in the gym programme where<br />
players can select their preferred option (such as front<br />
squat or trap bar deadlift as their core lower body lift;<br />
dumbbell or barbell bench press; etc.,).<br />
• Allowing players to create their own playlist for the<br />
dressing room or bus to matches.<br />
• Create their own list of preferred foods for after training<br />
or matches when a budget may allow for recovery meals.<br />
• Ask players to come up names or titles of various<br />
formations, individual positions/roles or in-game<br />
strategies (such as purple formation, orange formation,<br />
plus 1, etc.,)<br />
Competence<br />
This is the ability to do something successfully or efficiently<br />
and is task specific. It is important to note that feelings of<br />
competence can differ across sports and across skills within<br />
a sport. For example, a goalkeeper may have high levels of<br />
competence at shot stopping or striking over long distances<br />
but may have low competence at soloing or handpassing<br />
accurately. A player’s perception of their own level of<br />
competence, perceived competence, has a huge impact on<br />
how likely they are to try a new sport, remain involved in<br />
a new sport or even to try new things within a sport they<br />
currently play (such as a defender trying the forwards or<br />
vice versa). Female players consistently display lower levels<br />
of perceived competence than their male counterparts. This<br />
often leads to lower levels of enjoyment from sport and a
lower likelihood to try new sporting experiences. Highlighting<br />
players increased levels of competence or ability in <strong>Camogie</strong><br />
or specific skills within the game can hugely benefit their<br />
levels of perceived competence. Providing opportunities for<br />
players to notice their own levels of improvement through<br />
mini-assessments and through coaches feedback can lead to<br />
greater enjoyment and more openness to new experiences.<br />
Some strategies that can be incorporated to increase or<br />
highlight improvements in competence are:<br />
• Coaches praising effort. As we praise the effort a player<br />
makes they are more likely to focus on the longer<br />
process which leads to improvements in competence<br />
over time.<br />
• Feedback Sandwich. Highlighting strengths around<br />
areas for improvement helps to build a players<br />
confidence while still providing further areas to<br />
develop. E.g. “You rise the sliotar to a really nice height<br />
when taking a free, I’d like to see you follow through in the<br />
direction of the target but you have a very good grip on<br />
the hurl at full length”.<br />
• Design some skill-based stations that are available for<br />
players to get extra practice before and after training.<br />
Autonomy can also be incorporated here <strong>by</strong> asking<br />
players what skills they feel may need extra practice.<br />
• Celebrate notable improvements for individuals and<br />
the group.<br />
• Incorporate some ‘basic’ or ‘easy’ drills about once per<br />
week. This helps players feel they are successful at<br />
something. This is especially helpful when sandwiched<br />
<strong>by</strong> more complex skills or games as players can be<br />
reminded that they struggled with the current skills or<br />
drill when they first began and have now mastered it<br />
and the same can be done for the current skill.<br />
Relatedness<br />
Known as the state of being related or connected and can be<br />
a little bit harder to identify in a group. It’s often known as<br />
the unique bond between a group of players and may take<br />
quite a bit of time for groups to fully integrate with each<br />
other. This connection can be between the group of players,<br />
between the coach and players or between the players and<br />
the wider club/county community. A group of players that<br />
feel a closer bond derive greater enjoyment from success<br />
and are more supportive of each other when they lose. <strong>The</strong>y<br />
are also more likely to put in greater effort during matches<br />
and training, and make a greater effort to attend all team<br />
events. When players and coaches feel more connected they<br />
are likely to seek out honest feedback (in both directions),<br />
demand higher standards of each other and enjoy time<br />
spent at training. Players who feel more connected to their<br />
team and wider community also derive greater enjoyment<br />
from victory and are more likely to stay involved in the<br />
sport for a longer period of time, often well past when<br />
their playing careers have ended. Feelings of relatedness<br />
between players, coaches and the wider community tend to<br />
develop within interactions focused on showing interest in<br />
the players as individuals, their lives outside of the sport and<br />
learning what type of feedback they best respond to. Some<br />
strategies that can be used to develop relatedness among<br />
your group of players are:<br />
• Make time for players to connect during training<br />
sessions or when going to games. Having some food<br />
after training or games provides an opportunity for them<br />
to congregate and chat over tea, sandwiches, yogurt,<br />
etc.,<br />
• <strong>The</strong> shared playlist mentioned above for autonomy can<br />
also help players to connect over some shared interests<br />
in genres of music.<br />
• Playing internal games based on smaller regions of the<br />
town or parish can help to bond players together and<br />
with their wider community.<br />
• Ensuring you speak to all players once a fortnight about<br />
something not related to <strong>Camogie</strong>. School, college, their<br />
job or any other interests you discover they have.<br />
• Organising events that allow the players to bond as a<br />
group without a specific focus on <strong>Camogie</strong> such as a<br />
trip to a local beach, a local adventure centre, or a group<br />
fundraiser for the club or charity.<br />
Incorporating SDT In Your Own Way<br />
Many of the suggestions outlined above would suit my own<br />
philosophy and coaching style. If you wish to implement<br />
self-determination theory into your own coaching practices<br />
then it’s important that you trial some strategies that fit with<br />
your own style and methods. Some simple methods such as<br />
anonymous questionnaires to gather feedback from players<br />
helps them feel like they’re involved in the coaching process<br />
and therefore have greater autonomy. Identifying potential<br />
leaders in a leadership group and having them interact with a<br />
certain group of players, especially when integrating younger<br />
players into a panel can help to develop both relatedness and<br />
autonomy if they’re given specific responsibilities throughout<br />
the season. Focusing on certain skills or aspects of play and<br />
encouraging the team to ‘master’ these specific aspects also<br />
develops a higher level of perceived competence in their own<br />
ability and is likely to transfer to more confident performers.<br />
Focusing on aspects that are largely within the players own<br />
control also helps to develop higher levels of competence as<br />
opposed to winning matches, especially in younger players<br />
when mismatches in ability are more likely. Trialling your own<br />
strategies with an open mind and a willingness to adapt and<br />
evolve over time will lead to more bought-in, engaged and<br />
confident athletes who are likely to garner more enjoyment<br />
and stay involved in the sport for the longer term.<br />
13
Inspire to play,<br />
empower to stay<br />
By Peter Casey<br />
People form a lot of their opinions from the world of<br />
professional sports. <strong>The</strong>y often become fascinated<br />
with the idea of finding the next Rory McIlroy, Tiger<br />
Woods, Lionel Messi, Angela Downey and Gemma<br />
O’Connor. In my job – coaching in primary schools - we are<br />
often asked “who the next superstar is going to be?” or “I<br />
bet you can really spot the talented children”. <strong>The</strong> truth is<br />
that there is no way of predicting the future. Not alone is it<br />
a wasted exercise it is also a dangerous exercise. It leads to<br />
two things – elitism and exclusion.<br />
14<br />
A lot of papers and books have been written on the idea<br />
of nature versus nurture. While some can argue the point<br />
that good genetics are important, most articles suggest<br />
that opportunity is far more important. When we coach<br />
we shouldn’t discriminate between children. <strong>The</strong> primary<br />
school curriculum states that all activities must involve<br />
100% of the children 100% of the time. This enables<br />
every child to participate in all classes including Physical<br />
Education, where they play and learn. In a Primary school<br />
all children should get an equal opportunity. That could<br />
happen but there are always ways of causing exclusion –<br />
competitions, teams, captains etc.<br />
<strong>The</strong> things that cause exclusion to happen are usually really<br />
worthwhile activities that also cause so much good to<br />
happen. <strong>The</strong>y often reward effort and hard work, promote<br />
practice and devotion to improvement and help a group of<br />
children to feel part of something special. In small schools,<br />
a team can often consist of everyone in 5 th and 6 th class.<br />
That can be a really special where everyone is needed.<br />
However in larger schools, a team may only consist of a<br />
tiny percentage of the class. A lot of children are omitted<br />
because they are perceived not good enough.<br />
Fear plays a big role in the growth of elitism. People are<br />
often afraid that their talented players won’t develop<br />
properly if they are allowed to play with the “not so good<br />
ones”. Somehow, they feel it would be better to group<br />
these best players together so that they might improve at<br />
a faster rate. <strong>The</strong>re is a logic in that opinion especially for<br />
a sport like Gymnastics where they peak around 16 years<br />
of age. <strong>Camogie</strong> players should still be improving in their<br />
mid to late 20’s so there shouldn’t be a hurry. So many<br />
other sports plan their futures around the goal of winning<br />
an Olympic medal. <strong>The</strong>y set up high performance training<br />
programmes for an elite few in the hope that it may result in<br />
some success. <strong>The</strong>ir values are based on winning.<br />
<strong>The</strong> mission statement of the <strong>Camogie</strong> <strong>Association</strong> is “To<br />
provide opportunities to enjoy and play <strong>Camogie</strong> asa<br />
vibrant part of the Gaelic Games Family.” One of the main<br />
values of the <strong>Association</strong> is to “maximise participation”. We<br />
are an amateur organisation. We don’t need to find the next<br />
superstar because that isn’t part of our values system. Of all<br />
the children who join a GAA club an average 10% of those<br />
go on to play on their clubs first team. Of that 10%, 3%<br />
play senior inter county. It is a very small number and it will<br />
continue to be. If our main focus is on senior inter county,<br />
we exclude the vast majority of players. However when<br />
we commit ourselves to the development of the games in<br />
every school and club and endeavour to provide a games<br />
programme for all people who wish to play then we will fill<br />
our pitches the games will be healthier as a result.<br />
<strong>Camogie</strong> has huge potential for growth and while there are<br />
vibrant <strong>Camogie</strong> areas, there are also vast regions where<br />
little or no hurling or camogie is played. It doesn’t have<br />
to remain that way. In Co. Clare where I work a couple of<br />
new clubs like Kilkee/Belaha have established. While it is<br />
everyones dream in these clubs that one day they would<br />
become like Slaughtneil or Milford, there is a far bigger<br />
story being told because of the opportunity young children<br />
get from the existence of the club.<br />
Young people need to belong more today than ever before<br />
in the worlds history. <strong>The</strong>re is so much emphasis on the<br />
need to be famous in youth culture. Many teenagers don’t<br />
care what they are famous for as long as they are noticed.<br />
Most sporting organisations only target the most talented
players. In the USA nearly all people give up sport –American<br />
football, basketball, baseball, ice hockey- when they fail to<br />
reach a high level. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Camogie</strong> <strong>Association</strong> can offer an<br />
opportunity to all young people to belong, to be part of a<br />
group and to gain recognition <strong>by</strong> wearing the colours of a<br />
club or school. Many clubs are playing their part in reducing<br />
exclusion <strong>by</strong> fielding extra teams in competitions. <strong>The</strong><br />
youth of today need more of these outlets where they can<br />
feel comfortable playing without the pressure of having to<br />
be at the highest standard.<br />
Player develop at different rates. Development is nonlinear.<br />
That is why we see so many players emerging in their<br />
20’s who may have missed out on county minor or county<br />
under 21. Kilkenny’s Shane Prendergast got his first start in<br />
the 2015 All-Ireland final at the age of 29. Unfortunately<br />
many others have setbacks along the way, predict their<br />
own future and drop out from Sport completely. That is a<br />
choice that they are entitled to make. However as coaches<br />
we have a duty to minimise dropout <strong>by</strong> promoting inclusion<br />
wherever possible.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Swedish Football <strong>Association</strong> have come up with the<br />
slogan “as many as possible for as long as possible”. <strong>The</strong>y,<br />
according to the head of one of their regions, have taken<br />
the decision to abolish their “district elite” teams. “When<br />
we took this decision for the sake of the children, it was a<br />
very easy decision. Our mission is not to exclude children<br />
and young people”. <strong>The</strong>y discovered that bringing players<br />
into elite squads at an early age wasn’t always beneficial for<br />
that player. <strong>The</strong> same often applies to the GAA. Making a big<br />
deal about a 13 or 14 year old boy or girl, who still has a long<br />
way to go – physically, mentally and socially is a dangerous<br />
exercise. <strong>The</strong>se players shouldn’t be put up on a pedestal.<br />
We cannot predict what the future will hold for them.<br />
15
Coach Education<br />
& Continuous<br />
Learning<br />
By Paul O’Brien<br />
It is that time of the year where teams have put their<br />
plans in place for 2018 and hopefully a long season<br />
ahead. It is the time of good intentions and the best<br />
of ideas for what will unfold in the coming months<br />
before letting the excitement unfold over the summer. We<br />
lay out the best of plans and have great intentions but do<br />
we always follow them through to their culmination. We<br />
often hit stumbling blocks along the way and <strong>by</strong> god the<br />
stumbling blocks come in many forms.<br />
“Improvise, Adapt, Overcome” is a much lauded mantra of the<br />
US Marines. <strong>Coaching</strong> and managing teams is very much a<br />
case of this. Over the course of the next few months, things<br />
will not always go as planned and you will be presented<br />
with problems that need addressing. As a coach or manager<br />
you will need to be able to deal with situations differently to<br />
how you previously dealt with them and the same problem<br />
dealt with the same way could equally result in a different<br />
outcome.<br />
A mentor who is continuously looking to improve is likely<br />
to be best placed in dealing with the varying issues that<br />
present themselves in the coming months. Here are a few<br />
small ideas that could be beneficial to you in the next<br />
twelve months and could be the small percentages that we<br />
often hear are the difference between winning and losing.<br />
1 Formal Coach Education. While we all think we<br />
have a good understanding of what is required<br />
to be a successful coach or manager, there are so<br />
many elements and the <strong>Camogie</strong> coaching pathway<br />
provides the framework to get a solid understanding<br />
of the many aspects that are required to be a highly<br />
functional coach or manager.<br />
2 Keep a diary. It might sound very basic but it will<br />
help you in looking back at how things went during<br />
the year in training sessions or dealing with players.<br />
Be critical of yourself in it and challenge yourself on<br />
the smallest issues, thus allowing for their frequency<br />
to be reduced as the year progresses.<br />
3 Read a book. <strong>The</strong>re are many great sports books<br />
and other books out there that can help you in the<br />
functioning of your set up. <strong>The</strong>y don’t have to be<br />
camogie or even GAA books. Look into other arenas<br />
to see how things that are working there can be<br />
transferred into the meeting rooms, dressing rooms<br />
or <strong>Camogie</strong> fields to enable you to improve.<br />
4 <strong>Coaching</strong> workshops. Get to one or more of these,<br />
they are becoming far more frequent and are often<br />
poorly attended. I know the <strong>Camogie</strong> association are<br />
looking to run a number of these during the year, with<br />
some great and varied topics which looking at the<br />
tutors will be excellent. <strong>The</strong>re are also many others<br />
being run on the hurling side of things that can be<br />
easily transferable.<br />
16
5 Watching Games. Many times we watch sport we<br />
often disengage and just watch for the pieces of<br />
brilliance or the moments of suspense and drama.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is often way more in watching a football, rug<strong>by</strong><br />
or basketball match that can be transferable to our<br />
own code and can give us the chance to make a<br />
gain in a certain area <strong>by</strong> using a technique that has<br />
been successful in another sport, as primarily a lot<br />
of invasion team sports can learn massively of the<br />
thoughts of coaches in other codes.<br />
6 Training sessions. If you can endeavour to go<br />
and coach another age group in the club or do a<br />
session for a friend in another club. <strong>The</strong>re are certain<br />
differences within each team dynamic and being able<br />
to appreciate and understand these are critical to<br />
making subtle adjustments within your own team.<br />
7 Mentor Reviews. <strong>The</strong>se are often undertaken at the<br />
end of the year and are often shaped <strong>by</strong> the outcome<br />
of the last game of the season. Can you do them<br />
more regularly and at stages in the year when real<br />
substance can be taken from them? <strong>The</strong>y can be<br />
invaluable if done in an open and honest format.<br />
8 Coach mentoring. You would be surprised at the<br />
willingness of coaches within your club or even<br />
outside to come and assess what you are doing and<br />
give honest feedback on what they felt went well<br />
or not in a given match or training session. An open<br />
dialogue here is critical and massive learning can<br />
take place.<br />
So while at times we may just look to drive forward with<br />
our own ideas and personal views despite evidence that<br />
suggests it may not always be the best course of action. We<br />
are not dealing with the myriad of problems and struggles<br />
that the US Marines are dealing with but we can always look<br />
to use their mantra. “Improvise, Adapt, Overcome.”<br />
17
Goalkeeping is<br />
just different<br />
By Mark Cooney<br />
Goalkeeping is just different. Everyone says they’re<br />
crazy or they would be mad to play there in the first<br />
place. It’s more of a case of working under pressure,<br />
a different type of pressure. It’s about looking at the<br />
game in a different way.<br />
Whether it be picking out the slither to restart the attack or<br />
be the last player in line to save the shot, over the year’s<br />
goalkeeping has evolved and will keep doing so as the player<br />
demands get higher, quicker and faster.<br />
From been the shot stopping sliotar playing net minder to<br />
the now more inclusive role with new dynamics such as<br />
distribution, sweeping, positioning, and improved physical<br />
conditioning the role of goalkeeper would suggest moments<br />
of madness but ones to be calculated and focused.<br />
Over the last number of years goalkeepers Aoife Murray,<br />
Emma Kavanagh and Sarah Healy have been at the top of<br />
their game for many years along with many other goalkeepers<br />
around the country north and south east and west knowing<br />
the importance of their role in the teams attacking and<br />
defensive structures.<br />
For me personally it’s about doing the simple things well<br />
and the learnings they bring from scenarios in games and<br />
training, positive or negative.<br />
“Dam I forced that puckout, could I have went short’’<br />
“Could be a shot at goal here. Watch my post she is coming<br />
in on my right side, are the backs touch tight’’<br />
<strong>The</strong> fundamentals of shot stopping, hand eye co-ordination,<br />
aerial ability, game management, communication and safety<br />
are all components of the modern-day camogie or hurling<br />
goalkeeper not to mention speed and agility, sweeping and<br />
the puckout even in its simplicity must be practiced.<br />
It’s about the blend of all the above to maximise yourself<br />
on every aspect of the game.<br />
It’s countless hours on and off the field.<br />
Repetition, repetition, repetition.<br />
You need that mental toughness, that so called edge that<br />
supposedly makes you mad to play on the goal in the first<br />
place.<br />
<strong>The</strong>se are some of the self-talks or observations a goalkeeper<br />
may go through at any stage in a game which is no different to<br />
any other player further out the field in a position specific role.<br />
It makes sense now in the modern game for a goalkeeping unit<br />
to have a coach not only at county but even at club level even<br />
if it’s sporadic as it’s such a position specific role with different<br />
details of attention.<br />
18
<strong>The</strong> Assist &<br />
Challenge Model -<br />
More than a Technical<br />
<strong>Coaching</strong> Tool<br />
By Ross Corbett<br />
Games Based <strong>Coaching</strong> Model<br />
On the Level 2 camogie coaching course we talk<br />
about the Assist and Challenge Model (illustrated<br />
above) and how we can use this concept within<br />
our coaching to develop our players skills of the<br />
game. What we sometimes neglect is how we can use this<br />
model to develop much more than individual skills. Can we<br />
use the model to develop our environment, can we use it<br />
to develop as a team can we use this away from the field to<br />
help with a players physical or psychological development?<br />
I like to view all aspects of coaching and management as<br />
one big repeating cycle of the assist and challenge model.<br />
During Lockdown 1.0 we all became engrossed in “<strong>The</strong><br />
Last Dance”, to me the whole show screamed of assist and<br />
challenge. Was Phil Jackson constantly deciding whether<br />
there was assistance or challenge? Definitely not, but he<br />
allowed his on court leader to lead the process. Think of<br />
Michael Jordan and Steve Kerr, there was a lot of challenge<br />
and it worked for Steve Kerr who came up big to win the<br />
Chicago Bulls the 1997 championship game. Flip that on<br />
its head, Denis Rodman….. a lot of assistance from both<br />
coaches and players. In another Netflix documentary<br />
“Sir Alex Ferguson, Secrets of Success” Ryan Giggs talks<br />
about how he regrets responding particularly well to<br />
Fergusons “hair dryer” treatment(a challenge) in his early<br />
at Manchester United, in other scenes Cristiano Ronaldo<br />
speaks of Fergusons assisting approach in helping to<br />
develop him as player and a person. Assist and challenge in<br />
management? Absolutely.<br />
In Bernard Brogans book “<strong>The</strong> Hill” he describes a scene<br />
where he is working on video analysis clips with Paul<br />
Mannion in the lead up to the 2019 All Ireland Final.<br />
Bernard is pointing out types of runs and elements of<br />
positioning that he thinks Paul can add to his armory. In<br />
another scene Bernard describes a discussion with Eoghan<br />
O Gara before an in-house game prior to the 2019 All<br />
Ireland Final. Eoghan and Bernard lay down the challenge<br />
to each other to make one last push to reclaim their places<br />
on the 26-man squad. Bernard was not the only one taking<br />
this approach, other examples arise of Jonny Cooper and<br />
Kevin McManamon laying down the challenge to a group<br />
or individual or assisting another along the way. Be it<br />
consciously or subconsciously, had Jim Gavin facilitated<br />
assist and challenge in team building or group culture?<br />
Absolutely.<br />
19
When we think about linking these examples to our coaching/<br />
management scenario, the possibilities are endless.<br />
Take video analysis for example, can we create occasions<br />
of assist and challenge here? Absolutely. <strong>The</strong> challenge can<br />
be can we cause X turnovers inside our attacking 45, we<br />
can “fuel the will” <strong>by</strong> making this our challenge. To assist<br />
the team members in meeting the challenge maybe this<br />
requires additional focus on opposition puck outs, work<br />
rate/ tackle count of our inside forwards, support from our<br />
half forwards and so on. This whole process may not happen<br />
exclusively as a group of course, maybe there are some 5<br />
minute 1 on 1 coaching opportunities where a particular<br />
element is assisted be that in reading the goalkeeper or<br />
tackling technique. For other players this 1 on 1 might look<br />
like greater challenge regarding tackle count or turnovers.<br />
We can also view the whole realm of strength & conditioning<br />
as assist and challenge. Some weeks we train harder for<br />
longer or lift heavier in the gym, other weeks we train at<br />
lower intensities or volumes…. the assist and challenge<br />
model wheel is constantly turning.<br />
This is before we even consider the application of the<br />
model in our technical sessions as a means of technical and<br />
tactical development individually and team wise. Maybe<br />
you are moving through this model on a day-to-day basis.<br />
If not, maybe the model is something to think about away<br />
from as well as on the field of play.<br />
<strong>The</strong> simple corridor conversation on game week can easily<br />
be framed as an opportunity for assistance or challenge.<br />
Think of the player coming of the back of an excellent<br />
performance the week before, can she be subtly challenged<br />
to take her performance to another level again <strong>by</strong> a simple<br />
question or comment? On the other hand, can a girl who has<br />
struggled last week be assisted through a simple comment<br />
or discussion regarding her next opponent?<br />
20
<strong>The</strong> Importance<br />
of Trust<br />
By Anna Marie<br />
McCarthy<br />
As coaches we are always on the lookout for ways<br />
to make our teams more successful, but success<br />
can be defined in a variety of ways; winning<br />
championships, attracting new players, retaining<br />
current players or creating a cohesive team environment.<br />
Jowett (2005) explains that one factor that contributes to<br />
team success is trust and that lack of lack of trust can affect<br />
a team’s focus, performance, and contribute to the loss of a<br />
player’s confidence in the team, the coach, and one another.<br />
<strong>The</strong>refore, whether we are coaching children or adults,<br />
county teams or social camogie, we need to develop trust.<br />
coach. However, it’s important to remember that we are all<br />
human so will make mistakes and that’s’ ok too. When we<br />
make the inevitable mistakes, like forgetting the jerseys or<br />
arriving late to an important match warm-up we just need to<br />
take a few minutes to accept responsibility and apologise.<br />
Admitting to mistakes can be difficult as it makes us feel<br />
vulnerable, but it can be this vulnerability that helps us to<br />
build stronger relationships with our players.<br />
For coaches of juvenile players, the <strong>Camogie</strong> <strong>Association</strong>’s<br />
Code of Behaviour for players, coaches and parents, clearly<br />
lays out the what each party has the right to expect and the<br />
responsibility to do within their clubs.<br />
How to Build Trust<br />
Communicate your vision for the team<br />
A clear vision for the teams’ future lets them know the<br />
direction in which the team is heading. When coaches<br />
create measurable goals with the team, players can have<br />
an input in and understand what is expected of them and<br />
what they can expect from the coach. Some examples of<br />
goals are listed below:<br />
• To be promoted at the end of the season<br />
• To improve the puck out won/lost ratio <strong>by</strong> 15% <strong>by</strong> the<br />
start of the season<br />
• To improve player’s basic camogie skills<br />
• To ensure that every player gets meaningful playing<br />
time in matches<br />
• For players to have fun during training sessions<br />
• For players to have improved their physical fitness<br />
Defining Roles and Responsibilities<br />
If we are to build trust, we first need to be clear on what<br />
players can expect from us and what we expect from them. It<br />
can be as simple as letting the team know that you’ll always<br />
be planned, prepared and on time or early for training and<br />
matches. Or it may be more detailed, explaining the roles<br />
of the head coach, goalkeeper coach, selectors and S and C<br />
21
Building Confidence<br />
Players need to have confidence that the coach will help<br />
them develop their skills and tactics. Coaches who give<br />
players specific feedback, which is either positive or aimed<br />
at helping them improve, arm them with confidence in<br />
what they are already doing or advice to improve without<br />
embarrassing or demeaning them. Examples of this include:<br />
• Sophie, that was a great catch, you had your eyes on<br />
the ball and protected your hand with your hurley<br />
• Aoibhe, that was a brilliant catch, it was a pity Destiny<br />
was able to hook your strike. What could you have<br />
done to avoid being hooked?<br />
Trust your own decisions and your players within matches.<br />
Often we can become nervous when a match starts off<br />
badly and question our well thought out decisions about<br />
player positions or tactics. But sometimes we just need to<br />
give the players time to settle into the game, particularly<br />
if you are trying a new tactic or have moved a player to an<br />
unfamiliar position. This can be hard to do, especially if you<br />
are hearing criticism from the sidelines or your co-coaches<br />
are also becoming nervous. Think about why you made<br />
those decisions, encourage the players and remember that<br />
if you don’t give the player or tactic a chance you won’t<br />
know if it would have worked or not. That’s not to say that<br />
there are times that you will need to make changes during<br />
a match but try to ensure that you’re making them for the<br />
right reasons and not because you are feeling pressured<br />
into it <strong>by</strong> spectators.<br />
Broken Trust<br />
Probably the most important thing to remember is, once<br />
broken, trust can be extremely hard to win back. For<br />
example, when a player who has missed several training<br />
sessions, for no apparent reason, is named in the starting<br />
15 it can break the trust between the team and the coach. It<br />
tells players that it doesn’t matter if they turn up to training<br />
or not, or worse, that it’s only important for some but not for<br />
others. To try to avoid these situations, coaches can attempt<br />
to predict issues like this pre-season and include the team<br />
in deciding how they should be handled when they arise.<br />
Best of luck with next season and remember to trust in<br />
yourself as well as your team.<br />
Team Building<br />
Effective team building exercises can raise the levels of<br />
cohesion which Carron et al. (1998) define as “a dynamic<br />
process which is reflected in the tendency for a group<br />
to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its<br />
goals.” It can be particularly important when players are<br />
transitioning from one age group to another or from minor<br />
to senior.<br />
Team building can occur both in an organic (coming from<br />
behind to win a close game) or manufactured (organised<br />
activity) way, but the key ingredient is authenticity.<br />
Painting the clubhouse can be just as beneficial as the team<br />
weekend away as long as there is unity of purpose and<br />
‘buy-in’ from all stakeholders. Giving the players autonomy<br />
<strong>by</strong> involving them in all or some aspects of planning the<br />
activity can help to achieve this ‘buy in.’<br />
22
<strong>The</strong> Power of<br />
Habits<br />
By Peter Casey<br />
I am your constant companion.<br />
I am your greatest helper or heaviest burden.<br />
I will push you onward or drag you down to failure.<br />
I am completely at your command.<br />
Half of the things you do you might as well turn over<br />
to me and I will do them - quickly and correctly.<br />
I am easily managed - you must be firm with me.<br />
Show me exactly how you want something done<br />
and after a few lessons, I will do it automatically.<br />
I am the servant of great people, and alas, of all<br />
failures as well.<br />
Those who are great, I have made great.<br />
Those who are failures, I have made failures.<br />
I am not a machine though I work with the precision<br />
of a machine plus the intelligence of a person.<br />
You may run me for profit or run me for ruin - it<br />
makes no difference to me.<br />
Take me, train me, be firm with me, and I will place<br />
the world at your feet.<br />
Be easy with me and I will destroy you.<br />
Who am I? I am Habit”.<br />
This poem teaches us the power of habits. Everything<br />
we do is learned. From the way we stand and sit to<br />
the way we walk and talk, to how we run, jump, kick,<br />
strike, look, listen. <strong>The</strong> way we react to success and<br />
failure. Most people are distinguishable <strong>by</strong> their habits.<br />
We can recognise most singers on the radio <strong>by</strong> their voice,<br />
even when they sing a brand new song. We can recognise<br />
individual hurlers and camogie players <strong>by</strong> the way they<br />
carry themselves on a field. Even if they get a new hairstyle<br />
or wear a different helmet they are distinguishable <strong>by</strong> their<br />
own unique style and while some people can copy them,<br />
they can never be them.<br />
One of the biggest coaching tasks is to help players form<br />
good habits. We get our best chance to do this when<br />
players are young. In order to help players form good habits<br />
we need to have good knowledge of technical, physical and<br />
the mental habits that players require to perform well. We<br />
help players identify what their habits are and why they<br />
may need to break old habits or form new ones. Our bad<br />
habits are generally what let us down when we come under<br />
pressure. As coaches we should be aware of our own habits<br />
and how we can change them when the need arises.<br />
William Wordsworth said that “habits rule the unreflecting<br />
herd”. We often hear that we are creatures of habit and that<br />
when we come under pressure we revert to type. That means<br />
we do the thing we have done previously. Great coaches<br />
can help players to replace harmful and wasteful habit’s<br />
with effective habits. So what are the harmful habits and<br />
what can we do to replace them? <strong>The</strong> most harmful habit<br />
in the world today is the idea that we are helpless. Martin<br />
Seligman the great American psychologist has coined the<br />
phrase “learned helplessness”. Learned helplessness is<br />
when we get put off <strong>by</strong> early failures in our lives and we<br />
believe that there is nothing we can do when faced with<br />
challenges in the future.<br />
23
<strong>The</strong> ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu said that our<br />
thoughts become our words, our words become our<br />
actions and then our actions become our habits. What we<br />
think and how we think is vital to the formation of habits.<br />
Henry Ford said “Whether you think you can, or you think<br />
you can’t – you’re right,” If a child thinks that they will never<br />
be able to master a skill of hurling, then they won’t be able<br />
to master it. If they think they can they will. If a coach thinks<br />
a child will never be any good, it is likely that message will<br />
transmit to the child and the coach will be proven right. If<br />
a community believes that their area will never be good at<br />
camogie or hurling, it will be impossible for the games to<br />
thrive. However if a few people could think that their club<br />
could produce good hurlers, start saying it and then put it<br />
into action <strong>by</strong> organising training sessions, communicating<br />
with others in the parish and beyond, attending coaching<br />
courses and teaching good habits to children then hurling<br />
and camogie should succeed.<br />
I recently had the pleasure of sitting down with a successful<br />
rug<strong>by</strong> coach in the hope of developing my own coaching.<br />
<strong>The</strong> thing that struck me very early in the conversation<br />
was that he was the complete opposite of helpless. He<br />
didn’t utter a negative word. He only spoke about instilling<br />
belief in players and fellow coaches, making training an<br />
enjoyable and hardworking place and avoiding outdated<br />
practices that are not relevant to the game the players play.<br />
In the GAA family we can easily be in a state of learned<br />
helplessness. We can believe that we are powerless and<br />
unable to fend for ourselves. We can live in the illusion<br />
that other people are to blame for our failures. Everyone<br />
can get it from the administrators in Croke Park, to the<br />
county boards, the media, referees and umpires. Many<br />
of us devote a huge amount of time to blaming things<br />
that are way beyond our control. We often hear people<br />
complaining that “the coach doesn’t like me, he never<br />
picks me”, “the referee is biased” and “everyone hates<br />
us”. Very often children receive feedback in their homes<br />
and communities that they are hard done <strong>by</strong>. This leads to<br />
learned helplessness. <strong>The</strong> child grows up with an excuse<br />
for everything.<br />
Coaches can have a huge impact on the lives of people in<br />
a community. <strong>The</strong> interaction between coaches and players<br />
can help these people to develop lifelong skills that they<br />
can use in all walks of life. <strong>The</strong> biggest skill we can teach<br />
our players is resilience. We teach them resilience <strong>by</strong><br />
empowering them. We empower them <strong>by</strong> giving away some<br />
of our power. We teach them that we trust them to make<br />
decisions, to cope under pressure and not alone to survive<br />
but to flourish.<br />
<strong>The</strong> final word to the coach I met recently - “sport doesn’t<br />
build character, it tests it”.<br />
<strong>The</strong> opposite of learned helplessness is resilience.<br />
Resilience is a great habit. Resilience means that when bad<br />
stuff happens I can cope. A referee can make a mistake and<br />
we can still win. A coach may decide not to pick me and I<br />
can use it as a learning opportunity. Resilient people do not<br />
need to be served. Coaches should do their utmost to help<br />
players learn resilience. This might start <strong>by</strong> always getting<br />
them to put out and pick up cones, count balls before and<br />
after training and provide opportunities for them to deal<br />
with success and small failures.<br />
24
Ditch the<br />
Drills<br />
By Paul O’Brien<br />
A quick google search for the definition of the term “drill”<br />
comes up with the following;<br />
1. ‘Instruction or training in military exercises’<br />
2. ‘Intensive instruction or training in something, typically<br />
<strong>by</strong> means of repeated exercises’<br />
3. ‘A rehearsal of the procedure to be followed in an<br />
emergency’<br />
Now for years the language around training has been about<br />
drills, drills, drills. I do not see why a GAA field in the country<br />
needs to be doing anything with the above definitions.<br />
<strong>Camogie</strong> is an expressive, free and exciting game. We do not<br />
want to completely curb the creativity of our sport, we want<br />
to be able to allow our players to fully express themselves<br />
and showcase their craft and skill.<br />
Drills do not help to build creativity and they actually<br />
curtail decision making capabilities as the decision making<br />
process is removed from them as the coach (I use that term<br />
loosely in this instance) is making all of the decisions for<br />
them with the regimented exercise. We need a situation<br />
where exercises are laid out and at various stages in an<br />
exercise that the player is faced with a choice to make and<br />
she chooses one or the other, it might even be that she is<br />
faced with a myriad of choices and decides to go with one<br />
that leads her down a specific path.<br />
25
• Skill Performance Exercise – based on the way the<br />
game goes give players the chance to try out a skill<br />
they did not perform well in the game. (10 mins)<br />
• Game – with a condition which tries to get the skill<br />
that was originally lacking to be performed better.<br />
(10 mins)<br />
• Skill Performance Exercise – what was lacking the<br />
second time around in the game is focused on here.<br />
(10 mins)<br />
• Game – <strong>The</strong> game is played again and hopefully<br />
the two areas which where focused on in the skill<br />
performance exercises have seen improvement. (10<br />
mins)<br />
That is a simple way of running a session but it does require<br />
you to be able to think on your feet and set up a skill<br />
performance exercise in limited time based on what is not<br />
going well in the game situations.<br />
Drills look nice and they can appear slick, as the skills<br />
are being performed in a format which is uncontested<br />
and is purely about skill execution. Many coaches<br />
pride themselves on elaborate drills which are like<br />
choreographed ballet sets but this isn’t camogie, camogie<br />
is about making mistakes and recovering from them. As<br />
a coach if you are comfortable in your own skin and you<br />
believe in what you are doing, don’t be fooled <strong>by</strong> flashy<br />
drills, be comfortable with mistakes galore occurring in<br />
your training session and phases of play breaking down,<br />
with the players ending up learning something different to<br />
what you originally intended.<br />
You are probably tired of hearing about the requirement for<br />
games based training and that drills are outdated. I would<br />
provide the following as a possible manner in which to<br />
approach a training session which will cater for the skills of<br />
the game and any amount of games based activities.<br />
• Warm Up – Ball based, ball to a player, focus on<br />
exploration of the skills and trying new things,<br />
multiple touches and warming the body for the<br />
game of camogie (10 mins)<br />
• Game – Limited rules just playing the game, small<br />
sided with possibly two games going ahead, which<br />
means four teams, so opportunity for three different<br />
games playing each of the other teams. (10 mins)<br />
You may well feel uncomfortable with this manner of a<br />
training session as it puts yourself out there for ridicule if<br />
you make up an exercise on the spot and it doesn’t work<br />
as intended. DON’T WORRY!!!! In a society where we are<br />
often tricked <strong>by</strong> the flashy new edition or the automated<br />
activities, we are starting to put ourselves out there less in<br />
terms of creativity and taking a chance. <strong>The</strong> training field<br />
should be place where you feel comfortable to try things<br />
and provide a way for girls to try things in an environment<br />
that welcomes mistakes and cherishes them. We can’t do<br />
this with drills which are, ‘Intensive instruction or training in<br />
something, typically <strong>by</strong> means of repeated exercises’<br />
“We are starting to<br />
put ourselves out<br />
there less in terms of<br />
creativity and taking<br />
a chance.”<br />
26
<strong>Coaching</strong> Pests<br />
By Liam Moggan<br />
It’s not today nor yesterday that I cycled from Ballygaddy<br />
Road Tuam to Griffith Avenue Dublin to meet Bro.<br />
Seamus Crowe for my first teaching job. Tom Lane had<br />
set off earlier in his lorry with other paraphernalia and<br />
dropped them at my brothers flat in Rathmines. I remember<br />
the exact spot where I met him on his return journey. He<br />
beeped. I waved. He beeped more. I waved more. Jaysus, the<br />
excitement of it!<br />
<strong>The</strong> cycle was no bother. I was in my mid-twenties. I was as<br />
fit as a butcher’s dog. I wanted to do it. <strong>The</strong> three-speed bike<br />
with the back carrier, the 130 miles, the hours in the saddle<br />
are not principle parts of the story of that heaven-sent day.<br />
Seeing Tom hang out of the lorry and watching Bro. Crowe<br />
laugh in disbelief are incidents beyond my words, but I’ll<br />
never forget them.<br />
<strong>The</strong> real story is that on that day a seed was planted to cycle<br />
that journey in the opposite direction. I’d set out from Dublin,<br />
cross the country and pedal joyfully down the final 250m of<br />
Ballygaddy Road. That’s the real story of that day. A dream<br />
about another day was created. A process was triggered.<br />
So what’s all this got to do with coaching? A lot really.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re’s a dream within all of us. A passion, a goal, a desire<br />
to do something deeply personal. It rests there out of view,<br />
waiting for a nudge, waiting for encouragement, waiting to<br />
be released. Waiting for a coach. Dreams never go away.<br />
Every child, every adult is a dreamer. <strong>The</strong>y wait, wait for an<br />
invitation, for a moment, for a chance to make their dream<br />
a reality. Coaches are perfectly placed to tap into fertile<br />
minds. <strong>Coaching</strong> is about helping people transform private<br />
dreams out into the open.<br />
Coaches can be PESTs. <strong>The</strong>y can plan, encourage, support<br />
and give time, time. Coaches are in a privileged position to<br />
execute complex skills. It’s not a role handed to everyone or<br />
made for everyone. It has responsibilities. It has challenges.<br />
Like an old record I repeat the mantra that ‘we coach people,<br />
not sport’. People are the medium ; sport the distraction.<br />
<strong>The</strong> coach who plans, encourages, supports and gives time,<br />
time is a jewel in any club. <strong>The</strong>y are PESTs of a powerful,<br />
potent kind. <strong>The</strong>y can unearth talent and help develop and<br />
sustain it. I thought I knew what talent was. I looked for<br />
criteria and matched them to a protype that allowed the<br />
talent label be attached. Now I’m not too sure what talent is.<br />
Talent is as much about luck as anything else. Given<br />
encouragement, support and time, most dreams take care<br />
of themselves. Talent is often the good fortune of meeting<br />
someone who offers you the opportunity to play, to enjoy,<br />
to practice, to improve, to take measured steps towards your<br />
dream. Not their dream. Talented players are all around us.<br />
It’s our challenge to unfurl their potential.<br />
I’ve been lucky to meet significant people at significant times.<br />
<strong>The</strong>y helped me progress along a path I was loitering around.<br />
<strong>The</strong>y were PESTs who encouraged, supported and patiently<br />
planned my time as well as their own. Are any of us talented?<br />
Or are we lucky to meet the right people at the right time?<br />
A quarter of a century later the call of Ballygaddy Road still<br />
bellowed. A trip was planned. Cycling into Mountbellew I got<br />
very hungry and very weak. A woman who had closed her<br />
coffee shop for the day gave me two left-over scones. Those<br />
raisin-less scones powered me over the final sixteen miles.<br />
That day she was my Coach, the right person at the right time.<br />
I relied on her. She may or may not have known about cycling,<br />
but she came up trumps with what I needed. When we nail<br />
it, we nail it, for that moment at least! Be a PEST. Tap into<br />
someone’s dream and enjoy many exciting coaching days.<br />
Miles to Run and Promises to Keep<br />
27
Retention is the<br />
Name of the Game<br />
By Mickey Quigg<br />
What is retention and why is it Important?<br />
Simply put, players who get nothing out of playing the<br />
game, will quit. We shouldn’t expect players to participate<br />
in something, which doesn’t positively impact their life.<br />
Retention should not just be viewed as the same twenty girls<br />
you had the previous season coming back into the team.<br />
Retention should be observed as retaining girls through<br />
difficult age grades, sport having a positive effect on their<br />
lives, new players joining and older players coming back. <strong>The</strong><br />
Women’s Sports Foundation’s report “Her Life Depends On It<br />
III” examined data from over 1,500 studies that demonstrate<br />
the importance of sport and physical activity for women<br />
and young girls. <strong>The</strong> report found that, staying active and<br />
participating in physical activity can prevent chronic diseases<br />
such as obesity and heart disease, and lower rates of<br />
substance abuse. Furthermore, girls will have better mental<br />
health, higher self-image and confidence levels, improved<br />
teamwork and communication skills, increased graduation<br />
rates, and leadership skills that can lead to achievement<br />
opportunities in school and at work.<br />
This can come down to many factors: perhaps the trainings<br />
and matches are too competitive and winning focused –<br />
they are put under too much pressure to perform rather<br />
than enjoy the sport. On the flip side, perhaps your players<br />
are training hard and not being rewarded with game time.<br />
Remember, every player develops at different rates. Brian<br />
Fenton (2018, 2020 Footballer of the Year) of Dublin GAA<br />
didn’t play County Minor until his last year. Orla O’Dwyer<br />
who currently plays AFL for Brisbane didn’t make the<br />
Tipperary County <strong>Camogie</strong> team or Ladies Football team<br />
until she was 18. Every player needs to be treated equally<br />
and fairly – and given as many opportunities as possible to<br />
develop - if they leave the sport at 14 their development<br />
stops there.<br />
Why do players leave?<br />
Before we look at retaining players, we need to understand<br />
why females leave sport, particularly within a GAA/<br />
<strong>Camogie</strong> context. Current research on female youth reveals<br />
that having fun, keeping fit, and being with friends are key<br />
motivators for female youth PA participation. Other studies<br />
have shown that internal factors such as confidence,<br />
pressure, embarrassment, or negative self-belief, lack of<br />
female role models, and other hobbies or commitments that<br />
result in a lack of time or preference for sport are the main<br />
barriers for female youth (Farmer. 2018:112). Work and<br />
School commitments can sometimes play a part – however<br />
the main barriers to girls leaving sport can majority of the<br />
time come down to not enjoying the sport or having fun.<br />
28
Success Indicators<br />
Every coach wants their team to be successful – but what<br />
constitutes a successful year shouldn’t be defined <strong>by</strong><br />
winning or losing the Championship. Whether you coach<br />
U6 or Senior, every coach’s aim for their team should<br />
be enjoyment, the development and improvement of<br />
skills, gaining friendships and developing meaningful<br />
relationships, and learning positive life lessons. If we are<br />
conscious of these success indicators our team’s level of<br />
retention will always be high.<br />
Soft Learning<br />
To develop close bonds and emotional relationships,<br />
coaches should observe how they coach and not just what<br />
they coach. Play a game, make it fun, use your imagination<br />
– those are the training activities players will remember.<br />
Consider organising a team bonding day - relationships<br />
between team members are essential on and off the<br />
pitch. So, too, is the relationship between coach and team<br />
member. Are you putting the person before the player?<br />
Coaches should know each player <strong>by</strong> name, encourage them<br />
with positive feedback and praise, and take notice of the<br />
effort - as opposed to only the outcome. Get to know your<br />
players as an individual – every player needs a different<br />
approach to get the best out of them. Some need a pat on<br />
the back while others need more constructive criticism.<br />
Communicate and observe your players. Take note of what<br />
they are passionate about and interested in, and use this to<br />
relate to them.<br />
Culture is created when values are implemented<br />
consistently. Respect, value, and communication must be<br />
at the forefront of every session. If you are able to involve<br />
a few of these suggestions, you will be establishing an<br />
environment that promotes positivity and security, which<br />
is necessary for development and learning – and this is<br />
where a sense of enjoyment, motivation and satisfaction is<br />
fostered.<br />
Technical <strong>Coaching</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong> technical aspects of your coaching, in order to ensure<br />
that players enjoy the training, should include players<br />
feeling challenged – and this means games and activities<br />
appropriate to the skill level of the team. In simple terms,<br />
players get better from more touches of the ball. Those<br />
players that practice the most develop their skills to a higher<br />
level. Trainings should reflect this - plenty of ball work<br />
should be incorporated while queues or lines of 6 players<br />
should be non-existent. Games and games-based scenarios<br />
in training involve more decision making, the application of<br />
skills in a pressured environment - and enjoyment too.<br />
Reflection, Education and Research<br />
<strong>The</strong> best coaches never stop learning. <strong>The</strong>y are asking<br />
questions and gaining more knowledge to become the best<br />
coach they can be. <strong>The</strong>re are so many elements of being a<br />
highly functional coach and the <strong>Camogie</strong> coaching pathway<br />
29
provides the framework to get a solid understanding of<br />
this. Every coach should have their Foundation or Level 1<br />
<strong>Coaching</strong> Qualification, and there are numerous workshops<br />
both online and in-person now across counties that are<br />
worth signing up for – always bring a diary with you for<br />
notes too. Education is important, but you can always do<br />
your own research too. Research doesn’t need to be always<br />
reading books; it can be looking at resources on camogie.ie,<br />
it can be watching and taking notes from YouTube clips, or<br />
it can be going to watch matches or training sessions. Find<br />
a coach from another club and ask if you can observe their<br />
training session or ask someone else to come and watch<br />
your training with a fresh set of eyes. Never be afraid of<br />
feedback - sometimes all you need is an open dialogue of<br />
what went well and what could be improved. Take time after<br />
every session to reflect on your own effort, performance<br />
and preparation as a coach and have the most positive<br />
effect that you can.<br />
Reflection – Post Training.<br />
- Was I prepared? (When you are organised and<br />
structured before the session starts)<br />
- Did I compliment and encourage every girl <strong>by</strong> name?<br />
(Players feed off encouragement and will strive to get<br />
better and develop)<br />
- Did I take time to talk to the players outside of a<br />
sporting context? (Players feel valued)<br />
- Was the session enjoyable and fun? (Was the session<br />
game related? Was there a fun game for five minutes<br />
at the start or end?)<br />
Conclusion<br />
As coaches, we are in a privileged position to help people<br />
and players reach their potential – we help them develop<br />
a love for the sport and promote active lifestyles, a sense<br />
of community, and friendships through physical activity.<br />
Farmer (2018:110) notes that “Negative relationships with<br />
coaches promote drop-out from the sport, or participants<br />
are less likely to stay engaged. This is depicted with one<br />
student stating, “if there’s a really mean coach, I’d probably<br />
stop the sport because they’d give out to you”, with<br />
another participant’s reason for disengaging as, “too much<br />
competitiveness amongst girls”.”<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is no bigger compliment as a coach than players who<br />
are running through the gate to join training. “As coaches, it<br />
is our job to teach, of course, but if retention is the goal, it is<br />
also our job to ensure that each player actively wants to play<br />
the game” (Mullan:2021). If you can take one small aspect<br />
of this article and tie it into your own sessions, or even if it<br />
only gives you something to think about and reflect on –<br />
we’ll call that a success. Remember if you have no players<br />
staying involved, you’ve no team to coach – ‘Retention Is<br />
<strong>The</strong> Name Of <strong>The</strong> Game’.<br />
References<br />
https://womenandsport.ca/resources/case-studies/<br />
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327091033_<br />
Enhancing_the_Evidence-Base_for_Irish_Female_Youth_<br />
Participation_in_Physical_Activity_-_<strong>The</strong>_Development_<br />
of_the_’Gaelic_for_Girls’_Programme<br />
https://activeforlife.com/why-girls-quit-sports/<br />
Women’s Sports Foundation’s report “Her Life Depends<br />
On It III”<br />
https://activeforlife.com/why-girls-quit-sports/<br />
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/retaining-girls-insports_b_7971912<br />
30
“Let them Play”<br />
By Paul O’Brien<br />
Remembering back to my primary school days,<br />
I cannot remember much of the specific Irish,<br />
English or Maths classes. I do remember after<br />
school hurling in the yard, lunch time hurling in<br />
the field, indoor hurling with a holey sliotar in the hall and<br />
then games we played at yard time that were of our own<br />
creation, playing with a half crushed drinks can or whatever<br />
was available to spark our imagination. That activity was all<br />
supervised <strong>by</strong> an adult but they allowed activity to flourish<br />
without interfering and putting adult constraints on them.<br />
Kids play out on the road with not an adult in sight and<br />
they make up their own games, create rules, break rules<br />
and change the rules. <strong>The</strong>y laugh, they smile and they have<br />
fun playing the likes of heads & volleys, kerbs, kick the can,<br />
World Cup. Whatever the game, they play it, enjoy it, get<br />
better and learn. <strong>The</strong> point is that kids want to play and do<br />
activities which bring them joy <strong>by</strong> allowing them to explore<br />
their imagination and become something more than they<br />
might appear.<br />
Now this isn’t the case in every camogie session throughout<br />
the country but I’ve often watched “coaches” deliver<br />
sessions that could conceivably be completed <strong>by</strong> robots,<br />
following instructions as laid out <strong>by</strong> the “coach”. Go to point<br />
A and do activity X, then move to point B and do activity Y.<br />
Why are some coaches trying to quench the imagination<br />
of children <strong>by</strong> making them follow dull instructions to<br />
conduct pointless drills, drills to improve skills in a manner<br />
that may never be transferable to a game situation.<br />
Kids want to play, so why not let them play. Run your<br />
session in a manner that allows children to have fun and<br />
play. Allow them to carry out the skills of the game, the<br />
many wonderful skills of our great game. Girls are coming<br />
to camogie training for a number of reasons, two of the key<br />
ones are to enjoy the game of camogie and to play with<br />
their friends. So let them do that. Do activities with the girls<br />
that allow them to have fun.<br />
Many of you are saying that if they just play games they<br />
will not improve as players and their skills will not develop.<br />
But here is where your role as a coach is important. <strong>The</strong> real<br />
duties of a coach is to enable the girls to improve as players<br />
so they can don the club colours and pit themselves against<br />
their counterparts from other parts of the county or country.<br />
<strong>The</strong> coach needs to create an environment where the girls<br />
are challenged with a chaotic yet comfortable environment<br />
which allows them to develop their various skills; camogie<br />
specific skills and game sense skills. How do you do this?<br />
Can you just “let them play”, set out games which allow them<br />
to use their capabilities to solve problems and scenarios.<br />
When they are struggling to deal with a scenario you need<br />
to point them in the right direction but allow them to steer<br />
themselves. Do not overburden them with adult language<br />
and restrictions.<br />
Can you be a coach who understands when to give exact<br />
directions to the destination and when you can allow the<br />
girl to get lost and try a number of different routes to get<br />
to the destination? Can you assist them <strong>by</strong> identifying the<br />
problems in skill execution or making game decisions, then<br />
know how to impart this knowledge. And if you need to say<br />
nothing, then say nothing because the girls will play on<br />
their own without you. Let them do it, just “let them play”.<br />
31
<strong>The</strong> balancing<br />
act of coaching<br />
By Peter Casey<br />
“A coach is a person who builds competencies<br />
<strong>by</strong> assisting and challenging players and self to<br />
achieve full potential”<br />
I first saw a similar version of the above quote at a GAA<br />
coaching conference back in 2004 presented <strong>by</strong> Pat Daly.<br />
15 years later and it plays such a huge part in my coaching<br />
life. Part of our coaching roles includes teaching hurling and<br />
camogie in primary schools. Every single child has unknown<br />
potential. As a coach we can suppress or release that<br />
potential <strong>by</strong> our thoughts, words, actions and behaviours.<br />
Our main job is to build competencies. Once we develop<br />
competencies, then we can gain a degree of confidence and<br />
with every competency comes higher levels of confidence.<br />
32<br />
Think about the small child like a smart phone. When<br />
the phone is new, in the box and the battery isn’t<br />
charged there is very little it can do but it has lots of<br />
potential. Once it is charged then it is capable of so<br />
much. In primary schools and also in our club sessions<br />
we can charge the children <strong>by</strong> getting their hearts<br />
beating faster and their lungs moving during aerobic<br />
exercise. Competencies are like Apps on a smartphone.<br />
A phone can’t do much without apps. If I get a new phone,<br />
the first apps I get are the social media ones. <strong>The</strong>n I feel<br />
my phone can function. Every time I install a new app I<br />
have more confidence in my phone. Instead of facebook,<br />
twitter and snapchat we can install apps to small children<br />
like the grip, running and agility skills. Mainly this is done<br />
through assisting. Assisting happens when we provide a<br />
really clear demonstration of a pretty easy skill and give<br />
children ample opportunity to practice and learn it. Apps<br />
are grown in children when connections are made in the<br />
brain. <strong>The</strong> connections that are needed for reading, writing<br />
and maths are the same that are needed for rising, catching<br />
and soloing. Like the teacher in the classroom they are<br />
taught <strong>by</strong> assisting or challenging.<br />
Children need lots of assistance in the first few years of<br />
sport. It is estimated that 20% of young children survive<br />
in a competitive environment. If we play a 10 a side match<br />
at under 6 or under 8 training, only 4 children will benefit<br />
from it. 80% is a huge failure rate and one that most clubs<br />
can ill afford to allow happen. However once children<br />
develop a range of athletic and skill competencies they can<br />
be gradually introduced to small sided games.<br />
As children get older, getting the balance right between<br />
assistance and challenge is a key coaching skill. If we go for<br />
too much challenge we can cause incompetence, anxiety<br />
and resistance in players whereas if we assist too much we<br />
can still cause incompetence and boredom and very often<br />
players resent this form of approach. <strong>The</strong>re is a term used<br />
when the level of challenge set <strong>by</strong> a coach matches the level<br />
of skill of the players. This often causes players to achieve<br />
“flow”. It is called the zone of proximal learning.
<strong>The</strong> zone of proximal learning or the zone of proximal<br />
development occurs when a challenge is pitched just on<br />
the outer reach of a person’s current ability. It is a little<br />
outside what a child can currently do and often it requires<br />
the help of a coach. Most of us probably used this model<br />
unknowingly as children. If we tried to get a certain number<br />
of roll rises in 30 seconds and then tried to beat our score<br />
next time we were in this zone. If we tried to strike a ball<br />
through a small target or take a ball hit at pace on first touch<br />
or tried to get a certain amount of ball strikes off a wall in a<br />
time we were on the zone of proximal learning.<br />
Using this coaching model can really help increase the level<br />
of effort and concentration from players. It also causes a<br />
level of excitement and is guaranteed to increase the speed<br />
at which players play. It helps players to think about mastery<br />
rather than winning, which they have no control over. Most<br />
video games use the zone of proximal learning to engage<br />
their audience. <strong>The</strong>y start off playing and they aren’t able<br />
to get very far, then they get competent at a certain level<br />
until the challenge increases and the process continues.<br />
American game designer, Raph Koster says “Fun from games<br />
arises out of mastery. It arises out of comprehension. It is the<br />
act of solving puzzles that makes games fun. In other words,<br />
with games, learning is the drug”.<br />
<strong>The</strong> assistance and challenge coaching model can be used<br />
from nursery children all the way up to county seniors. While<br />
county seniors will require the highest level of challenge,<br />
there are many occasions when they also need assistance.<br />
Like a professional golfer trying to tweak or restructure their<br />
swing or putting stroke, very often a top class camogie player<br />
or hurler often needs to develop a higher level of competency<br />
in a skill. This is not a time for challenge. This is a time for clear<br />
demonstration, explanation, observation and feedback. Very<br />
often the coach has to admit they don’t have the answers but<br />
together with the player they will work it out and reflect on<br />
progress or lack of. Once the new skill is learned then the<br />
coach and player can increase the challenge.<br />
Like other areas of coaching, getting the balance between<br />
assisting a challenging is vital to the environment. When<br />
right balances are struck between skill development and<br />
games, instruction and action, winning and mastery, praise<br />
and encouragement, patience and honesty and participation<br />
and excellence a very special bond can be formed in a<br />
team or coaching environment. When coaches reflect in the<br />
aftermath of training sessions and games, little tweaks can<br />
be made to maintain that balance.<br />
33
Session planning<br />
By Aisling Kane<br />
It’s that time of year again where we dust of the whistle<br />
and get ready to start the New Year on the right (or left)<br />
foot and get back into action with our teams. Before we<br />
start our training sessions with our players it is important<br />
as a manager/coach we set out the overall goals we’d like<br />
to achieve. <strong>The</strong>se can be individual goals such as skills for<br />
players or overall team goals e.g. what you’d like to have<br />
achieved <strong>by</strong> the end of the year. By doing this it will make<br />
your session planning easier as the session planners will<br />
be the stepping stones to achieving those goals. As a coach<br />
session planning needs to be a priority. It allows for you as a<br />
coach to be prepared and confident in what you’re delivering<br />
to your players instead of trying to “Wing it”. <strong>The</strong> best thing<br />
I can recommend to any coach weather you’re only starting<br />
out or you’ve been coaching for 20 years is to get yourself a<br />
hardback notebook to put your session plans in. You can also<br />
write or draw up new drills in this notebook for future use.<br />
This notebook will end up being your coaching bible that you<br />
can always look back on and pull activities/drills from to suit<br />
what you’re looking for. It also ensures all your sessions will<br />
be together and you won’t lose them easily which is what<br />
tends to happy when we write them on individual pages (I’m<br />
sure we’re all a culprit for this!).<br />
34<br />
Factors to consider when session planning:<br />
1. What are we looking to achieve?<br />
It is important as a coach or manager that we have learning<br />
outcomes for each session. This is what we as coaches<br />
would like to see the players work on and improve during<br />
the session. Our learning outcomes can be based around<br />
the team’s yearly goal e.g. working on the skills we’d like to<br />
learn, improve or perfect, or they can come from a previous<br />
match performance e.g. what we as a team can improve on<br />
based on match specific scenarios. Keeping track of this will<br />
allow the coach to see how much (or how little) they have<br />
worked on various aspects of the game.<br />
2. Players<br />
Before we plan our sessions it is always good to know<br />
roughly how many players will be at the training session.<br />
This allows for sufficient planning to take place to ensure<br />
our players get as many touches as possible in the various<br />
activities/drills and will allow for the coach to modify the<br />
session to suit the numbers. Knowing your players is a<br />
major factor when session planning. Knowing their abilities<br />
of what they can and can’t do is key. This will enable you to<br />
create session plans that will run smoothly. Ensuring you<br />
keep your activities/drills age appropriate is a key element<br />
too. We all have to learn how to walk before we can run.<br />
<strong>The</strong> same principle applies when coaching our skills. We<br />
need to ensure what we are delivering is age appropriate to<br />
ensure our players get the most out of it.<br />
3. Location/Duration<br />
As a coach we need to take into account the location of<br />
which our session will take place. This could possibly vary<br />
from training session to training session or you could be<br />
one of the lucky teams who are always based in the same<br />
place. It is important to know how much space you have to<br />
use for your session so you can plan your layout in advance.<br />
It might not be possible to work on some skills or games<br />
if you don’t have the space. You may need to take into<br />
account the surface that is being used e.g. Astro turf, Grass.<br />
Is the location easily accessible for players and coaches?<br />
Are their toilet facilities if needed? Taking this information<br />
into account will allow you to inform the parents/players<br />
with the relevant information needed.<br />
By looking at the duration of your session it will allow you<br />
as a coach to plan how much time will be spent at each<br />
drill/activity to ensure players aren’t getting fed up with the<br />
drill/activity. Depending on the age you are working with<br />
will also impact the duration of each drill/activity as their<br />
attention span is lower the younger they are.<br />
4. Adaptions/Progressions<br />
Having your adaptions and progressions included in your<br />
session plan will allow you to adapt the skill or activity<br />
based on your players’ abilities. Some of our players’ can
pick up new skills very quickly and others not as quick. It<br />
is important that we challenge all of our players’ weather<br />
that be progressing or adapting a skill to suit their needs.<br />
It’s about coaching the players not just the sport. <strong>The</strong> main<br />
outcome of our sessions is the overall development of our<br />
players. This means starting out with the basic skill, adding<br />
in some movement and finally adding the pressure. A quote<br />
that sticks with me since I’ve heard it is “Get it right, Get it<br />
fast, Get it fast under pressure” <strong>by</strong> Martin Fogarty<br />
How can you adapt and modify to ensure each player can<br />
perform the skills of the game. We can use the S.T.E.P.R.<br />
model to modify any activities or drill <strong>by</strong> changing one of<br />
those five elements.<br />
Space<br />
Rules<br />
People<br />
S.T.E.P.R<br />
Equipment<br />
Time<br />
5. Reflection/Feedback<br />
After you complete a session it is always a good idea to<br />
reflect on how the session went. This doesn’t have to be<br />
a huge essay picking apart the whole session. Perhaps<br />
1-3 sentences on what worked well, what didn’t and what<br />
could you do differently. This will enable you as a coach to<br />
critically analyse your session to improve the drills/activities<br />
to make them work better for the next time. If something<br />
doesn’t work well with your team it’s great to make a note<br />
of it so you don’t make the same mistakes again if you run<br />
the drill/activity again. Feedback from your players can be<br />
a huge benefit to any coach. Again depending on the age<br />
of the team you’re coaching. It is always great to hear what<br />
they liked in the session to try and incorporate (as best as<br />
you can) the different types of drills/activities which they<br />
enjoy to keep our sessions enjoyable for our players. This<br />
leads me to my final point.<br />
6. FUN!!<br />
It is important to incorporate fun elements into our sessions<br />
no matter what age you’re coaching. If your players are<br />
having fun they will enjoy the session and will continue to<br />
turn up to training week in week out. If your players aren’t<br />
enjoying themselves they won’t want to come to training<br />
and your player retention will decrease. Fun elements can<br />
be brought into any training session in either warm ups, a<br />
bit of competition during the session, modifying games <strong>by</strong><br />
using different equipment and Rules. If your players aren’t<br />
enjoying themselves they won’t want to come to training<br />
and your player retention will decrease.<br />
As a coach there are many things we can’t control! <strong>The</strong>refore<br />
we need to get good at controlling the controllables! Such as:<br />
·<br />
• Being organized (Session plans, equipment)<br />
• Being punctual (Arriving early)<br />
• Effort (Giving it your all)<br />
• Good body language (Don’t let your standards drop<br />
because of other peoples actions)<br />
• Mentality (Being open and willing to learn)<br />
• Leadership (Setting standards for others to follow)<br />
35
Scoring is the<br />
name of the game<br />
By Peter Casey<br />
“I’m sure we’re not going to get everything our own way in<br />
certain games and we may not hit 30 points on any given<br />
day, but that’s our target every day.”<br />
Darragh Egan, Tipperary hurling coach<br />
<strong>The</strong>re was a time in the mid 2000’s when the Cork<br />
senior hurling team scored an average of 20 points<br />
in every big game. <strong>The</strong>y won the All Irelands in<br />
2004 and 2005 and they were pretty satisfied that<br />
20 points would be enough to win them games. When Clare<br />
won the 1995 All Ireland final the final score was 1-13 to<br />
2-8. Today in championship hurling that could easily be a<br />
half time score. In the recent Leinster final, Kilkenny led<br />
Wexford 0-15 to 0-14 at the half way mark. Wexford had<br />
9 scorers in the game and Kilkenny had 8. In the Munster<br />
final between Limerick and Tipperary, Limerick hit 1-11<br />
in the first half and 1-15 in the second period. <strong>The</strong>y had<br />
8 scorers in total while the defeated Tipperary had 9. On<br />
any given day a team who wins a championship game will<br />
likely need at least two players to score 4 points from play<br />
while their free takers will have to have a 90% success rate<br />
from inside their range. <strong>The</strong> score required to win a match<br />
is constantly increasing.<br />
36<br />
In <strong>Camogie</strong> we’re seeing similar trends. In recent<br />
championship matches, Waterford scored 2-14 against<br />
Tipperary but still lost the game. In a 60 minute game that<br />
would seem a very good total to hit and up to very recently<br />
should be enough to win most games. However the climate<br />
is changing as in the hurling championship and scoring is<br />
a big currency. Limerick hit 1-18 in their victory against<br />
Wexford while Kilkenny scored 2-17 against Offaly. Cork<br />
have scored 3-19 and 2-20 in their victories over Clare and<br />
Tipperary.<br />
So what does this mean for <strong>Camogie</strong> coaches and coach<br />
developers?<br />
<strong>The</strong>re are a whole range of facets required to be a high<br />
scoring team. A really high degree of technical proficiency in<br />
a range of skills is a must. Brian Cody always said that a good<br />
first touch buys you time. Most players need a certain amount<br />
of time and space to score and if possession can be gained<br />
directly <strong>by</strong> a catch or after a good first touch, the player has<br />
a better chance of having that time and space. Some players<br />
are good strikers from their favourite side which is a great<br />
start but players who are able to score from right or left have<br />
more options available to them. Habits that cause slowness<br />
are always punished <strong>by</strong> the good teams and all players<br />
need to have days when they learn that their habits need to<br />
change in order to be a more effective player. Being able to<br />
swing inside the body and to shorten the grip when space is<br />
reduced is vital to being a high scorer like Beth Carton, Niamh<br />
Mulcahy, Cait Devane, Ann Dalton and Denise Gaule.<br />
Team play and decision making are two other essential<br />
elements to scoring. Very often when players are in<br />
possession there is a very low possibility of scoring and<br />
a player needs to get the ball to a team mate in a better<br />
position. Kilkenny’s mantra under Brian Cody is always that<br />
the player in the best position gets the ball. This requires<br />
players to get to scoring positions before they gain<br />
possession and an awareness of team mates <strong>by</strong> the player<br />
in possession. Cian Lynch is the most consummate team<br />
players. In 2018 he assisted in so many of Limericks scores.<br />
One of the biggest challenges facing coaches is to overcome<br />
the psychological barriers to scoring. Frequently we see<br />
players practicing shooting from outside their range and<br />
they end up in a constant pattern of missing scores. Coaches<br />
are often tempted to do the same thing. <strong>The</strong>y set up scoring<br />
drills and activities in locations on their pitch where many<br />
players are unable to score from. <strong>The</strong> biggest negative<br />
factor about this type of set up is that players become<br />
accustomed to missing scores with no consequences and if<br />
this is allowed to go unnoticed or uncorrected, players will<br />
freely miss scoring opportunities in matches and believe<br />
it is ok. A far better outcome would be where coaches set<br />
up scoring challenges from a range where players should<br />
score from and where a winner is rewarded and players
strive to be good scorers. Some players will still miss due<br />
to the pressure of the challenge and that is where coaches<br />
can intervene.<br />
Golf psychologists tell us that players should experience<br />
successes in every practice. A lot of top golfers spend hours<br />
practicing putting from inside 3 feet. Hurlers and camogie<br />
players would gain a lot more confidence scoring from<br />
inside 25 metres than missing from 65. Dave Alred who<br />
was Johnny Wilkinsons kicking coach and is now coach to<br />
2018 Open Champion Francesco Molinairi as well as the<br />
Queensland Rug<strong>by</strong> team has a number of really interesting<br />
online videos and podcasts about how he coaches kicking<br />
and putting. <strong>The</strong>re is probably a real need for teams at the<br />
highest level to engage a striking coach and at lower levels<br />
a need for our coaches to develop their coaching of striking<br />
as well as all the other roles they have to carry out.<br />
Players can make huge strides when they are given the<br />
right instruction and coaching or allowed to be free in<br />
themselves. Graeme Mulcahy from Limerick is one player<br />
who has transformed his game to now be a consistent high<br />
scorer for his team. It would be very interesting to learn<br />
what changes he has made to his training and practice in<br />
recent years. One thing is for certain. It is better to practice<br />
scoring than to practice shooting.<br />
37
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