FRAMING POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN

iii To the memory of late my father

v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Together with the

vii Fortenberry, Dr. Merle Ziegler,

3.2 The Data…………………

xi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Profile

xiii Table 7.2 Newspapers frame com

xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFORD Alli

2 why the newspapers‟ discourse i

4 had successfully convinced Wester

6 be able to establish whether or n

8 The first reason is that the pres

1.2.2 1999 Post-Election Case Study

12 Mutharika, a former World Bank e

14 Malawi, and how this study will

16 this study was denied. Thus, the

18 provide a better understanding o

20 The next chapter examines the th

22 about each other. The social fra

24 . . . to frame is to select some

26 Journalists select whom to quote

28 text and separate the issues inh

30 society” (Gitlin 1980, p.10; D

32 African media have coupled it wi

34 especially true with respect to

36 content. The argument is that th

38 ownership and that owner‟s ali

40 ownership and its influence on j

42 Khaila and Chibwana (2005) noted

44 respondent are reported to be in

46 their role in a multiparty socie

48 Within this strand of literature

50 Chipangula (2004:23), in her com

52 In short, the government has not

2.5.1 Editorials and Opinion Column

56 In this respect, as will be note

58 (1972)‟s agenda-setting theory

3.0 Introduction 60 Chapter Three M

62 Contextual factors in case studi

64 (problem definition, causal inte

66 Journalists, through editorials,

68 coded and uncoded text could be

70 For the 1994 case study, the edi

72 of parliament was the 38 th Sess

74 a. What are the perceived moral

76 literature on culture, politics,

78 However, even though the above m

80 For the 1994 editorial corpus, t

82 3.5.2 Researcher Positioning and

3.6 Limitations of the Study 84 Hav

86 These include the issue of objec

88 researcher of the task of interp

90 Chapter Four 1994 Post-Election

92 prominent among them were the BN

94 The parliamentary corpus consist

4.3.1 Unity Frames 96 The first par

98 Any leader governing a fragmente

100 emotions negatively against any

102 reconciliation. This aspect was

104 In their moral evaluations, the

106 In eight paragraphs (See Table

108 Tribalism, regionalism and favo

110 Even though the UDF-led governm

112 and its leadership as being res

114 In contrast, the Nation and the

116 the same of today‟s change? W

118 The foregoing section discussed

120 Further to that, the president

122 President Bakili Muluzi, who ri

124 advanced the argument that the

126 polemics masquerade as critical

128 The section discusses two gener

130 4.5.2.1 Opposition Journalism i

132 opposition parties sought to im

134 The second research question in

5.1 The Newspapers Landscape 136 Th

138 Table 5.1: Summary of Editorial

140 (See Table 5.2). As the editori

142 otherwise the country would deg

144 Malawi today stands a confused

146 Who can speak a good word in se

148 The Problem Definition and the

150 As treatment recommendations, t

152 leader who has been declared a

154 information with contradictory

156 event of a minority winner emer

158 addition, the UDF was reported

160 The second was the Leadership F

162 The first Moral Evaluation argu

164 country.” In that respect Mul

166 For example, the first media re

168 However, the NPL newspapers did

170 self-congratulatory, they simpl

172 The following section of the ch

174 Apart from the change of politi

176 The newspapers‟ Challenges Fr

178 framed, his party, the UDF and

180 committed in the course of his

182 The second aspect of this compo

184 the party and cut his own swath

186 nuanced pinpointing problem are

188 Table 6.9: Treatment Recommenda

190 to the public (making it less a

192 not only unable to deal with th

194 effort and performance. Further

196 . . . our interconnectedness, o

198 to the Challenges Frame and its

200 The frame had 42 paragraphs cod

202 in the 11 speeches (See Table 6

204 to arrogance. There were 13 suc

206 Political actors recognize that

208 The Failed Government Frame was

210 For example, one of the main st

212 Admittedly, we were critical to

214 newspapers maybe an indication

7.0 Introduction 216 Chapter Seven

218 detected in both the newspapers

220 adopt that issue as a cause for

222 commercial city of Blantyre for