Naming Bendigo evolution of a city’s identity 1836–1891
This electronic publication accompanies the exhibition Naming Bendigo evolution of a city’s identity 1836–1891. The first exhibition launched at Post Office Gallery, Naming Bendigo examined the first 55 years of Bendigo’s settlement, through the nomenclature and events that occurred during its foundation years. The exhibition commenced with indigenous habitation, explored elements of Major Mitchell’s exploration of the region, highlighted the mythology surrounding ‘Bendigo’ the boxer, documented the important 1891 referendum and concluded with the naming of a Victorian city in the heart of the goldfields.
This electronic publication accompanies the exhibition Naming Bendigo evolution of a city’s identity 1836–1891.
The first exhibition launched at Post Office Gallery, Naming Bendigo examined the first 55 years of Bendigo’s settlement, through the nomenclature and events that occurred during its foundation years. The exhibition commenced with indigenous habitation, explored elements of Major Mitchell’s exploration of the region, highlighted the mythology surrounding ‘Bendigo’ the boxer, documented the important 1891 referendum and concluded with the naming of a Victorian city in the heart of the goldfields.
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<strong>Naming</strong><br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
<strong>evolution</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> a <strong>city’s</strong><br />
<strong>identity</strong><br />
1836 –1891
a satellite space <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
42 View Street<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong>, Victoria 3550<br />
Australia<br />
www.bendigoartgallery.com.au<br />
Published 2010<br />
Copyright © <strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery 2010<br />
This work is copyright. Apart from any use<br />
as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968,<br />
no part may be reproduced by any process<br />
without prior written permission.<br />
Designed and typeset by Studio Round<br />
Printed in Australia by Bambra<br />
National Library <strong>of</strong> Australia<br />
Cataloguing-in-Publication data:<br />
Bruce, Sandra.<br />
<strong>Naming</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> : <strong>evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> a <strong>city’s</strong> <strong>identity</strong><br />
1836-1891<br />
Sandra Bruce; Karen Quinlan; Ian Hill,<br />
photographer.<br />
ISBN: 9780949215611 (pbk.)<br />
Art, Australian--Exhibitions.<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> (Vic.)--History.<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> (Vic.)--Exhibitions.<br />
Other Authors/Contributors: Quinlan, Karen.<br />
Hill, Ian. <strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery.<br />
709.9454<br />
Exhibition venue:<br />
Post Office Gallery, 51-67 Pall Mall, <strong>Bendigo</strong>.<br />
Exhibition dates:<br />
10 November 2010 – 14 March 2011<br />
Post Office Gallery and <strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
are proudly owned and operated by the City<br />
<strong>of</strong> Greater <strong>Bendigo</strong>.<br />
<strong>Naming</strong><br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
<strong>evolution</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> a <strong>city’s</strong><br />
<strong>identity</strong><br />
1836 –1891<br />
Corporate Sponsor<br />
Clock tower, former<br />
post <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
2010<br />
Photograph:<br />
Julie Millowick
Foreword<br />
Introduction<br />
REM Melbourne<br />
Pall Mall looking East<br />
(detail)<br />
1901<br />
postcard<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong> Elaine<br />
Harrington<br />
Ideally situated on Pall Mall in the<br />
centre <strong>of</strong> the city, <strong>Bendigo</strong>’s former<br />
post <strong>of</strong>fice is a striking example <strong>of</strong><br />
Renaissance Revivalist architecture<br />
built in 1887. This historically significant<br />
building is the prime setting for a new<br />
style <strong>of</strong> cultural institution; a place for<br />
the display and interpretation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
region’s history through a dynamic and<br />
changing exhibition schedule.<br />
The establishment <strong>of</strong> Post Office<br />
Gallery introduces an important<br />
social history element to the<br />
community’s cultural foundation,<br />
providing the residents <strong>of</strong> the City <strong>of</strong><br />
Greater <strong>Bendigo</strong> and its many visitors<br />
with a vital focal point for its long<br />
and proud history. By employing a<br />
unique gallery model with a changing<br />
annual exhibition program, Post<br />
Office Gallery will make possible<br />
a continual exploration <strong>of</strong> the<br />
region’s heritage while also ensuring<br />
operational sustainability, broad<br />
engagement, and strong and ongoing<br />
community involvement.<br />
The City <strong>of</strong> Greater <strong>Bendigo</strong> has<br />
committed to the reinvigoration <strong>of</strong><br />
the space including restoration <strong>of</strong> the<br />
interior, the addition <strong>of</strong> a state-<strong>of</strong>-theart<br />
environmental control system, and<br />
museum quality lighting and display<br />
cases. With approval from Heritage<br />
Victoria, all restorative work has<br />
maintained the historical integrity<br />
<strong>of</strong> the building.<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong>, with its early emergence<br />
and subsequent continuation as a vital<br />
regional centre, has a marvellously rich<br />
history and the potential exhibition<br />
themes are innumerable. The exhibitions<br />
showcased will be diverse in nature,<br />
exploring unique stories, yet <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
mirroring the experiences <strong>of</strong> many<br />
other communities around Australia,<br />
and will ultimately connect with people<br />
from all walks <strong>of</strong> life.<br />
Cr Rod Campbell<br />
Mayor <strong>of</strong> the City<br />
<strong>of</strong> Greater <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
—<br />
The inaugural exhibition at Post<br />
Office Gallery, <strong>Naming</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong>: <strong>evolution</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> a <strong>city’s</strong> <strong>identity</strong> 1836 –1891 will<br />
examine the first 55 years <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong>’s<br />
settlement, through the nomenclature<br />
and events that occurred during its<br />
foundation years. The exhibition will<br />
commence with Indigenous habitation,<br />
investigate elements <strong>of</strong> Major Mitchell’s<br />
exploration <strong>of</strong> the region, highlight the<br />
mythology surrounding ‘<strong>Bendigo</strong>’ the<br />
boxer, document the important 1891<br />
referendum and conclude with the<br />
naming <strong>of</strong> a Victorian city in the heart<br />
<strong>of</strong> the goldfields.<br />
Without the generous support <strong>of</strong> our<br />
region’s heritage groups and collectors,<br />
it would be impossible to present the<br />
myriad stories which will be showcased<br />
in the future at Post Office Gallery.<br />
On behalf <strong>of</strong> the Gallery I extend my<br />
warmest thanks to the lenders who<br />
have supported the inaugural exhibition<br />
by providing a comprehensive display<br />
<strong>of</strong> important cultural material: <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
Historical Society, <strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery,<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Trust, <strong>Bendigo</strong> Regional<br />
Archives Centre, Burke Memorial<br />
Museum, Elaine Harrington, Vic<br />
Lane, Museum Victoria, Reg and Judy<br />
MacDonald, Dennis O’Hoy, Sandhurst<br />
Trustees, State Library <strong>of</strong> New South<br />
Wales and Darren Wright. Thanks also<br />
to the following for their assistance<br />
with the exhibition: <strong>Bendigo</strong> Heritage<br />
Representative Group, Jim Evans,<br />
Gerry Gill, Ian Hill, Julie Millowick,<br />
Uncle Brien Nelson and Jude Perry<br />
and Bronwen Quill.<br />
My special thanks to Arts Victoria<br />
for supporting our new initiative<br />
and to our new corporate sponsor<br />
the Hotel Shamrock.<br />
I thank my colleagues at the City<br />
<strong>of</strong> Greater <strong>Bendigo</strong>, particularly Stan<br />
Liacos, the Director <strong>of</strong> City Futures<br />
who championed the project upon<br />
his arrival in <strong>Bendigo</strong> and supported<br />
the Gallery’s aspiration to acknowledge<br />
the great wealth <strong>of</strong> history and<br />
collections within our region.<br />
My thanks to Tourism Manager<br />
Kathryn Mackenzie and Viv Collins and<br />
her staff at the Visitor Information Centre<br />
who have provided us with the space<br />
and autonomy to realise this new and<br />
exciting visitor experience for <strong>Bendigo</strong>.<br />
Special thanks to Sandra Bruce, Curator<br />
<strong>of</strong> City History and Collections who<br />
has been instrumental in the process <strong>of</strong><br />
maintaining dialogue between all <strong>of</strong> the<br />
participating groups and for curating the<br />
first exhibition. My thanks to the staff <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery for their collective<br />
support and in particular I thank my<br />
technical team for their input in relation<br />
to this first exhibition.<br />
Importantly, I am appreciative <strong>of</strong><br />
our foundation group <strong>of</strong> Post Office<br />
Gallery volunteers. As the new face<br />
<strong>of</strong> this gallery space, the volunteers<br />
will be instrumental in its success and<br />
will be charged with the responsibility<br />
<strong>of</strong> disseminating information about all<br />
<strong>of</strong> our exhibitions.<br />
We look forward to sharing with<br />
the community the anticipated success<br />
that this new museum environment<br />
will <strong>of</strong>fer as we examine the <strong>evolution</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> this <strong>city’s</strong> <strong>identity</strong> through the<br />
inaugural exhibition <strong>Naming</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong>.<br />
Karen Quinlan<br />
Director<br />
—
<strong>Naming</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
<strong>evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>city’s</strong> <strong>identity</strong><br />
1836 –1891<br />
The <strong>evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> a city, and its<br />
<strong>identity</strong>, will not always run in a<br />
straight line.<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> – a city that today has a<br />
population <strong>of</strong> more than 100 000, with<br />
a well-ensconced and rich history as a<br />
regional metropolis – was founded in<br />
the gold rush period <strong>of</strong> the mid-1800s.<br />
The area was first noticed by white<br />
settlers in 1836 following a (diverted)<br />
expedition lead by Major Thomas<br />
Livingstone Mitchell, surveyor-general <strong>of</strong><br />
New South Wales. While the goldfields<br />
had international recognition by the early<br />
1850s, it was not until 1891 that the city<br />
became <strong>of</strong>ficially known as <strong>Bendigo</strong>.<br />
What occurred over half a century<br />
that altered, and delayed, the settlement’s<br />
naming?<br />
Jaara Country<br />
Before its ‘discovery’ and colonisation<br />
by Europeans in the mid-19th century,<br />
the immediate area <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> had<br />
been inhabited for more than 40 000<br />
years. Jaara Country encompasses more<br />
than 2500 kilometres in north-central<br />
Victoria, extending from Boort in the<br />
north to the border <strong>of</strong> Ballarat and<br />
Gisborne in the south, west past St<br />
Arnaud and Avoca and beyond <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
in the east to Heathcote.<br />
Comprised <strong>of</strong> 24 clans who spoke<br />
the Dja Dja Wurrung language, the<br />
original inhabitants <strong>of</strong> Jaara Country<br />
lived a semi-nomadic way <strong>of</strong> life, <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
camping on the banks <strong>of</strong> rivers and<br />
creeks throughout their country. They<br />
led an established, sustainable existence,<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> which survives today.<br />
The population <strong>of</strong> the original<br />
inhabitants is unclear in the period<br />
before and during early European<br />
settlement. They were however directly<br />
affected by the initial establishment <strong>of</strong><br />
pastoral stations and soon after suffered<br />
extreme population loss with the rapid<br />
onset <strong>of</strong> the gold rush, despite attempts<br />
made by the Aboriginal Protectorate to<br />
care for them. Yet, the people <strong>of</strong> Jaara<br />
Country have ultimately survived this<br />
most recent history <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> and,<br />
as traditional owners, hold a solid<br />
position within the broad community<br />
<strong>of</strong> north-central Victoria.<br />
Australia Felix<br />
I named this region Australia Felix, the<br />
better to distinguish it from the parched<br />
deserts <strong>of</strong> the interior country where<br />
we had wandered so unpr<strong>of</strong>itably and<br />
so long. 1<br />
Unknown (WML)<br />
Sir Thomas Mitchell<br />
from Andrew Garran<br />
(ed), The Picturesque<br />
Atlas <strong>of</strong> Australasia,<br />
Picturesque Atlas<br />
Publishing, Sydney,<br />
1886<br />
engraving<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
archive<br />
Diverting the route <strong>of</strong> his third<br />
inland expedition <strong>of</strong> New South Wales,<br />
Mitchell left the Murray River at Swan<br />
Hill; travelling south-east his party<br />
explored the lakes network around Lake<br />
Boga and, on 30 June 1836, Mitchell<br />
scaled Pyramid Hill:<br />
The view was exceedingly beautiful<br />
over the surrounding plains, shining<br />
fresh and green in the light <strong>of</strong> a fine<br />
morning. The scene was different<br />
from anything I had ever before<br />
witnessed either in New South Wales<br />
or elsewhere. A land so inviting and still<br />
without inhabitants! 2<br />
Mitchell declared that he had found<br />
Australia Felix (a fortunate or lucky<br />
Australia), a land in stark contrast to<br />
that which he had so far explored in<br />
his expeditions through western New<br />
South Wales. Ultimately this name<br />
referred to a large expanse <strong>of</strong> Victoria,<br />
bounded by the Murray River in the<br />
central north and extending through to<br />
the far south-west. The explorer’s first<br />
authoritative view <strong>of</strong> this fertile and<br />
promising land would have included<br />
this region, with the <strong>Bendigo</strong> <strong>of</strong> today<br />
only 100 kilometres to the south.<br />
On Mitchell’s return journey to<br />
Sydney from Portland, he navigated a<br />
more southerly route and the expedition<br />
party crossed the Loddon River near<br />
what is now Newstead. Making camp<br />
close to the southern edge <strong>of</strong> presentday<br />
Castlemaine in the afternoon <strong>of</strong> 28<br />
September, Mitchell decided to survey<br />
his new surrounds from a peak a few<br />
miles to the north-east while there<br />
was still light in the sky. Ascending the<br />
mountain, he was<br />
… again reminded by the similar<br />
aspect this region presented <strong>of</strong> the lower<br />
Pyrenees and the pass <strong>of</strong> Orbaicetta<br />
[sic], I named the summit Mount Byng. 3<br />
Major Mitchell’s view to the north<br />
from the summit <strong>of</strong> Mount Alexander<br />
(Mount Byng was renamed within 12<br />
months by Charles Ebden, founding<br />
owner <strong>of</strong> Carlsruhe Run, located<br />
midway between the two peaks <strong>of</strong><br />
Alexander and Macedon) 4 would have<br />
again taken in the valley, this time only<br />
30 kilometres distant.<br />
A country fully as promising as the fine<br />
region we had left was embraced in my<br />
view from that point. I perceived long<br />
patches <strong>of</strong> open plain interspersed with<br />
forest hills and low woody ranges. 5
‘The Gibson brothers<br />
soon renamed the run<br />
... Ravenswood, it was<br />
a popular choice in<br />
the 19th century ...’<br />
Ludwig Becker<br />
born Germany c1808,<br />
arrived Australia 1851,<br />
died 1861<br />
Golden Square,<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> (after sunset)<br />
1853<br />
watercolour and<br />
gum arabic<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
Dr Peter Slater<br />
Bequest Fund 1989<br />
Unknown<br />
England 19th century<br />
Bell, used on the<br />
Ravenswood Run<br />
homestead<br />
c1850s<br />
cast iron<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Historical<br />
Society<br />
Just months after Mitchell’s foray<br />
through Australia Felix settlers began<br />
establishing properties, and from as<br />
early as 1840 the valley through which<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek flows had an owner and<br />
a new name.<br />
Mount Alexander Run (north,<br />
or No.2), Ravenswood Run<br />
Claims to Leases <strong>of</strong> Crown Land<br />
Beyond the Settled Districts.<br />
Western Port District<br />
No. 102.<br />
Heape and Grice<br />
Name <strong>of</strong> run – Mount Alexander<br />
Estimated area – 118 990 acres<br />
Estimated grazing capabilities –<br />
15 000 sheep<br />
Commencing at the NE corner <strong>of</strong><br />
Hawkin’s inn reserve, following the<br />
high ground to the top <strong>of</strong> Mount<br />
Alexander range … north 50 west 4<br />
miles 55 chains to Bednego Creek. 6<br />
The first squatter to establish a<br />
pastoral run directly north <strong>of</strong> Mount<br />
Alexander was Charles Sherratt who,<br />
in 1840, claimed a property <strong>of</strong> 119 000<br />
acres. 7 He went into partnership with<br />
the merchants Benjamin Heape and<br />
Richard Grice who took over the<br />
run following Sherratt’s move to the<br />
Portland Bay district in 1843. Heape and<br />
Grice then sold the property to Stewart<br />
and Robert Gibson in the summer <strong>of</strong><br />
1848 – 49. The Gibson brothers soon<br />
renamed the run and, while it is unclear<br />
why they chose the name Ravenswood,<br />
it was a popular choice in the 19th<br />
century and may have been inspired<br />
by the character and estate <strong>of</strong> the same<br />
name in Walter Scott’s popular novel,<br />
The Bride <strong>of</strong> Lammermoor (1819). 8<br />
The <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek diggings<br />
and Castleton<br />
General Post Office<br />
Melbourne, 2nd June, 1852.<br />
Conveyance being required for the<br />
Post Office Mails from and to the<br />
undermentioned Places for Six Months<br />
… From and to Forest Creek and<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek Post Offices, once a<br />
Week on Horseback.<br />
A McCrae,<br />
Chief Postmaster. 9<br />
Gold was discovered at <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
Creek on Ravenswood Run in late<br />
1851; as squatters did not have owners’<br />
rights over the land they occupied, they<br />
were obliged to relinquish mining sites
William Sandbach<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek Diggings, 1851<br />
1890<br />
from George Mackay (ed), Annals <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1851-1935, Mackay & Co, <strong>Bendigo</strong>, 1936<br />
lithograph<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery archive
ST Gill<br />
born England 1818,<br />
arrived Australia 1839,<br />
died 1880<br />
On <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek<br />
1852<br />
lithograph<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
RHS Abbott Bequest<br />
Fund 1992<br />
Unknown<br />
19th century<br />
Edward Garsed’s<br />
Castleton Dispensary<br />
bottles (and detail)<br />
c1850s<br />
glass, cork, hemlock,<br />
dugong oil<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong><br />
Darren Wright
‘… and to direct that<br />
the said place shall ...<br />
be called and known<br />
as ‘Sandhurst’.’<br />
to the government, and therefore any<br />
prospectors keen to stake a claim. The<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek diggings rapidly gained<br />
worldwide recognition as a major gold<br />
rush destination. Within months the<br />
creek’s population had expanded to more<br />
than 40 000 and, by the end <strong>of</strong> 1852, the<br />
local authorities determined it was time to<br />
give the settlement an <strong>of</strong>ficial name. On<br />
2 December the proclamation was posted<br />
in the Victoria Government Gazette:<br />
Referring to the Notice <strong>of</strong> the 27th April,<br />
1852, declaring the Junction <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
Creek and the Golden Gully, Mount<br />
Alexander, (Loddon District) to be a place<br />
for holding Courts <strong>of</strong> Petty Sessions, under<br />
the provisions <strong>of</strong> the Act <strong>of</strong> the Governor<br />
and Legislative Council <strong>of</strong> New South<br />
Wales … His Excellency the Lieutenant<br />
Governor directs it to be notified for public<br />
information that the said place shall, from<br />
and after the date here<strong>of</strong>, be called and<br />
known as “Castleton.”<br />
By His Excellency’s Command,<br />
W. Lonsdale. 10<br />
However, by mid January<br />
Lieutenant-Governor La Trobe decided<br />
that a more appropriate name for the<br />
fledgling township should be found,<br />
particularly in light <strong>of</strong> its similarity, and<br />
close proximity, to Castlemaine – also<br />
recently named, and also a prominent<br />
destination for diggers travelling to the<br />
Victorian goldfields.<br />
These few short weeks as Castleton<br />
did not provide much time for the locals<br />
to begin to use their town’s new name,<br />
and yet at least one business was born<br />
out <strong>of</strong> this period – Edward Garsed’s<br />
Castleton Dispensary. Established in late<br />
1852, Garsed kept the name Castleton<br />
Dispensary after the town became<br />
Sandhurst in the following year.<br />
Sandhurst<br />
Colonial Secretary’s Office, Melbourne,<br />
18th January, 1853.<br />
Notice.<br />
Referring to the Notice <strong>of</strong> 2nd December<br />
last, declaring that the place for holding<br />
Petty Sessions, situate [sic] at the junction<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek and the Golden<br />
Gully … should … be called and known as<br />
“Castleton,” His Excellency the Lieutenant<br />
Governor directs it be notified for public<br />
information that he has been pleased to<br />
rescind the said notice, and to direct that<br />
the said place shall … be called and known<br />
as “Sandhurst.”<br />
Joseph and Co<br />
Australia<br />
Sandhurst Clock<br />
c1870s<br />
wood, brass, glass<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Historical<br />
Society<br />
By His Excellency’s Command,<br />
W. Lonsdale. 11<br />
Lieutenant-Governor La Trobe<br />
chose the name Sandhurst after the<br />
Royal Military College in Surrey,<br />
England. Although he did not have a<br />
military background himself, La Trobe<br />
apparently declared a relevance for at<br />
least two <strong>of</strong> his staff – William Henry<br />
Wright, Chief Commissioner <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Goldfields Administration, and Head<br />
Commissioner Captain Bull, both<br />
graduates <strong>of</strong> the academy. 12<br />
On 18 January 1853 the name<br />
Castleton was rescinded and Sandhurst<br />
was proclaimed. The community was<br />
to have this name for more than 38<br />
years; through its proclamation as a<br />
township in 1861, growth into a city<br />
in 1871, the ongoing gold rushes and<br />
the parallel and subsequent growth as a<br />
regional hub.<br />
Despite the fact that the residents<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sandhurst had experienced three<br />
names in quick succession, and that the<br />
name <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek had a relatively<br />
short life <strong>of</strong> less than a year, it became<br />
apparent that a general understanding<br />
<strong>of</strong> the residents’ place had become<br />
strongly associated with <strong>Bendigo</strong>. This<br />
can be attributed to the enormous<br />
international exposure that <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
Creek received as a destination for the<br />
Victorian gold rush and the exceptional<br />
richness <strong>of</strong> the diggings.<br />
It was natural that commercial<br />
enterprise and public institutions<br />
bearing the name Sandhurst emerged,<br />
including the Sandhurst Mechanics<br />
Institute, Sandhurst C<strong>of</strong>fee Palace and<br />
the Sandhurst Trustees.<br />
Simultaneously, however,<br />
organisations and businesses were<br />
founded that continued to trade on<br />
the internationally recognised name <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong>. The <strong>Bendigo</strong> Rifle Brigade,<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Benevolent Asylum, <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
School <strong>of</strong> Mines and <strong>Bendigo</strong> Art<br />
Gallery; 13 local businesses included the<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery, <strong>Bendigo</strong> Sports Depot<br />
and <strong>Bendigo</strong> Gas Company.<br />
Establishments <strong>of</strong>ten advertised their<br />
location as either Sandhurst or <strong>Bendigo</strong>,<br />
sometimes both; letters were written to<br />
residents at both locations, the city was<br />
referred to by either name in the press<br />
and this dual <strong>identity</strong> continued well<br />
into the 1880s. The time had arrived<br />
when a number <strong>of</strong> prominent residents<br />
felt a change was necessary.
George Rowe<br />
born England 1796,<br />
Australia 1852–c1859,<br />
died England 1864<br />
The End <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Rainbow, Golden<br />
Square, <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1857<br />
watercolour<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
Newson Bequest<br />
Fund 2004<br />
F Frith & Co<br />
England 1859–1960<br />
Royal Military College,<br />
Sandhurst<br />
1901<br />
postcard<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
archive<br />
Unknown<br />
Seal, the Municipality<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sandhurst<br />
1855<br />
bronze, steel<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong> Dennis<br />
O’Hoy
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery<br />
Australia 1858–present<br />
Sandhurst water filter<br />
c1883–91<br />
stoneware, limestone,<br />
brass<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> Dr David Innes<br />
1997<br />
JW Faul<br />
Australia 19th century<br />
Victorian Railways carriage<br />
lamp, Sandhurst (and detail)<br />
c1870s<br />
steel, glass, ceramic,<br />
cotton<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong> Dennis<br />
O’Hoy
Envelopes<br />
addressed to Mr Dyason,<br />
White Hills, Sandhurst<br />
and <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1860s–1880s<br />
paper<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong> Elaine<br />
Harrington<br />
Finally, <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
September 4, 1890<br />
Town Clerk, Sandhurst<br />
Dear Sir,<br />
A Deputation <strong>of</strong> Citizens will wait on<br />
the City Council tomorrow Friday<br />
5th Sept in reference to changing the<br />
name <strong>of</strong> the City to “<strong>Bendigo</strong>” the old<br />
original name at 3 p.m. if that hour<br />
will suit if not please advise.<br />
Yours faithfully<br />
S. H. McGowan<br />
Hon Secy<br />
The deputation’s proposal<br />
accepted, a petition was made by<br />
the City <strong>of</strong> Sandhurst Council to the<br />
Commissioner <strong>of</strong> Public Works on<br />
6 September 1890 to change the <strong>city’s</strong><br />
name to <strong>Bendigo</strong>; following this <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />
move a public petition was established<br />
which obtained almost 4000 resident’s<br />
signatures in favour <strong>of</strong> the change.<br />
There was vocal opposition to the<br />
efforts <strong>of</strong> McGowan and company by a<br />
group who believed that only ratepayers<br />
should have the right to make such an<br />
important decision, and it is noted in<br />
the Council minutes <strong>of</strong> 19 September<br />
that Councillor O’Neill proposed ‘the<br />
council take the necessary steps to<br />
convene a poll <strong>of</strong> the Ratepayers for<br />
the purpose <strong>of</strong> deciding by plebiscite<br />
as to the advisability <strong>of</strong> retaining the<br />
present name <strong>of</strong> the City, “Sandhurst”,<br />
or changing to that <strong>of</strong> “<strong>Bendigo</strong>”.’<br />
The opposing faction was lead<br />
by Mr JC Stamp who wrote to the<br />
Council on 10 December 1890:<br />
His Worship the Mayor & Councillors<br />
City <strong>of</strong> Sandhurst<br />
Gentlemen,<br />
A meeting <strong>of</strong> Citizens was held on<br />
Monday 8th inst [Dec] to protest<br />
against a section <strong>of</strong> the ratepayers<br />
altering the name <strong>of</strong> the City.<br />
I was appointed the chairman and<br />
instructed to convey to you the<br />
following resolutions passed without<br />
any opposition.<br />
“That this meeting request the<br />
City Council to have a poll <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ratepayers taken at the next Annual<br />
Elections, to decide the question, –<br />
and that the ratepayers generally agree<br />
to loyally support the verdict that may<br />
then be arrived at.’<br />
“That application be made to the<br />
Colony <strong>of</strong> Victoria<br />
Miner’s Right,<br />
issued to Sarah Miles for<br />
the district <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong>,<br />
4 March 1891<br />
certificate<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong> Elaine<br />
Harrington<br />
Hon Minister <strong>of</strong> Public Works to<br />
give the necessary legal authority for<br />
the said poll.”<br />
I have the honour to be<br />
Gentlemen<br />
Your … Servant<br />
J.C. Stamp<br />
On 28 April 1891 a poll was taken<br />
<strong>of</strong> the ratepayers, resulting in 1515 in<br />
favour <strong>of</strong> the change and 267 against.<br />
The Government accordingly granted<br />
the change and it was proclaimed on<br />
8 May 1891:<br />
Now therefore His Excellency the<br />
Governor, with the advice <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Executive Council, in compliance<br />
with the prayer <strong>of</strong> a petition presented<br />
by the municipal council <strong>of</strong> the City<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sandhurst … doth by this present<br />
Order alter the name <strong>of</strong> the said<br />
“City <strong>of</strong> Sandhurst”, and doth direct<br />
that the said municipal district shall<br />
henceforth be named and designated<br />
the City <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong>. 14<br />
The rationale was that <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
was a name with strong, established<br />
associations and would therefore<br />
strengthen the <strong>city’s</strong> economy through<br />
the long-held international awareness <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Bendigo</strong> goldfields. Time supports<br />
the claim; the reversion to <strong>Bendigo</strong> was<br />
ultimately a painless one and, while<br />
Sandhurst certainly survives through<br />
existing organisations and businesses<br />
founded before and after 1891, 15 the<br />
name has not persisted in the broader<br />
contemporary knowledge <strong>of</strong> the city,<br />
as <strong>Bendigo</strong> did for those 38 years.<br />
The origin <strong>of</strong> the name<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong>’s origins are shrouded in<br />
mystery. That is not to say that opinions<br />
on the matter <strong>of</strong> where the name came<br />
from have not been put forward in the<br />
last 130 years or more, and an <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />
attempt to find an answer to this<br />
question was made in 1890.<br />
A Select Committee was appointed<br />
by the Victorian Government in 1890,<br />
their primary purpose being to inquire<br />
into which individual first discovered<br />
gold on <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek; this followed<br />
various claims made in preceding years and<br />
particularly that <strong>of</strong> a Mr Henry Frencham.<br />
The Committee subsequently took on<br />
the task <strong>of</strong> establishing where the name<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> came from.<br />
Unfortunately no written accounts from<br />
those early days <strong>of</strong> settlement have been<br />
found and, by necessity, the Committee
WH Robinson<br />
Australia 19th century<br />
Views <strong>of</strong> Sandhurst.<br />
Leading business places,<br />
and manufactories.<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1891<br />
book, concertina bound<br />
Sandhurst Trustees<br />
REM Melbourne<br />
Pall Mall looking East<br />
1901<br />
postcard<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong> Elaine<br />
Harrington<br />
Charles Hunt<br />
England 1806–1870<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1846<br />
hand-coloured<br />
engraving<br />
Collection <strong>of</strong> Reg and<br />
Judy MacDonald
‘... endeavoured to<br />
ascertain from what<br />
source, and at what<br />
time, the name <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> arose.’<br />
relied heavily on verbal testimony when<br />
compiling evidence. Their findings on the<br />
name <strong>Bendigo</strong> declared:<br />
Your committee have also endeavoured<br />
to ascertain from what source, and<br />
at what time, the name <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
arose. The evidence given leads your<br />
committee to the opinion that the place<br />
was called <strong>Bendigo</strong> as far back as 1840,<br />
and that it was so called after an employee<br />
on that portion <strong>of</strong> the Ravenswood<br />
station, which afterwards became known<br />
as the <strong>Bendigo</strong> Goldfield. 16<br />
A letter, purportedly written by<br />
Richard Grice many years earlier,<br />
claims that Heape and Grice’s overseer,<br />
Tom Myers, named the creek in 1841<br />
as he was himself ‘a bit <strong>of</strong> a dab with his<br />
fists, and a great admirer <strong>of</strong> the boxer<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong>’. 17 Variations on this version<br />
<strong>of</strong> events were <strong>of</strong>fered by other early<br />
residents and are well documented. 18<br />
However, various individuals<br />
claiming connection to Mount<br />
Alexander/Ravenswood Run or its first<br />
occupants submitted other anecdotal<br />
accounts to the Argus over a long period;<br />
these most <strong>of</strong>ten nominated a corruption<br />
<strong>of</strong> language as the root <strong>of</strong> the name, and<br />
few stand up to close scrutiny.<br />
Lately, however, the widow <strong>of</strong> the late<br />
Mr. Myers, one <strong>of</strong> the pioneer squatters<br />
… has stated that the name arose from<br />
the circumstance that the finest pasture<br />
was in the bends <strong>of</strong> the creek, so that<br />
when the aboriginal shepherds asked<br />
where they were to take the sheep,<br />
they were told in the customary broken<br />
English, “to Bendy go.” — E. J.<br />
White, Melbourne Observatory 19<br />
The true name ‘bandicoot’ was<br />
corrupted to ‘<strong>Bendigo</strong>’ not in honour <strong>of</strong><br />
the prize-fighter, but through ignorance,<br />
and hence came the adopted name.<br />
— Vincent Pyke, New Zealand 20<br />
Mr. Heape with Mr. Thomas Myers …<br />
followed down the creek, which was<br />
very winding. ‘Go on Thomas,’ cried<br />
out Mr. Heape. Thomas replied ‘It is all<br />
bend and go’. ‘Then’, said Mr. Heape,<br />
‘We’ll call it <strong>Bendigo</strong>’. — William<br />
Read, New Zealand 21<br />
Bourke arrived in Victoria from<br />
California with a Portugee named<br />
Bernard Deigo … He [Deigo] then left<br />
Bourke to shift camp … Bourke told<br />
them [fellow diggers] he was going out<br />
to Ben Deigo … by-and-by a few others<br />
determined to “go out to Ben Deigo,”<br />
ST Gill<br />
born England 1818,<br />
arrived Australia 1839,<br />
died 1880<br />
Eagle Hawk Gully,<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
c1852<br />
watercolour<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
Purchased to mark the<br />
Gallery’s Centenary<br />
in 1987. RHS Abbott<br />
Bequest Fund with<br />
the assistance <strong>of</strong> a grant<br />
from the Sidney Myer<br />
Fund 1989<br />
and the locality began to catch on. —<br />
Morgan S. Field, Western Australia 22<br />
The creek was recognised as Bednego<br />
at least as early as September 1848,<br />
where it is published in the Claims to<br />
Leases <strong>of</strong> Crown Land as a boundary<br />
descriptive for Heape and Grice’s Mount<br />
Alexander Run. 23 The spelling <strong>of</strong><br />
Bednego by the landholders is certainly<br />
a strong indication that <strong>Bendigo</strong> may<br />
have originated from Abednego.<br />
This could in turn support the now<br />
commonly accepted view that there<br />
was an individual on Mount Alexander<br />
Run who was given the nickname<br />
after William Abednego (<strong>Bendigo</strong>)<br />
Thompson, the famed bare-knuckle<br />
prize fighter from Nottingham.<br />
Abednego is found in the Old<br />
Testament <strong>of</strong> the Bible as one <strong>of</strong> three<br />
companions <strong>of</strong> Daniel; the others<br />
being Shadrach and Meshach. The four<br />
Israelites came under the power <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar when<br />
he besieged Jerusalem, but they refused<br />
to worship the king’s idols.<br />
Then Nebuchadnezzar was furious with<br />
Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego …<br />
He ordered the furnace heated seven<br />
times hotter than usual and commanded<br />
some <strong>of</strong> the strongest soldiers in his<br />
army … to throw them into the blazing<br />
furnace.<br />
He said, ‘Look! I see four men walking<br />
around in the fire, unbound and<br />
unharmed, and the fourth looks like<br />
a son <strong>of</strong> the gods’. 24<br />
Nebuchadnezzar was so amazed at<br />
what he saw that he summoned the<br />
three Israelites from the fire, praised<br />
their faith and their God, and declared<br />
that their religion henceforth would be<br />
free from persecution.<br />
Popular accounts <strong>of</strong> the boxer<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Thompson tell that he was one<br />
<strong>of</strong> triplets who his mother named after<br />
the three faithful disciples.<br />
Other names from the gold rush<br />
and later<br />
The diggers … at <strong>Bendigo</strong> are recherché<br />
as to names. There is Eagle Hawk<br />
Gully, a notable locality for the root<br />
<strong>of</strong> all evil; Beelzebub Flat, doubtless<br />
from some kindred character <strong>of</strong> the<br />
spirits dwelling and digging there; Peg<br />
Leg Gully, where a timber-toed digger<br />
contrived to hop into large treasures;<br />
New Chum Flat, which savours very<br />
much <strong>of</strong> flat new chums; and so forth …
‘The diggers ...<br />
at <strong>Bendigo</strong> are<br />
recherché as to<br />
names.’<br />
“White Hills,” so called from the<br />
quantities <strong>of</strong> dazzling white pipeclay<br />
or s<strong>of</strong>t schist that was ejected from<br />
the pit in the progress <strong>of</strong> digging, and<br />
that now overspread the surface <strong>of</strong> the<br />
entire hill like a cap <strong>of</strong> snow. 25<br />
Eaglehawk<br />
Originally known as Eaglehawk<br />
Gully; in 1852 gold was discovered at<br />
a location north <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong>, where<br />
men had seen eagle hawks flying<br />
overhead.<br />
Eppalock<br />
Eppalock has been in existence<br />
since at least 1856 and at its current<br />
location; however, to date a reference<br />
to the origin <strong>of</strong> its name has not been<br />
found. Lake Eppalock was created as<br />
a water catchment between 1960 and<br />
1964.<br />
Epsom<br />
Also known in the 1850s as Epsom<br />
Flats, this area was presumably named<br />
after Epsom in the county <strong>of</strong> Surry in<br />
England, famous for its horseracing<br />
track, where the Epsom Derby was<br />
first held in 1790.<br />
Flora Hill<br />
Named as early as the 1870s, Flora<br />
Hill was not initially a mine site and<br />
was likely named for its botanical<br />
attractions; quartz is documented as<br />
being discovered there in 1894.<br />
Golden Square<br />
The discovery <strong>of</strong> the first gold on<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek was at The Rocks, soon<br />
dubbed Golden Point. Nearby was<br />
Golden Gully and, by 1852, the area<br />
was known as the Golden Square.<br />
Kangaroo Flat<br />
Originally known as Yankee Boot Flat<br />
due to the footwear worn by miners<br />
in the area, the Flat was given its new<br />
name after miners found and trapped<br />
a kangaroo within the diggings<br />
Strathfieldsaye<br />
In existence since at least 1861,<br />
Strathfield-Saye House in Hampshire,<br />
England, has been the seat <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Dukes <strong>of</strong> Wellington since 1817.<br />
Sandra Bruce<br />
Curator, City History<br />
and Collections<br />
—<br />
NOTES<br />
11 Thomas Mitchell, Three Expeditions into the<br />
Interior <strong>of</strong> Eastern Australia, T & W Boone,<br />
London, 1839, vol. 2; chapter 3.14.<br />
12 Mitchell, Three Expeditions, chapter 3.8.<br />
13 Mitchell, Three Expeditions, chapter 3.12.<br />
14 Argus, 29 October 1867, p.6.<br />
15 Mitchell, Three Expeditions, chapter 3.12.<br />
16 Argus, 29 September 1848, p.4.<br />
17 This run should not be confused with<br />
William Barker’s Mount Alexander Run, a<br />
property <strong>of</strong> 30,000 acres started<br />
in 1845 and to the immediate south <strong>of</strong><br />
Sherratt’s property.<br />
18 While the property’s name was not<br />
formally changed until it was subdivided in<br />
1853, the run was known as Ravenswood<br />
as early as January 1851 (see Moreton Bay<br />
Courier, 6 January 1851, p.2).<br />
19 Victoria Government Gazette, no. 23, 9 June<br />
1852, p.549.<br />
10 Victoria Government Gazette, no. 49, 8<br />
December 1852, p.1425.<br />
11 Victoria Government Gazette, no. 5, 26<br />
January 1853, p.121.<br />
12 According to a colleague <strong>of</strong> Captain,<br />
later Colonel, Bull (Argus, 20 October<br />
1890, p.7).<br />
13 <strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery was founded in 1887<br />
as the Sandhurst Fine Art Gallery; the<br />
name change occurred in 1890, and preempted<br />
the <strong>city’s</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial name change by<br />
nearly 12 months.<br />
14 Victoria Government Gazette, no. 62, 8 May<br />
1891, p.1932.<br />
15 Examples <strong>of</strong> organisations in existence<br />
today: Sandhurst Trustees; Sandhurst East<br />
Post Office (McIvor Road, <strong>Bendigo</strong>);<br />
Sandhurst Machinery; Sandhurst Football<br />
Club, and Catholic Diocese <strong>of</strong> Sandhurst.<br />
16 ‘The discovery <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Bendigo</strong> goldfield’,<br />
Argus, 30 October 1890, p.6.<br />
17 Argus, 5 September 1890, p.7.<br />
18 William Abednego Thompson (1811–<br />
1880), or ‘Bold <strong>Bendigo</strong>’, was a famous<br />
bare-knuckle prize fighter <strong>of</strong> the time<br />
who came to prominence in the 1830s; his<br />
name has become commonly linked to the<br />
story <strong>of</strong> the origin <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> the city.<br />
19 Argus, 18 June 1888, p.9.<br />
20 Argus, 11 August 1891, p.5.<br />
21 Argus, 11 August 1891, p.5.<br />
22 Argus, 28 September 1897, p.7.<br />
23 The Select Committee may not have been<br />
aware <strong>of</strong> this reference as it was not noted<br />
in their report.<br />
24 Book <strong>of</strong> Daniel, 3:19–25.<br />
25 William Westgarth, Victoria, Late Australia<br />
Felix: or Port Phillip District <strong>of</strong> New South<br />
Wales, being an historical and descriptive<br />
account <strong>of</strong> the colony and its gold mines, 1853,<br />
Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 231 & 247.
Exhibition<br />
checklist<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
Unknown<br />
England 19th century<br />
Silver dish featuring the Heape<br />
family crest, presented to Charles<br />
Heape on his twenty-first birthday<br />
c1844<br />
silver<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> Lynne Lumsden and<br />
Judy Noble 2010<br />
ST Gill<br />
born England 1818, arrived<br />
Australia 1839, died 1880<br />
Diggers on way to <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1852<br />
lithograph<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> F and S Malley 1995<br />
ST Gill<br />
born England 1818, arrived<br />
Australia 1839, died 1880<br />
Successful diggers on way from<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1852<br />
lithograph<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> Lazenby Real Estate<br />
Pty Ltd 1995<br />
ST Gill<br />
born England 1818, arrived<br />
Australia 1839, died 1880<br />
On <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek<br />
1852<br />
lithograph<br />
RHS Abbott Bequest Fund<br />
1992<br />
ST Gill<br />
born England 1818, arrived<br />
Australia 1839, died 1880<br />
Eagle Hawk Gully, <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
c1852<br />
watercolour<br />
Purchased to mark the<br />
Gallery’s Centenary in 1987.<br />
RHS Abbott Bequest Fund<br />
with the assistance <strong>of</strong> a grant<br />
from the Sidney Myer Fund<br />
1989<br />
Ludwig Becker<br />
born Germany c1808, arrived<br />
Australia 1851, died 1861<br />
Golden Square, <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
(after sunset)<br />
1853<br />
watercolour and gum arabic<br />
Dr Peter Slater Bequest Fund<br />
1989<br />
Ludwig Becker<br />
born Germany c1808, arrived<br />
Australia 1851, died 1861<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Flat<br />
1854<br />
watercolour<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> A and E Roberts 1929<br />
George Rowe<br />
born England 1796, Australia<br />
1852–c1859, died England<br />
1864<br />
Sandhurst from Quarry Hill<br />
1857<br />
watercolour<br />
Purchased 1922<br />
George Rowe<br />
born England 1796, Australia<br />
1852–c1859, died England<br />
1864<br />
The End <strong>of</strong> the Rainbow, Golden<br />
Square, <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1857<br />
watercolour<br />
Newson Bequest Fund 2004<br />
George Rowe<br />
born England 1796, Australia<br />
1852–c1859, died England<br />
1864<br />
Pall Mall, Sandhurst<br />
1857<br />
watercolour<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> the Estate <strong>of</strong> Mr<br />
Robert Mackay 1929<br />
George Rowe<br />
born England 1796, Australia<br />
1852–c1859, died England<br />
1864<br />
Kangaroo Flat<br />
c1857<br />
watercolour<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> the Estate <strong>of</strong> Mr<br />
Robert Mackay 1929<br />
Nicholas Chevalier<br />
born Russia 1828, Australia<br />
1854–67, died England 1902<br />
Pall Mall, Sandhurst<br />
c1862<br />
engraving<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> Mr Andrew Leckie<br />
Nicholas Caire<br />
born Guernsey, United<br />
Kingdom 1837, arrived<br />
Australia 1858, died 1918<br />
The <strong>Bendigo</strong> Benevolent Asylum<br />
and Industrial School<br />
1875<br />
albumen silver print on card<br />
Special Acquisitions Fund<br />
1994<br />
Francis W Niven<br />
born Ireland 1831, arrived<br />
Australia 1854, died 1905<br />
Sandhurst<br />
1887<br />
chromolithograph<br />
RHS Abbott Bequest Fund<br />
1997<br />
Bartlett Brothers Studio<br />
Australia 1882–c1970s<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong>, 1887<br />
1887<br />
sepia toned gelatin silver print<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> the Kelly family 2002<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery<br />
Australia 1858–present<br />
Sandhurst water filter<br />
c1883-91<br />
stoneware, limestone, brass<br />
Gift <strong>of</strong> Dr David Innes 1997<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
archive<br />
Unknown (WML)<br />
Sir Thomas Mitchell<br />
from Andrew Garran (ed),<br />
The Picturesque Atlas <strong>of</strong><br />
Australasia, Picturesque Atlas<br />
Publishing, Sydney, 1886<br />
engraving<br />
William Sandbach<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Bendigo</strong> Creek<br />
Diggings, 1851<br />
1890<br />
from George Mackay (ed),<br />
Annals <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> 1851-1935,<br />
Mackay & Co, <strong>Bendigo</strong>,<br />
1936<br />
lithograph<br />
Unknown<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Volunteer Riflemen’s<br />
Orderly-Room, Australia<br />
from Andrew Garran (ed),<br />
The Picturesque Atlas <strong>of</strong><br />
Australasia, Picturesque Atlas<br />
Publishing, Sydney, 1886<br />
engraving<br />
Sandhurst Fine Art Gallery<br />
First Annual Report<br />
1888<br />
booklet<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Art Gallery<br />
3rd Annual Report<br />
1890<br />
booklet<br />
F Frith & Co<br />
England 1859–1960<br />
Royal Military College,<br />
Sandhurst<br />
1901<br />
postcard<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Historical<br />
Society<br />
Unknown<br />
England 19th century<br />
Bell, used on the Ravenswood<br />
Run homestead<br />
c1850s<br />
cast iron<br />
The <strong>Bendigo</strong> Advertiser<br />
Australia 1852-present<br />
First edition, issued 9 December<br />
1852<br />
newspaper<br />
Unknown<br />
England 19th century<br />
Pistol, single shot, used on the<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> goldfields<br />
c1850s<br />
wood, steel<br />
George M Reilly<br />
(publisher)<br />
Australia<br />
The Sandhurst Bee<br />
1860–1861<br />
newspaper, complete<br />
editions, bound in two<br />
volumes<br />
Joseph and Co<br />
Australia<br />
Sandhurst Clock<br />
c1870s<br />
wood, brass, glass<br />
Besson (manufacturer)<br />
France and England<br />
1837–present<br />
Cornet and case, presented to<br />
James Northcott, Bandmaster <strong>of</strong><br />
the Sandhurst Volunteer Band<br />
in recognition <strong>of</strong> his musical<br />
ability<br />
1871<br />
silver, cork, wood, leather,<br />
velvet, metal<br />
Philip Ashberry and Sons<br />
England 1861–1935<br />
Trophy, <strong>Bendigo</strong> Easter Fair<br />
champion race, first prize won<br />
by F. Goyne<br />
1890<br />
electroplated silver<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery<br />
Australia 1858–present<br />
Casting crucibles<br />
19th century<br />
ceramic<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> regional<br />
archives centre<br />
SH McGowan<br />
Australia 19th century<br />
Letter, addressed to the Town<br />
Clerk Sandhurst, regarding the<br />
call for a change <strong>of</strong> name from<br />
Sandhurst to <strong>Bendigo</strong>,<br />
4 September 1890<br />
manuscript<br />
JC Stamp<br />
Australia 19th century<br />
Letter, addressed to Mayor<br />
and Councillors, regarding the<br />
opposition to a change <strong>of</strong> name<br />
from Sandhurst to <strong>Bendigo</strong>,10<br />
December 1890<br />
manuscript<br />
Unknown<br />
Australia 19th century<br />
Petition, Change <strong>of</strong> Name:<br />
‘Sandhurst’ to ‘<strong>Bendigo</strong>’,<br />
October 1890<br />
manuscript<br />
Sandhurst City Council<br />
Council Minutes, including<br />
entries from September 1890 to<br />
May 1891<br />
manuscript, bound volume<br />
City <strong>of</strong> Greater <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
collection<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Trust<br />
Unknown<br />
Gold rocker<br />
19th century<br />
wood, iron<br />
Unknown<br />
Panning dish<br />
19th century<br />
steel<br />
Unknown<br />
Mining chisels<br />
c1850s<br />
metal<br />
Unknown<br />
Windlass<br />
19th century<br />
wood, metal<br />
Burke Memorial<br />
Museum<br />
Unknown<br />
Jaara Country, 19th century<br />
Nulla Nulla, Sandhurst<br />
c1854<br />
wood<br />
Unknown<br />
Jaara Country, 19th century<br />
Waddy, Sandhurst<br />
c1854<br />
wood<br />
Unknown<br />
Jaara Country, 19th century<br />
Waddy, Sandhurst<br />
c1854<br />
wood<br />
Goldfields Library<br />
Corporation<br />
Government <strong>of</strong> Victoria<br />
Australia 1851–present<br />
Victoria Government Gazette,<br />
including editions from 1852<br />
to 1891<br />
bound volumes<br />
Elaine Harrington<br />
Envelopes addressed to<br />
Mr Dyason, White Hills,<br />
Sandhurst<br />
1860s–1880s<br />
paper<br />
Colony <strong>of</strong> Victoria<br />
Miner’s Right, issued to David<br />
Alexanda for the district <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong>,15 February 1891<br />
certificate<br />
Colony <strong>of</strong> Victoria<br />
Miner’s Right, issued to Sarah<br />
Miles for the district <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong>,<br />
4 March 1891<br />
certificate<br />
REM Melbourne<br />
Pall Mall looking East<br />
1901<br />
postcard<br />
Office <strong>of</strong> the Board <strong>of</strong> Land<br />
and Works, Melbourne,<br />
Victoria<br />
Sale <strong>of</strong> crown lands at<br />
Sandhurst<br />
1866<br />
printed notice<br />
Various<br />
Cabinet cards, from Sandhurst<br />
photographic studios: Bartlett<br />
Bros, Bent, Chuck, Foster,<br />
C. Pierce<br />
c1880s<br />
card, photograph
Vic Lane<br />
VR Tower<br />
England 19th century<br />
Musket owned by Martin<br />
Cusack, member, <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
Rifle Brigade c1850s<br />
1847<br />
wood, steel<br />
Reg and Judy<br />
MacDonald<br />
Charles Hunt<br />
England 1806–1870<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1846<br />
hand-coloured engraving<br />
Mitchell Library,<br />
State Library <strong>of</strong><br />
New South Wales<br />
Unknown<br />
England 19th century<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee pot, presented to Major<br />
Thomas Livingstone Mitchell<br />
on his discovery <strong>of</strong> Australia<br />
Felix in 1836<br />
1833<br />
silver<br />
Thomas Livingstone<br />
Mitchell<br />
born Scotland 1792, arrived<br />
Australia 1827, died 1855<br />
Panoramic field book, Australia<br />
Felix expedition<br />
1836<br />
manuscript<br />
Museum Victoria<br />
Melbourne Mint<br />
Australia<br />
County <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> Agricultural<br />
and Horticultural Society<br />
medal, awarded to Mr T<br />
Strachan for excellence in wine<br />
1878<br />
bronze<br />
Melbourne Mint<br />
Australia<br />
County <strong>of</strong> <strong>Bendigo</strong> Agricultural<br />
and Horticultural Society<br />
medal, first prize awarded to<br />
Mr T Strachan for red wine<br />
1878<br />
silver<br />
Thomas Stokes<br />
Melbourne, Australia<br />
One penny token issued by<br />
Hodgson Bros, grocers and<br />
produce merchants, Sailors<br />
Gully & California Gully<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1862<br />
copper<br />
Thomas Stokes<br />
Melbourne, Australia<br />
One penny token issued by<br />
Stead Bros Fruiterers, Grocers<br />
and Seedsmen, Pall Mall<br />
Sandhurst<br />
1862<br />
copper<br />
Unknown<br />
One penny token issued by JW<br />
& G Williams, Ironmongers<br />
and Drapers, Eaglehawk<br />
c1858<br />
copper<br />
Stokes and Martin<br />
Melbourne, Australia<br />
Two <strong>Bendigo</strong> Juvenile<br />
and Industrial Exhibition<br />
commemorative medals<br />
1886<br />
gilt bronze<br />
Stokes and Martin<br />
Melbourne, Australia<br />
Jubilee <strong>of</strong> Queen Victoria<br />
medal, issued by the Shire<br />
<strong>of</strong> Strathfieldsaye<br />
1887<br />
metal<br />
Dennis O’Hoy<br />
Unknown<br />
Seal, the Municipality<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sandhurst<br />
1855<br />
bronze, steel<br />
JW Faul<br />
Australia 19th century<br />
Victorian Railways carriage<br />
lamp, Sandhurst<br />
c1870s<br />
steel, glass, ceramic, cotton<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery<br />
Australia 1858–present<br />
Wine and spirit jug, Moore<br />
Bros & Co Wine and Spirit<br />
Merchants, Sandhurst<br />
1872-79<br />
stoneware, salt glazed with<br />
iron<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> Pottery<br />
Australia 1858–present<br />
Wine and spirit jug, Moore<br />
Bros & Co Wine and Spirit<br />
Merchants, Lyceum Stores<br />
Sandhurst<br />
c1882<br />
stoneware, salt and wood<br />
ash glazed<br />
Unknown<br />
Panoramic view <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Alexandra Fountain, Charing<br />
Cross <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1903<br />
gelatin silver print<br />
Sandhurst Trustees<br />
WH Robinson<br />
Australia 19th century<br />
Views <strong>of</strong> Sandhurst.<br />
Leading business places, and<br />
manufactories. <strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
1891<br />
book, concertina bound<br />
Phil Wilkins<br />
John Lamont<br />
Scotland 1876–nd<br />
J Wharton Sandhurst bottle<br />
c1880<br />
glass, rubber<br />
Unknown<br />
France 19th century<br />
Soda bottle, etched with W<br />
Bruce & Sons, Sandhurst, lid<br />
engraved with TO Hunter,<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong><br />
c1880<br />
glass, silver<br />
Darren Wright<br />
Samuel Maunder<br />
England 1785–1849<br />
Maunder’s Biographical<br />
Treasury<br />
Longman, Brown, Green,<br />
and Longmans, London,<br />
1847<br />
From the library <strong>of</strong><br />
Edward Garsed<br />
book<br />
Unknown<br />
19th century<br />
Edward Garsed’s Castleton<br />
Dispensary bottles<br />
c1850s<br />
glass, cork, hemlock,<br />
dugong oil<br />
Minister <strong>of</strong> Mines,<br />
Victorian Government<br />
Survey map, Sandhurst<br />
Gold Field<br />
1873<br />
vellum, ink, wood<br />
Augusta Marryat<br />
England c1828–nd<br />
Left to Themselves. A Boy’s<br />
Adventures in Australia<br />
Frederick Warne and Co,<br />
London, 1878<br />
From the Sandhurst<br />
Mechanics Institute and<br />
Free Library<br />
book<br />
Sandhurst Mechanics<br />
Institute and Free Library<br />
Australia 1857–1904<br />
Bookmark<br />
c1880s<br />
card<br />
Sandhurst Masonic Lodge<br />
Australia<br />
Lodge pamphlets<br />
19th century, 1961<br />
paper, card
51–67 pall mall<br />
<strong>Bendigo</strong> VICTORIA 3550<br />
T 03 5434 6179<br />
post<strong>of</strong>ficegallery<br />
@bendigo.vic.gov.au