Wellness Foods + Supplements 1/2022

No. 1, April/May 2022

www.harnisch.com | ISSN 2364-8104

Functional ingredients Gut health

Dietary fibres Micronutrients

Marine ingredients Skin health

Sports nutrition Oils and fats

Let Your Inspiration Flow

World’s Leading Trade Fair for the

Beverage and Liquid Food Industry

September 12–16, 2022

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Editorial

SILKE WATKINS, Editor-in-Chief

Overall well-being – a noble goal

Vitafoods Europe is opening its doors in

May as usual again this year. A look at the

trade fair’s main focus areas shows that this

edition is in tune with the times.

Mental health is a topic that is gaining

consider ably more attention going forward.

Countless people have been under enormous

stress and strain over the last two

years. For many, this was compounded by

sleep disturbances. Families in particular

and especially children suffered. The mental

stress of children and adolescents in the

course of the pandemic remains high. A

study conducted by the Hamburg-Eppendorf

University Hospital did however find

a small but significant improvement in the

mental health of children.

With regard to mental health, the microbiome

is also deserving of special attention.

This microbial community influences

the way food is digested, the activity level

and fitness of the immune system, and the

functioning of the central nervous system.

A number of illnesses are being linked to a

disturbed microbiome today.

Functional substances not only contribute to sound digestion and

intestinal health as well as strengthening the body’s defences, they

also increase the availability of minerals such as calcium, magnesium,

iron and zinc.

The importance of omega-3 fatty acids has long since been proven,

along with their tremendous significance in sports. They have a positive

effect on brain development in children, and can boost cognitive

flexibility and therefore also counteract dementia. Supplementing

with omega-3 fatty acids can considerably improve the anti-oxidative

capacity in case of macular degeneration due to age. This also

applies to taking micronutrients.

Combining all of these topics already gets us very close to overall

well-being. Surprisingly, many of these things are related and influence

each other.

I wish you an interesting read!

Warmest regards,

Silke Watkins

The microbiome makes an important contribution

to human health. Studies point to a

connection between a healthy microbiome

and healthy skin, but also healthy ageing

and a longer life.

No. 1 April/May 2022

3

Contents

Health

Convenience Food

Food & Beverages

Confectionary

Cover Photo © : Indena S.p.A.

More than 150 million people annually (1), are affected

by urinary tract infections (UTIs) which are among the

most frequent infections in clinical practice worldwide.

UTIs can affect any part of the urinary system although

the organs where they most frequently develop are the

bladder and urethra. Cranberry products have beneficial

role for urinary tract wellbeing because they can

control R-UTIs episodes frequencies, as observed by

several studies. The complex mixture of proanthocyanidins

(PACs), flavonols and phenolicacids contained in

cranberry extract seems to level biofilm formation and

tissues pricking.(see Cover story at page 6)

Sports Nutrition

Health Care

Personal Care

Contents

Cover story

06 Urinary health maintenance, a goal for millions of people

Functional ingredients in gut health

08 Naticol ® Gut: a key ingredient in gut health

Dietary fibres and overall wellbeing

12 More than gut health: Fibre contributes to overall wellbeing

Microbiome

15 Gut health 2.0 – The increasing role of the microbiome

Bioactives for stress and sleep wellbeing

19 Lactium ® , a natural bioactive for mental wellbeing praised by its consumers!

Marine ingredients in sports nutrition

20 A small revolution is underway in the world of lipids and marine ingredients

Ceramides for skin health

23 Ceramides: science supported lipids for skin health

AMD and micronutrients

26 Age-related macular degeneration: Micronutrients for prevention and therapy

Minerals in sports nutrition

32 Minerals in sports nutrition

Active ingredients

37 A “new generation” of liposomes

Antioxidants in baked goods

40 Natural solutions in baked goods. From early civilizations to modern innovation!

Oils and fats

43 Virgin coconut oil and MCT oil: effective energy suppliers

Vitafoods Europe

46 Vitafoods Europe returns in May 2022

48 Vitafoods Europe – Preview

50 Impressum

4 No. 1 April/May 2022

VIVA

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The world‘s nutraceutical event

10–12 May 2022 Geneva

Experience the latest trends and technologies

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trade fair, and visit us at VIVATIS booth I60!

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➜ Find out about our branded ingredients and their best formulations

➜ Learn more about the newest member in the VIVATIS family: Probionova –

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Cover story

Photo © : Adobestock/eAlisa

Urinary health maintenance, a goal

for millions of people

With Indena’s Anthocran ® Phytosome ® let’s shed new light on urinary tract health,

enhancing cranberry potential

More than 150 million people annually (1), are affected by urinary

tract infections (UTIs) which are among the most frequent infections

in clinical practice worldwide. UTIs can affect any part of the urinary

system although the organs where they most frequently develop are

the bladder and urethra.

Such infections create clinical and economic burdens on healthcare

systems, and negatively influence individuals’ quality of life as well.

Recurrent lower urinary tract infections (R-UTIs) are common after

urinary catheterization in surgical patients, but they may occur also

in non-surgical patients, particularly in women, and are also common

in men.

Cranberry products have beneficial role for urinary tract wellbeing

because they can control R-UTIs episodes frequencies, as observed

by several studies. The complex mixture of proanthocyanidins

(PACs), flavonols and phenolicacids contained in cranberry extract

seems to level biofilm formation and tissues pricking.

On the other hand, cranberry extract presents

a problem of poor availability and bioabsorption,

like many other natural compounds.

That’s why Indena has developed a new

health-food ingredient based on Phytosome ®

formulation proprietary technology, able to

enhance and optimize the delivery of Indena’s

cranberry extract (Anthocran ® Phytosome ® )

where the effects are needed.

In addition to its better ability to reach tissues,

thanks to the phytosome ® 100 % food grade

formulation, cranberry extract (Anthocran ®

Phytosome ® ) boasts a unique phytochemi cal

characterization, which makes it the highest

quality cranberry extract on the market;

infact, it is standardized in proanthocyanidins

(PACs: 6.0-9.0 % UV-visible spec-

6 No. 1 April/May 2022

Cover story

trophotometric contents – DMAC method)

and contains the full polyphenols profile of

natural cranberry, including flavonols, anthocyanins

and phenolic acids.

A recent human urines pharmacokinetics

study (2) has been done with the aim to

profile, by using an HPLC-MS/MS method,

cranberry compounds and metabolites

found in human urine after supplementation

of a highly standardized cranberry extract:

Anthocran ® Phytosome ® . Two different strategies

were adopted for the data analysis: a

targeted and an untargeted approach. These

strategies allowed the identification of 42

analytes including cranberry components,

known metabolites and metabolites hitherto

unreported in the literature, including eight

valerolactones/valeric acid derivatives whose

presence in urine after cranberry consumption

has never been described before.

Moreover, the ex vivo study showed that urine

fractions rich in these metabolites are the

most active against the pathogen Candida

so frequent in hospitalized patients; it can

reach the 10 % of positive urine cultures in

hospitals, intensive care units and tertiary

care facilities.

To support from a clinical point of view

these interesting data, a pilot registry study

(3) recently investigated the effects of the

oral supplementation of a standardized

Anthocran ® Phytosome ® for the support of

urinary tract health.

reported to have a more favorable actions in managing UTI discomforts

(like urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria and nocturia),

as assessed on the visual analogue scale, compared with subjects in

the standard management or nitrofurantoin groups.

No subjects with blood in urines and with traces of bacterial infection

in urine in the group treated with the supplement compared with

controls (p < 0.05). The cranberry extract was also superior to the

control management in terms of recurrence of signs, with none of the

subjects in this group reporting a R-UTI in the 3-months following the

study end (p < 0.05).

The supplementation showed an optimal safety profile, with no significant

adverse events and no drop-outs in the supplement group.

The study shows that cranberry extract (Anthocran ® formulated as

Phytosome ® ) is a valid diet supplementation for subjects where postoperative,

post-catheter R UTIs may occur, whit a good tolerability

profile.

References

1 World J Urol. 2020 Nov;38(11):2669-2679. doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-03071-4.

Epub 2020 Jan 10.)

2 Giovanna Baron et alii, Biochemical Pharmacology 173 (2020) 113726

3 Roberto Cotellese, Andrea Ledda, Gianni Belcaro, Maria R. Cesarone, Claudia Scipione,

Valeria Scipione, Mark Dugall, Beatrice Feragalli, Antonella Riva, Pietro Allegrini,

Giovanna Petrangolini & Stefano Togni (2021):, DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1972074

For more information, please contact

Laura Bo

External Communication and

Sustainability, Indena S.p.A.

laura.bo@indena.com

www.indena.com

The study included 64 otherwise healthy

subjects who underwent a surgical procedure

and required post-surgical urinary

catheterization. The subjects have been

divided by randomization in four groups:

12 subjects were given supplementation

with the standardized cranberry extract at

the dose of either 120 mg/day, 12 subjects

at 240 mg/day, 18 subjects were assigned

to a control group consisting of standard

management and 22 to a group with nitrofurantoin

administration for four weeks to

relief the R UTIs.

At the end, subjects receiving the standardized

cranberry Phytosome ® supplementation


7


Naticol ® Gut: a key ingredient in gut health

Weishardt patented fish collagen peptides modulate intestinal inflammation

Mouna Rahabi, PhD

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory

diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Remaining

largely unclear, the etiology of IBD involves a complex interaction

between genetics, environmental and microbial

factors and immune responses 1 .

In fact, there is clear evidence that the prevalence of IBD is associated

with the environment as demonstrated by a north-south gradient

of the disease prevalence which is markedly higher in industrialized

countries. The rapid incidence increase of IBD over the last decades

is believed to be associated with the introduction of the “western diet”

across the world. Indeed, diet can influence intestinal inflammation

by different pathways essentially by altering gut microbiota, affecting

gut permeability or triggering immune responses 2 . Thus, it appears

that nutrients intake can modulate gut inflammatory status. Although

many approaches focus on the use of probiotics in intestinal inflammation,

only few studies target nutrients such as collagen peptides

in this context 3 .

Besides, an important number of studies

have been conducted to demonstrate

the anti-inflammatory activity of collagen

peptides in osteoarthritis but, until now, there

was no clear evidence on their impact on

intestinal inflammation.

Naticol ® Gut

Weishardt scientific team has worked on

transposing fish collagen peptides bioactivity

to gut inflammation and provide today solid

evidence that the new patented Naticol ®

Gut fish collagen peptides have a beneficial

effect in this axis. Indeed, Naticol ® Gut

reduces experimental colitis severity in an

immune system-dependent manner that

consequently leads to a healthier gut micro-

8 No. 1 April/May 2022


biota. These complete pre-clinical results are corroborated by the

very encouraging fact that Naticol ® Gut also restores the anti-inflammatory

phenotype of immune cells from subjects suffering from IBD.

Naticol ® Gut displays an anti-inflammatory

and anti-oxidant activity in gut

Gut immune system is largely involved in the inflammatory status of

gastric tract. Among immune cells, macrophages represent a population

that plays a key role in gut balance. In physiological conditions,

gut macrophages do not react to the gut microbiota thereby

avoiding inappropriate immune reactions. Conversely, in IBD there

is a massive infiltration of macrophages leading to the rupture of the

intestinal barrier by displaying pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant

activities 4 . The experimental model of colitis in which Naticol ® Gut

activity was assessed, is based on a chemical induction (Dextran

Sodium Sulfate, DSS) of intestinal inflammation with symptoms

and biological changes that can be assimilated to human ulcerative

colitis 5 . Interestingly, Naticol ® Gut-treated DSS mice displayed a lower

degree of colonic inflammation as reflected by less immune cells infiltrate,

crypts loss, and epithelial erosion on histological sections of the

colon (Fig. 1).

Photo © : istockphoto/shironosov

Fig. 1: Histological staining of representative cross-sections of colon

Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Naticol ® Gut is able to switch the

phenotype of colonic inflammatory macrophages generated by DSS

administration towards an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pheno-

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Gut microbiota represents one of the most incriminated components

in IBD development. Indeed, in intestinal inflammation, there

is a disruption of the harmonious relationship between the microbiota

and the immune system. Microbiota becomes unbalanced

and immune system overactivated. The unbalanced microbiota,

called dys biosis, is characterized by an increase of the “aggressive”

species and a impoverishment in the probiotic species 7 . Interestingly,

Naticol ® Gut administration consistently decreases the burden

of “bad” bacteria and yeast such as Escherichia coli or Candida

albicans while it enriches populations of protective bacteria and

yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus sp. Our

study demons trates that this modulation of gut microbiota is exerted

through the effect of Naticol ® Gut on the immune system via a crosstalk

between both components 6 (Fig. 3).

Fig. 2: Cytokine expression by macrophages

##p ≤ 0.01, ###p ≤ 0.005, ####p ≤ 0.001 DSS-exposed mice compared

to DSS-exposed mice treated with Naticol ® Gut

type (Fig. 2). This effect on macrophages reverberates on the whole

immune system as the global pro-inflammatory mediators’ production

is significantly dampened by Naticol ® Gut 6 .

Naticol ® Gut impacts gut microbiota

Fig. 3: microbiota fluctuation

#p ≤ 0.05, ##p ≤ 0.01, DSS-exposed mice compared to DSS-exposed mice

treated with Naticol ® Gut

Conclusion

The use of functional ingredients in gut health management is an

emerging concept. In this context, Weishardt provides solid preclini

cal results as well as an encouraging translational approach using

immune cells directly collected from human subjects and in which

results show that Naticol ® Gut restores an anti-inflammatory profile.

Last but not least, Weishardt has taken the science behind fish

collagen peptides to a deeper level of understanding by highlighting

the mechanism by which Naticol ® Gut exerts its beneficial effects.

References

1

Actis, G. C., Pellicano, R., Fagoonee, S. & Ribaldone, D. G. History of Inflammatory Bowel

Diseases. J. Clin. Med. 8, 1970 (2019).

2

Rajendran, N. & Kumar, D. Role of diet in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.

World J. Gastroenterol. WJG 16, 1442–1448 (2010).

3

Rossi, R. E. et al. The role of dietary supplements in inflammatory bowel disease: a

systematic review. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 28, 1357–1364 (2016).

4

Kühl, A. A., Erben, U., Kredel, L. I. & Siegmund, B. Diversity of Intestinal Macrophages in

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front. Immunol. 6, (2015).

5

Chassaing, B., Aitken, J. D., Malleshappa, M. & Vijay-Kumar, M. Dextran sulfate sodium

(DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 104, 15.25.1-15.25.14 (2014).

6

Rahabi, M. et al. Bioactive fish collagen peptides weaken intestinal inflammation by

orienting colonic macrophages phenotype through mannose receptor activation. Eur. J.

Nutr. (2022) doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02787-7.

7

Ni, J., Wu, G. D., Albenberg, L. & Tomov, V. T. Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 573–584 (2017).

Photo © : Shutterstock/rangizz


WEISHARDT International

81300 Graulhet, France

Phone +33 5 63 42 14 41

welcome@weishardt.com

www.weishardt.com

10 No. 1 April/May 2022

Connect with

nutraceutical

experts

This year, Vitafoods Europe 2022 returns to its annual

May slot in your diary. As it’s a hybrid event you’ll be

able to join us in person and online to share ideas,

see new products, source ingredients and innovate

with an inspiring community of experts. This is your

chance to connect with industry-leading buyers,

suppliers and manufacturers from over 110 countries,

so don’t miss it.

Register for your free

badge now and save €160*

Geneva: 10-12 May

Online: 2-13 May

For more details visit

vitafoods.eu.com

*Onsite visitor registration will cost €160


Photo © : Shutterstock/Monkey_Busines

More than gut health: Fibre contributes

to overall wellbeing

Natural fibre Sunfiber ® counteracts dietary deficiencies – even in those with digestive problems

Dr Stefan Siebrecht

For a long time, dietary fibre was thought of as useless and

even burdensome because of its indigestible properties – until

the first indications of its positive effects on the body emerged.

Nowadays, those previously held opinions have been overturned,

and experts recommend integrating “dietary fibre” into

the diet in much larger quantities for a variety of reasons, from

digestive health to emotional wellbeing.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends a daily intake

of 30 g of dietary fibre. In most European countries, however, the

average consumption is far below this amount. If you look at the fibre

content of popular foods – avocados, for example, contain about 7 g

of fibre per 100 g, and apples about 2 g per 100 g – it becomes clear

that the modern eating habits and taste preferences of Western diets

are not sufficiently balanced when it comes to fibre intake. Important

sources such as whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables

are not consumed in sufficient amounts to

meet daily requirements. 1 Therefore, fortifying

or supplementing foods and beverages

with dietary fibre offers a promising approach

to improving overall intake and, thus, the

general health of the population.

Prebiotic ingredients like Taiyo’s partially

hydrolysed guar gum (Sunfiber ® ) make it easy

to add fibre to all sorts of foods and beverages,

and fortified products are a pleasant way for

consumers to boost their health and wellbeing.

Sunfiber ® is easy to process, its positive effect

on the digestive tract is scientifically proven,

and foods containing it can be labelled with

the EU Nutritional Claim “high in fibre”.

12 No. 1 April/May 2022


The importance of dietary fibre

Scientific research has repeatedly shown

that our overall health depends to a large

extent on the health of the gut, which is home

to about 100 trillion bacteria from 1,000

different species. This “microbiome” has

many functions, including supporting digestion,

nutrient absorption and the immune

system. Studies in recent years have also

confirmed that the gut is in direct contact

with the emotional centre of the brain. By

changing the gut microbiome, it has been

proven that neurobiochemistry, behaviour

and even personality can be significantly

altered. 2

The microbiome is directly affected by what

we eat: a high-sugar, low-fibre diet feeds

harmful bacteria, while a diet high in fibre

and low in sugar has the opposite effect: It

supports beneficial gut bacteria diversity to

help regulate blood sugar, fight inflammation

and produce the substances required for a

healthy brain.

After consuming dietary fibre, blood glucose

levels rise only moderately and remain

constant for a lengthy period of time, during

which the body needs less insulin. As a

result, there is an increased feeling of satiety,

with hunger pangs kept at bay for longer.

Fibre can therefore play an effective role in

weight management. In addition, fibre intake

promotes the production of digestive juices,

which have a stimulating effect on general

intestinal movements. This means that the

transit time of food in the digestive system

is shortened, which can, in turn, reduce the

risk of bloating and haemorrhoids.

Recent studies show that dietary fibre can

also help to prevent colon and prostate

cancer because carcinogenic substances

are diluted and harmful substances excreted

more quickly. 3 One reason for this is that the

body cannot break down the plant components

of dietary fibre enzymatically, so they

enter the colon undigested. Here, they serve

as food for gut bacteria such as lactobacilli

and bifidobacteria. These beneficial bacteria

multiply, increase stool volume and thus

help prevent constipation.

A healthy intestinal microbiome is an essential prerequisite for a

fully functioning immune system too. For instance, it helps to regulate

inflammatory cascades in the body and forms a physical barrier

against potential invaders such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses and

parasites.

Furthermore, in a healthy body, the fermentation of dietary fibre

produces the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate.

These are partially absorbed and transported to the liver, where they

inhibit the formation of cholesterol. The short-chain fatty acids also

supply the cell membranes with energy and improve the absorption

of minerals.

Supporting health and wellbeing

Taiyo, an expert in natural ingredients with added health value, has

been pioneering fibre research for more than 20 years. The company

develops and produces a wide variety of functional ingredients,

including the 100 per cent natural dietary fibre Sunfiber ® . Designed to

close the dietary fibre gap, this ingredient combines nutritional benefits

with health-promoting properties. Sunfiber ® is a soluble prebiotic

fibre that has been shown in numerous studies to help improve the

activity and proliferation of beneficial probiotics in the gastrointestinal

tract, which are essential for overall health and wellbeing. In addition,

its fermentation rate is very slow, which means it does not trigger

painful bloating, cramping or discomfort.

Sunfiber ® not only contributes to healthy digestion, but also offers a

range of clinically proven health benefits for the entire body. When

consumed with a meal, it improves the absorption of minerals such

as calcium and magnesium. 4 It also slows and reduces the absorption

of fat, cholesterol and sugar. 5 Additionally, it has been shown in

clinical studies to lower the glycaemic index, thus helping to stabilise

blood sugar levels. For this reason, Sunfiber ® has been awarded a

health claim by Canadian health authorities for reducing blood sugar

levels by 20 per cent after a meal. 6

Photo © : Shutterstock/Paisit Teeraphatsakool


13

Dietary fibres and overall well-being

Low FODMAP diet-compatible

Sunfiber ® is suitable for people who follow a low FODMAP diet, as

well as for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The term

FODMAP stands for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides,

monosaccharides and polyols. These are poorly digestible shortchain

carbohydrates such as lactose, fructose, sugar alcohols such

as sorbitol, and many other indigestible carbohydrates found in

fruits and vegetables. FODMAP components are fermented by the

intestinal flora. This process is thought to trigger gastrointestinal

symptoms such as bloating, diarrhoea, constipation and cramps

in sensitive people. A clinical study published in 2010 reported the

positive effect of a low FODMAP diet on the symptoms of conditions

such as IBS. 7 A diet low in FODMAP compounds such as fibre is

therefore often recommended for patients with digestive disorders.

However, avoiding fibre compromises the foundation for good gut

health. For these people, Sunfiber ® can bridge the nutritional gap

by providing a soluble and prebiotic fibre that is compatible with a

low FODMAP diet.

Naturally certified

Taiyo’s focus is on natural ingredients with added health value. Over

the years, the company has established itself as a leading manufacturer

of functional ingredients for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Naturalness plays a central part in this: Sunfiber ® is made from

partially hydrolysed Indian guar gum (PHGG). The galactomannan

fibre is colourless, odourless and tasteless, and is suitable for a variety

of applications. It can be easily incorporated into existing recipes and

is suitable for use in a wide range of foods and beverages, including

bakery, dairy and confectionery, as well as meat and savoury products.

Other potential applications include dietary supplements and

instant or ready-to-drink beverages. The non-viscous guar bean fibre

does not change the consistency or flavour of the products to which

it is added.

As the fibre is 100 per cent soluble, it dissolves completely in water

and other hot and cold beverages, including smoothies. It has been

used as a dietary supplement in clinical and enteral nutrition for

several years, and is available in different qualities, depending on the

desired application and requirement. Sunfiber ® is also pH, heat and

thaw stable.

It meets the dietary fibre definition of the FDA

(US Food and Drug Administration), and a

food or beverage product can be labelled

as high-fibre if it contains at least 6 g of the

ingredient per 100 g or at least 3 g per 100

kcal. Taiyo also places the highest demands

on the entire supply chain, with all seeds

used being chemically untreated and GMOfree.

Furthermore, no preservatives are used

or added during processing. Sunfiber ® is ISO

certified for its natural production process,

as well as kosher and halal certified, and is

suitable for vegetarian and vegan diets.

References

1

Andrei, Mihai: WHO report: You should eat 25g of fiber every

day – and you probably don’t. ZME Science, 15.01.2019,

https://www.zmescience.com/science/who-report-fibers-

14012019/#:%7E:text=A%20new%20report%20

published%20by,swarm%20of%20other%20health%20

issues. (accessed on 24.03.2022)

2

K. M. Neufeld, et al.: Reduced Anxiety-like Behavior and

Central Neurochemical Change in Germ-free Mice. Neurogastroentereol

Motil 23. no. 3 (March 2011): 255-64, e119

3

Diet and Cancer Report downloads: WCRF International,

15.03.2022, https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/

resources-and-toolkits/ (accessed on 16.03.2022).

4

H. Hara, et al. Increases in Calcium Absorption with

Ingestion of Soluble Dietary Fibre, Guar-Gum Hydrolysate,

Depend on the Caecum in Partially Nephrectomised and

Normal Rats. British Journal of Nutrition 76, 773–784

(1996).

5

M.P. Kapoor, et al. Soluble Dietary Fibre Partially Hydrolysed

Guar Gum Markedly Impacts on Postprandial Hyperglycaemia,

Hyperlipidaemia and Incretins Metabolic

Hormones Over Time in Healthy and Glucose Intolerant

Subjects. Journal of Functional Foods 24, 207–220 (2016).

6

Confirmed by the Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food

Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa 25. April 2013.

7

P.R. Gibson and S.J. Shepherd. Evidence-Based Dietary

Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms:

The FODMAP Approach. J. Gastroenterology. Hepatic. 25(2),

252–258 (2010).


Dr Stefan Siebrecht

Managing Director at Taiyo GmbH

s.siebrecht@taiyogmbh.com

www.taiyogmbh.com

14 No. 1 April/May 2022

Microbiome

Photo © : Madhouse

Gut health 2.0 – The increasing role

of the microbiome

Diana Kalustova

Super organ, superorganism, or the

forgotten organ – the human microbiome

is called by many names. And

all of them reflect how important this

“community of microorganisms” is for

the natural everyday functioning of the

human body. But what exactly is the

microbiome? And what is it actually

good for?

The human microbiome consists of trillions

of microorganisms. These include

not only bacteria, but also fungi, parasites,

and viruses. While many of the microorganisms

have not yet been identified, scientists

believe that well over 1,000 different ones

live on us and in us. Each person has their

individual fingerprint of the intestinal microbiota,

determined by one’s DNA 1 . However,

some microorganisms are found in each and

every one of us.

The intestine plays a unique role. By far, the most significant part of

the human microbiome is found here. This is where a high microbial

density meets the intestine-associated lymphoid tissue, which

controls the entire body’s immune response.

Microbes are generally not harmful to us. Rather, they are essential

for maintaining good health. For example, they produce specific vitamins,

break down our food to extract nutrients, teach our immune

system to recognize dangerous invaders, and produce helpful antiinflammatory

compounds that ward off other disease-causing

microbes.

It is not only experts who recognize the ever-increasing importance

of the microbiome. Consumers also embrace the microbiome as an

opportunity to maintain and improve their health. As a result, market

research provider Fortune Business Insights predicts that the global

digestive health market will grow at a compounded annual growth

rate of 7.9 % to reach 71.95 billion US dollars by 2027. Several

factors are driving this growth. One of them is the increasing incidence

of digestive disorders, which are now seen in up to 40 % of the

world’s population.


15

Microbiome

It is now a generally accepted consensus that changes in the composition

of our microbiome are associated with numerous diseases. This

means that altering and enriching the microbiome can be used to

maintain health and treat diseases. In particular, the gut microbiota

critically intervenes in metabolism, immune system maturation, and

the function of the central nervous system. This makes the microbiome

a critical organ that influences the entire body.

Gut Health 2.0 goes beyond digestion. Instead, it takes a holistic

approach to health. Current research topics such as gut-immunity

axis, gut-brain axis, gut-skin axis or gut-heart axis show the almost allencompassing

significance of the human gut microbiome for human

health. Axes represent the connections between the gut and individual

human organs.

An increasing number of studies demonstrate the incredible potential

of the microbiome for various bodily functions. For example, it is

now well established that a healthy microbiome is directly related to

the skin’s health. As a multifunctional organ, it requires many micronutrients

that are absorbed through the gut. Similarly, a dysfunctional

microbiome is often closely related to metabolic diseases such as

type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 .

The microbiome also regulates the fitness of the immune system 3 .

Healthy ageing and a longer life are also linked to the microbiome.

A recent study 4 carried out in the United States shows that a high

level of uniqueness and diversity of the microbiome is associated with

increased survival. The microbiome-gut-brain axis takes on particular

importance in studies. It is becoming clear that the composition and

metabolism of the microbiome not only exert an important influence

on mental disorders but also affect weight regulation.

GUT-BRAIN AXIS

GUT MICRO-

BIOTA

G U T - S K

HPA

GUT-

BRAIN-

SKIN

AXIS

I N

BRAIN-SKIN AXIS

A X I S

PSORIASIS

Even fitness and musculature are closely linked to the microbiome.

For example, Swedish researchers 5 from the Karolinska Institute in

Stockholm discovered in mice experiments that gut bacteria strongly

influence normal skeletal muscle function. In any case, a holistic

view of the body is essential for maintaining and improving health.

The latest scientific findings show that a

well-functioning, diverse microbiome has a

central role as a control instrument for many

aspects of the human body.

Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics,

and postbiotics:

the supporters of the microbiome

When something is as essential as the microbiome,

we should do everything we can to

keep it in good shape. Fortunately, the

digestive system comprises several built-in

supporters for this:

Probiotics – the viable microorganisms that

multiply in the gut and, in sufficient quantities,

impart health benefits to the host.

Prebiotics – the non-digestible food components

that boost growth and activity of ba

cteria in the colon. They also block the

binding of harmful bacteria.

Synbiotics – a combination of probiotics and

prebiotics that synergistically combines the

benefits of both.

Postbiotics – byproducts of the fermentation

process. These are soluble factors secreted

by live bacteria or released after bacterial

lysis and provide physiological benefits to the

host. However, for many scientists, the definition

of postbiotics was not clear enough. In

2021, seeking clarity on what qualifies as a

postbiotic, a panel of experts at the International

Scientific Association of Probiotics and

Prebiotics (ISAPP) sought a new definition 6 .

They defined a postbiotic as a “preparation

of inanimate microorganisms and/or their

components that confers a health benefit on

the host”.

Prebiotics – much more than

a trendy product

The demand for advanced prebiotics that

have no side effects and are intended

to support specific areas in the body is

increasing permanently. Certain prebiotics

are particularly beneficial for the microbiome.

They target particular bacteria, which

produce a high amount of short-chain fatty

acids. SCFAs do not have to be modified

during digestion and absorbed directly by the

body. According to current research, shortchain

fatty acids serve as “food”, especially

16 No. 1 April/May 2022

Microbiome

for those intestinal bacteria with a particular

protective function. They can prevent inflammation

in the body and protect against an

attack by the human organism on the body’s

cells, the cause of numerous autoimmune

diseases such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis,

rheumatism, or allergies. In addition

to strengthening the immune system, shortchain

fatty acids could also help make bones

more stable, alleviate joint inflammation,

lower cholesterol levels or reduce appetite.

An expanding range of candidate probiotic

species and prebiotic substrates is

emerging to address newly elucidated datadriven

microbial niches and host targets.

New variants of microbiome-modulating

interventions are developing overlapping

with, and adjacent to, the probiotic and

prebiotic fields. Personalized nutrition and

precision medicine are increasingly influencing

the targeting and use of probiotics

and pre biotics. As a result, the modulation

of microbial signatures towards finding the

appropriate “piece of the puzzle” to maintain the health of specific

functions or to combat individual disease states is increasing.

High-quality, tested synbiotics can be

the best of both worlds

Nowadays, live microorganisms are increasingly used with special

dietary fibers to combine their health benefits. However, one must

keep in mind that the combination of prebiotics and probiotics is

not always beneficial, as not all of them go together. In any case, it

is crucial to find a high-quality, tested combination. Besides, many

people do not tolerate specific prebiotics well. Many soluble prebiotics

are broken down too quickly by the intestinal flora, possibly

leading to flatulence, bloating, and abdominal pain.

Two examples of new-generation prebiotics that

combine perfectly with probiotics

Sunfiber ® is a water-soluble bean fiber derived from the guar bean.

This is a galactomannan fiber (partially hydrolyzed guar gum, PHGG)

that is very low viscous and non-gelling. It is a perfect ingredient for

patients with irritable bowel syndrome and functional gastrointestinal

disorders. Sunfiber ® is the first dietary fiber certified by Monash

University as a low-FODMAP dietary fiber (fermentable oligosaccha-

20%

C

LIPOSOMAL VITAMIN

HIGH STABILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY

READY-TO-USE SOLUTION

LIQUID FORM :

OPTIMAL EFFICIENCY / ABSORPTION

THE SOLUTION CAN BE FLAVOURED

Made in France

+33(0)2.98.50.41.60 // contact@capsularis.com

Microbiome

rides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols). The effect of

Sunfiber ® on diet-related diseases has been demonstrated in more

than 150 studies. For example, in a recent internal report 7 together

with Probionova ® , the results for Lactobacillus spp. indicate that

almost all microorganisms can actively grow in the presence of

Sunfiber ® .

MicrobiomeX ® is an example of a fruit extract with high flavonoid

content and prebiotic effect. This first-in-class product combines

active ingredients from Citrus Sinensis (Orange) and Citrus Paradisi

(Grapefruit). The unique complex is specifically designed to positively

alter the gut microbiome to support gut health and immune system,

reduce intestinal inflammation and strengthen the gut barrier. MicrobiomeX

® has been validated in multiple proprietary studies showing

a dose-dependent beneficial effect with a daily intake ranging from

250 to 500 mg. In addition, the significant shift in SCFA profile and

the lower calprotectin levels observed suggest a decreased pathogen

load in the gut.

Probionova is one of the most innovative

companies focusing on the microbiome by

developing new probiotic applications. The

young, future-oriented partner company of

Vivatis ® maintains a leading scientific position

in the research and development of

new probiotics/synbiotics. With its in-depth

experience, the company can select the

best strain or an optimum synergy of the

available strains to provide customers with

the highest quality standards and customized

offers. Probionova ® has specialized in

responding to the most diverse wishes and

requirements for probiotics products. The

range extends from various unique probiotic

strains to finished products that are good for

the microbiome.

Difference in Butyrate/total SCFA ratio

after 12 weeks of intervention

Butyrate & total SCFA ratio

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0

-0.005

-0.01

-0.015

Intervention

Placebo

MicrobiomeX ®

*

*Significant effect on SCFA ratio

after daily application of MicrobiomeX ®

Today, customized product solutions are increasingly in demand

for prebiotic and probiotic products instead of all-in-one products.

They make it easier to meet the diverse requirements of the human

organism, minimize side effects and provide targeted support for

specific areas. The current state of research and product development

is bringing into light a growing number of facts about the diversity

of probiotic strains. They are designed or synergistically combined

with high quality and concentration for the application and function.

References

1

“Identifying personal microbiomes using metagenomics

codes”, Eric A. Franzosa, Katherine Huang, James

F. Meadow, Dirk Gevers, Katherine P. Lemon, Brendan JM

Bohannan, Curtis Huttenhower,

2

“Arrhythmic Gut Microbiome Signatures Predict Risk of

Type 2 Diabetes”

3

Schaupp L et al. Microbiota-induced type I interferons

instruct a poised basal state of dendritic cells. Cell 2020

Mai 06. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.022

4

Wilmanski, T., Diener, C., Rappaport, N., Patwardhan, S.,

Wiedrick, J., Lapidus, J., & Price, N. D. (2021). Gut microbiome

patternreflects healthy ageing and predicts survival

in humans. Nature metabolism, 3(2), 274-286.

5

“The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and

function in mice”, Shawon Lahiri et al.; Science Translational

Medicine, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5662

6

Aguilar-Toalá, J. E. et al. Postbiotics — when simplification

fails to clarify. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00521-6 (2021).

7

“Probionova report” (2020) Evaluation-of-the-prebioticpotential-of-Sunfiber


Diana Kalustova,

Business Development Manager Nutraceuticals,

Vivatis Pharma GmbH

Hamburg, Germany

18 No. 1 April/May 2022

Bioactives for stress and sleep wellbeing

Lactium ® , a natural bioactive for

mental wellbeing praised by its consumers!

How does stress affect

our mental health?

Stress is part of our modern life: 90 % of

the global population regards itself as being

stressed. Furthermore, WHO statistics were

estimating a worldwide 264 million people

to be affected by anxiety disorders. Those

statistics were last estimated in 2017, way

before covid-19 turned our lives upside

down and the global demand for stress-relief

aids sky-rocketed.

95 % of the global population recognize that

stress and anxiety have an impact on health.

With the pandemics, awareness soared

on how stress can impact mental health

conditions including depression, anxiety,

psychosis and post-traumatic stress disorder

(PTSD).

Lactium ® : a natural ingredient to help

manage stress and sleep disorders

Lactium ® is go-to solution for natural products

lovers. With no addiction or side effects,

this natural milk protein hydrolysate contains

a bioactive peptide with relaxing properties

called alpha-casozepine. Lactium ® acts as

an anxiolytic with an affinity for the GABAA

receptor, more specifically for its benzodiazepine

site.

9 clinical trials on more than 500 volunteers

have already demonstrated Lactium ® efficacy

on stress issues and sleep disturbances, with

a recognition by the scientific community

through several published articles.

In 2021, those were completed by a

consumer study to address a core objective

for all our customers: consumer satisfaction.

8 consumers in 10 are satisfied

with Lactium ®

Our latest study was performed on 300

healthy volunteers, recruited in USA, France

and China for their suffering from moderate

stress and sleep disturbances. They

received a 300 mg dose for 30 days and

their feedbacks were recorded through validated

questionnaires performed by Mérieux

Nutrisciences.

We were proud to receive results showing an

overall 78 % satisfaction, quite evenly split in

78 % for moderate stress and 77 % for sleep

disturbances.

More claims for Lactium ®

As we’ll explain in our conference, this

consumer study enables new claims on

packaging or ad prints for our customers. It

will complete the previously obtained 7 US

FDA structure function claims and 2 South

Korean claims.

Happy consumers’ recognition is now adding

to Lactium ® ’s solid scientific background for

its efficacy on stress and sleep improvement,

in a world where mental health has

become so central to our lives. Incorporated

for more than 20 years in over 300 products,

Lactium ® provides a natural way to regain

plain serenity!

Please visit

Ingredia at Vitafoods in Geneva

May 10 – 12, 2022

booth G100


19


A small revolution is underway in the world

of lipids and marine ingredients

Its name, Zooca Lipids or more precisely Calanus finmarchicus.

This zooplankton is the primary biomass of the

Arctic. From sustainable fisheries, it is harvested in Norway,

above the Arctic circle and does not seem to fit into any

box. Neither that of omega-3, nor that of krill oil. Let's dig

into the story of this unique ingredient now distributed in

France by Seanova: Zooca Lipids is about to revolutionize

the sports industry.

The tiny zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus is a dense pack of highperformance

energy, utilized by the inhabitants of the Norwegian sea

as their natural performance nutrition.

The little auk, for instance, feed on Calanus finmarchicus during the

short, arctic summer, to prepare for their long migrations during

winter, where they often fly thousands of kilometres, all the way from

Spitsbergen to Iceland and North- America.

Why is Zooca Lipids, the natural oil from Calanus finmarchicus,

such a powerful performance package of nutrients and energy? This

natural oil is designed by nature to meet the

needs of arctic creatures, who have very

short time to prepare for harsh winter conditions

and therefore depend on valuable

nutrition. These benefits are now available to

the athletes from the human world, as well.

Let´s get a bit technical. What are some of

the differences between Zooca Lipids

and other fats? All lipids comprise a chain

of carbon atoms bound to hydrogen atoms.

Types of fat differ by the number of carbon

atoms in the chain and the number and

location of double bonds between them.

Slight differences in structure may translate

into critical differences in form and function.

Fatty acids in krill oil are mostly bound to

glycerol as phospholipids, whereas fatty

acids in fish oils are present as triglyceri des.

20 No. 1 April/May 2022


When it is time to perform, you must rely on your heart! Zooca

Lipids benefits cardiac performance by enhancing the pumping efficiency

of the heart, a benefit associated with the ergogenic properties

of policosanols. Zooca Lipids also significantly increased max

heart rate! Together, these effects mean more oxygen and nutrients to

muscles and other cells in the body. No wonder that Zooca Lipids

gains reputation among high-level athletes.

Fig. 1: Chemical differences of Zooca Lipids, shown as wax esters

vs. conventional lipids.

The uniqueness of Calanus finmarchicus-derived lipids is the

chemi cal form of liquid wax esters (Fig. 1). Described chemi cally,

they are fatty acids esterified to policosanols (often called fatty alcohols,

FAOH) as monoesters. Wax esters are distinctly different from

fat in any other marine (or terrestrial) oils in terms of chemistry, bioactivity,

and health benefits.

Zooca Lipids benefits muscle performance because it contains

ergogenic policosanols that helps optimizing muscle function as well

as nature´s most powerful antioxidant astaxanthin, which mitigates

muscles soreness by reducing oxidative stress in muscle tissue. By

increasing fatty acid oxidation, the muscle glycogen can be spared,

delaying onset of muscle fatigue and enhance performance. Zooca

Lipids is a potent mix of numerous omega-3 fatty acids, which

promotes muscle protein synthesis, aiding restitution and preparing

your body for new efforts.

Zooca Lipids also benefits muscle restitution and soreness on

several levels. The rare omega-3 fatty acid Stearidonic Acid gives an

extra anti-inflammatory dimension. Together with the classic omega-3

fatty acids EPA and DHA, Stearidonic Acid forms a potent anti-inflammatory

trio which mitigates inflammation and lays a good foundation

for optimal healing, partly by inhibiting omega-6 conversion and

Stand H190

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partly by being metabolized to anti-inflammatory Specialized Pro-

Resolving Mediators, SPMs, and eicosanoids. Additionally, nature´s

most powerful antioxidant astaxanthin reduces muscle-inflammation

and soreness, leading to faster restitution and shorter time to the next

full-intensity performance.

Many athletes struggle to maintain their body in shape off season.

This is the time of the season when you build the foundation for

seasonal performance and muscles, heart, joints, and ligaments are

exposed to extraordinary strain. During resting periods, it can be a

challenge to maintain the body composition.

Well, we have good news! Zooca Lipids benefits body composition

and both fat reduction and muscle growth have been demonstrated

in clinical trials.

So, why is that so? Free fatty acid receptors are broadly regarded as

nutrient sensors and are involved in the regulation of both inflammatory

and metabolic processes. One of these is the GPR120 (also

known as FFA4) receptor which is expressed in several tissues in the

body, especially within the distal intestine and colon, as well as in

adipose tissue and macrophages. This is a receptor for medium- and

long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids.

Recent studies have shown GPR120 to play cardinal roles in metabolic

disorders via modulation of gut hormone secretion and insulin

sensitivity and body weight regulation.

Whereas other dietary lipids claim their

effects due to rapid absorption, Zooca

Lipids explains it the other way around. The

liquid wax esters from Zooca Lipids are

slowly digested, resulting in delayed release

of multiple bioactive molecules. The unique

chemistry of these new and natural lipids

allows them to withstand the first line of

digestive enzymes, letting the lipids reach

the distal part of the digestive tract without

compromising the bioavailability of the fatty

acids. When the liquid wax ester molecules

ultimately are cleaved during digestion, the

release of highly potent fatty acids activates

GPR120 receptors present in the tissue and

exert its effects. Whereas EPA and DHA are

among the more potent of the common FAs

on GPR120, Stearidonic acid, SDA, has

recently been shown to be one of the most

potent agonists on this central receptor. SDA

is the predominant omega-3 fatty acid in

Zooca Lipids!

This receptor activation helps the body finetune

metabolism of sugar and fat, making it

easier to maintain the optimal body composition.

Athletes report that it is easier to maintain

the ideal body weight and body composition

during off-season.

If you think this was a bit complicated, we

will make it easy for you. Summarized, what

you need to know is that this natural powerpack

of natural fats and nutrients from the

zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus benefits

muscle performance and restitution, heart

pumping efficiency and body composition.

So, do like the little auk: take Zooca Lipids

with you on your sporting adventures!

For more information and insight

into clinical and preclinical results,

please reach out to Seanova

contact@seanova.fr

www.seanova.fr

22 No. 1 April/May 2022


Photo © : AdobeStock/Liubov_Levytska

Ceramides: science supported

lipids for skin health

Lea Marchal

As more and more information regarding

ageing skin and its causes becomes

available, consumer awareness continues

to increase at an unprecedented

high. The rise of Holistic Beauty

observed for a few years, is a clear indication

that consumers are now viewing

lifestyle as an important factor in the

appearance of their skin, including

dietary interventions. To make the most

of this opportunity in the Beauty-from-

Within category, brands must develop

food supplements based on ingredients

with demonstrated efficacy, from

natural origin, good for the consumers

and more respectful of the environment.

Seppic, designer of natural

branded active ingredients for the

nutricosmetics field, sheds light on a

solution related to these major trends:

phytoceramides.

Ceramides: their role in skin health and youth

The skin is a three-layer organ constituted of the hypodermis, the

dermis, and the epidermis. The latter layer of the epidermis is called

the stratum corneum and acts as a barrier against the exterior environment.

The stratum corneum is made of skin cells, called corneocytes,

and of lipids found in the intercellular spaces. The lipids are

of different nature (cholesterol, free fatty acids,...) and ceramides are

the major lipid species as they are represented at 50 % in the stratum

corneum’s matrix. They have an essential and structuring role in skin

health by supporting the skin barrier function and maintaining the

water permeability of the skin.

When skin reserves of water are preserved, the skin remains well

moisturized and plump, preventing the apparition of cracks and

scales. However, when we age, the skin becomes particularly thin

and fragile with an impaired skin barrier. The stratum corneum of the

skin, and more particularly its lipids, go through significant changes

under the course of ageing, resulting in pigmentation spots, loss of

elasticity, wrinkles and exacerbated dryness. These changes are now

linked with a significant decrease in ceramides 1 .


23


Opportunities to be leveraged

in the Beauty-from-Within space

A recent report from research firm Mordor

Intelligence states that the global nutricosmetics

market is estimated to register a

CAGR of 8.05 % from 2021 to 2026 4 . The

main factors driving the market are the rising

consumer awareness regarding their skin

problems, such as anti-ageing, wrinkles, hair

loss, scalp problems, etc. These concerns

are more and more associated with poor

nutrition, making food supplements a go-to

preventive beauty management practice.

The preventive, holistic, and eco-conscious

approach is delivering escalated growth of

the skincare-from-within spacet, with offers

that are based on clinically studied active

ingredients.

It is possible to deliver supplemental ceramides orally that provides the

metabolites that are transported through the bloodstream to enable

the skin to restore the ceramides levels in the stratum corneum.

Ingestible ceramides to repair and

strengthen the skin barrier

Photo © : iStock/SrdjanPav

Increasing usage of ceramides in cosmetics products provides now

consistent evidence and awareness on topical ceramides efficiency

in skin hydration and anti-ageing solutions. For the past decades, a

strong scientific focus was observed to study ingestible ceramides,

with evidence demonstrating that the oral use of ceramides is also

highly effective at working to strengthen the skin barrier from within.

A clinical trial on Ceramosides TM , a proprietary extract from Seppic

that contains natural ceramides from wheat, reported significant

improvement in skin moisturization by 16 %, skin elasticity by 18 %

and skin wrinkles by 9 % compared to placebo in just 15 days 2 .

Such a quick action is possible thanks to the composition of the

ingredient in digalactosyl diglycerides (DGDG) combined with the

presence of ceramides. Indeed, DGDG are natural emulsifiers shown

to boost ceramides bioavailability and absorption, making ceramides

building blocks available in the epidermis only 24 h after ingestion 3 .

Ceramosides TM efficacy was also validated by the volunteers participating

in the study, with 75 % of subjects noticing less pulling

sensations

In Europe, the demand for natural ingredients,

influenced by the cosmetics industry,

is visibly increasing and shaping the nutricosmetics

offer. When sourcing ceramides,

a close attention is to be paid on ingredients’

origin, quality and traceability to be

able to answer the consumers’ expectations.

Phytoceramides are plant-based ceramides,

found naturally in plants and grains,

answering the consumer requirements for

clean-label, non-GMO, organic and vegan

solutions.

A solution adapted to the needs of

modern consumers

The strong science behind oral supplementation

with phytoceramides opens the

door for new opportunities in skin beauty.

Ceramosides is a perfectly adapted solution

for modern consumers that are looking

for new ways to address anti-ageing with

demonstrated efficacy and quick action.

Ceramosides offers full body coverage

with results that can be perceived by the

consumers, as it acts rapidly on the visible

layer of the skin.

Ceramosides is a natural oil, suitable

with soft gel capsules and other innovative

galenics such as shots and beverages

thanks to its low dose that makes it suitable

24 No. 1 April/May 2022


with stable emulsions. A hydrosoluble powder, obtained from the oil,

also makes it suitable for a wide range of applications other than

tablets and capsules. It can be easily incorporated in trendy dosage

forms such as drinks, gummies, powder sticks or chocolate bites.

Ceramosides also helps manufacturers to address the growing

need for clean label ingredients. Free from additives and preservatives,

Ceramosides is “100 % made in France”, from wheat sourced

and processed in France. It has been granted a GRAS (Generally

Recognized As Safe) status by an external expert panel and is fully

suitable for vegan formulations. It is also available as organic certified

offering an ideal solution for clean beauty products and answering

the growing demand for organic certified supplements.

8 consumers in 10 satisfied

by the improvement

on their stress and sleep

With the increasing demand for nutricosmetics and anti-ageing

ingestible solutions, phytoceramides from wheat represent a natural

and effective solution backed by strong science. With Ceramosides TM ,

Seppic intends to provide a powerful solution for innovative and

attractive anti-ageing and moisturizing products. Scientific research

will continue to demonstrate the potential of ceramides to promote

healthy aging from within, enabling brands to develop appealing and

tasty solutions to this fast-moving market.

References

1

Jonca N. 2019. Ceramides metabolism and impaired epidermal barrier in cutaneous

diseases and skin aging: focus on the role of the enzyme PNPLA1 in the synthesis of

v-O-acylceramides and its pathophysiological involvement in some forms of congenital

ichthyoses. OCL 26: 17.

2

Bizot, V. et al. Improving Skin Hydration and Age-related Symptoms by Oral Administration

of Wheat Glucosylceramides and Digalactosyl Diglycerides: A Human Clinical Study.

Cosmetics 2017, 4, 37.

3

Ueda O, Hasegawa M, Kitamura S. Distribution in Skin of Ceramide after Oral Administration

to Rats. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 2009;24(2):180-

4

https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/nutricosmetics-market


Lea Marchal, food engineer

Active Ingredients Product Manager -

Nutrition Activity

SEPPIC - Air Liquide Healthcare Specialty

Ingredients, France

www.seppic.com

STRESS

MANAGEMENT

UNIQUE

& NATURAL

CLINICALLY

PROVEN

REGULATORY

APPROVED

Lactium® is a brand of Ingredia

www.lactium.com


25


Photo © : Adobestock/RFBSIP

Age-related macular degeneration:

Micronutrients for prevention and therapy

Philipp Gebhardt

The so-called “yellow spot” is an area in the centre of the

retina where the photoreceptor cells are particularly densely

arranged. It is the area of sharpest vision. The yellow spot

(Latin “Macula lutea”) owes its name to its coloration, which

is caused by high concentrations of carotenoids that are

stored here and form a natural sunscreen. With increasing

age, there is an increased deposit of metabolic waste

pro ducts in the area of the macula. Together with the incident

light, these deposits catalyse the formation of free radicals,

which damage the photoreceptor cells and result in

degeneration of the macula. For the prevention and treatment

of age-related macular degeneration, certain carotenoids

can improve the protection of the eyes from sunlight.

Together with radical scavenging micronutrients, they can

counteract the increasing damage to the photoreceptor cells.

The lens of the eye bundles the light entering through the pupil at the

back of the eye in such a way that a sharp image can form on the

retina, which is recorded by the light-sensitive outer segments of the

photoreceptor cells. In each eye, around 6 million “cone cells” are

responsible for colour vision and around 120 million “rod cells” for

twilight vision. Conscious, sharp vision is focused on a small area in the

Vitreous body

Lens

Light

Pupil

Cornea

Macula

Optic nerve

Retina

Fig. 1: The light entering the pupil reaches the retina through the cornea,

lens and vitreous body. The macula is a narrowly defined area in the rear,

central area of the retina, through which the visual axis runs and in whose

centre the distribution of light-sensitive sensory cells is at its greatest

density.

26 No. 1 April/May 2022


centre of the retina. The macula lutea (Latin

for “yellow spot”) located here is a place with

a particularly high density of photoreceptor

cells (Fig. 1). The macula owes its yellow

colour to the antioxidant and UV light filtering

pigments lutein and zeaxanthin, which are

contained in 1.000-fold higher concentrations

in this area, compared to blood levels.

About 100,000 cone photoreceptors with

their outer segments are arranged in an

area with a diameter of about 3 mm. Due to

the effect of the concentrated light, around

10,000 outer segments have to be renewed

every night, which can only take place by a

particularly intensive metabolism. Over time,

insoluble degradation products are increasingly

deposited and accumulate in the

retina. A prominent representative of these

residues from proteins and fats is called lipofuscin.

In conjunction with UV light, lipofuscin

catalyses the formation of free radicals.

These are reactive oxygen species that

damage surrounding tissue. With a particularly

powerful radical scavenging system, the

eye can defend itself against oxidative stress.

With increasing age, the capacity of the antioxidative

mechanisms decreases significantly.

Age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

is a disease of the retina and the choroid

behind it. It usually appears in the form

of visual disturbances, which appear in a

bending of straight lines and in image failures

in areas of the field of vision. Due to

the increased accumulation of lipofuscin in

the retina, the function of the visual cells is

increasingly impaired and they eventually

die off. The patchy disappearance of larger

and larger areas (“geographic atrophy”), in

the advanced stage, is a common cause of severe vision loss in old

age. AMD comes in two forms. The so-called dry form of the disease

accounts for about 80 % of cases. In this form, the ability to see is

increasingly impaired in the central field of vision. In the wet form

of the disease, flat vascular membranes also form under the retina,

which tend to bleed. This can quickly lead to reading blindness. Due

to the demographic development, the number of people affected by

AMD is increasing significantly. In industrialized countries, the disease

is the main cause of blindness in people over 50, followed by glaucoma

and diabetic retinopathy. In Germany, about 12 % of the population

are affected by early stages of AMD. In contrast, about 0.2%

suffer a late form of macular degeneration characterized by choroidal

neovascularization (new blood vessel formation in the retina) with

fibrosis and formation of scars (in wet AMD) or geographic atrophy

(in dry AMD). (1)

The role of mitochondria in AMD

Mitochondria are cell organelles enclosed by a double membrane

in which oxidative phosphorylation, i. e. energy production using

oxygen, takes place. As the “power plants of the cells”, mitochondria

are responsible for generating more than 90% of the energy of

metabolism in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Anaerobic

processes can only produce 2 moles of ATP per mole of glucose.

Aerobic energy production via the respiratory chain located in the

mitochondria can generate 36 moles of ATP from one mole of

glucose. The mitochondria therefore enable energy production to be

18 times more efficient. Electrons are transferred from complex I and

complex II of the respiratory chain to coenzyme Q10, which transfers

them to complex III and via cytochrome C to complex IV. The electrons

are brought to a lower energy level and the released energy is

used to pump protons through the membrane to build up an electrochemical

gradient. At complex IV, the electrons are transferred to

oxygen to form water while consuming protons. The excess protons

between the inner and outer membrane are broken down at complex

V in order to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphorus with the

energy gained (Fig. 2).

Reactions with oxygen also produce relevant amounts of oxygen radicals

in the mitochondria. By transferring electrons to oxygen, superoxide

radicals (O 2

-) are formed in a magnitude of about two percent of

the oxygen converted. Antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 and anti-

H +

H +

H +

H +

e

Cyt C

Complex

Q10

Complex

e Complex Komplex Complex

I e e

e III

IV

V

Complex

II

NADH NAD+

O 2 2H 2 O

Succinate Fumarate

ADP+P ATP +H

H +

H +

H +

H + 2 O

Fig. 2: The energy from our food is used via the respiratory chain to pump electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. At

complex V, the proton gradient is broken down and the released energy is used to regenerate ATP, the cell's energy carrier.


27


oxidant scavenging enzymes can normally neutralize the free radicals

that are formed. If these protective mechanisms are impaired in their

function or the amount of radicals formed exceeds the capacity of the

antioxidative mechanisms, a dangerous state of crisis can develop,

since damage to the respiratory chain complexes by free radicals

further increases radical formation.

In the case of AMD, there is an increased formation of free radicals

primarily because a component of lipofuscin, the so-called A2E

(N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine) has an inhibitory effect on

complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A2E interrupts the

flow of electrons via cytochrome C to complex IV. As a result, more

electrons are transferred to oxygen at complex III and more superoxide

radicals are formed, which damage proteins and membrane

structures (Fig. 3). (2)

In addition, coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble

antioxidant that integrates into cellular

and mitochondrial membrane structures

and protects them from radical-induced

damage. Coenzyme Q10 can regenerate

other antioxidants such as vitamin C and

vitamin E, which can also scavenge more

free radicals. As a result, coenzyme Q10

can protect the body's own structures from

oxidative damage both directly and indirectly.

Due to the increased oxidative stress,

the retina has a relatively high concentration

of coenzyme Q10. However, the levels

decrease significantly with age (Fig. 4). Due

to the decreasing coenzyme Q10 content,

H + Superoxide radicals

. H +

O - 2

.

O - 2

Complex

Q10 e

Q10

Complex

I e e

e III

Complex

II

NADH NAD+

Succinate Fumarate

H +

.

O - H + 2

Complex

IV

N

A2E

OH

Fig. 3: A component of lipofuscin, A2E inhibits the transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. As a result, more

electrons are transferred to oxygen. As a result, more oxygen radicals are formed, which damage membrane structures and respiratory

chain complexes.

Apart from a directly harmful effect of the oxygen radicals, the reduced

ATP formation also has serious consequences that promote the further

progression of the disease. In the area of the macula, the effect of

the concentrated light requires an intensive repair capacity, which is

particularly dependent on the availability of energy in the form of ATP.

Impaired respiratory chain function ultimately results in a decreased

ability to repair photodamage, further deteriorating vision.

The influence of micronutrients

on the pathogenesis of AMD

There is currently no way to treat AMD causally. However, promising

studies have shown that the progression of the disease can be

stopped or at least slowed down by micronutrients that support antioxidant,

anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial function. It could even

be shown that micronutrients such as coenzyme Q10, acetyl-L-carnitine,

omega-3 fatty acids and lutein can significantly improve vision

in people with AMD.

Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a quinone with a side chain

consisting of 10 isoprene-units that transfers electrons between

respiratory chain complexes and can enhance energy production.

the antioxidant capacity of the tissues

decreases, while the load from oxygen radicals

increases. The positive effect of coenzyme

Q10 supplementation was confirmed

in a clinical study in which 106 participants

Coenzyme Q10-content (nmol/g dry weight)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

≤ 10 Years

Content retina

Content choroid

≥ 90 Years

Fig. 4: The coenzyme Q10 content of the retina

and the choroid lying under the retina decreases

with increasing age.

28 No. 1 April/May 2022


with AMD received either a dietary supplement

with acetyl-L-carnitine, omega-3 fatty

acids and coenzyme Q10 or a placebo. While

the visual performance in the placebo group

deteriorated significantly in the following 12

months, the participants in the verum group

showed a significant improvement in visual

functions. (3)

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Carnitine is formed from the amino acids

lysine and methionine and plays an essential

role in the transport of long-chain fatty

acids into the mitochondria. In its acetylated

form, carnitine can more easily cross cell

membranes and act inside the cell. Acetyl-

L-carnitine improves mitochondrial energy

production and reduces lipofuscin deposition

by promoting fat metabolism. In AMD,

supplementation together with coenzyme

Q10 and omega-3 fatty acids can significantly

improve visual parameters and slow

down disease progression. (3)

Omega-3 fatty acids

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are

polyunsaturated fatty acids that belong to the group of omega-3 fatty

acids and form structural components of cell membranes. In the

eye, high concentrations of DHA are stored in the outer segments of

the photoreceptor cells. Omega-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect

on membrane fluidity and the function of membrane-associated

proteins. This makes the membranes of the blood cells more flexible.

They can pass through the narrow capillaries of our blood vessels

more easily and improve tissue oxygenation. In AMD, supplementation

with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve antioxidant

capacity. A clinical study with 172 participants was also able to show

a positive influence on the optical density of the macular pigment and

a significantly beneficial effect on blood lipid levels. (4)

Lutein

The carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are stored in high concentrations

in the macula. They filter out large portions of the high-energy

blue-violet light and serve as “natural sunglasses” that mitigate the

harmful effects of the radiation. With a reduced carotenoid content

in the macula, there is both an increased harmful effect of the lipofuscin

deposits and increased exposure to light, which particularly

Expert in health ingredients and innovative formulations

www.seanova.fr

contact@seanova.fr +33(0)2 98 50 41 60

//


29


affects blue-sensitive photoreceptor cells.

With AMD, the perception of blue and

violet is therefore the first to fail. The colour

impression shifts towards grey to brown. It

could be shown that low carotenoid concentrations

in the macula are causally involved

in the development of AMD and can predict

corresponding eye damage with lead times

of around 20 years. (5) The macular pigment

lutein must be ingested with food because

the body cannot synthesize it from other

carotenoids such as β-carotene. The structurally

related carotenoid zeaxanthin, on the

other hand, can be synthesized from lutein

if required. A recent review that evaluated

data from more than 900 participants with

AMD showed significant improvements in

visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Accordingly,

supplementation of lutein increases

the pigment content of the macula in a dosedependent

manner. (6)

Improving bioavailability through

phospholipids

Coenzyme Q10 and lutein are not soluble in

water and only have a limited solubility in fats.

The active ingredients tend to agglomerate

in the gastrointestinal tract when supplemented

in powder capsule or tablet form.

As a result, only molecules on the surface

of the agglomerates can be absorbed by the

enterocytes of the small intestine, while the

majority pass through the body unchanged.

However, a significant improvement in bioavailability

can be achieved by forming emulsions

with natural phospholipids (lecithin), in

which the active ingredients are present in

small droplets coated with lecithin (Fig. 5).

Lecithin is also a natural component of bile

that facilitates the absorption of dietary fats

and fat-soluble nutrients. A crossover study

was able to show that the bioavailability of

coenzyme Q10 can be improved by a factor

of five with an appropriate formulation. (7)


Philipp Gebhardt

65779 Kelkheim, Germany

p.gebhardt@mitotherapie.de

Conclusion

7

2

1

Fig. 5: Improvement of the bioavailability of

coenzyme Q10 by formulation with lecithin: Coenzyme

Q10 is packaged in ultra-small droplets

with natural phospholipids [1]. The absorption

of the coenzyme begins in the mouth via the oral

mucosa [2]. The lecithin shell protects the active

ingredients from the harsh environment of the

stomach [3]. Lecithin is a natural component of

bile that facilitates the digestion of dietary fats

and fat-soluble nutrients [4]. The prepackaged

coenzyme Q10 can be absorbed much better

by the enterocytes of the small intestine [5]. In

the enterocytes, fat-soluble nutrients are packed

into chylomicrons or lipoproteins with the help

of phospholipids [6]. For systemic distribution,

the coenzyme Q10-containing chylomicrons are

released into the lymph and the coenzyme Q10-

containing lipoproteins into the blood [7].

The development of age-related macular

degeneration is promoted by a low carotenoid

content in the macula. The carotenoid lutein

can improve the eye’s natural sun protection

and thus reduce the harmful effects of light

and the light-induced formation of oxygen

radicals. Antioxidants such as coenzyme

Q10 can increase the neutralization capacity

for oxygen radicals and help to protect the

eyes. In addition to its antioxidant effect,

coenzyme Q10 is characterized by the fact

that it improves the function of the respiratory

chain and contributes to energy production.

In addition to a low intake of lutein with

food, smoking and high blood pressure are

considered risk factors for AMD. (8) In addition,

increased concentrations of the toxic

metabolic intermediate homocysteine and

reduced vitamin B12 levels have also been

identified as risk factors. (9)

3

Enterozyte

6

5

4

References

(1) Brandl, C., Stark, K. J., Wintergerst, M., Heinemann,

M., Heid, I. M., & Finger, R. P. (2016). Epidemiologie der

altersbedingten Makuladegeneration. Der Ophthalmologe,

113(9), 735-745.

(2) Suter, M., Remé, C., Grimm, C., Wenzel, A., Jättela, M.,

Esser, P., ... & Richter, C. (2000). Age-related macular

degeneration the lipofuscin componentn-retinyl-n-retinylidene

ethanolamine detaches proapoptotic proteins

from mitochondria and induces apoptosis in mammalian

retinal pigment epithelial cells. Journal of Biological

Chemistry, 275(50), 39625-39630.

(3) Feher, J., Kovacs, B., Kovacs, I., Schveoller, M., Papale,

A., & Gabrieli, C. B. (2005). Improvement of visual functions

and fundus alterations in early age-related macular

degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine,

n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Ophthalmologica,

219(3), 154-166.

(4) Arnold, C., Winter, L., Fröhlich, K., Jentsch, S.,

Daw czynski, J., Jahreis, G., & Böhm, V. (2013). Macular

xanthophylls and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty

acids in age-related macular degeneration: a randomized

trial. JAMA ophthalmology, 131(5), 564-572.

(5) Arunkumar, R., Calvo, C. M., Conrady, C. D., & Bernstein,

P. S. (2018). What do we know about the macular

pigment in AMD: the past, the present, and the future.

Eye, 32(5), 992-1004.

(6) Feng, L., Nie, K., Jiang, H., & Fan, W. (2019). Effects of

lutein supplementation in age-related macular degeneration.

PloS one, 14(12).

(7) Wajda, R., Zirkel, J., & Schaffer, T. (2007). Increase of

bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E. Journal of

medicinal food, 10(4), 731-734.

(8) Hyman, L., & Neborsky, R. (2002). Risk factors for agerelated

macular degeneration: an update. Current opinion

in ophthalmology, 13(3), 171-175.

(9) Rochtchina, E., Wang, J. J., Flood, V. M., & Mitchell, P.

(2007). Elevated serum homocysteine, low serum vitamin

B12, folate, and age-related macular degeneration: the

Blue Mountains Eye Study. American journal of ophthalmology,

143(2), 344-346.

30 No. 1 April/May 2022

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Apart from the macronutrients fats, carbohydrates and

proteins an adequate supply of minerals is essential for the

health and performance of athletes. Calcium, Potassium and

Magnesium are among the best-known minerals, but also

trace elements like Iron and Zinc are of high importance –

especially for athletes. These minerals and trace elements

ensure optimal functioning of muscles and nerves, besides

they are involved in the formation of bones and in the regulation

of blood pressure. 1

Athletes have an increased need for minerals

and trace elements due to a higher demand

on the metabolism and the loss through

perspiration. The most common deficient

minerals are Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium,

Potassium as well as Iron, Zinc. 2 Depending

on the type of sport, the intensity and extent

of exercise, and individual factors (e. g. nutritional

behaviour, sweat rate and composi-

Element

Nutrient

Reference

Values 4 (NRV)

Mineral Concentration

in Sweat with approx. 60 min

of physical exercise 5, 6

Functions within the Body

Calcium 800 mg 11–36 mg/l Muscle function – regulation of contraction,

energy metabolism

Magnesium 375 mg 0.84–2.36 mg/l Maintenance of bones, muscle function – counterpart

to Calcium, protein synthesis, energy

metabolism, decrease of tiredness/fatigue

Potassium 2000 mg 167–236 mg/l Blood pressure, muscle function

Iron 14 mg 0.56–1.12 mg/l Formation of red blood cells/haemoglobin,

oxygen transport, reduction of tiredness/fatigue

Zinc 10 mg 0.92–1.23 mg/l Cell protection from oxidative stress, immune

system, metabolism of macronutrients,

protein synthesis

32 No. 1 April/May 2022


tion), athletes may be at increased risk of

suboptimal supply of some micronutrients. 3

In addition to the daily diet, dietary supplements

can help to ensure the supply of all

important minerals and trace elements.

The detection of mineral deficiency symptoms

is still rather difficult. 1 Usually such

symptoms are unspecific, e. g. general indisposition

or fatigue. As minerals are fixed with

liquid compartments, every loss of water

is also a loss of minerals. 1 Especially for

athletes the replenishment of mineral losses

is of special importance.

Nutrition is an important tool in terms of

performance optimisation and regeneration.

There is no perfect formula to satisfy

every athlete’s personal nutritional needs, as

every sport has its own specific strain on the

human body and every athlete is physically

different. 2

Sports nutrition was a niche sector in the past

and has developed into a growth market. At

the same time, customers became more

diverse. It formerly used to be elite athletes

who would focus nutrition, whereas now it

can be the office worker commuting by bike,

who has an interest in nutrition in order to

support a healthy lifestyle. 7

Power sports

The category “power sports” can be divided into three main areas:

maximum strength, quickness and strength endurance. The goal of

power sports is to set free the highest amount of muscular power

possible over a usually short duration. 1

In addition to the macronutrients, mineral salts are a key factor for

successful competition. Training sessions are not as long as in endurance

sport, a remineralisation during training is not required. 8 Nevertheless,

minerals as important micronutrients ensure that the muscle

can be used up to its full potential, supporting muscle contraction,

energy metabolism as well as the nervous system. 9

Popular sports

The category “popular sports” summarises physically active people,

exercising to keep a certain level of fitness or as a hobby. The category

is nondependent on the type of exercise. As the strains are not

as demanding as those of competing athletes, a coordinated nutrition

is usually not of high importance. Though, nutritional considerations

are not irrelevant for them, as they support the build-up of power and

stamina.

As popular sports are physically demanding as well, sweat is lost

during performance. Compared to competing athletes, “untrained

people” have a different composition of the sweat, due to the fact, that

the organism is not as used to intensive strains. The sweat contains

more minerals as opposed to trained athletes, who are able to recover

some minerals with their sweat glands and whose sweat contains less

minerals in general. 1

Endurance athletes

The main goal of an endurance athlete is to

hold the highest possible power for a specific

period. The need of macronutrients, especially

carbohydrates, is high due to of the

increased amounts of energy, these athletes

transform over a long period.

Besides macronutrients, hydration is an

important factor, endurance athletes should

focus on. As muscle activity produces heat,

the body uses the endothermic effect of the

evaporation of the sweat in order to prevent

the danger of overheating. Perspiration leads

to an increased need for water and minerals,

as sweat contains about 2–3 g of mineral

salts per litre. 1 However, after long lasting

exercises with intensive losses of sweat and

thus minerals, it is generally recommended

to replenish the lost minerals. 8

Photo © : iStock/GlobalStock


33


The function of minerals for athletes

Calcium

Calcium is a bivalent metal and corresponds to 1.5 % of the human

bodyweight. 1 About 99 % of the amount is bound in bones and teeth.

Together with phosphate, it is of high importance for their stability. 10

The body uses the Calcium stores in the bones as a reservoir. Additionally,

Calcium plays a key role in regulating various processes in

neural transmission, as well as in the haemostasis, the stabilisation

of cell membranes and the regulation of metabolism-processes. 9

Furthermore, Calcium is responsible for all muscle contractions via

the transmission of stimuli from the neural system to the muscle cell.

A deficiency has an impact on the maximum tension capacity during

strength training. Symptoms like a rising excitability of the muscle or

cramps can be the consequence. 10

Magnesium

Since Magnesium is an activator of all reactions involving ATP

(Adenosine Triphosphate), it is of high importance to physical

performance. 1 The body of a 70 kg adult, contains 20–28 grams of

Magnesium. In combination with Calcium, about 60 % of Magnesium

is stored in the bones as hydroxyapatite. The remaining Magnesium

can be found to 35 % in intracellular and to 5 % in extracellular

solution. 10

The Magnesium is used for growth and stabilization of bones. Additional

functions are to be an essential cofactor of more than 300

enzymes in the metabolism, support of muscle contraction, synthesis

of proteins and nucleic acids as well as the release of hormones

and neurotransmitters. Magnesium is a catalyzer for ATP-dependant

enzyme systems and therefore part of the energy-metabo lism.

Together with Potassium, Calcium and Sodium it is necessary for

the transition of chemical into mechanical energy in the muscles.

Magnesium is the counterpart of Calcium. While Calcium is responsible

for passing on the stimulus to the muscle, Magnesium closes

the ion channel again and prevents the continuous tensioning of the

muscle. 1

A deficiency (hypomagnesemia) hampers the appropriate relaxation

mechanism of Magnesium and can cause spasms and tensions

in muscles. Other signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia

include anything from mild tremors and generalized weakness to

vascular spasms of heart and blood vessels and cardiac arrhythmia.

Hypomagnesemia can be innate or occur due to reduced resorption,

increased excretion or medication but in the most common

cases due to insufficient supply. 11 In Germany alone, 26 % of men

and 29 % of women do not reach the daily amount of magnesium

recommended by the D-A-CH reference values. 11 In addition to a

diet low in Magnesium, sporting activity is also a factor that can lead

to an undersupply. During intensive sporting activity, a high proportion

of Magnesium is lost, especially through sweat. 2 This makes a

balanced Magnesium intake vital, especially for athletes.

Potassium

More than 90 % of Potassium in the human

organism is located in the intracellular

medium. 10 As the most important intracellular

cation, Potassium is responsible for

the maintenance of the intracellular osmotic

pressure and it is involved in many metabolic

processes as well. 12

Symptoms of a Potassium deficiency are

diverse. They vary from apathy, to decreased

neuromuscular stimulation, cramps, gastrointestinal

complaints, tachycardia, kidney

damage, decreased glucose tolerance and

1, 8, 12, 13, 14

cardiac dysfunctions.

Athletes can be at risk of Potassium deficiency

for multiple reasons. For once Potassium

is closely bound to the glycogen

metabolism. During the metabolisation of

glycogen, Potassium is set free, which is

in turn needed for the resynthesis. 1 Moreover,

Potassium is lost through increased

sweating during long strains. 10,12 Especially

endurance athletes prone to heavy perspiration

should therefore be advised to consume

additional Potassium. 15

Iron

Iron is the most important trace element in

the human organism, with body stores of

3–5 g. 10 Nutritional Iron is available as haem

Iron and ionised Iron, respectively Fe (II) and

Fe (III). 16

Iron is a central component of red blood

cells. Without Iron, the blood could not transport

oxygen and supply the muscles. In the

muscle, it is present as the central component

of myoglobin in order to transport

oxygen into the heart and skeletal muscle

tissue. It acts as an antioxidant and is an

important component of the electron transport

chain for the production of ATP. 17

Iron deficiency is associated with altered

metabolic processes. Physical manifestations

of an iron deficiency are e. g. anaemia,

fatigue and weakness, pale skin, brittle

nails. In the field of sports nutrition, Iron is

regarded as one of the most critical micronutrients

18 and counterintuitively iron deficiency

is one of the most commonly diag-

34 No. 1 April/May 2022


nosed mineral deficiencies in sports medicine.

19 The high incidence of Iron depletion

among athletes is usually linked to an inadequate

energy intake. Factors affecting the

Iron status are e. g. vegetarian diet, periods

of rapid growth, training at high altitudes,

increased Iron losses in sweat, and other

body fluids. 19

Iron is involved in the transport and metabolism

of oxygen for aerobic energy production

during endurance exercise. Athletes

with suboptimal Iron status may experience

reduced exercise capacity and impaired

sports performance. 20 Once an iron deficiency

has developed, the recovering can

take months. 21 The Iron supplementation of

iron-deficient athletes improves blood biochemical

measures and iron status on the

one hand, on the other hand it also increases

work capacity as evidenced by increasing

oxygen uptake, reduces the heart rate and

decreases the lactate concentration during

exercise. 18

utes to the protein synthesis and is involved

in the adaptation process of training stimuli,

process of growth, wound healing and

general functions of the immune system. 19

However, a relatively low Zinc status has

been observed in many athletes, which is

caused by an insufficient intake with food

and increased losses through urine and

sweat. Continuously high exercise volumes

and additional strains induced through

the participation in competitions lead to

increased Zinc losses. As a result, active

athletes generally have higher Zinc requirements.

Especially at risk are high endurance

athletes, athletes using a hypocaloric

diet in order to compete in certain weight

classes and vegetarian or vegan athletes. If

an increased Zinc intake cannot be achieved

through an adjusted diet, supplementation is

1, 10, 19, 22

a sensible remedy.

How to find the best mineral salt

The choice to the anionic part of a mineral

salt is of particular importance. Beside

physi cal and chemical properties like solubility,

pH-value and taste, anions have also

an important influence on the bioavailability

Bioactive Collagen Peptides stimulate

the body's own collagen metabolism

Zinc

Zinc is a trace element with a relatively

small storage capacity in the human body,

compared to Iron. Hence, large quantities of

Zinc cannot be mobilised if higher requirements

arise. Therefore, a constant intake of

Zinc through food or food supplements is

indispensable. 10

Zinc fulfils catalytic, structural and regulatory

functions in the organism and is

involved in more than 300 metalloenzymes,

as a co-factor or as an integral part. As Zincdependent

enzymes are present in all metabolic

areas. It is also involved in almost all

life processes and thus also in antioxidative

mechanisms. Moreover, Zinc itself has an

antioxidative effect, since it is able to bind

to various molecules and to protect them

against oxidative damage. A Zinc deficiency

manifests in a reduced immunological

defence, dermatitis, hair loss, and delayed

wound healing. 10

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and the compatibility. Organic acids promote the absorption of certain cations, like Magnesium,

Calcium, and Iron. Citrate, malate and fumarate are part of the citric acid cycle within

the human metabolic pathway and are therefore easy to digest. Fully reacted mineral salts

from amino acids like bisglycinates are known for an excellent bioavailability and are well

tolerated.

Mineral Salts of Dr. Paul Lohmann ® are especially designed for the use in food supplements.

They fulfill the purity parameters for ready to use food supplements already in the raw material

state. These quality parameters were decreed by the European Commission to ensure the

constantly high quality and purity of food supplements. Different techniques of particle size

engineering like micronization, granulation or microencapsulation is a strength of Dr. Paul

Lohmann ® . Tailor-made product developments and product adaptions are carried out in close

collaboration with the customers.

Best performer in sports nutrition

Mineral Salt Soluble Insoluble

Calcium

Magnesium

Iron

Zinc

Potassium

Dr. Paul Lohmann GmbH & Co. KGaA

Hauptstr. 2

31860 Emmerthal/Germany

sales@lohmann4minerals.com

www.lohmann4minerals.com

Calcium Bisglycinate

Calcium Lactate PLUS

Magnesium Bisglycinate

Magnesium Citrate

Magnesium Citrate Malate*

Magnesium Gluconate

Ferrous Bisglycinate

Ferrous Gluconate

Ferrous Sulfate

Zinc Bisglycinate

Zinc Ascorbate*

Potassium Magnesium Citrate

Potassium Citrate

*Only permitted for food supplements in Europe


Calcium Citrate

Calcium Citrate Malate

Magnesium Carbonate

Magnesium Lactate

Magnesium Malate*

Magnesium Phosphate

Ferrous Fumarate

Ferric Pyrophosphate

Zinc Citrate

Zinc Malate*

Zinc Sulfate

-

References

1

Baron, D., & Berg, A. (2005). Optimale Ernährung des

Sportlers. Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag.

2

Neumann, G. (2016). Ernährung im Sport. Aachen:

Meyer & Meyer Verlag.

3

Sawka Mn, Burke Lm, Eichner Er, Maughan Rj, Montain Sj,

Stachenfeld Ns. American College of Sports Medicine position

stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports

Exerc. 2007; 39: 377-390.

4

Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament

and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of

food information to consumers

5

Montain Sj, Cheuvront Sn, Lukaski Hc. Sweat mineralelement

responses during 7 h of exercise-heat stress. Int

J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2007; 17: 574-582. doi:10.1123/

ijsnem.17.6.574

6

Chinevere Td, Kenefick Rw, Cheuvront Sn, Lukaski Hc,

Sawka Mn. Effect of heat acclimation on sweat minerals.

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40: 886-891. doi:10.1249/

MSS.0b013e3181641c04

7

Carey, A. (2017). A healthy market - the rise and rise of

sports nutrition. International Journal of Nutraceuticals,

Functional Foods and Health Ingredients, vol. 28, issue 6,

S. 6-7.

8

Vollmer, G., & al., e. (1995). Lebensmittelführer 2.

Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.

9

Biesalski, H. K., & ad., e. (2002). Vitamine, Spurenelemente

und Mineralstoffe. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.

10

Hahn, A., & Schuchardt, J. (2011). Minerals - Metabolism,

functions, Requirement. Hamburg: B. Behr's Verlag.

11

https://www.mri.bund.de/fileadmin/MRI/Institute/EV/

NVSII_Abschlussbericht_Teil_2.pdf, 22.03.2022

12

Scholz, H. (1996). Mineralstoffe + Spurenelemente.

Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.

13

Friesenwinkel, H. (2005). Mineralstoffe. München:

Knaur Ratgeber Verlage.

14

Zimmermann, M. (2003). Mikronährstoffe in der Medizin,

3. Aufl. Stuttgart: Karl F. Haug Verlag.

15

Holmes, N., Bates, G., Zhao, Y., Sherriff, J., & Miller, V.

(2016). The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Sweat Rate and

Sweat Sodium and Potassium Losses in Trained Endurance

Athletes. Annal of Sports Medicine and Research, vol. 3,

issue 2, S. 1-4.

16

Schümann, K., & Weiss, G. (2002). Eisen. In H. Biesalski,

J. Köhrle, & K. Schümann, Vitamine, Spurenelemente und

Mineralstoffe - Prävention und Therapie mit Mikronährstoffen

(S. 137-147). Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.

17

Suedekum, N., & Dimeff, R. (2005). Iron and the athlete.

Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 4, issue 4, S.

199-202.

18

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, A. o., Canada, D. o.,

& Medicine, A. C. (2016). Nutrition and Athletic Performance.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 48,

issue 3, S. 543-568.

19

Platen, P. (2002). Mikronährstoffe in der Sportmedizin. In

K. Biesalski, J. Köhrle, & K. Schümann, Vitamine, Spurenelemente

und Mineralstoffe - Prävention und Therapie mit

Mikronährstoffen (S. 326-342). Stuttgart: Georg Thieme

Verlag.

20

Koehler, K., Braun, H., Achtzehn, S., Hildebrand, U.,

Predel, H.-G., Mester, J., & Schänzer, W. (2012). Iron status

in elite young athletes; gender-dependent influences of

diet and exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology,

vol. 112, issue 2, S. 513-523.

21

Deakin, V. (2006). Iron depletion in athletes. In L. Burke,

& V. Deakin, Clinical sports nutrition 3 rd ed. (S. Ch. 10 1-9).

Sydney; New York: McGraw-Hill.

22

Fuhrman, J., & Deana, M. (2010). Fueling the Vegetarian

(Vegan) Athlete. Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 9,

issue 4, S. 233-241.

36 No. 1 April/May 2022

Active ingredients

Photo © : Capsularis/Unsplash

A “new generation” of liposomes

Although liposomes are on the rise, the

products on the market often present

problems of stability, traceability

and organoleptic quality. Drawing on

their expertise in microencapsulation,

Capsularis has developed a unique

liposomal process that places quality

and naturality at the heart of the manufacturing

process, in order offer to their

customers premium liposomes 100 %

Made in France.

Capsularis offers vitamin C liposomes under

the L-VITAL C ® brand. Is it just an additional

offer from a company that made the vectorization

of active ingredients its specialty?

Not exactly: the technology used provides

surprising solutions on the organoleptic level

which renew the application of liposomes.

Natural health supplements contain many

active ingredients, such as vitamins, trace

elements, antioxidants, etc. Digestion can

degrade these active ingredients, or they can be poorly absorbed by

the body. Their effectiveness can therefore be reduced. In order to

improve the assimilation of vitamin C, Capsularis offers you its innovation,

a microencapsulated vitamin C, in liposomal form: L-VITAL C ® .

“When we started to develop a drinkable solution incorporating

our liposomes, we were pleasantly surprised by its very pleasant

taste and its remarkable stability”, reveals Stéphane Lozachmeur,

founder and manager of Capsularis. “This innovation in the field of

liposomes will allow us to bring innovation to our customers”. Innovation

is anchored in the DNA of the company founded in 2008 and

which relies in particular on a microencapsulation process developed

in-house. The company, which has nearly twenty people, has

its own R&D department which is equipped with a pilot lab to validates

the scale-up.

To develop its liposomes, the Capsularis R&D team focused on technologies

for producing lipid vectors used in the pharmaceutical

industry. The company invested in a production unit, which makes it

possible to produce liposomes smaller than 200 nm. Another advantage

of this new production equipment: the technology makes it

possible to produce at low temperatures, which contributes to the

preservation of active ingredients.


37

Active ingredients

What is a liposome?

The word liposome, also called “lipid body”, comes from the Greek

lipos, which means fat, and soma, the body. The discovery of

liposomes dates back to the 1960s, during work carried out by Alec

Bangham in Cambridge 1 . Liposomes were initially developed as a

model of biological membranes, through their ability to imitate cell

membranes. They have long been studied as vectors of active principles

2 .

The liposome is a lipid vesicle which carries an active ingredient.

Photo © : Capsularis/Her-bak Médias

The structure of the liposome is similar to the cell membranes of

our body.


Liposomes are made up of phospholipids, fatty substances present in

our diet. They are found for example in cereals, nuts, eggs, sunflower.

A phospholipid is composed of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic

tails.

Thanks to its small size and this biomimicry, the liposome fuses with

cell membranes. The active ingredient crosses the intestinal barrier

more easily thanks to a mechanism called endocytosis. The active

ingredient is released directly into the body, its bioavailability is thus

improved.

Thanks to their small size and to the phospholipids that make up

their membrane, liposomes can be absorbed intact by certain cell

types in the intestine. Therefore, vitamin C in liposomal form will

partly bypass the classic absorption pathways which are saturable

and will be more bioavailable than its non-liposomal counterpart. 3

Studies have also shown that liposomal vitamin C is almost twice

as bioavailable in the blood, compared to conventional vitamin C. 4-5

The bioavailability of the active ingredient contained in the liposome

is thus improved.

Liposomes allow:

– A protection of active ingredients from acid attacks in the stomach

– An Improved bioavailability

“We decided to develop our own liposomal formulations to offer on

one hand a product Made in France and on the other hand because

we believed that our expertise in microencapsulation would bring a

differentiating element to the market.”


Phospholipids are naturally organized into bilayers, then into

liposomes in which an active ingredient can be encapsulated.

Major breakthrough: Capsularis offers liposomes in a stable liquid

form. There is a plethora of liposomes in powder form on the market,

but liposomes need water to live/exist. Without it, their structure

becomes unstable and breaks down: liposomes become unable to

hold active ingredients in their heart.

38 No. 1 April/May 2022

Active ingredients

Essential Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid, isolated in 1931 and synthesized

in 1933 by two Nobel Prize winners in

chemistry, is one of the vitamins described

as essential for the optimal functioning of

the human body. However, ascorbic acid

can cause hyperacidity in the body. A more

interesting choice to avoid this hyperacidity

is vitamin C in the form of sodium ascorbate,

which is none other than the sodium

salt of L-ascorbic acid. Since the body is

unable to synthesize vitamin C, we must

find it in our diet.

Vitamin C health benefits are numerous, and

the most famous one is its antioxidant power.

It is also an enzymatic cofactor essential to

many biochemical reactions in the body.

Proven health benefits:

– Helps reduce fatigue

– Strong antioxidant power to neutralize

excess free radicals, essential for cell

protection. It protects cells from oxidative

stress and premature cell aging.

– Contributes to the normal formation of

collagen to ensure the normal function of

the skin, teeth, gums, bones, cartilages

and blood vessels.

– Contributes to the proper functioning of

the immune system (during and after

intense physical exercise) and of the

nervous system

– Contributes to normal psychological

functions

– Contributes to normal energy metabolism

and increases iron absorption.

– Contributes to the regeneration of the

reduced form of vitamin E

L-VITAL C benefits

– Liquid form: optimal efficiency/high

assimilation

– Absence of acidity (gastric), excellent

digestive tolerance

– Superior organoleptic qualities

– Stability of liposomes over time

– Traceability and quality of raw materials

– Liposome size control

– GMO-free, dye-free manufacturing

– Suitable for the vegan diet

– Produced in France, Brittany

References

1

Meybeck A., Les liposomes en cosmétique, l’actualité chimique, 2008, 323-324, p.60.

2

He et al. Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 9(1),

2019, 36-48.

3

He et al. Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 9(1),

2019, 36-48

4

Hickey S, Roberts HJ, Miller NJ. Pharmacokinetics of oral vitamin C. J Nutr Environ Med.

2008, 17(3):169–177.

5

Gopi et al. Evaluation and Clinical Comparison Studies on Liposomal and Non-Liposomal

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and their Enhanced Bioavailability. Journal of Liposome

Research, 2020, 1–35.

WATER SOLUBLE GUAR BEAN

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Enhances mineral absorption

Lowers glycaemic index of foods

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info@taiyogmbh.com · www.taiyogmbh.com


39


Photo © : AdobeStock/fabiomax

Natural solutions in baked goods. From early

civilizations to modern innovation!

A few years ago, charred remains of a flatbread baked

14,000 years old, was found in the Jordanian desert. This

fact could attest bread is the most compelling evidence of

humans moving from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural-based

societies. Baking is probably one of the most

ancient processes ever created by human kind. Wheat was

already cultivated by the first civilizations in human history.

They learned that wheat kernels could be grinded and transformed

into flour, and by adding water to it and baking it,

bread would be obtained.

Nowadays, in modern and western societies, baked cereal pro ducts

are one of the most consumed goods, and also one of the main

sources of energy in human nutrition. This high and increasing

demand of baked goods, is driving the manufacturers of the food

industry to keep innovating and developing new formulations that can

meet the quality requirements that the global population demands, in

terms of safety, health and sustainability.

To produce basic products such as bread, biscuits, cakes and pastry,

the baking industry uses a wide range of natural raw materials. The

essential ingredients for all baked products are flour, water and salt.

In addition, for bread products, yeast, fats and minor ingredients can

be included in the recipe.

Therefore, when a new formula of a baked

product is designed, the impact of new

ingredients on the chemical transformations

occurring during the production chain has

to be determined. During preparation and

baking of cereal products, many complex

phenomena occur in the dough, leading to

textural, physicochemical and organoleptic

changes. Among the most important, we can

cite volume expansion, starch gelatinisation,

protein denaturation, fat melting, browning

and formation of flavour compounds.

Also, changing ingredients may have an

impact on the main reactions occurring

during the baking process, such as the

Maillard reaction, caramelisation and lipid

oxidation. The Maillard reaction occurs

between the carbonyl groups of reducing

sugars and the free amine functions of

amino acids, peptides and proteins. Caramelisation

depends on direct degradation

of sugars. Lipid oxidation is a radical chain

reaction, which can be decomposed into

40 No. 1 April/May 2022


three phases (initiation with formation of

free radicals, propagation and finally termination

with formation of non-radical products).

Whereas the Maillard reaction and

caramelisation need high activation energy

and thus mainly occur during thermal treatments,

lipid oxidation requires low energy

along with oxygen.

Fats impart taste and texture to the product

but because they susceptible to oxidation

leading to the development of rancidity and

off-flavour through the autooxidation or lipid

oxidation reactions, additives, such as antioxidants

are also added to the mixture.

Antioxidants have become an indispensable

group of food additives mainly because

of their unique properties of enhancing

the shelf life of food products without any

damage to sensory or nutritional qualities.

Concerns about the safety of synthetic antioxidants

have given rise to a large body of

research on natural sources of antioxidants.

Natural antioxidants allow food processors

to produce stable products with ‘‘clean’’

labels of all-natural ingredients. They bring

less rigorous burden-of-safety proof than

that required for synthetic products. In addition

to their antioxidant activity, some natural

antioxidants, such as vitamins, minerals,

and enzymes, are also regarded as nutrients

due to their bioactivity.

Tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively

known as tocols, are monophenolic and lipophilic

compounds that are widely distributed in plant tissues. The

main commercial source of natural tocopherols is the soybean oil.

Tocotrienols, less common than tocopherols, are present in palm oil,

rice bran oil, as well ascereals and legumes. Tocopherols and tocotrienols

are classified into alpha, beta, gamma, delta, depending on

their chemical structures. These eight molecules are part of the group

known as vitamin E.

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are primary antioxidants, which act by

terminating the free-radical chain reaction by donating hydrogen or

electrons to free radicals and converting them to more stable products.

Secondary antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, lecithin

or flavonoids can be also added to the products. Secondary antioxidants

can be broadly classified as oxygen scavengers and chelators.

They have a synergic effect, together with tocopherols, as they

act as hydrogen donors to the tocopheryl radical, thereby regenerating

the primary antioxidant. Hence tocopherols can be used at

lower levels if a synergist is incorporated simultaneously in the food

product.

In order to protect the baked goods from oxidation, antioxidants can

be applied either to the final product, or directly to the oil previous

to the mixing of ingredients. To measure the efficacy of tocopherolbased

antioxidants, accelerated oxidation tests have been performed.

In the first experiment, the Rancimat test was used. It is a simple,

quick an efficient way to screen the effectiveness of antioxidants

used in fats and oils. The method is an accelerated oxidation test in

which the oil or fat to be tested is run at elevated temperatures whilst

exposing the sample to air, accelerating the oxidation process of the

oil. Soybean oil, one of the mayor oils in the baking industry, was

mixed with different tocopherol-based natural antioxidants.

Tocobiol ® is a natural antioxidant made from the distillation of a single

raw ingredient, whole non-GMO soybean oil. It naturally contains

mixed tocopherols, plant sterols, squalene and monoglycerides

which provide its unique antioxidant and dispersibility properties.


It can be concluded that the use of tocopherols and its blends with

other secondary natural antioxidants is a very effective method for

protecting the fats and oils present in baking goods towards autoxidation

and avoid rancidity in the final product.

As it can be seen in Table 1, the addition of synergic antioxidants,

such as the flavonoids present in green tea extract, ascorbyl palmitate,

produced a significant increase in the stability of the oil, even

higher than that produces by a tocopherol rich extract.

A second experiment was performed on pretzel dough, using the

RapidOxy method. The principle of this technique lies in the artificial

acceleration of the oxidation process by increasing the temperature

and oxygen pressure, which is in contact with the sample in a

sealed chamber. This method allows us to measure the oxidation of

solid products, such as this case.

References

1. Amaia Arranz-Otaegui, Lara Gonzalez Carretero, Monica N. Ramsey, Dorian Q. Fuller, and

Tobias Richter. “Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago

in northeastern Jordan” PNAS

2. Walker, C.E., and Eustace, W.D. “Wheat Processing” Encyclopedia of Food Grains, vol. 3,

Elsevier Ltd., 2016, pp. 299–304

3. Murielle Maire, Barbara Rega, Marie-Elisabeth Cuvelier, Paola Soto, Pierre Giampaoli.

"Lipid oxidation in baked products: Impact of formula and process on the generation of

volatile compounds”. Food Chemistry 141 (2013) 3510–3518

4. B. Nanditha, P. Prabhasankar. “Antioxidants in Bakery Products: A Review”. Critical

Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 49:1–27 (2009)

5. S. S. Sahi, Campden BRI. “Applications of natural ingredients in baked goods” Natural

Food Additives, Ingredients and Flavourings, 318-332

6. A. Sayago, M.I. Marín, R. Aparicio, y M.T. Morales. “Vitamina E y aceites vegetales”

GRASAS Y ACEITES, 58 (1), ENERO-MARZO, 74-86, 2007

7. Bailey’s Industrial Oils and Fat Products: Sixth Edition, Six Volume Set. Chapter 12.

Edited by Fereidon Shahidi (2005). John Wiley & Son, Inc


BTSA

Tecnoalcalá Calle Arroba 4. 28805

Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

info@btsa.com

www.btsa.com

42 No. 1 April/May 2022

Oil and fats

Photo © : AdobeStock/anaumenko

Valuable fats

Virgin coconut oil and MCT oil: effective

energy suppliers

The coconut is a real all-rounder:

the nectar of its flowers yields valuable

coconut sugar, whilst refreshing

coconut water is obtained from green

and unripe coconuts. Coconut milk is

a prized vegan and lactose-free milk

substitute and the fatty flesh of the

coconut is used to make many pro ducts

besides milk, such as high-quality

virgin coconut oil and special MCT oil.

These oils are particularly valuable for

their medium-chain fatty acids, since

this makes them important suppliers of

energy. Import Promotion Desk (IPD)

supports Sri Lankan producers of virgin

coconut oil and MCT oil and accompanies

them to the European market.

Special fatty acids

Once the coconut is cracked, the inside

comes to light. If the coconut is ripe this

consists mainly of fruit flesh, with very little coconut water left.

The white flesh tastes sweet and slightly nutty. It contains a mix of

minerals, such as potassium, sodium, iron and magnesium, plenty

of fibre and few carbohydrates. Also, the wide variety of vitamins in

the flesh, including vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 and E should

be highlighted.

In addition, coconut flesh is high in fat and calories: it has a fat

content of 36.5 grams per 100 grams. It contains mainly saturated

fatty acids, that means medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). These fatty

acids of medium-chain length, i. e. of six to twelve carbon atoms, can

be split up and digested more easily than the usual dietary fats with

long-chain fatty acids. Therefore, the body can convert them into

energy more quickly, making them very effective energy suppliers.

Example: lauric acid

One of these medium-chain fatty acids is lauric acid. It was named

after “Laurus nobilis“, the Latin name for laurel, and the oil of the

laurel consists largely of lauric acid. Cold-pressed coconut oil is also

known for its high level of lauric acid, which is said to have an antiviral

and antibacterial effect, protect against infections and be good


43

Oil and fats

for intestinal health. As a skincare product,

coconut oil is thought to provide protection

against ticks due to the scent of lauric acid.

Coconut oil is also used to treat muscle pain.

Cold pressed: virgin coconut oil

Photo © : Asian Agro

To produce cold-pressed coconut oil, known

as “virgin coconut oil”, the flesh is separated

from the nut and crushed. Before pressing,

the fresh, watery flesh must be dried. The

dried coconut, called “copra”, is then coldpressed

in an oil mill. Virgin coconut oil is

neither bleached, hardened nor deodorised.

The production process has a major influence

on the quality and possible uses of

coconut oil. The IPD companies from Sri

Lanka only offer virgin coconut oil. Through

modern equipment, analytical procedures

and quality management systems they have

specialised in gentle pressing.

Photo © : Nisudha

Photo © : Nisudha

Coconut oil changes its aggregate state

quickly depending on the temperature: at

temperatures below 25 degrees, coconut

oil is solid and white; at temperatures above

that, it becomes clear and liquid. Coconut fat

and oil are therefore not different products,

but are instead coconut oil in solid or liquid

form depending on the ambient temperature.

Virgin coconut oil has the typical nutty and

exotic aroma of the coconut. Due to its high

content of saturated fatty acids, it is also

heat-stable. It is therefore well suited for

cooking and baking, as well as frying and

deep-frying. Another field of application is

cosmetics: coconut oil is often used in skin

care products.

The coconut island: Sri Lanka

Photo © : Nisudha

Sri Lanka is one of the main areas where

coconut palms are cultivated and the

fourth largest global exporter of coconuts

and coconut products. The main focus of

production is in what is known as the coconut

triangle between the towns of Kurunegala,

Chilaw and Puthtalam in the east of the

island. But outside this region too the island

state has a great many coconut plantations,

mainly run by small, family businesses.

44 No. 1 April/May 2022

Oil and fats

The palms grow to between 20 and 25 metres

high, and the coconuts form in groups in the

crown. Palm climbers regularly ascend the

palms to select and harvest the ripe fruits.

Each palm produces around 70 coconuts

per year. Even though they grow constantly,

the main coconut harvest period on Sri

Lanka is between April and September.

In 2021, the Sri Lankan government decided

to convert its entire agricultural sector to

organic production. Many small farmers

pay attention to sustainable cultivation on

their coconut plantations and have always

refrained from using pesticides due to their

traditional cultivation techniques. The Sinhalese

producers in the IPD programme mostly

work with peasant farmers from the region

who grow organically. Their coconut products

carry the EU organic label and often

also other organic certifications.

Demand for coconuts

IPD supports a number of enterprises from

Sri Lanka in marketing the products they

make from coconuts, particularly the flesh.

Among them is, for example, the company

Nisudha Food Products, which has been

producing a wide range of coconut products

for over 20 years. Particularly noteworthy is

the coconut oil from certified organic coconuts

that Nisudha produces and exports

successfully. This is because the demand for

high-quality virgin coconut oil is particularly

high in Europe.

Extracted: MCT oil

In addition to cold-pressed oil, there is

another speciality from the coconut: MCT oil.

This is produced by extracting the mediumchain

fatty acids from coconut oil. Pure MCT

oil does not occur in nature and coconut fat

contains a mixture of fatty acids. The MCT

fats are therefore obtained through hydrolysis.

capric acids, with eight and ten carbon atoms, are said to be the two

most valuable fatty acids, as they are considered to provide energy

the fastest.

The company Manchiee de Coco joined the IPD programme in 2019

and produces not only virgin coconut oil, but also other coconut products,

including the coconut-based MCT oil. The raw material for this

is cold-pressed coconut oil. During production, the company ensures

a high proportion of the valuable caprylic and capric acids from

natural coconut oil. They are contained in the MCT oil from Manchiee

de Coco in a ratio of 60:40.

MCT oil is clear and watery, as well as odourless and tasteless. It

mixes very well with other liquids and is suitable as an oil in sauces,

salad dressings, shakes and smoothies.

Speciality Bulletproof Coffee

MCT oil is also the central ingredient of the new cult drink Bulletproof

Coffee. Combining it with butter and coffee results in a high-energy

and caffeine-rich drink. It is said to increase attentiveness as well as

performance and concentration.

IPD partner country Sri Lanka

IPD has been supporting small and medium-sized enterprises from

Sri Lanka since 2018, preparing them for the European market and

introducing them to European traders at trade exhibitions in Europe.

Besides the textile industry, the agricultural sector plays a leading role

in Sri Lanka’s export economy. Sri Lanka is the world’s third largest

tea exporter and is particularly well known for its Ceylon tea. Trading

with spices, particularly cinnamon and pepper, is also a long tradition.

Another growing export factor is the coconut and its products.

IPD connects European importers with the carefully selected

producers, opening up new buying sources for them and supporting

them in the procurement process. IPD is funded by the German

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

For more information, please visit

www.importpromotiondesk.de

Caproic, caprylic, capric and lauric acids

are referred to as medium-chain fatty acids.

Coconut oil has a high proportion of lauric

acid – around 50 percent. There is only a

small amount of caproic acid, which has an

unappealing taste and odour. Caprylic and


45

Vitafoods Europe

Photo © : Vitafoods Europe

Vitafoods Europe returns in May 2022

Last October, 22,000 nutraceutical professionals came

together virtually and in person to network, collaborate,

and share knowledge from across the industry at Vitafoods

Europe 2021. Now, Vitafoods Europe is back once again – at

its usual May timeslot – combining an online platform and

the in-person event in Geneva, to re-connect and inspire the

nutraceutical community in an ever-changing, and increasingly

health-conscious, post-COVID world.

By bringing together popular in-person attractions with a lively virtual

programme, Vitafoods Europe is cementing its position as the leading

global event to network, forge long-term collaborations, share ideas,

source innovative ingredients and new suppliers, discover new

product development solutions, and hear from technical experts and

industry thought-leaders.

This year, visitors will be able to access the Vitafoods Europe online

platform a week before the live event (2-13 May) to immerse themselves

in exclusive insight-led content and use the data-driven matchmaking

tool to conduct virtual meetings. Plus, the online platform and

SMART technology enables them to plan their visit to Geneva and set

up in-person meetings in advance to ultimately enhance their experience

and maximise their time at the live event (10-12 May).

Vitafoods Europe 2022 highlights

The comprehensive event agenda explores

key market trends, plus regulatory complexities,

packaging and labelling challenges,

and more – including an enhanced focus

on pressing industry issues, such as mental

wellbeing, women in nutraceuticals and

sustainability. Highlights of this year’s event,

across online and in person, include:

Extensive industry expert insights

With online content and in person presentations

taking place across 4 theatres –

including the Main Stage powered by

Vitafoods Insights, Life Stages, New Ingredients,

and Probiotics theatres – visitors can

explore over 90 hours of content across the

whole event. Expect talks on everything from

the regulatory landscape for probiotic ingredients,

to innovative prenatal supplement

ingredients for child mental health.

46 No. 1 April/May 2022

Vitafoods Europe

Tailored networking opportunities

This year’s SMART event format allows for

global connectivity across both the in-person

and online platforms. Visitors can find

and connect with potential partners and

suppliers before and during the show using

Informa’s intelligent data-driven matchmaking

service. Facilitating efficient and

effective networking, this connects visitors

and exhibitors with shared goals, the right

backgrounds and in-demand expertise.

Discover the latest innovations

Visitors looking for inspiration for their next

product can tour the New Product and

Ingredient Zones to discover the very latest

ingredient technologies, formulations and

products, as well as exploring new research.

Alternatively, the virtual Innovation Tour

is available in video and audio format, to

complement the live show experience.

Deep dive into trending ingredients

with themed Resource Centres

For those interested in Omega-3 fatty acids

or probiotics and gut health, the tailor-made

Resource Centres offer a deeper dive into

these trending and expanding market areas

via bespoke and exclusive expert content.

Sustainability success stories

With sustainability moving up the priority

list for many brands, Sustainability Corner

enables visitors to explore some of the challenges

and the success stories, with expertled

sessions on how the industry can become

more sustainable.

Photo © : Vitafoods Europe

Following the impact of the pandemic on

consumers globally, as well as the fact that

many of them have busy and stressful daily

lives, mental wellbeing is a key focus for

Vitafoods Europe 2022. This year, Informa is

also hosting a new Vitafoods Europe Summit

on the topic, offering an in-depth exploration

of the important role of nutrition in mental

wellbeing. Running the day before the exhibition,

9 May, at the Fairmont Grand Hotel in Geneva, the Summit will

offer insights into the latest ingredient science and its practical application

in mental health nutrition solutions.

As the pace of innovation continues to pick up, and with consumer

interest in nutrition and health at an all-time high, there’s never been

a better time to take an active role in the nutraceutical community.

Vitafoods Europe 2022, which will continue to run in accordance

with the latest Informa AllSecure standards and local Swiss guidance,

is once again set to connect the community, facilitate learning

and discovery, and provide an opportunity to solve the biggest global

health issues, together.

For more information, please visit

https://www.vitafoods.eu.com

Delve into mental wellbeing


47

Vitafoods Europe – Preview

GELITA presents cutting-edge solutions for supplements

GELITA, the leading manufacturer of gelatin and collagen peptides,

will be back at Vitafoods in Geneva presenting its latest solutions.

SOLUFORM and VERISOL ® HST are the new smart solutions to

realize fortified gummies for a demanding and growing market.

GELITA ® EC is enabling enteric soft capsules safeguarding sensitive

ingredients through the aggressive gastric environment. And GELITA

Health provides turnkey products with scientifically proven BCP ®

ready to market for the customer in all sales channels. Join our educational

sessions and accept the GELITA Wellness Challenge on site.

Healthy but tasty, please

GELITA developed three brand new products for fortified gummy solutions

to deliver all the health benefits that consumers are requesting

while ensuring great taste and texture. Beside all this it secures hassle

free production.

SOLUFORM PE – the protein booster for your confectionery!

SOLUFORM PE is optimized for the production of fruit gummies

with high protein content. By combining the performance of gelatin

and the protein source in one functional ingredient, the manufacturing

of protein enriched gummies gets as easy as possible.

SOLUFORM SR – next generation gelatin for

sugar reduced confectionery!

SOLUFORM SR allows to reduce the sugar concentration of confectionery

without affecting the texture. Thereby a sugar content of a

fruit gummy can be cut down from 70 % to 40 %. Furthermore this

leads to a reduced carbohydrate content. Even no-sugar concepts

are possible using SOLUFORM SR.

VERISOL ® HST for next generation beauty gummies!

VERISOL ® HST is optimized for the production of collagen enriched

fruit gummies. It replaces both, gelatin and collagen peptides and

enables a concentration of 15 % BCP ® in fruit gummies without

affecting the taste and texture of the final product. In this way

VERISOL ® HST is the perfect solution to cater fortified gummies of the

beauty from within segment with the required high dosage of BCP ® .

Safeguard sensitive active ingredients to the intestine

Consumers have been ingesting nutrients in soft capsules for decades

due to their ease of swallowing and convenience. While for some

fills it is important to be released as fast as possible, like analgesics,

for other sensitive substances it is crucial they are transported safely

through the aggressive stomach environment to be released only in

the small intestine. In this way you also can avoid the nagging fishy

burps caused by an early release of omega 3 in the stomach.

Instead of applying an acid-insoluble opaque coating to the capsule

in a second time and cost-consuming production step, GELITA ® EC

allows production of crystal clear enteric soft caps in one single step

using existing equipment.

Innovations for a life in motion

From concept to shelf, our goal is to provide customers with turn-key

BCP ® solutions to create innovative products in their selected application

area from tailor-made recipes to individual packaging. Take

advantage of the GELITA Health expertise, resources, and network

to speed-up your go-to-market! Use your own brand or license one

of the strong international GELITA HEALTH brands – it is up to you.

GELITA

www.GELITA.com

www.GELITA-HEALTH.com

GELITA at Vitafoods, booth I110

Taiyo presents innovative concepts

for natural-based products

Taiyo launches reformulated protein shake concepts in three flavours,

and showcases ingredients that support a long-term healthy lifestyle.

At Vitafoods Europe, functional ingredient expert Taiyo will present

brand new concepts which address current consumer trends, such

as healthy ageing, sports nutrition and clean label products. The

company will showcase new additions to its Sunfiber ® portfolio – an

all-natural, 100 % soluble dietary fiber – as well as its new Sunfiber ®

Water Concept, an optimum hydration offering with health-boosting

properties. It will also present Sunphenon EC, known for its high polyphenol

and catechin content with proven antioxidant effects. Other

highlights at the Taiyo stand include functional ingredients such as

concentrated Moringa seed extract and new Vegemeat concepts.

With Sunphenon EC, Taiyo offers a new variant in addition to existing

green tea extracts. This product in the Sunphenon range is rich

in epicatechin, which is found predominantly in cocoa and green

tea, and has a proven positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

Furthermore, a decrease in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular

diseases is associated with the consumption of flavanols. 1

Therefore it is perfect for elderly people or other consumers who have

problems with muscle health, such as muscle atrophy. The product

has been specially developed for use in instant tea sticks, instant

beverages or supplements.

Vitafoods visitors will also be able to learn more about Taiyo’s Chia

Protein XiaPure ® . Chia seeds are a real health-booster: They contain

essential amino acids necessary for good health and they are an

excellent alternative source of protein for sports nutrition. With

XiaPure ® , a finely milled, high-quality vegan protein powder from

Chile, Taiyo provides a new formulation for their Vegan Protein

Shake. The chia protein makes the mouthfeel much smoother and

Taiyo’s ingredients: Sunfiber ® , Raw Coffee Powder and SunActive ®

Zinc deliver added nutritional value. The concept can be used for

ready-to-drink shakes or protein-enriched ice cream, and is available

in three different flavours.

48 No. 1 April/May 2022


The third innovation Taiyo is presenting is the Sunfiber ® Water

Concept. With this novelty, Taiyo addresses different target groups,

including the ageing population. This generation often does not

consume enough water or vital nutrients. This unique concept,

however, allows for the production of isotonic drinks that contain less

sugar and additional dietary fibre, allowing for much higher bioavailability

of minerals. It is also possible to customize such beverages by

adding more active ingredients such as Q10 or curcumin, depending

on the target group. For example, children or athletes could benefit

from the Sunfiber ® Water Concept, as these groups are dependent

on a targeted nutrient intake.

Other highlights at the Taiyo stand include the various Sunfiber ®

Blends with different added health benefits, as well as Moringa,

a standardised leaf powder with 1 % glucomoringin that has antiinflammatory

properties, and new concepts surrounding the peabased

meat alternative Vegemeat for various consumer groups.Dr

Stefan Siebrecht, Managing Director at Taiyo’s German subsidiary,

says: “The Corona crisis has had a major impact on consumers

interest in healthy eating. More and more people are questioning the

ingredients in a product, and increasingly want natural and plantbased

alternatives. Taiyo presents solutions and products with which

the industry can meet these demands.”

1

Heiss, C., C. L. Keen and M. Kelm (2010). "Flavanols and cardiovascular

disease prevention." Eur Heart J 31(21): 2583-2592.

TAIYO

www.taiyogmbh.com

Taiyo GmbH at Vitafoods, booth F90

Rousselot ® set to inspire at Vitafoods 2022 with

new consumer study into its unique collagen matrix

for joint care

Rousselot ® , Darling Ingredients’ health brand and the global leader

of collagen-based solutions 1 , invites visitors to booth I114 at Vitafoods

2022 to discover its latest collagen and gelatin ingredient innovations.

At this year’s event, Rousselot’s exhibition will reintroduce its all-inone

collagen matrix designed to provide joint care solutions for a wide

range of consumer demographics. In addition, the company will spotlight

the benefits of porcine collagen ingredients and its SiMoGel

gelatin solution for innovative nutraceutical gummies.

Visitors to Rousselot’s booth can also make use of the Live Chat

Corner, allowing them to connect and discuss with formulation

experts and also explore tailored technical solutions for their specific

formulation challenges.

Presenting a new perspective on senior joint care

In less than 30 years, the number of people aged 60 years and over is

expected to double, reaching a total of 2.1 billion 2 . In parallel to these

demographic changes, the market value of dietary supplements

aimed at supporting mobility is forecast to grow by 4.7 % CAGR by

2026 3 . The stage is set for a new generation of nutritional solutions,

formulated to support bone and joint health and help an aging global

population keep fit into later life. On Tuesday 10 May at 2:30pm at

the Life Stages Theatre, Dr. Sara De Pelsmaeker, Global Business

Development Health & Nutrition at Rousselot will unveil the findings

of a wide-ranging new study to help brands address these shifting

consumer trends. Through her speech, entitled ‘Joint care innovation

with an all-in-one collagen matrix, fueled by new consumer-based

science’, attendees will discover the impact of Rousselot’s collagen

matrix on the real-world joint care of more than two-hundred people,

all varying in age, gender, and activity level.

Broadening access to science-backed collagen solutions

The company’s flagship collagen brand, Peptan ® is a fully bioavailable

collagen peptide ingredient which delivers a world of science-backed

health benefits, from joint support and bone health, to enhanced skin

and hair beauty. At this year’s Vitafoods event, Rousselot will highlight

the specific advantages of Peptan P, an accessible premium-quality

collagen solution of porcine origin that offers a fast route to market.

Event attendees can experience the functional and sensory properties

of Peptan P on-stand, through specialized samples, including

an oat-based breakfast solution tailored for the nutritional needs of

seniors.

Innovative gelatin solutions for center-filled functional gummies

With an attractive appearance, taste and texture that makes them

easy to swallow, the appeal of nutritional gummies is easy to understand.

Manufacturing this type of delivery format however, can be

a difficult task, as traditional starch molding techniques present a

risk of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) cross-contamination.

Rousselot’s innovative SiMoGel gelatin solution means manufacturers

can produce functional, liquid-center filled gummies using an

inherently hygienic, starch-free molding technique. These innovative

‘gummy caps’ allow for higher and more accurate API dosing, with

virtually no risk of interaction with the gelatin excipient. SiMoGel’s

unique potential can be discovered in person at Rousselot’s booth,

where visitors can sample liquid-center gummies with Ibuprofen,

along with other inspiring application prototypes for the all-in-one

collagen matrix.

1

Global Gelatin Market Insights Forecast to 2026, Calibre Research,

2020.

2

The World Health Organisation, Aging and Health, October 2021,

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-andhealth#:~:text=By%202050%2C%20the%20world's%20population,2050%20to%20reach%20426%20million

3

Euromonitor

Rousselot ®

www.rousselot.com

Rousselot ® at Vitafoods, booth I114


49


Keep fit and active into later life

Euromed presents its extended range of Mediterranean fruit and

vegetable extracts for healthy ageing and wellbeing

At this year's Vitafoods Europe, Euromed will showcase its well-known

standardised herbal extracts, the Earth Harmony Organic Extracts ® ,

as well as a growing portfolio of natural ingredients inspired by the

health-promoting properties of the Mediterranean diet. In addition to

lemon, olive, fig, artichoke and pomegranate fruit extracts, the iconic

botanical manufacturer will also showcase its recently launched

sports nutrition ingredient, the spinach-derived Spisar ® . Visitors to

the Euromed booth will learn more about the latest research findings,

health benefits and various applications of these high-quality

extracts, suitable for inclusion in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical,

cosmeceutical, food and beverage finished products.

An ever-increasing older population wishing to stay well into later life

is driving demand for products that support an active and healthy lifestyle.

Euromed’s Wellemon ® , Pomanox ® , Mediteanox ® , ABAlife ® and

Cynamed ® extracts perfectly tap into this trend, as they contain valuable

nutrients that play a key role in the Mediterranean diet and have

been proven to support cardiovascular, metabolic, antioxidant, digestive,

immune and skeletal muscle functions, all of which are critical

for healthy ageing.

Inspired by this nutritional model, Euromed will be highlighting its

portfolio of extracts and presenting its new Spisar ® spinach extract.

Obtained from the nutrient-rich leaves of spinach cultivated in

southern Spain, it is gently processed with the Pure-Hydro Process ® ,

an eco-friendly, proprietary extraction technology that uses only purified

water as a solvent. Spinach leaves have a naturally high content

of phytoecdysteroids, plant secondary metabolites with a wide range

of potential physiological and health benefits, such as improved

physi cal performance and skeletal muscle fitness. Spisar ® is standardized

for 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) – the major naturally-occurring

ecdysteroid in plants.

Researchers from the Sports Physiology Department at the Universidad

Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) 1 , in Spain, investigated

the efficacy of daily consumption of Spisar ® spinach extract

compared to placebo in combination with moderate-intensity skeletal

muscle strength training.

The results of the 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled

trial revealed that supplementation with Spisar ® significantly

improved muscle strength and muscle quality in subjects aged

over 50 compared to a placebo. The published study also highlighted

improvements in muscle mass and quality, as well as quality of life.

The authors concluded that Spisar ® in conjunction with physi cal exercise

may exert overall “all-body strengthening” adaptogenic activity,

and may be beneficial for improving and maintaining muscle health

and fitness, both of which are crucial for healthy ageing.

Andrea Zangara, Head of Scientific Communications & Marketing,

says: “It’s clear that the older generation wants to delay the decline in

physical capacity that comes with age for as long as possible. Preventive

and active measures will help promote mobility and strength.

Both the newly launched and existing Mediterranean fruit and vegetable

extracts will help our customers meet this market demand.”

1

Pérez-Piñero, S.et.al (2021): A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind

Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial,Evaluating the Effect of Supplementation

with a Spinach Extract on Skeletal Muscle Fitness in Adults

Older Than 50 Years of Age. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4373.

Euromed S.A.

www.euromedgroup.com

Euromed at Vitafoods, booth C94

Impressum

ISSN 2364-8104

Wellness Foods & Supplements | No. 1 /2022

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