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FRAMING POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN
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iii To the memory of late my father
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v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Together with the
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vii Fortenberry, Dr. Merle Ziegler,
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3.2 The Data…………………
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xi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Profile
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xiii Table 7.2 Newspapers frame com
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xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFORD Alli
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2 why the newspapers‟ discourse i
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4 had successfully convinced Wester
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6 be able to establish whether or n
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8 The first reason is that the pres
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1.2.2 1999 Post-Election Case Study
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12 Mutharika, a former World Bank e
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14 Malawi, and how this study will
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16 this study was denied. Thus, the
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18 provide a better understanding o
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20 The next chapter examines the th
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22 about each other. The social fra
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24 . . . to frame is to select some
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26 Journalists select whom to quote
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28 text and separate the issues inh
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30 society” (Gitlin 1980, p.10; D
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32 African media have coupled it wi
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34 especially true with respect to
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36 content. The argument is that th
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38 ownership and that owner‟s ali
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40 ownership and its influence on j
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42 Khaila and Chibwana (2005) noted
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44 respondent are reported to be in
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46 their role in a multiparty socie
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48 Within this strand of literature
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50 Chipangula (2004:23), in her com
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52 In short, the government has not
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2.5.1 Editorials and Opinion Column
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56 In this respect, as will be note
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58 (1972)‟s agenda-setting theory
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3.0 Introduction 60 Chapter Three M
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62 Contextual factors in case studi
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64 (problem definition, causal inte
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66 Journalists, through editorials,
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68 coded and uncoded text could be
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70 For the 1994 case study, the edi
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72 of parliament was the 38 th Sess
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74 a. What are the perceived moral
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76 literature on culture, politics,
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78 However, even though the above m
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80 For the 1994 editorial corpus, t
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82 3.5.2 Researcher Positioning and
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3.6 Limitations of the Study 84 Hav
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86 These include the issue of objec
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88 researcher of the task of interp
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90 Chapter Four 1994 Post-Election
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92 prominent among them were the BN
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94 The parliamentary corpus consist
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4.3.1 Unity Frames 96 The first par
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98 Any leader governing a fragmente
- Page 115 and 116: 100 emotions negatively against any
- Page 117 and 118: 102 reconciliation. This aspect was
- Page 119 and 120: 104 In their moral evaluations, the
- Page 121 and 122: 106 In eight paragraphs (See Table
- Page 123 and 124: 108 Tribalism, regionalism and favo
- Page 125 and 126: 110 Even though the UDF-led governm
- Page 127 and 128: 112 and its leadership as being res
- Page 129 and 130: 114 In contrast, the Nation and the
- Page 131 and 132: 116 the same of today‟s change? W
- Page 133 and 134: 118 The foregoing section discussed
- Page 135 and 136: 120 Further to that, the president
- Page 137 and 138: 122 President Bakili Muluzi, who ri
- Page 139 and 140: 124 advanced the argument that the
- Page 141 and 142: 126 polemics masquerade as critical
- Page 143 and 144: 128 The section discusses two gener
- Page 145 and 146: 130 4.5.2.1 Opposition Journalism i
- Page 147 and 148: 132 opposition parties sought to im
- Page 149 and 150: 134 The second research question in
- Page 151 and 152: 5.1 The Newspapers Landscape 136 Th
- Page 153 and 154: 138 Table 5.1: Summary of Editorial
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- Page 157 and 158: 142 otherwise the country would deg
- Page 159 and 160: 144 Malawi today stands a confused
- Page 161 and 162: 146 Who can speak a good word in se
- Page 163 and 164: 148 The Problem Definition and the
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- Page 169 and 170: 154 information with contradictory
- Page 171 and 172: 156 event of a minority winner emer
- Page 173 and 174: 158 addition, the UDF was reported
- Page 175 and 176: 160 The second was the Leadership F
- Page 177 and 178: 162 The first Moral Evaluation argu
- Page 179 and 180: 164 country.” In that respect Mul
- Page 181 and 182: 166 For example, the first media re
- Page 183 and 184: 168 However, the NPL newspapers did
- Page 185 and 186: 170 self-congratulatory, they simpl
- Page 187 and 188: 172 The following section of the ch
- Page 189 and 190: 174 Apart from the change of politi
- Page 191 and 192: 176 The newspapers‟ Challenges Fr
- Page 193 and 194: 178 framed, his party, the UDF and
- Page 195 and 196: 180 committed in the course of his
- Page 197 and 198: 182 The second aspect of this compo
- Page 199 and 200: 184 the party and cut his own swath
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- Page 203 and 204: 188 Table 6.9: Treatment Recommenda
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- Page 211 and 212: 196 . . . our interconnectedness, o
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- Page 215 and 216: 200 The frame had 42 paragraphs cod
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202 in the 11 speeches (See Table 6
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204 to arrogance. There were 13 suc
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206 Political actors recognize that
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208 The Failed Government Frame was
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210 For example, one of the main st
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212 Admittedly, we were critical to
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214 newspapers maybe an indication
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7.0 Introduction 216 Chapter Seven
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218 detected in both the newspapers
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220 adopt that issue as a cause for
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222 commercial city of Blantyre for
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224 the Unity Frame, in particular,
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226 prescriptions. The Failed Gover
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228 political communication. In det
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Table 7.3: Parliamentary frame comp
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232 Table 7.4: Chi Square Test diff
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234 was rooted in this aspect of mo
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236 argument that framing in politi
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238 study established generalisatio
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240 understand how the press have m
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242 Thus, in 1994, the Nation and t
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244 divisive rhetoric when celebrat
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246 president. The Electoral Proces
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248 The state is also important in
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250 when Rob Jamieson changed the C
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252 In the 2004 post election perio
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254 and analytical national interes
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256 The first is value association
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258 Perhaps one of the most strikin
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260 target audience to think, feel
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262 an objective press working in t
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264 limbo at the BNL newspapers. On
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266 organizations often face cash c
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268 Thus, the government must lead
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270 problem is diversification of m
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272 Another area requiring further
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274 Assembly cues. This type of jou
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276 1994 - The first multiparty ele
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278 APPENDIX III OPEN CODING FOR A
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280 APPENDIX V PILOT STUDY HOLSTI I
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282 that you change the labelling o
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284 APPENDIX VII A MODEL FOR FRAMIN
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286 Asen, R. (1999) „Toward a nor
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288 new management ideas in constru
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290 Cho, S. H., & Gower, K. K. (200
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292 Daily Times (1994c) „Potentia
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294 Eko, L. (2004) Hear all evil, s
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296 Study Research. (paper presente
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298 Hall, S. (1980) Race, Articulat
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300 Jamieson, R. (1999) „Calling
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302 on public opinion: The rise and
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304 Malawi News (1999g) „Let the
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Palgrave. 306 McManus, M. (1994). M
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308 Nampuntha, C. (1994) „Aid, fa
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310 Patel, N. (2004) In Ott, M., Im
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312 the Church. Ecumenical Review,
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314 Snow, D.A. & Benford. R.D. (198
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Media Review, Vol. 5, No.1. p. 1-16
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318 Watkins, S. C. (2001). Framing
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320